YÖKDİL / İNG İNGİLİZCE TESTİ 2024 SONBAHAR - FEN

Bu testte 80 soru vardır.

4. A black hole is an area in space with an ---- strong

1. - 20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere force called gravity, which pulls in everything that
uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz. gets close, even the light.

1. Throughout the course of history, development A) incredibly B) alternatively

of world trade routes rapidly increased the ---- of
epidemic diseases. C) abruptly D) accidentally

E) urgently
A) accuracy B) exclusion

C) spread D) acceptability

E) interest

5. Because forests ---- a large biomass of leaves,

they cause large quantities of water to evaporate
into the atmosphere, in a hydrologic process
called evapotranspiration.
2. ---- in technology have allowed ships to
travel faster, carry more cargo, and load with
greater ease, which made ports grow in size to A) prevent B) engage
accommodate today’s bigger and faster ships.
C) harvest D) sustain
A) Assertions B) Enhancements
E) target

C) Compliments D) Mishaps

E) Distributions

6. Some living things can ---- respiration without

3. In 1855, Italian seismologist Luigi Palmieri oxygen, but for most, an oxygen supply is
invented the first electric seismograph which essential.
was thought to be capable of routinely detecting
earthquakes ---- to human beings. A) call for B) set up

A) unrelated B) misleading C) pass on D) carry out

C) incompatible D) imperceptible E) turn down

E) unattainable

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7. Rainforests are very important because they help 10. A bacterial parasite that negatively affects fertility
clean the world’s air and water, but they ---- ---- Asian tiger mosquitoes has been used to
every day, ---- for land and wood. reduce the number of biting female insects by
more than 80 percent ---- two sites in Guangzhou,
A) have been shrinking / to be chopped down China.
A) with / across B) in / at
B) will shrink / having been chopped down
C) on / among D) to / towards
C) shrank / being chopped down
E) by / between
D) are shrinking / chopped down

E) shrink / to have been chopped down

8. Advancements in bionics ---- to fulfil the wish that

---- for in recent years: artificial organs literally
identical to the natural ones. 11. Science in the Enlightenment benefited ----
technology, both in the creation of new and more
A) will begin / is being searched precise scientific instruments and in the new
problems posed ---- new machinery.
B) have begun / has been searched
A) in / about B) for / on

C) began / is searched C) from / by D) to / through

D) begin / was being searched E) with / along

E) had begun / was searched

9. Besides making thermometers, Daniel Gabriel

Fahrenheit was the first to show that the boiling
point of liquids varies ---- différent atmospheric 12. Technology has increased human prosperity and
pressures, and he suggested this as a principle ---- well-being and will continue to do so ---- humans
the construction of barometers. are allowed to freely develop and deploy it.

A) across / through B) from /on A) in case B) as though

C) at / for D) in / by C) even if D) as long as

E) with / over E) just as

2 Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

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13. ---- the Earth’s surface is made of very different 17. ---- the tremendous information-carrying capacity
types of land and water, it absorbs the Sun’s heat of optical fibres, the performance of most
at different rates. communication systems is severely limited by the
speed of the electronics in signal regeneration.
A) Provided B) Since
A) Instead of B) Despite
C) As much as D) Until
C) Similar to D) Besides
E) Whether

E) As a result of

14. ---- our petroleum-based civilisation keeps burning

18. ---- running on a tank filled with gas or diesel,
fuel at current rates, it is projected that the is
projected that the concentration of carbon dioxide electric cars get their power by being plugged into
in the atmosphere will double the pre-industrial a socket and taking electricity from the grid.
levels by the year 2030.
A) Rather than B) Prior to
A) Although B) As far as
C) As a consequence of D) In accordance with
C) Whenever D) If

E) In order that E) Except for

19. When moving around tree tops, colobus monkeys

15. Educational technologies make scientific concepts
tend to walk along branches, ---- upright ---- on all
more accessible through multiple representations; four limbs, instead of swinging beneath them.
----, kinetic molecular theory may be easier for
students to understand if they can see and
manipulate representations of molecules operating
A) such / that B) as / as
under a variety of conditions.

A) for example B) nevertheless C) either / or D) the more / the more

C) by comparison D) meanwhile E) so / that

E) instead

16. ---- a fluorescent light bulb does not provide 20. Sugar cane is thought to have originated in
light through the continual heating of a metallic southern Asia, ---- it has been cultivated for at
filament, it consumes much less electricity than least 3,000 years.
the normal light bulb.

A) Even though B) In case A) which B) when

C) Because D) As if C) how D) where

E) So that E) why

3 Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

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23.
21. - 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada
numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya A) with the aim of B) as opposed to
ifadeyi bulunuz.
C) except for D) in the absence of
The classification of the natural world into a clear
hierarchy of groups of named and described organisms E) based on
is a foundation stone of the biological sciences. These
groupings help to make sense of life’s diversity,
(21) ---- scientists to compare and identify millions of
individual organisms. Modern taxonomy - the science
of identifying, naming, and classifying organisms -
began (22) ---- the Swedish naturalist, Carl Linnaeus.
He was the first to devise a systematic hierarchy,
(23)---- his wide-ranging and detailed study of physical
characteristics of plants and animals. He also 24.
pioneered a way of naming different organisms that A) Briefly B) However
is still in use today. (24) ----, the most influential of
early classifications was that of the Greek philosopher C) Accordingly D) In other words
Aristotle. In his History of Animals, he grouped similar
animals into broad genera, (25) ---- the species within E) Similarly
each group, and ranked them on a ladder of life.

21.
A) to be allowing B) to be allowed 25.
A) impacted B) nurtured
C) being allowed D) allowing
C) distinguished D) occupied
E) having been allowed
E) surpassed

22.

