● English 10 ( Assignment ) : Think of a topic you want to study and then look for 5

related literature about the study (5 abstracts) printed or written.

● Rape or Sexual Assault Towards Men

1). “ On The Sexual Assault Of Men “

Written by: David DiMarco, John Mizzoni, Ryan Savitz (2021)
•Abstract :
This research literature is a body of studies that has demonstrated that anyone who has sex with a
person who is unconscious, impaired by drugs or alcohol, unable to object, or unable to voice
their concerns can be held accountable for the crime of rape. Nobody should be utilized for the
enjoyment of another without that person's consent. Rape is unethical when informed consent
isn't obtained. It should be ethically irrelevant that the victim is a man. Yet male rape is rarely
reported and frequently undervalued,, as will be shown by the 2010 CDC National Intimate
Partner and Sexual Violence Survey as well as other sources in this paper which will show that
male rape happens about as often as female rape, and even possibly exceeds it. Evidence also
shows that 80% of those who rape men are women. Reconsidering stereotypes of the rape of men
is an important part of rethinking masculinity. Among these stereotypes is the assumption that
male rape is rare, as well as assumptions about the experience of male rape victims. The goal of
this paper is to show that male rape is a prevalent problem and that the victims endure the same
emotional and psychological after-effects as female rape victims.

2). “ Male Rape Myths: Understanding And Explaining Social Attitudes Surrounding Male
Rape “
Written by: Aliraza Javaid (2015)
•Abstract :
This study integrates the literature from a theory-driven viewpoint and offers a critical evaluation
of the literature on male rape. Its goal is to investigate how male rape myths influence society's
reactions and attitudes toward male victims of rape. In doing so, this theoretical article provides
insights into the obstacles to the acknowledgment of male rape. These obstacles are myths about
male rape that keep male rape victims from coming forward and asking for the help they deserve.
Although some study has shown that these myths are real, there hasn't been much done on male
rape myths. These beliefs might be dangerous because they might alter how society views male
rape victims, which could have an impact on how these victims are treated and responded to. To
understand and explain such myths so some attempt can be made at eradicating them, this paper
will explore common male rape myths that seem to be prevalent in Western society. This paper
will examine male rape myths in the areas of media, incarcerated settings, and the wider
community, focusing on England and Wales, UK. This is important to do to recognise which
myths are harmful and are facilitating the under-reporting of male rape. This paper will help raise
awareness of male rape myths and not only attempt to tackle them, but also encourage male rape
victims to come forward to report and seek the help that they merit. It will also address the gaps
in the literature and areas ripe for research, so further empirical research can be conducted on
male rape, highlighting ideas for future research and providing guidance in areas most needed in
research on male rape.

3). “ Traditional Gender Roles: The Culture Of Toxic Masculinity And The Effect On Male
Rape Victims “
Written by: Michael Nelson (2019)
•Abstract :
Sexual assault is a widely discussed topic.Talking about it has grown in popularity, particularly
now that more high-profile examples are appearing in the media. But we've only just began
talking about adult male victims. Research is necessary since adult male victims and their
experiences have received little to no attention. It is necessary for research to start examining
novel subjects that have not been studied before. The personal experiences of adult male victims,
myths surrounding male rape, the victimization of women by men, and cultural views are a few
of these subjects. The purpose of this study is to investigate how society views adult male
victims. It employed scenarios to test participants' reactions and questioned college students
about their belief that adult males could become victims of sexual assault. This research shows
the necessity to obtain more accurate data from participants. Participants appear to state the
socially acceptable response to direct questions but show their true beliefs to more indirect
question. Respondents appear to believe that adult males can be victims and that the vignettes all
show sexual assault. However, there were three things made clear through indirect questions:
intoxicated victims, male victims, and victims with a female perpetrator were seen more often to
not experience sexual assault.

4). “ The Scope Of Male Rape: A Selective Review Of Research, Policy And Practice “
Written by: Michelle Lowe, Paul Rogers (2017)
•Abstract :
The predicament of female rape survivors has been widely publicized, but until recently, little
research or public attention was given to the rape and sexual assault of adult males. This paper
aims to conduct a selective assessment of the literature on male survivors of sexual violence,
emphasizing current policy and practice implications when appropriate. First, the UK's new laws
on male rape are examined, and cross-national comparisons with US, Australian, and Canadian
statutes are done to highlight evolving definitions and best practices in the law. Second, a list of
prevalence issues is provided, including the underreporting of male sexual victimization and its
long-term effects. Third, the existing lack of services available in the UK for men who have
experienced rape is mentioned. Lastly, research on the relationship between the secondary
victimization of male survivors and male rape myth acceptance, victim blaming, and
homophobia is examined. There are recommendations for more research in this emerging field of
study.

5). “ Can A Woman Rape A Man And Why Does It Matter? “

Written by: Natasha McKeever (2018)
•Abstract :
Under current UK legislation, only a man can commit rape. This essay contends that the
application of this unfair double standard feeds into harmful gendered preconceptions about the
sexual preferences of men and women. (1) it is physically impossible for a woman to rape a man;
(2) it is a more serious offence to forcibly penetrate someone than to force them to penetrate you;
(3) rape is a gendered crime. I argue that, as these justifications fail, a woman having sex with a
man without his consent ought to be considered rape. I then explain some further reasons that
this matters. I argue that, not only is it unjust, it is also both a cause and a consequence of
harmful stereotypes and prejudices about male and female sexuality: (1) men are ‘always up for
sex’; (2) women’s sexual purity is more important than men’s; (3) sex is something men do to
women. Therefore, I suggest that, if rape law were made gender neutral, these stereotypes would
be undermined and this might make some (albeit small) difference to the problematic ways that
sexual relations are sometimes viewed between men and women more generally.
 ● References:

David D.M, John M, Ryan S. (2021, July 29). Sexuality & Culture.
On The Assault of Men.
From: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12119-021-09901-1

Aliraza J. (2015, October). Male Rape Myths: Understand and Explaining Social
Attitudes Surrounding Male Rape.
From: https://hipatiapress.com/hpjournals/index.php/mcs/article/view/1579

Michael N. (2019). Traditional Gender Roles: The Culture Of Toxic Masculinity And
The Effect On Male Rape Victims.
From: https://vc.bridgew.edu/theses/71/

Michelle L, Paul R. (2017, July). The Scope Of Male Rape: A Selective Review Of
Research, Policy And Practice.
From: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1359178917301908

Natasha M. (2018, November 8). Criminal Law And Philosophy. Can A Woman Rape
A Man And Why Does It Matter?
From: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11572-018-9485-6