Ae. ALTERNATING cor PENT Upsent In which clivechon changes attemnakly . 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TOT Tene» Ba [ft caster Jets] = a Th Tin Lm 9 BS Star - Jeaaevat] 7 Ve ca Jeasaustse 20] > fos vatun of feu eye [tao * ter) 6 Kemahs same od haly ae Try 2 2a 20-9092 vr“~ Eg ymtlarty tms value f em/. Ee Ems es 2 Ovpor &o + he vellmeter rreaturmng village giver rs value ofvvttoy< Thus Khen AC ab agov Ps supbtied of heme OFS peak vatus “7 42 bo 2 vv €rms Ey = V2 Qo = Iv Hence village vattes from #IV te - Thuy aaov Ac fr m70re clange rows fran Qo WIV +n each oyche . VAC,Ho Power tn Ac ctecutt =— Lob, : E> fo slnwt L 2270 confer) duo Small ewrk dene by Source 1% time atl. duis Vda o V Cdk C ag 2dr] dw. fost To cPolwe rh) ol dw 2 fo Te smut (sm esteor b ce carar din) te dw &o Lo sith coopadb & £,Zo sinh stnar eset r fee 5 kota wr [mrad eto cg fa cman lr L e ° 1 ; a [smtuakdb = 02 woo & fo cosh T 6 i as z ot “ fgnarde = © ° ‘ “% 1 FF ‘ Zz $ Rg cote F ¢ For pure resistive are, 620) cosg st po ttle > Evy Leo z pure mductve or capacitive arealt) 63M, Thus ne power couumed ie. ne lon cael (far om F energy by capaciter or thducha cord 29 poo* Wattlecs currenh~ ANhen othe average power remanrne Zeng due to zero Nrirdance Man ac creceeth and cuavrent Slous Nithouk any cl'ss/pahon of energy , whe Curnnk in cue 4 clrcutt fs catled wartless currenk+ eb Current dhyvough pure inductor ey capacthr which elitc#pasty ne power Fs cated! walters ov Tclle currenk, cue (efor _b-R civeurt) ate Po fay Pld card vee TL ale VerZR H CHOKE cole + High Inductance cot made of thick , mrulaled copa. WAN wound closely ma large number of tums over a soft teon laminated Core - Alen core mre & Frigh permecsstiby Copper tate cat oo Tanick & Ralmost ze + Used in Ac circ} to reduce current by invalumg almoc! xero or (He (att Of energy R L (choke cart) mo £ To Z to 7 &o 2265 «mur Jere att In b-c creufts choke cil cannst be eured cu oro, Thy only vetistance §F coll reams effcetive sshich tao he dns ted heortal ts ceo do Veoluen Currrenh elechical *nergy Halter, Xr 207 almost Fkr0" Lsnich resus in loss ofrransfotmer currenh ak eee eae converting large alfernafn info small current ab Aigh vatlage , 20d by whe penepple gf mural srdfucton. low valtoge vice~ vasca , Uced only mm At Nak MAC ‘type & skpup ou skp-down ve u converts Aigh voltage valt & converts flow vastage oe er ones into higher vathag € —— Core Coke Ho ‘ ohm ation Ya i oe keane frm P ot «In depp Ol vé Vex 2pYF A eee C clveutt uy, with — only Resistance CR) / Resistive circuit R Alternating voltage of we source [é= fesinwt | on YU Liste cucrent flowing, &= Lo cinwdt "fee al He =f = bo sinukr ‘ ([£°78 “tae ] R R Fa tecmar[ af | [oo J Amplitude. feurren” Tpeak currenr ~ cuneenk@ and : vatrage (e) are 7 same \ phare & vay smrusordelly 5 + Qn phasor dlragsa™ , current £ valtage are yepresenid by ank clockuate rofahing vectors Known as phasors « + In pure vésis hve creel, current £ valfage phaser parauel ot every Instant. are pence, sofates pogetner RK R Ris inckepenclent Fe. phasor cbiogtam(ee Ac ciycertt ts Only Tncluchame === ers Kero- + for pure fnatuctox , wesisdene cot verwes cinusoielally rYus + cuggent in 1he induced! Valtage develops Inthe cet epprinng the source valhage: Laz oO — + Bind In inductor = © ip @=Bosinwt Ee - émd 2° _ me * Thus Wher valtage '< roar ony, bosmwt = End curvenk bf Kewy vice VOTES - fosmust = Lar _ we me fee & let > & musket we ‘L ype we A sane climen ser ash, fer = fo friar lt thus