A) on B) with

C) off D) for

E) into

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28.
26. - 30. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada
numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya A) had been observing B) had observed
ifadeyi bulunuz.
C) has observed D) is going to observe
The earliest known ideas on the cause of volcanic
eruptions date to the Greek natural philosophers of the E) was observing
5th century BCE. Anaxagoras proposed that eruptions
were caused by great winds (26) ---- inside the Earth.
When these winds were forced (27) ---- narrow passages
or emerged from openings in the Earth’s crust, the friction
between the compressed air and the surrounding rocks
generated great heat, leading to melting of the rocks
and the formation of magma. To anyone who (28) ---- an
explosive volcanic eruption, this is a perfectly logical idea,
one that in fact was taken up and passed on by scholars 29.
until the Middle Ages. (29) ----, Aristotle discussed the A) Therefore B) Likewise
origin of earthquakes, attributing the same or similar
origin for volcanic eruptions. (30) ---- Aristotle, the Earth
C) Nevertheless D) Eventually
possesses its own internal fire, which generates wind
inside the Earth by acting on trapped air and moisture,
E) In short
leading to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

26.
A) facilitated B) eliminated

C) prohibited D) demanded

E) stored 30.
A) As opposed to B) According to

C) Along with D) Except for

E) Similar to

27.
A) over B) for

C) about D) through

E) with

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33. Because the skin is more sensitive to sunlight

31. - 41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde after the use of products containing beta hydroxy
tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. acids for acne treatment, ----.

A) skin breakouts are reduced by preventing the
build-up of dead skin cells associated with acne
31. ----, so that by the time the wildfire reaches the formation
burnt ground or forest, there is no more fuel to
B) users should apply sunscreens and avoid
feed the fire.
prolonged sun exposure to prevent skin damage

A) The practice of fighting fire with fire is an unusual C) systemic side effects do not occur as they
and unexpected method which is used by sometimes do with oral antibiotics
firefighters
D) the products should be applied once or twice a
B) To stop the spread of a fire, firefighters create a day to get better results
controlled fire to consume the vegetation in an
area ahead of a spreading wildfire E) the effective prevention of acne eruptions and
C) Flamethrowers, which were originally used as smoothing of the skin can be achieved
weapons of war, can be one of the best tools for
stopping a fire from spreading
D) There are multiple fire suppression methods that
firefighters make use of while extinguishing a fire
E) A portable battery is essential for a flamethrower,
which is used to ignite controlled fires

34. Although from an astrophysical point of view solar

eclipses are insignificant, ----.

A) the problem is that close to the Sun, seeing any

32. While e-bikes and e-scooters offer a great way to
stars at all is impossible due to its bright light
get around a city, ----.
B) they give astronomers a special opportunity to see
A) the wattage of the e-bike battery can be doubled things that are usually outshone by the light of the
by switching to a higher-voltage system Sun
C) little attention has been paid to them since 1919
B) the reason for the difficulty in extinguishing e-bike
when a total eclipse occurred
battery fires is the underlying electrochemical
reactions D) they should be observed indirectly with a pinhole
C) their batteries can cause extremely dangerous camera or using approved protective goggles
fires that can quickly spread out of control if they
E) they are the result of the Sun being completely
become faulty
blocked out by the Moon at certain times
D) most high-end e-bikes feature a battery
management system to prevent the battery from
being over-charged
E) batteries of commercial use e-bikes are all based
on lithium-ion technology

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35. ----, but quantum computers can exploit the 37. Advances in airplane engine performance have
unusual properties of quantum physics to speed historically taken place in military development;
up some calculations. ----.

A) by contrast, the cost is a secondary consideration

A) Modern encryption algorithms are derived from compared to the military performance of the
mathematical problems deemed too hard to be aircraft
cracked in a reasonable time
B) in fact, the core of every engine model currently
B) The efficacy of an algorithm is dependent on the used on commercial aircraft had its beginning as a
number of steps a computer must take to execute military engine
the algorithm
C) at least, new models are taken to the edge of
C) Today, quantum computers are accurate enough their performance by testing them under the most
to hack into personal computers in a practical extreme weather conditions
timescale
D) therefore, the purpose of testing is to certify that
D) A group of researchers has claimed that quantum any new airplane will safely carry passengers and
computers can now crack the encryption we use is airworthy
to protect e-mails and other sensitive data
E) instead, military requirements diverging too far
E) There is immense interest in the processing power from commercial interests led to a jet development
that quantum computers require to crack today’s centre supported by the government
encryption

38. Penguins have unusual and distinct

36. ----, although there were a few private teaching characteristics, and their relationship to other
positions available and a little money could be orders of birds is not fully understood; ----.
made from books.

A) During the 18th century, there were no institutions A) on the other hand, they are physically adapted to
that financially supported scientists life in cold, marine conditions

B) The exchange of scientific information between B) however, group living provides better care for their
nations increased considerably in the 19th century young and protection against the cold
C) The 19th century was when science and the C) in fact, scientists dispute whether penguins should
teaching of science underwent a number of have their own subclass
changes
D) for instance, most species of penguin breed in
D) The idea that science would ultimately explain all Antarctica and on the islands near that continent
phenomena in nature became stronger towards
the end of the 18th century E) in addition, many species look similar, generally
E) Science teaching in the 19th-century England was dark-blue or dark-gray on top with a white belly
more advanced in technical schools than at the
University of Oxford

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39. Planting forests to absorb more carbon dioxide is 41. ----, they learned how to fuel fires with bone when
seen as key in slowing climate change, ----. wood was found to be scarce in open landscapes.

A) rather scientists would attempt to uncover the A) Although people mostly used wood for the early
major causes of erosions and earthquakes fires that they started

B) yet human activity and environmental health are B) As if people knew how to make use of fire to make
connected to each other glass from sand and soda

C) but new research finds that the impact of new C) Supposing that fire has many uses other than
trees seems to be lower than expected keeping people warm and cooking

D) so there is not much to be said about the D) Since the early deposits of charcoal are likely
importance of new findings in forestry caused by natural fires started by lightning

E) and the links between global warming and climate E) As long as people learned how to start a fire all by
change are yet to be defined themselves

42. - 47. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye

anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.

