For civil engineering study material join telegram : @akshaysir808

Surveying
All IMP
Formulas
By Akshay Sir
 &
vsmdivioms
10. Direct vernier
smallestdonmaisc at
O 9. Least
count

& 11. Retrograde vernier

on Vos. H div . on M S.
.

&
12. Extended vernier
on v S
. .
=(2-1) div. on Ms .
Vernier scale &

·s 1. Scale
onmaa

Sce
#

~
use

E13. Least count = Smallest div

No of div. on
.
on M S
..

vernier scale min

E ~
.

un
2. Shrunk Shrunk length

·
-

Factor Actual length .

·
8. Correct i measured vom
i
Volume
*

Inmicting
D

Error due to wrong scale 3. Correct mensured

*
Distance shrinkage factor

Error due to shrunk scale

#

Sin
measur
measure
6. Correct
Length 4. Correct Measured Area

sin
=

7. Correct Area vinage factors

Area

*
&
5. Shrunk scale original Scale x s F
.
 Gut
wi

16. Slope correction

E~3
14. Correct Actual length of chain measured

-
=
x

Distance Nominal
length of chain disth

Zum3
sm

E length o
17. Slope correction
Chain corrections
= -
L(1-coso)

15. Correct
sind Anal means
=
= 2
=

~ Area
m

mi
miner

E
18. Hypotenusal
Allowance
Chain
I

i **

Chn 24. Correction

for Msl
Surveying
mining
19. Pull correction

23. Correction for

misalignment

So
20. Temperature
correction,
e

mm
21. Sag correction Tape corrections
·
22. Normal Pull
 For civil engineering study material join telegram : @akshaysir808

T #
28. Bearing and Included Angle
25. Conversions (WCB - RB):
a) 1st quadrant : RB = W C B. .
. (N-E]
Included
b) 2nd quadrant : RB = 180: W C B . .
. (S-E] Angle =
02-O ,

jo)
[S-W] O
Bearing of 1st Line
°

c) 3rd quadrant : RB .
= W C B .
. .
-
180 =
-

O2 of and Line
d) 4th quadrant Bearing
=
: RB
.
.
= 360 : W C B . .
.
[N-w]

&
Bearing of
any line
=
Bearing of preceding line +

Included Angle .

26. Conversions (RB-WCB): 29. True bearing =

Magnetic Bearing I
a) 1st quadrant magnetic Declination.
Compass Surveying
· W C B.
.
.
= RB
°

b) 2nd quadrant · W C B . .
.
= 180 -
R B . .

I * R-B i
W C B
1800
.
.

c) 3rd quadrant
.
.

· W C B . .
..
= RB . .
+

° + : E & & quadrant I &

quadra
RB
d) 4th quadrant
· W C B
. .
.
= 360 - .
.

-
: W : Ed - :W +: w & -iE .

°
When
·
sun at noon : T B
.
.
= 0 OR

TB
.
.
= 180 :

27. Back bearing =

Fore BearingI 1800 30. Local attraction ·

If /F B -
B B1 = 1800 >
-

Absent
1800
. .
.

+ve : when F B . . <

If IF B . -
B BI + 180 > -

present
F B > 188
.

ve : when
.
-
.
.

*
⑰
 36. Sensitivity of bubble tube
35. Reciprocal levelling ·

bi S

=
Jo
o
-x -

sensitivity rad n > no · of div

-

shifted of

=
206265"
=
bubble .
nd

31. Height of instrument

-sinc BoMo + B
= . S .

b, 1
"

True diff .
= (d , -
+ 192 -
b2)

2
*

32. RL of a point
Levelng Reading
=
H I
.
.
-

Staff .

34. Corrections ·

as currature corrections = C =

- *
C = -
0 .

0784d2[m]
6) Refraction correction = Cr =

+ &

&

33. Checks o

C = + 0 .
01121d2
[ ] a) H I method
. . :

2 B S . -
EF S = Last R L -

1st R . L

-
. . . . .
.

2) combined correction = c =

b) Rise & Fall method

:

EF Last R L -1StR L

[am]
& B S S =

0672d2
. - . . .
.

c = -0 .

=
ERise-EFall .
 For civil engineering study material join telegram : @akshaysir808

Contouring

T T

&

38. Interpolation #

37. Gradient =
change in Vertical distance
-
B
change in horizontal distance L
c cred ! R-L) X X(C A)
= -

· (B -
Al
X
>
A
D
 39. Angle measurement:
45. Balancing of traverse
bet" A & B
If
angle is two
reading on M S
.
.
② Bowditich Rule : -

then Exact (N
reading A + X Least count) .

.
=

4 C ED 1
.

= 51 = .

where El .

N = Line on Vernies scale which

scale
coincides with main .

② Transit method :-

1
(
t (
= El = ED

or
. .

DT

T
Axis method : -

40. Latitude and Departure: = Y Closing error

Latitude = 1 COSO
.

Length of Axis .

Departure= 1 sin O .

Canine Crom Somb

Departure (East (+ ) WestC-1]

ote
,

44. Adjustment of bearings

correction for nth line
He
=

12
41. Checks: N-> Total lines .

a) closed Traverse :

21 = 0 2D = 0
,

b) Open Traverse :-
43. Relative error
2 =
Last Latitude 1st Latitude

te
-

RE Klosing
=
error
.

. . =

2D = Last Departure
-
1st Departure
perimeter.
.

42. Closing error

e = + (55
Ja
Direction = 6 = tan"
[]
 T 49. Subtense bar method
46. Fixed hair method
#
D = KS + C D
1 Binrad
-

=
.

=
k c= f+ d
D =
2 x 206265 Bin seconds .

D = 2
B Sing "

47. Movable hair method

*

Fs fed
Tacheometer
D
= +

*
50. Inclined line of sight
* i staff held vertical :

D = KSCoS20 + CCOSO

48. Tangential method

V = KS
i20 + <sinc

ii) Staff held -

Angle of
Normal

divationo
is Both :

D = (KS + c) COSO I Sind

V = (KS + c) Sin 0 .

T
ii) of
Both Angle depression :

D
=-Fund ,

51. Anallactic lenses

iii) One elevation & one depression in

+
S
n = f
D =

tanc , + tanDe
For civil engineering
study material join
telegram :
@akshaysir808 Curves
* T
T

51. Elements of curve 52. Degree of curve 53. Offsets

* * #
i) Length of
I
curve =

som
ii)
i) Ox =

00-2 (from long choda

Tangent length = R tan #

2
ii) Ou
= (from
targent
-

iii) of T,
Chainage =
Chainage or v T L
.
- .

of Tz
Chainage of T L iii) On
"(C + >") (from chord
0 C
.
Chainage + produced
.
= .
=
,

iv) Length of Long chord = 2R

sin
External dist" =
v)
R(Sec-1
(ApeX dist)

vi) Mid Ordinate

R(1-COS)
=
 57. Trapezoidal formula 54. Scale of photograph

My
* *

m
*
58. Simpson’s formula

Do 55. Relief Displacement

= =
d or n

59. Planimeter
.
A = M(F -
I [10N + 1)
Miscellaneous
A 56. Time interval between exposure
60. Prismoidal formula *

3600
T
&(A Az + 1Am]
=
v = , +

For civil engineering study material join telegram : @akshaysir808