IELTS Writing Journey

Dynamic chart
Xu hướng thay đổi qua thời gian:
- Fluctuate:
o The figure for … fluctuated in the range from … to …
- Increase/ decrease:
o A consistent rise/ fall = a progressive growth/ decline
o … to over … = to north of …/ … to under … = to south of …
Tăng rồi giữ nguyên: The figure for ... grew from … in … to … in … and
maintained at this level until …
Overview:
- Xu hướng: Overall, it is clear that … witnessed an upward trend,
(while the opposite was true for …)
o Nếu đều tăng/ giảm: Overall, A, B, and C showed an upward/
downward trend over the given period/ there was an increase/
decrease in A, B, and C, with A/B/C witnessing the most
dramatic rise/ decline.
- Điểm nổi bật: In addition/ Furthermore, … was seen/ recorded in …
- Note: Trong các dạng mà có các đường có xu hướng tăng nhưng
không ổn định trong quá trình -> Overall, despite some fluctuations,
… rồi áp dụng như trên.
Thân bài:
- … stood at … as opposed to/ in comparison with/ compared to that of
…
- At …, … (số lần) as much as that of …
- … stood at … (chênh lệch) higher than …
Nhiều mốc thời gian:
- Before/ After V-ing/ N in …, …
 - …, but later/then (it) …
- Despite …, this figure …
*The number/ proportion/ amount of … started at …, after which it
experienced a rise/growth/decline to … in …, before ending the period at …
- Ví dụ: The number of students studying abroad started at 0.4 million,
after which it experienced/ witnessed/ saw a dramatic rise to 1.4
million in 1985, before ending the period at 0.8 million.
*… (đưa số liệu lên đầu), with a subsequent increase/ decrease/ leveling
off/ fluctuation … and a final …
- Ví dụ: 0.4 million students studied abroad in 1970 in the US, with a
subsequent considerable/ significant rise to 1.4 million and a final
drop to 0.8 million.
* The figure for ( the number/ proportion/ amount of) … was at … (or
change …), followed by a minimal/ significant increase/ decrease to …
- Ví dụ: The number of students studying abroad increased
significantly from 0.4 million in 1970 to reach a peak of 1.4 million in
1985, followed by a drop to 0.8 million 15 years later.
* The figure for … + V, and/ but + V
- Ví dụ: The number of students studying abroad increased sharply
from 0.4 at the beginning of the period to reach a peak of 1.4 in 1985,
but later dropped to 0.8 in the last year of the period examined.
* The number/ amount/ proportion … + change, ending/ reaching a peak of
1.4 in 1985
- Ví dụ: The number of students studying abroad increased sharply,
reaching a peak of 1.4 in 1985, but it later dropped to 0.8 in the last
year of the period examined.
* Similar/ opposite changes can be seen in the figure(s) for …, which …
* The figure for … saw similar/ opposite changes, V-ing
* The figure for … + change, ending/ reaching …
* Similar changes, but to a lesser extent, can be seen in the figures for …,
which …
The number/ amount

Static chart
Overview:

- Mixed charts: Overall, the proportion/ amount/ number of … V-ing to

… (mục đích) was highest in both charts. In addition, the figure for
those who … to … (mục đích) was also significant, but this is the
least stated factor among …

Thân bài:
- …, and the figures for … and … were/ are lower, at … and …
respectively.
- … (đưa số liệu lên đầu), compared to/ as opposed to/ in comparison
to …
- … (far) exceeds that of … and …, with respective figures being …
and …
- … was …, which was …% higher than that of …
- … stood at …, (số lần) as many/ much as that of …
- At …, … (số lần) as many/ much as that of …
- … stood at …, (mức chênh lệch) higher than that of …
- … are more reliant on … than …
- … accounts for far less of the total … than …, and the figures are …,
and … respectively.
- … so sánh (twice, …) as much … as … (over the period, …)
- N + in … + is equal/ the same/ similar.
- The number/ proportion/ amount of … who … based in … is similar to
that of those who … for the same reason/ purpose/ selection, with
respective figures being … and …
- Similarities can also be seen in the proportion/ amount/ number of …
whose reason/ purpose/ selection for … is …, which is … for … and
… for …
 - Regarding categories with pronounced differences, while … of … was
reported to … for …, this is only the case for a mere … of …
- The proportion/ amount/ number of … who … for … (mục đích/
nguyên nhân; ví dụ: immigration) was …, which was almost … that of
their … counterparts.
- The proportion/ amount/ number of … (ví dụ: money used for food
and drink) in … is highest, accounting for … of …, and the figures for
… and … are lower, at … and … respectively.
- … accounts for … of … in …, từ chỉ gấp số lần – V-ing (ví dụ:
doubling) that of …
- The proportion/ amount/ number of … in … and … is almost the
same, at around …