42. Technological advances are generally

accompanied by risks which raise important
ethical issues that need to be dealt with by the
societies that produce these technologies.
40. Elephants use their six-foot-long tusks to dig wells
in search of water, lift objects, remove bark off A) Genellikle önemli ahlaki sorunları gündeme
trees, and even battle lions; ----. getiren risklerle beraber ortaya çıkan teknolojik
gelişmeler, bu teknolojileri üreten toplumlar
tarafından ele alınmalıdır.
A) on the other hand, a significant number of African
elephants were once heavily poached for their B) Teknolojik gelişmeler, genellikle bu teknolojileri
tusks üreten toplumlar tarafından ele alınması gereken
önemli ahlaki sorunları gündeme getiren riskleri
B) that is, tusks may have developed alongside the
beraberinde getirir.
trunk, which contains thousands of individual
muscles C) Teknolojik gelişmelerin beraberinde getirdiği
riskler, genellikle bu teknolojileri üreten toplumların
C) in other words, they are not just majestic to look at
ele alması gereken önemli ahlaki sorunları
but are highly useful tools
gündeme getirir.
D) in fact, mothers in some herds have passed down D) Önemli ahlaki sorunları gündeme getiren risklerle
a gene that weakens the tusk beraber ortaya çıktıkları için teknolojik gelişmelerin
genellikle bu teknolojileri üreten toplumlar
E) conversely, the loss of tusks might affect these tarafından ele alınması gerekir.
giant mammals’ overall survival
E) Teknolojik gelişmeler, genellikle bu teknolojileri
üreten ve önemli ahlaki sorunları gündeme getiren
toplumlar tarafından ele alınması gereken riskleri
beraberinde getirir.

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44. Although ozone in the stratosphere forms a

43. The fact that the increase in the levels of
protective shield against ultraviolet radiation, it is
greenhouse gases has occurred at the same time
harmful in the lower levels of atmosphere because
as the increase in the mean global temperature
it irritates the respiratory system.
strengthens the idea that global warming will
become a more serious concern in the future. A) Ozon stratosferde ultraviyole ışınlara karşı
koruyucu bir kalkan oluştururken atmosferin
A) Sera gazı seviyelerindeki artış ortalama küresel daha alt seviyelerinde zararlıdır çünkü solunum
sıcaklıktaki artışla aynı zamanda gerçekleştiği için sistemini tahriş eder.
gelecekte küresel ısınmanın daha ciddi bir mesele
hâline geleceği düşüncesi güçlenmiştir. B) Ozon stratosferde ultraviyole ışınlara karşı
koruyucu bir kalkan oluştursa da zararlı olan
B) Ortalama küresel sıcaklıktaki artışla aynı zamanda atmosferin daha alt seviyelerindeki ozondur çünkü
gerçekleşen sera gazı seviyelerindeki yükselme, solunum sistemini tahriş eder.
gelecekte küresel ısınmanın daha ciddi bir mesele C) Stratosferdeki ozon ultraviyole ışınlara karşı
hâline geleceği düşüncesini güçlendirmiştir. koruyucu bir kalkan oluştursa da atmosferin daha
C) Küresel ısınmanın gelecekte daha ciddi bir alt seviyelerinde solunum sistemini tahriş ettiği için
mesele hâline geleceği düşüncesi sera gazı zararlıdır.
seviyelerindeki ve ortalama küresel sıcaklıktaki D) Ozonun stratosferdeki ultraviyole ışınlara karşı
artışın aynı zamanda gerçekleşmesi ile koruyucu bir kalkan oluşturmasına rağmen
güçlenmiştir. atmosferin daha alt seviyelerinde zararlı olmasının
sebebi solunum sistemini tahriş etmesidir.
D) Sera gazı seviyelerindeki artışın ortalama küresel
sıcaklıktaki artışla aynı zamanda gerçekleşmesine E) Stratosferdeki ultraviyole ışınlara karşı koruyucu
bağlı olarak gelecekte küresel ısınmanın daha bir kalkan oluşturan ozon, atmosferin daha alt
ciddi bir mesele hâline geleceği düşüncesi seviyelerinde zararlı olduğu için solunum sistemini
güçlenmektedir. tahriş eder.

E) Sera gazı seviyelerindeki artışın ortalama küresel

sıcaklıktaki artışla aynı zamanda gerçekleşmesi,
küresel ısınmanın gelecekte daha ciddi bir mesele
hâline geleceği düşüncesini güçlendirmektedir.

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45. Video streaming is a major cause of rising energy 46. The term ‘invasive species’ should be used only
use in that carbon emissions generated by when referring to new species that are spreading
watching 30 minutes of a video are the same as rapidly and having a large negative impact on
driving almost four kilometres. the environment, economic activities, or human
health.

