Vol. 01, No.
1, October 2023
THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON MULTIDISCIPLINE EDUCATION
The Role of Educational Psychology in Learning
Yusni1, Marlina Bakri2
yusnias09@gmail.com1
lhinam83@gmail.com2
1Universitas Mega Buana Palopo
2Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo
Article Info ABSTRACT
Educational psychology basically cannot be separated from the learning
Article history: process. One of the successes of the teaching and learning process, both in
Received 15 July 2023 formal and informal settings, is greatly influenced by the success of teaching
Revised 30 August 2023 staff in carrying out their role in the teaching and learning process, especially in
Accepted 25 September 2023 relation to educational psychology. In carrying out the teaching and learning
process, there are several things regarding the principles of educational
psychology that educators must apply. Apart from teachers, in learning each
student is influenced by many factors, which can be classified into two factors,
Keywords: namely internal factors, namely factors that come from within the student
Education, educational Psychology, himself and external factors, namely factors that come from outside the student,
teaching, physical factors namely from parents, from teachers and from society. Internal factors are
divided into three, namely physical factors, psychological factors and fatigue
factors. Therefore, the role of teaching staff in this case is very influential on the
success of the learning process at school. Competent teaching staff from an
educational psychology perspective are educators who are able to carry out their
profession responsibly, so that they are able to apply psychological principles
and everything related to educational psychology.
Corresponding Author:
Yusni
Universitas Mega Buana Palopo
Email: yusnias09@gmail.com
INTRODUCTION
Educational psychology is the science of psychology that contributes to the world
of education in learning educational activities, curriculum development, teaching and
learning processes, evaluation systems, and counseling services are some of the main
activities in education for students, educators, parents, society and the government to
achieve educational goals. can be achieved perfectly and effectively (Roudlege, 1974).
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According to Syah (2010:24) educational psychology is a psychological discipline
that specifically studies, researches and discusses all human behavior involved in the
educational process, including learning behavior (by students), teaching behavior (by
teachers), and behavior. teaching-learning (by teachers and students interacting with each
other). In the teaching and learning process, the teacher's role is not only to guide and
provide learning facilities for students to achieve learning goals, but the psychology of
students must also be considered. Therefore, educational psychology is important for
every educator and student to study.
Nowadays, in general, many teaching staff do not realize the importance of
equipping themselves with psychology, because in practice, psychology cannot be left out
of the learning process. In interacting with students directly, we must be able to
understand the psychological conditions of each of our students, so that obstacles in the
learning process can be overcome. If this is ignored, it will result in the knowledge we
convey not being well received by students.
The aim of education is a process of change in the cognitive, affective and
psychomotor aspects of a person or group and efforts to mature humans through teaching
and training efforts. Education is a process of interaction and training between two or
more people, between teachers and students, which results in a change in attitudes and
behavior for the better.
As a process, learning almost always has a large place in various scientific
disciplines related to educational efforts, for example educational psychology and learning
psychology. The teaching and learning process certainly requires encouragement or what
is usually called motivation. Motivation in the teaching and learning process plays a very
important role in supporting students' enthusiasm for learning and is needed in the world
of education. The importance of motivation is related to students' acceptance of learning
material from their teachers. There are times when students lack motivation, which will
impact the process of mastering the material taught by the teacher.
Child psychology greatly affects the success of a teacher's education and affects the
results of the learning process itself (Durlak et al., 2011). Therefore, teachers are expected
to be able to master things related to children's psychology so that the goals of the
learning itself can be achieved. If the teacher only carries out his duties by providing
knowledge or material in the classroom without considering the emotional and
psychological conditions of the child himself, the results obtained in the learning will
not be as optimal if the teacher understands the psychology of each student being
taught by him.
Forms of the Student's (spiritual) Psychological Aspects
Macdonald (2004) stated that Intelligence / Level of Student Intelligence is the
ability to react / adapt to the environment Student Attitude It is a tendency to respond in
a relatively constant manner to all objects of people, goods, etc., both positively and
negatively. Student Talent is a potential ability that a person has to achieve success
in the future (Csikszentmihalyi, 1997). Student Interest is a tendency / high enthusiasm
for something and it is also a factor that affects the quality of student learning outcomes
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achievement in certain fields. (Kunter et al., 2013; Kember & Gow, 1994).). Student
Motivation is a situation where it encourages someone or humans to do something that
can come from within or outside. To achieve this, all teachers are required not only to
know and understand the conditions of the students, but teachers are required to have
teacher competence which is better known as professional teachers. The competency
standards of teachers as learning agents are as follows: (1) Pedagogic competence, (2)
Personality competence, (3) Professional competence and (4)Social competence.
The benefits and uses of educational psychology also help to understand the
characteristics of students, whether they are slow learners or fast learners. By knowing
these characteristics, teachers can design learning approaches for these different students,
so that learning can be carried out optimally according to the characteristics of the
participants. educate. Sumadi Suryabrata stated that:
The core problem of educational psychology lies in students because education is
the treatment of students, psychologically, this treatment must be in harmony
with the condition of the students, thus psychological problems that play a role in
the child's education process can be answered if educators can provide assistance
to students so that they develop optimally. naturally through guidance and
counseling, providing structured and quality learning materials.
Educational Psychology Review
In this psychology study the author will provide limitations and clarification of the
basic understanding of psychology in this article. From the etymology discussed by the
author above, it is clear that psychology is concerned with mental issues and a person's
mental activities in relation to education as a process of interaction in individual
development.
According to the introductory psychology book, there are 4 psychological studies
related to education, namely:
1. Biological Studies
Basically, psychological events are related to brain activity and the nervous system.