Map
Từ vựng
- Từ vựng về các toà nhà, đường sá:
o Be built/ constructed
o Be converted (into something)
o Be replaced (by something)
o Be moved (to somewhere)
o Be demolished
o Be extended/ widened
o Be reopened
o Be joined
o Branch off
- Từ vựng về cây cối/ rừng:
o Be cut down/ chopped down/ cleared to make way for
o Be planted/ … be built at the expense of the green area
- Từ vựng tiện nghi:
o Be established/ developed
o Be expanded
o Be added
o Be opened up
Cater to (v): phục vụ cho, reserve for (v): không thay đổi thứ gì đó có mục
đích, adjacent (adj): liền nhau
Paraphrase: Countryside ~ rural area, shop ~ store, housing ~
accommodation/ housing area , car park ~ parking lot, dual carriageway ~
highway/ divided highway, bus station ~ bus stop, Pedestrians only ~
pedestrian precinct ~ pedestrian zone, shopping center ~ shopping mall
Yếu tố thay đổi rõ rệt:
- Cơ sở hạ tầng: Some new facilities were built
- Khu vực trong bản đồ rộng hơn: The location was expanded
- Nhiều nhà ở hơn: More housing was provided
- Nhiều cây xanh hơn: The location became more environmentally
friendly
Introduction: The pictures/ maps illustrate/ describe the changes that took
place between … and … in …
Overview

- Overall, while [phần giữ nguyên], [phần thay đổi] + has

seen/undergone + significant/major + changes, including + [cụm danh
từ tóm tắt thay đổi] (ở cụm danh từ tóm tắt thay đổi, sử dụng adj + N
thay vì một mệnh đề để đúng ngữ pháp và tối giản câu trả lời).
- Overall, [địa điểm chính] underwent [sự thay đổi lớn nhất:
improvement/modernization/expansion], mainly through [cách thay
đổi nổi bật], [tác động đến khu vực cụ thể hoặc tổng thể].
- Overall, the town underwent a number of dramatic changes, the most
important of which are the development/ expansion/ rearrangement of
…
-

Thân bài:

- Thêm vào: … was constructed/ built/ erected

- Tháo dỡ: … was demolished/ knocked down (to make way for …)
- Thay đổi: … was converted into/ turned into/ transformed into/
replaced by …
- Giữ nguyên: … remained/ no changes were made to ...
 - Xây lại: To be moved to/ to be reconstructed on to the … of/ (old)
redeveloped as a (new-bigger/ more modern)/ to be modernized
- Đất trống: Bare/ vacant/ open space

* The most important of which was …

* The … also saw a number of changes, with … being turned into …, and
… being converted into …

* …, which was accompanied by …

* … was constructed, replacing …

* There used to be a …, but it was then redeveloped into … (removed to

make way for …)

* There used to be a … in the … part, but it was then …

Map:

The pictures illustrate how the ground floor of an art gallery has
transformed over five years. Overall, while the block of rooms on the east
of the building has remained unchanged, the rest has undergone major
changes, including the installation of several modern facilities and the
repurposing of rooms to serve a wider range of functions.
In 2005, the hall was entered through a main entrance on the south of the
building, followed by a reception desk in front of the staircase at the back of
the floor. To the right of the entrance were three adjacent exhibition rooms:
Exhibition room 1, Exhibition room 2, and Exhibition room 3, with their sizes
decreasing in that order. The opposite side of the exhibiting area included
three more rooms, namely Exhibition room 4, which took up half the space
on the left side, the Gallery room, and a café near the stairs.
In the present day, while the main entrance is kept in the same place, the
receptionist has been moved to the middle of the hall, closer to the main
door. Moreover, the lift has been installed next to the stairs for convenience
at the end of the hall. The row of rooms on the left has been repurposed for
different uses and reduced in size to make way for the vending machine.
This newly added facility separated the gallery store from the temporary
exhibition room and area for children. As opposed to the left side of the
floor, the right-hand side has remained unchanged until now, whereas the
outside of the art gallery has been equipped with a ramp for wheelchairs, to
the left of the entrance.

Process
Introduction
- The picture/ process/ diagram demonstrates how … is produced from
…
- The picture/ process/ diagram demonstrates the steps involved in
producing … from …
Overview
- Overall, the process includes/ comprises … steps, which can be
categorized into … main stages, beginning with … (V-ing) and
concluding with … (V-ing)
- In general, the process takes … months/ days/ hours to complete,
starting with … (V-ing) and ending with … (V-ing)
Thân bài
- This is followed by a … stage where …
- At the following stage, …
- At the first stage of the process, … is … before being …
- The … is used to …, which is then …
- One the … is …, it is … using … After the … process, …
- Before V-ing/ S+V, S+V
- After …, S+V
- Once …, …. Before V-ing
- …, which is followed by …
- …, after which …
- …, and then …
- …, at which point …
- … in order to/ so that/ to ensure that …
Thân bài 1: At the beginning of the process, S+V, after which …

Thân bài 2: The process continues with …, at which point … Finally/ At the
final stage of the process …

Process:

The picture demonstrates the recycling procedure for manufacturing

various items from plastic bottles. Overall, the cycle consists of nine steps
categorized into three main phases, starting with collecting the bottles and
ending with the raw material being made into usable goods.
Regarding the first three steps, the trash is thrown by households into the
garbage cans, after which the truck delivers it to the recycling center. At the
center, a group of workers will manually sort the waste, and those that are
recyclable are then transported on the roller for further treatment.
Concerning the next four steps, once the filtered bottles are compressed
into rectangular prisms, they are crushed and then cleaned in a machine to
produce pellets made of plastic. In the following step, the pre-made pellets
are heated at high temperatures for the production of raw materials.
The final stage of the recycling process includes the raw materials being
distributed and manufactured for multiple clothing purposes, initiating the
start of a new cycle.