A) 30 dakikalık bir video izleme ile salınan karbonun, A) ‘İşgalci tür’ terimi sadece hızla yayılan ve çevreye,
neredeyse dört kilometre araba kullanma ile ekonomik faaliyetlere ya da insan sağlığına büyük
salınan karbona eşit olması çevrim içi video bir olumsuz etkisi olan yeni türlerden bahsederken
izlemeyi artan enerji tüketiminin önemli bir nedeni kullanılmalıdır.
yapmaktadır. B) ‘İşgalci tür’ terimi sadece hızla yayılan değil aynı
zamanda çevreye, ekonomik faaliyetlere ya da
B) 30 dakikalık bir video izleme ile ortaya çıkan insan sağlığına büyük bir olumsuz etkisi olan yeni
karbon salınımı neredeyse dört kilometre türlerden bahsederken de kullanılmalıdır.
araba kullanma ile aynı olduğundan çevrim içi C) Sadece çevreye, ekonomik faaliyetlere ya da
video izleme artan enerji tüketiminin önemli bir insan sağlığına büyük bir olumsuz etkisi olan yeni
nedenidir. türler için kullanılan ‘işgalci tür’ terimi, hızla yayılan
türlerden bahsederken de kullanılmalıdır.
C) Artan enerji tüketiminin önemli nedenlerinden D) Çevreye, ekonomik faaliyetlere ya da insan
biri çevrim içi video izlemektir öyle ki ortaya sağlığına büyük bir olumsuz etkisi olan yeni türler
çıkan karbon salınımı açısından 30 dakikalık bir için kullanılan ‘işgalci tür’ terimi, sadece hızla
video izlemek ve dört kilometre araba kullanmak yayılan türlerden bahsederken kullanılmalıdır.
neredeyse aynıdır. E) ‘İşgalci tür’ terimi çevreye, ekonomik faaliyetlere
ya da insan sağlığına büyük bir olumsuz etkisi
D) Çevrim içi video izlemek enerji tüketimini oldukça olan yeni türler yerine sadece hızla yayılan
artırmaktadır ki bu da 30 dakikalık bir video izleme türlerden bahsederken kullanılmalıdır.
ile salınan karbonun yaklaşık dört kilometre araba
kullanma ile salınan karbona eşit olması demektir. 47. According to a proposal made by the European
Commission, sustainable aviation fuels would
E) Çevrim içi video izleme enerji tüketiminin consist of biofuels derived from waste as well as
artmasının önemli bir nedenidir öyle ki 30 synthetic fuels produced using renewable energy
dakikalık bir video izlendiğinde ortaya çıkan in the near future.
karbon salınımı neredeyse dört kilometre araba A) Avrupa Komisyonu tarafından yapılan bir öneriye
kullanma ile aynıdır. göre, havacılık yakıtlarının sürdürülebilir olanları
çok yakın bir zamanda yenilenebilir enerji
kullanılarak atıklardan üretilen sentetik yakıtlar
kadar biyoyakıtlardan da oluşacaktır.
B) Avrupa Komisyonu’na yapılan bir öneriye
göre, yakın gelecekte sürdürülebilir havacılık
yakıtları atıklardan elde edilecek biyoyakıtlar ve
yenilenebilir enerji kullanımıyla üretilebilecek
sentetik yakıtlar olacaktır.
C) Avrupa Komisyonu’nun yaptığı bir öneriye göre,
havacılık yakıtlarından sürdürülebilir olanlar yakın
gelecekte atıklardan elde edilen biyoyakıtlara ek
olarak yenilenebilir enerji kullanımıyla üretilen
sentetik yakıtları da kapsayacaktır.
D) Avrupa Komisyonu’nun yaptığı bir öneriye göre,
çok yakında yenilenebilir enerjiyle üretilen sentetik
yakıtlar ve atıklardan elde edilen biyoyakıtlar
sürdürülebilir havacılık yakıtlarını oluşturacaktır.

E) Avrupa Komisyonu tarafından yapılan bir öneriye

göre, sürdürülebilir havacılık yakıtları yakın
gelecekte yenilenebilir enerji kullanarak üretilen
sentetik yakıtların yanı sıra atıklardan elde edilen
biyoyakıtlardan da oluşacaktır.

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50. Gen terapisi, hastalıkları tedavi etmede devrim

48. - 53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye niteliğinde bir yaklaşım olarak umut vaat etse de
anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. kullanımı ve muhtemel sonuçlarıyla ilgili etik kaygılar
dile getirilmiştir.
A) Despite the revolutionary approach of gene
48. 18. yüzyılın başında görüş mesafesinden uzakta
therapy for disease treatment, ethical concerns
herhangi biriyle iletişim kurmanın tek yolu elle bir
about its use and ramifications have been voiced.
mektup yazmak ve onun bir haberci tarafından
götürülmesini ayarlamaktı. B) Gene therapy offers a potentially revolutionary
A) At the beginning of the 18th century, the only way approach to treating diseases, yet it has
to communicate with anyone farther away than raised ethical concerns regarding its use and
the line of sight was to write a letter by hand and ramifications.
arrange to have it carried by a messenger. C) While gene therapy holds promise as a
B) In the early 18th century, communicating with revolutionary approach to treating diseases,
anyone farther away than the line of sight was ethical concerns over its use and ramifications
only possible via a letter written by hand and an have been expressed.
arrangement to have it carried by a messenger. D) Although gene therapy shows potential as a
C) During the early 18th century, in order to revolutionary approach to disease treatment, there
communicate with anyone farther away than the are ethical concerns about its application and
line of sight, one could only write a letter by hand ramifications.
and arrange to have it carried by a messenger. E) Despite the fact that gene therapy presents a
D) Writing a letter by hand and arranging to have it revolutionary approach to treating diseases,
carried by a messenger was the only way to its use and ramifications have raised ethical
communicate with anyone farther away than the questions.
line of sight at the beginning of the 18th century.
E) At the beginning of the 18th century, writing a
letter by hand and arranging a messenger to carry 51. Tüm dünyada, bilim insanları felç ve kalp
it was the only way to communicate with anyone hastalıklarından şeker hastalığı ve kansere
farther away than the line of sight. kadar her şeyi tedavi etmek için kök hücreleri
kullanmanın yollarını araştırıyorlar.
49. Bir yazılım programı tarafından, yaygın olarak A) Throughout the world, scientists are researching
bulunan kimyasal atıkları bir dizi ilaç ve gübreye ways that can cure anything from paralysis and
dönüştürmenin 300’den fazla yöntemi belirlendi. heart disorders to diabetes and cancer by the use
of stem cells.
A) It has been identified by a software programme B) Stem cells are used by scientists all around the
that there are more than 300 ways through which world who are researching ways to cure illnesses
widely available chemical waste can be converted such as paralysis, heart disorders, diabetes and
into a range of drugs and fertilisers. cancer.
B) A software programme has identified over 300
ways of converting widely available chemical C) Throughout the world, scientists are researching
waste into a range of drugs and fertilisers. ways to use stem cells to cure anything from
paralysis and heart disorders to diabetes and
C) More than 300 ways to convert widely available cancer.
chemical waste into a range of drugs and
D) Researching ways to use stem cells, scientists
fertilisers have been identified by a software
all around the world are trying to cure anything
programme.
from paralysis and heart disorders to diabetes and
D) By using a software programme, it is possible to cancer.
identify more than 300 ways of converting widely
available chemical waste into a range of drugs E) Scientists all around the world are researching
and fertilisers. ways stem cells can cure anything from paralysis
E) Widely available chemical waste is converted into and heart disorders to diabetes and cancer.
a variety of drugs and fertilisers by a software
programme which identified more than 300 ways
to do it.