pk is he posit Oe oped 7 py inetuctor KNOW? ay moluceve Ont 3 reache7ce « | Xp clepends &” frequency J : pee, W20- Haw ys f. coure L os to - bo cosck means inductor offvs no oe resistance (Xe reprrfance ) _—_—_— do Soe | go be mah) | = = wet = [> wt? andl / for rnax current cmt J2/ ars 4) fofepuncy Xe of ¢ XL oo t Xr nereases comparing fais epuahbn uy, anh tans y mn frequency fo bo cmuck Ris Sen Of current dhak ina pure onduchrr , Ae fi mF currenk lags Schad the an + Fa AC: (high vatiage 7 & pase angle g | mre fora) °, Inductor b woe a Ve oe OO net a ene me wo «x High porate valtage leads 4y , or 902 or guarkr cyclewa ve cliag rare chive eércult HE Ac Chri with copacttance only [cape = ‘i «charge 67 capacitor plate yarres contmad ly 9 as vettage /s alternahng - + tek ak any mstank charge 2& current 22 QL thee PS 70 resistance crculh. mi Poeecna feo cee we Raachance 2i€ € 2 5 fost + & olepends an freyuency Z£ © source , Q> ce, smut . for be: LL A do. = a (cbosinet) 0 1 for high feo a Yo % Ae source, o eoceswk Capacitor charge olevel fed Peo Cee C9) pac offers a ae te > fe sonfeare® tod-c. ands Tito! ree a thal < Jt allow AC. sml ) Xe b >t (ae mk antes | uk Mabe TARA | Te? fo = peak current Xe fi (ce) f NC > a >: mfinth vet ?st0n@ agra | bs Megfig®@ Ae. Dh Blodes DC.Jn perfect capacitor, current ceadls We velrage 4y & pace angle F Ya or %o* oy, vattage lags Sehmds the current sy ¢ prose angle & th ov 90° F bet KNOW, Efe smut —> Teh sm(or £6) Crreuit Phase (4) Tnpedtence (z) Rane vesisH ve $ro¢ =A Pure Induchve B2-Mr Zz Mp2 ol Pure capachtive b> Ve zere? * Rect proco Ff reachance FS susceptance ig 4 1 Inppedence as Admittance G unit 'mho! or ‘ohm!’ Stemen{s) ’.Sexi 9 Rob chreuy Rg L + LAR are im sexiey Hence same current oft flows in both of them R=Ve zZR Vy * w—| + Pokenfias olifgerence across u Lsy o2K + 2m pure vesist've cireuif , use sous thas €=fosinat Vg is In phase Wht T, + In pure inctuchve chrauth we saw that VW leads T by A> vie vet vte z2Cr axe) v 1 [arene 9 fom blimls Law, s > Vetere’ = 2 (impedence) Ze fpeche resistance 4 Unftsohm (i) T > Prom the phasor eltagran, Applied voltage (VJ Leads the current (DW by phate angle Thu, ange Ves Phe a ¥e RR R dang = WL R ZL currenk wit Se uh same phos + I Leo, dren $20 ( vettage L . oy Reb, eG 240" (vattage ttl Lead the cuvrent by 40‘)4 CAR ctreuit ip Le cnceutt ar | = VL> Z KE Ps j— Ve ve —| | ee 27 rrr it] en Te fe, sinek vivo sink Vp2 ZR , Ye rtKc ve VnY 2 Lt c v2 Tk Ke) 7 CKO as Me ve Ve. . Vv core ZT (XL>KXe) (vettage leads currenb (> ve) ay Any 2 —_ care B Lx ¢ Xe) (current leads vel¥ege We cve) ty AD) oo Applied! vattege\) lags ° eon carene z by yovenVe clang = Ve > xe i dang 2 Wwe nd ZV cose ase ul > fel (x= Xe). (deo, vattage £ current in same phore J (YW 2 ve) Thus, were a = yee vadle | We Wy cee / —}-—"— mesonant angular freguency yretonant frepuuncy f a He yok Ceanels cach fot) Zr Yoh z Zr ar[yee te) Ve To x ow 0 Teoay bLee- ; aq R crreuih oy © 8 4 | i JH— Ye pve te] wes vaVe sinwr AV Ve Vv + =z Vieve b Zz ve Ve ve DLR e Cer-¥e)* 2 Rowe (tere) [22 Jat cay) aa eine ang VR ‘ Zo WsCase Z Coe” CL Xe) 3 Vettage Leads current bY ¢ Qh>ve) , Tad, current leach veléage by > == (weve) T22o sthlwk-ed) Vg 7 > Verte r Ht Pomer In Al Crreur MY Rosisttve Cigcelt (R-drcul) =——_ V>Vp sthwt @ Fa show As both valtage g current are tr same phase, Thus, Power > Rate Gf dissi paton & eneray an elsobyte of rats Po VXT Po Vosmak ¥ Testhute > Vor oon esp P> Veo we | vg. value ff sinuah ove one uycly 2 od [R= Voi J