The human brain has more than ten billion nerve cells and an almost unlimited
number of interconnections. Biological approaches to studying humans and other
species attempt to relate visible behavior to electrical and chemical events occurring
within the body. Biological studies led to developments in learning and memory
research. The biological approach is intended to study humans and other species by
relating observed behavior to events in the brain and nervous system. This approach
tries to determine the neurobiology that underlies behavior and mental health.
2. Behavioral Studies
With a behavioral approach, a person can learn through their behavior and not their
brain and nervous system. Introspection of behavior has its own qualities that
differentiate it from observation in other fields of science. By studying what a person
does, namely their behavior, objective psychology can be developed. Behaviorism is a
term aimed at the psychological study of behavior, which contains the role of
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stimulus-response which studies stimuli-responses that are still relevant in the
environment, the responses caused by these stimuli and the rewards or punishments
that occur after the response. The behavioral approach does not decide a person's
mental development without considering stimulus and response. Through this
stimulus-response, behavioral studies can draw objective conclusions about a
person's mental activity.
3. Cognitive studies
It is a reaction to behaviorism. This cognitive research research is based on the
assumption that (1) only by studying mental processes objectively can humans gain a
full understanding of what a person does. (2) using an analogy between the mind and
a computer. Incoming information is processed in various ways, selected, compared
and combined with other information. The cognitive perspective developed as a
reaction to the narrowness of the stimulus-response view. Understanding human
action solely in terms of stimulus and response may be adequate for studying simple
forms of behavior, but this approach has neglected many important areas of human
functioning.
4. Psychoanalytic Studies.
The psychoanalytic concept of human behavior was developed by Sigmud Freud. The
basic assumption is that most human behavior originates from subconscious roses.
With subconscious processes, Freud assured that there are unconscious fears and
desires within a person that greatly influence his behavior. Psychoanalytic studies see
that all actions have a cause but that cause is more of an unconscious motive than
rational reasoning that drives human behavior. Psychoanalytic studies provide a new
way to view several problems in a person's psychology.
METHOD
This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Qualitative research is generally
contrasted with quantitative research, as explained by Sugiyono (2007). According to
Bogdan and Tylor (as quoted by Zuriah, 2007), qualitative research is a research
procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from
people and observable behavior. Meanwhile, according to Kirk and Miller, qualitative
research is a particular tradition in social science that fundamentally relies on observing
people in their own area and relating to these people in language and terms. Moleong
(2004) states that descriptive research is data collected in the research in the form of
words, images, and not numbers. This research can be sourced from interview scripts,
field notes, observed behavior of people, photos, personal documents, notes or memos
and other official documents. Taking into account the expert opinion above, this research
is in the form of descriptive qualitative, because the data displayed comes from interviews,
books and other sources.
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Deviant behavior is an action or activity carried out contrary to the values, norms,
rules and laws that apply in a school system. If you look at the phenomenon of juvenile
delinquency committed by students, the perpetrators are not only male students, but
nowadays it has also been committed by female students. In this fast-paced era of
technology and information, an act of juvenile delinquency will quickly spread through
social media and the juvenile delinquency that is committed often leads to crime and
immorality. When students are given assignments, they often forget their duties and
responsibilities. Various reasons emerged to cover up his mistakes. Apart from that,
students are also difficult to advise, due to problems within the family and playing
environment. Students also have stubborn, disobedient and rebellious behavior due to
wrong teaching from their family or school. Regarding problem solving, Brmmer, Abrego,
and Shostrom (as quoted in Sugiharto, 2007) revealed that there are four basic functions
or stages of counseling, namely (1) building relationships, (2) identifying and assessing
problems, (3) facilitating therapeutic change, and (4) evaluation and termination.
Special psychology in the classroom context is learning psychology or learning
psychology. The focus is on aspects of learning activities, so that an effective learning
process can be created. Efforts to create an effective learning process can be done by
realizing effective teaching behavior in teachers, and realizing learning behavior in
students related to the learning process. We all know that psychology is closely related to
the learning process. Without The presence of psychology in the learning process will
result in the learning objectives not being achieved optimally and the learning process will
be ineffective. The important role of psychology in the learning process:
a. Understanding students as learners, including their development, character,
abilities, intelligence, motivation, interests, physicality, experience, personality,
etc.
b. Understand the principles and theories of learning.
c. Choose learning and teaching methods.
d. Setting learning and teaching goals.
e. Creating conducive learning and teaching situations.
f. Choose and set the content of the lesson
g. Helping students who have learning difficulties.
h. Assess learning and teaching results.
i. Understand and develop the personality and profession of teachers.
j. Guiding student development.
The knot
The role of psychology in learning is very important in order to realize appropriate
psychological actions in interactions between students and teachers. Psychological
knowledge about students is very important in education. Therefore, knowledge of
educational psychology should be a necessity for teachers, even for every person who
realizes himself as an educator. Thus, psychology is one of the main foundations of
education. Psychology and education are a unity that is very difficult to separate. The
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subject and object of education are humans, while psychology examines the psychological
symptoms of humans. In this way the two become an inseparable unit.
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analysis of school‐based universal interventions. Child development, 82(1), 405-
432.
MacDonald, D. (2004). Collaborating with students' spirituality. Professional
School Counseling, 293-300.
Moleong, Lexi J. 2004. Qualitative Research Methodology. Bandung: Dasakarya School
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Kember, D., & Gow, L. (1994). Orientations to teaching and their effect on the
quality of student learning. The Journal of Higher Education, 65(1), 58-74.
Shah, Muhibbin. 2010. Educational Psychology. Bandung: Rosdakarya Youth
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