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52. İzlanda, veri merkezlerini çalıştırmak ya da yurt 54 - 59. sorularda, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü
dışına satılan ürünleri üretmek için yenilenebilir sağlamak için boş bırakılan yerlere getirilebilecek
elektrik kullanarak yeşil ekonomisini dünyanın geri cümleyi bulunuz.
kalanına etkin bir şekilde ihraç etmektedir.
54. A commonly noted pattern in aviation accidents is that
A) By using renewable electricity to run data centres there is rarely only a single reason for the accident.
or produce products that are sold abroad, Iceland Experienced pilots refer to the events leading up to
is effectively exporting its green economy to the an accident as an error chain. Individual links of the
rest of the world. chain, when combined, cause an accident to happen.
B) The use of renewable electricity to run data For instance, bad weather alone might not cause an
centres or produce products that are sold abroad accident, but bad weather combined with darkness
makes Iceland a country which is effectively and the fact that the pilot became lost might. The error
exporting its green economy to the rest of the chain is weather, darkness, and becoming lost. ---- In
world. other words, if one link of the chain were broken, the
C) As a country effectively exporting its green accident would not happen.
economy to the rest of the world, Iceland uses A) The vast majority of aviation accidents result from
renewable electricity to run data centres or human-factor errors.
produce products that are sold abroad.
B) Anyone with a role in launching an aircraft can
D) Iceland effectively runs data centres or produces make mistakes that may cause an accident.
products that are sold abroad to export its
green economy to the rest of the world by using C) The key to accident investigation, then, is to
renewable electricity. determine the error chain leading up to the event.
E) Using renewable electricity, Iceland effectively D) The elimination of any one of these factors can
exports its green economy to the rest of the world possibly prevent the mishap.
by running data centres or producing products that
E) Accident investigators can study each link of the
are sold abroad.
chain and report their findings.

53. Çok yaşlı çam ağaçlarının bükülmüş ve bozulmuş 55. Any process that involves a chemical reaction
şekilleri, 600 yıldan fazla yaşamalarını mümkün involves change. Sometimes the change occurs on
kılan strese olağanüstü bir uyum sağlama its own. Such a process is called spontaneous. If a
becerisinin belirtisi olabilir. change does not occur on its own, it is called non-
spontaneous. A spontaneous change may not occur
immediately. For example, if a barrel of fuel is left
A) The twisted and deformed shapes of very old pine
alone, it will remain as fuel indefinitely. However,
trees may be a sign of an exceptional ability to
if a match is used to ignite the fuel, it will burn
adapt to stress that has enabled them to live for
spontaneously until all the reactants like air and fuel
more than 600 years.
are completely consumed. ---- However, once started, it
B) As a sign of an exceptional ability to adapt to proceeds without assistance.
stress, very old pine trees twisted and deformed A) In this instance, the spontaneous process requires
their shapes, which has enabled them to live for a small amount of energy to be added to the
more than 600 years. system before a much larger amount of energy
C) The twisted and deformed shapes of very old pine can be released.
trees may be a sign that these trees have lived for B) If an acid is being mixed with a base, any water
more than 600 years thanks to an exceptional used to dissolve them and the beaker in which
ability to adapt to stress. they are all held are considered the system.
D) The twisted and deformed shapes of very old pine C) There are two factors as energy and disorder
trees have enabled them to live for more than whose combination determines whether a process
600 years, which may be a sign of an exceptional occurs spontaneously or not.
ability to adapt to stress.
D) In most chemical reactions, chemical energy is
E) In order to live for more than 600 years, very old converted to some other, more useful form of
pine trees may have twisted and deformed their energy such as converting chemical energy to
shapes, which may be a sign of an exceptional electrical energy.
ability to adapt to stress.
E) Energy is a state function and there are a number
of different forms of energy, which is the ability to
do various useful works.

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56. The digital divide refers to the gap between those

who can effectively make use of information and 58. In the first half of the 19th century, chemists gradually
computing technologies (ICTs) and those who cannot. isolated more elements, and it became clear that
The term is a social construction emerged in the certain groups of elements had similar properties. For
latter half of the 1990s, after the Internet came into example, sodium and potassium are both silvery solids
the public domain and the World Wide Web exploded. (alkali metals) that react violently with water, liberating
For those who can both contribute and retrieve hydrogen gas. ---- Similarly, the halogen elements
information from the Web, ICTS hold the promise chlorine and bromine are both pungent, poisonous
of broad collaborations in science and technology. oxidising agents, even though chlorine is a gas and
Sadly, there are still people who have limited access bromine a liquid. John Newlands noticed that when
to the Internet. ---- Like access to food or clean water, the known elements were listed in order of increasing
access to essential information has moral and ethical atomic weight, similar elements occurred every eighth
implications that merit consideration in the formation place.
of public policy. A) In fact, they are so similar that, when first
discovered, the two elements could not be
A) While information poverty is rarely blamed as a direct
differentiated from one another.
cause of human suffering, the digital divide raises
ethical questions of universal access. B) The elements, if arranged according to their
B) The digital divide is a problem of multiple dimensions atomic weight, exhibit an apparent periodicity of
which is summarised from a technical aspect referring properties.
to availability of the software of ICTs. C) The first attempt at classifying elements was
C) A high concentration of access to ICTs is observed made around the same period.
in places where technology is advanced and widely D) By 1828, Johann Döbereiner had found that some
used. elements formed groups of three with related
D) Including the excluded people in the empowerment properties.
is the most effective approach to harnessing E) The discovery of these missing elements suggests
technologies in the interests of the poor. that the periodic table reveals important features
E) The divide may never be fully closed, but a bridge of the structure of the atom.
can be built by active participants from both sides.
59. Although the thermometer may indicate a temperature
57. The year 1543 was marked by the publication of two only a few degrees below freezing point, wind can
books that revolutionised our view of humanity and make it feel much colder. The chill factor or cold index -
the Universe. The more celebrated of the two, Nicolaus often now incorporated into ‘feels like’ temperatures on
Copernicus’s De revolutionibus orbium caelestium, weather forecasts - occurs because our bodies usually
was actually completed in the 1530s, but Copernicus heat the air around us, producing a layer of insulation.
was reluctant to publish for fear of reprisals from the -----During a storm, -20°C may thereby be just as
church. The other book from 1543 that changed the dangerous as -40°C in calm weather. Staying dry is
world was De humani corporis fabrica by Andreas also important, as the body will cool much faster when
Vesalius. Unlike Copernicus, Vesalius decided to clothes are wet, or if your body is wet from perspiration
publish when he was a young man, not quite 30. ---- underneath the clothes.
After Vesalius published his book, many accusations
were directed against him by physicians loyal to older
ideas. A) There is a lower limit to temperatures our bodies
can tolerate even when wrapped in clothes.
A) However, Copernicus might have had the right B) But if this layer is blown away by the wind, we will
idea about keeping new ideas quiet. cool faster, so the skin gets colder.
B) Vesalius spent the rest of his life as a court C) Confusion occurs when we step outside and
physician, doing almost no more research. notice it is much lower than announced by the
weather forecaster.
C) As Copernicus neared death, he was finally D) If naked skin is subjected to temperatures below
persuaded to publish by the mathematician -60°C, it will immediately freeze.
Rheticus.
E) Even with a thick layer of clothing, areas around
D) Thus, De humani corporis fabrica is an important the eyes and nose will be under risk of severe
book with exceptional illustrations. frostbite.
E) It encouraged the publication of many more books
in line with Vesalius’s ideas.

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63. (I) Noctilucent, or night-shining clouds are ice-sheet

60. - 65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla clouds that form around 82 km up in the mesosphere,
okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü roughly seven times higher than regular clouds.
bozan cümleyi bulunuz. (II) At such heights, they are still bathed in sunlight
when the Sun is below the horizon for us on the ground
60. (I) When we think about planets, we usually picture the and appear to shine in the deep summer twilight.
eight worlds of our Solar System silently orbiting the (III) Typically, they can be seen at low altitudes above
central star. (II) Yet, in recent years astronomers have the northwest horizon, 90 to 120 minutes after sunset.
uncovered an increasingly large population of a very (IV) Such a big display basically keeps position with the
different kind of planet. (III) These are free-floating Sun as it moves below the horizon. (V) Although clouds
planets that no longer orbit a star at all. (IV) Many may sound like a strange thing to be looking out for in
rogue planets are found through their gravitational astronomy, nothing should be underestimated when
influence thanks to a technique called microlensing. science is concerned.
(V) Originally they orbited a star, but then something
happened and they were forced to leave. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
64. (I) Many amphibians lay eggs that hatch out into
larvae that do not look like the adults. (II) The process
of changing from a larva into an adult is known as
metamorphosis and usually takes about 12 weeks.
(III) Some female salamanders and frogs lay their
61. (I) Scientific and technological advances have both eggs on land or keep the eggs in their bodies.
substantive and procedural effects on the law. (II) On (IV) Amphibians were the first vertebrates (animals
the initial side, new scientific evidence and techniques with backbones) to develop limbs, emerge from water,
can change the way legal claims are resolved, and live at least part of their lives on land. (V) In these
including their outcomes. (III) For example, forensic cases, the eggs hatch out as tiny versions of their
DNA evidence has fundamentally changed criminal parents.
law and paternity disputes by greatly improving the
accuracy of legal fact finding, while creating a plethora
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
of new legal, ethical, and social issues. (IV) In criminal
cases, it has helped identify and convict guilty people
who might have otherwise escaped prosecution.
(V) The practice of law has historically been influenced
by new technologies, including the printing press,
telephone, photocopier, and fax.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 65. (I) When a computer or a robot solves a problem or

uses language, it may seem to be intelligent; however,
this type of intelligence is different from human
intelligence and it is called artificial intelligence.
(II) Computers use programmes developed by people
to analyse large amounts of information quickly,
62. (I) Earth’s water is stored in many forms, including and then they pick answers or actions from among
oceans, rivers, lakes, glaciers, groundwater, and the many choices. (III) Computer programmes can be
atmosphere. (II) Water is constantly transferred in used for playing games, making medical decisions,
different states whether in liquid, solid or gaseous and translating languages. (IV) Computers can use
form. (III) Life on Earth would not be possible without logic, or the relationships among facts, to figure out
the presence of water. (IV) The water cycle begins problems while humans use many skills besides logic
when the Sun’s heat makes water evaporate into the when making decisions. (V) They use such things as
atmosphere, where it becomes clouds, dew, or fog. imagination, awareness, emotion, and values.
(V) Water that has been evaporated falls back down
to Earth’s surface as rain or snow, then streams and A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
rivers carry it to lakes or the sea, where it eventually
evaporates and the whole cycle begins again.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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67. One can understand from the passage that the

66. - 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre intelligence that corvids have ----
cevaplayınız.
A) seems to develop more in time due to their
Crows can recognise themselves in mirrors, use tools reasoning capacities functioning well compared to
and plan for the future, all cognitive abilities more that of others
similar to those seen in primates than those of most B) could be seen in a specific member of the corvid
other birds. Felix Ströckens at the Ruhr University family excluding the crows killed for food or pest
and his colleagues analysed the brains of common control
ostriches, brown warren chickens, racing homer
C) is one of the most easily detected abilities they
pigeons and three members of the corvid family:
have as it can be seen and observed everywhere
carrion crows, hooded crows, and rooks. These are
the animals that had either been killed for food or pest D) may be related to them having an unusually high
control. The researchers were able to analyse the number of brain cells involved in processing
nuclei of the birds’ brain cells using a method called information
isotropic fractionation. This allowed them to categorise
the types of cells present in each brain and estimate E) is relatively equal to that of common ostriches,
how many there were of each. The team found that brown warren chickens, and racing homer pigeons
corvids had the highest number of interneurons, small
cells that pass on local signals and are involved in
cognitive processing. These cells process information
received from sensory neurons and send inputs to
motor neurons. They are involved in tasks such as
decision making, future planning and risk assessment.
“If we think about the neuron as the main processing
unit of the brain, we can assume that a higher number
of neurons equals more processing power,” says
Ströckens. But it is not enough to explain why crows
have stronger cognitive abilities than most birds, he
adds.

68. Which of the following statements is true

66. According to the passage, crows ----. according to the passage?

A) have the ability to reflect on previous events but A) The researchers performed an analysis of the
do not have an understanding of the future nuclei of the birds’ brain cells to help control pests.
B) Sensory neurons process information and tasks
B) are diminishing in number because of the mass are performed through cognitive processing.
killings for pest control
C) The isotropic fractionation method helped explain
C) are substantially similar to most other birds in why crows have a higher number of brain cells
terms of the cognitive abilities they have compared to other birds.
D) The study found that small cells that pass on local
D) have been studied because their resemblance to signals are used most when a risk is posed.
other species makes it hard to classify them E) Risk calculation and contemplating the future are
among the examples of reasoning that corvids
E) have cognitive skills which are similar in some exhibit.
ways to thinking abilities of primates

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70. Which of the following is true about the grafting of

69. - 71. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre monocots?
cevaplayınız.
A) Vascular cambium is a tissue that triggers growth
in all grasses like wheat and oats and in crops like
Grafting, where the root of one plant is attached to
bananas and date palms.
the shoot of another, has been used in agriculture for
thousands of years to improve the growth of plants
such as apples and citrus trees and to eradicate B) Embryonic tissue extraction is possible provided
diseases. But this technique was not thought to work that the tissue concerned is vascular cambium.
for a major group of plants: the monocotyledons (or
monocots). This category includes all grasses like C) The researchers’ studies indicated that grafting
wheat and oats, as well as other high-value crops like can work not only in the same species but also
bananas and date palms. These species lack a tissue between species.
called vascular cambium, which helps grafts heal and
fuse in many other plants. Now, Julian Hibberd at
D) The technique could be especially useful for
the University of Cambridge and his colleagues have
combatting disease in vulnerable species which
found an approach that allows monocots to be grafted.
face extinction.
They extracted a form of embryonic tissue from inside
a monocot plant seed and applied it to the potential
graft site between two monocot specimens belonging E) The scientists confirmed plant growth occurred
to the same species, for instance, wheat. The tissue as the transportation of liquids and nutrients was
stimulated growth and fused the two plant halves observed within the stem.
together. The researchers used fluorescent dyes to
verify that the root and shoots had joined and could
transport liquids and nutrients up and down the stem.
“I have written on the record that I thought it was near
impossible. So, as a science breakthrough, it’s pretty
amazing,” says Colin Turnbull at Imperial College
London.

71. What is the passage mainly about?

69. According to the passage, the method of grafting
was believed not to work efficiently for monocots
because ----. A) The grafting technique which is preferable for
stimulating plant growth effectively
A) they are high-value and vulnerable crops like
bananas B) Grafting and its history as the most well-known
plant growing technique
B) the diseases they have could not be eradicated
until now
C) The species which require grafting the most in
C) they have been the world’s most endangered order to thrive
crops
D) Making grafting possible for a specific plant
D) they lack the necessary roots and shoots for
species on which it was previously believed not to
grafting
work
E) they do not have the tissue of vascular cambium
E) Factors contributing to successful plant growth
subsequent to grafting

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73. It is clear in the passage that the chemical

72. - 74. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre precipitation process ----.
cevaplayınız.
A) decreases toxicity levels faster than biological
processes
Water pollution control methods can be subdivided
into three treatment systems. Physical treatment
systems rely on physical processes such as screening, B) is among the most preferred chemical methods for
filtration, and sedimentation to aid in the removal of water pollution control
pollutants. Screening and filtration are similar methods
used to separate coarse solids from water. Suspended C) includes the use of heavy chemicals that may
particles are also removed from water with the use harm underwater species
of sedimentation processes. Just as in air pollution
control, sedimentation devices exploit gravity to remove
D) requires specific microorganisms to be effective
the heavier particles from the water stream. Chemical
treatment systems, on the other hand, are those which
utilise chemical reactions to remove water pollutants E) is particularly efficient in removing heavy metals
or to form other, less toxic compounds. Chemical
precipitation, for example, is one of the most commonly
used chemical treatment processes. It utilises the
addition of chemicals to the water in order to bring about
the precipitation of dissolved solids. A physical process
such as sedimentation or filtration is then required to
remove the solid. Lastly, biological water pollution control
methods are used for the control of biodegradable
organic chemicals, as well as nutrients such as nitrogen
and phosphorus. In these systems, microorganisms
consisting mainly of bacteria turn carbonaceous matter
into gas. There are two main groups of microorganisms
used in biological treatment; aerobic and anaerobic
microorganisms, each of which requires special climatic
settings to work effectively.

72. According to the passage, one mutual method 74. According to the passage aerobic and anaerobic
used in air and water pollution control systems is microorganisms ----.
to ----.
A) separate pollutants into sub-categories before the A) are solely used for the removal of phosphorus
process starts from water streams

B) decrease toxicity levels with chemical reactions B) selectively destroy disease-causing organisms in
water

C) mix a variety of solutions to absorb pollutant

C) do not work as efficiently on nitrogen as they do
agents
on biodegradable organic chemicals

D) utilise gravity to remove particular pollutants

D) rely on environmental conditions to function in an
efficient way
E) convert carbon-containing matter into gas
E) may be as harmful to the environment as some
toxic chemicals are

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76. According to the passage, which of the following

75. - 77. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
is true about DOMS?
cevaplayınız.

A) It creates a burning sensation right after the

Muscles, bones, and connective tissues grow stronger exercise and disappears quickly.
by sustaining damage. Skeletal muscle in particular
responds to unfamiliar exercise with a measure of
harm. Unlike other muscle tissues like the cardiac B) It is not experienced by people who do certain
muscle, it is made up of long, thin fibres that are kinds of exercise.
composed of several different proteins. These
proteins interlock inside fibrous compartments called C) It results in an irreversible damage done to muscle
sarcomeres. Sarcomeres can stretch, but only so far. tissue.
During certain kinds of movements, some of these
sarcomeres within the affected muscles are pulled past D) It is the result of extending the muscle fibres while
their tolerance. The proteins inside separate, resulting working out.
in micro-tears throughout the muscle tissue. Hours
or even a day or two after the exercise, this cellular-
level damage is thought to lead to inflammation. Blood E) It could be avoided by comprehensive warm-up
vessels dilate in the affected sections of muscle, before exercise.
white blood cells and other immune-system-related
cells flood in, and tissues swell and warm. This
familiar sensation is known as ‘delayed onset muscle
soreness,’ or DOMS, and affects anyone who works
out. Strange muscle contractions during which forces
are applied to muscles as they lengthen, are the main
causative factors. In general, this soreness is a good
thing. Afterwards, the tissues rebuild themselves,
becoming stronger and more flexible, a process known
as adaptation.

75. According to the passage, when the sarcomeres

stretch beyond their limit ----. 77. What is the passage mainly about?

A) it leads to a small amount of damage in the A) The need for adequate rest after working out
muscle tissue which becomes sore
B) muscles require professional treatment to heal B) The importance of exercise on muscle growth
afterwards
C) The workings of different kinds of muscles
C) the proteins that they contain start to connect with
one another
D) The way muscles react to stretching
D) it becomes impossible to exercise in the following
couple of days E) The danger of muscle soreness after exercise
E) they cause cellular-level damage which can be
alleviated in a couple of hours

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79. According to the passage, which of the following

78. - 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre is true about the end of the Universe?
cevaplayınız.

A) Despite the name ‘Big Freeze’, the Universe will

Various theories about the end of the Universe all actually heat up in that scenario.
concern the balance between the expansion of the
Universe and the pull of gravity. In one scenario,
gravity may not be strong enough to stop the Universe B) Only black holes will be able to survive the end of
from expanding, meaning it will continue to do so the Universe.
forever. The Universe will become darker and colder.
Even black holes will evaporate as the Universe C) If the Universe turns into a fireball, it will be due to
becomes an endless and timeless void where nothing its expansion.
ever happens. This is called the ‘Big Freeze’. But,
according to a second theory, if gravity is strong D) The discovery of dark energy rules out all the
enough to overcome expansion, then the Universe other theories.
will start to contract again. Eventually, it will collapse
in on itself to become a compact fireball. The ‘Big
Crunch’, as it is called, will swallow all matter and E) Astronomers can calculate a probable time for the
energy, as well as space and time. A third theory end of the Universe.
concerns the mysteries of ‘dark energy.’ Astronomers
have found that the expansion of the Universe is
actually speeding up due to dark energy, and if this
acceleration continues, the expansion will overcome
all the forces of nature. The result will be the ‘Big Rip.’
All matter, and space-time itself, will be ripped apart
and destroyed. Estimates say this could happen in
about 22 billion years.

78. What are all of the hypotheses about the end of

80. What is the main purpose of the author?
the Universe based on?

A) The relation between gravity and the increase in A) To warn the reader about the approaching end of
the size of the Universe the Universe

B) The difference in temperature between different B) To inform the reader about different possibilities
parts of the Universe concerning the end of the Universe

C) The continuation of the expansion of the Universe C) To correct some misconceptions about the forces
of nature that act upon the Universe

D) The probability that the Universe may shrink

D) To explain the reason why astronomers cannot
agree on one scenario
E) The eventual decrease in the speed of the
expansion of the Universe
E) To highlight a new theory refuting other abstract
classical theories

TEST BİTTİ.
19 Diğer sayfaya EDİNİZ.
geçiniz.
YANITLARINIZI KONTROL
 11 AĞUSTOS 2024 YÖKDİL FEN CEVAP ANAHTARI
1-C 24-B 47-E 70-E
2-B 25-C 48-A 71-D
3-D 26-E 49-C 72-D
4-A 27-D 50-C 73-B
5-D 28-C 51-C 74-D
6-D 29-B 52-A 75-A
7-D 30-B 53-A 76-D
8-B 31-B 54-D 77-D
9-C 32-C 55-A 78-A
10-B 33-B 56-A 79-E
11-C 34-B 57-A 80-B
12-D 35-A 58-A
13-B 36-A 59-B
14-D 37-B 60-D
15-A 38-C 61-E
16-C 39-C 62-C
17-B 40-C 63-E
18-A 41-A 64-D
19-C 42-B 65-C
20-D 43-E 66-E
21-D 44-C 67-D
22-B 45-B 68-E
23-E 46-A 69-E