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Assignment 1

The document is an assignment on irrigation and its significance in agriculture, detailing the meaning of irrigation, basic agricultural requirements, and the importance of water for plant growth. It also discusses water resources in Egypt, conditions for successful irrigation projects, and differences between large and small irrigation projects. Additionally, it outlines the works required for gravity-type irrigation and provides a brief overview of the hydrologic cycle.

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Ahmed Elenany
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28 views3 pages

Assignment 1

The document is an assignment on irrigation and its significance in agriculture, detailing the meaning of irrigation, basic agricultural requirements, and the importance of water for plant growth. It also discusses water resources in Egypt, conditions for successful irrigation projects, and differences between large and small irrigation projects. Additionally, it outlines the works required for gravity-type irrigation and provides a brief overview of the hydrologic cycle.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Elenany
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Canadian Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology

Civil Engineering Department


Irrigation And Dismissal Engineering (CIW 211)
Dr. Marwa Abdel Fattah
========================================================================

Assignment 1
1- What is the meaning of irrigation?

It is application of additional water for crop maturity over and above the rainwater
or available soil moisture contents.

2- What are the basic requirements for agriculture production?

Soil, seed, and water. In addition, fertilizers, insecticides,

sunshine, suitable atmospheric temperature, and human labour

are also needed.

3- Adding Water to soil is essential for plant growth, why?

- It supplies moisture to the soil essential for the germination

of seeds, and chemical and bacterial processes during plant

growth.

- It cools the soil and the surroundings thus making the

environment more favourable for plant growth.

- It washes out or dilutes salts in the soil.

- It softens clods and thus helps in tillage operations.

- It enables application of fertilizers.

- It reduces the adverse effects of frost on crops.


4- Write briefly about water resources in Egypt.
-The Nile River55.5, 55.5 ,55.5, 55.5 ,57.5
-Groundwater6.2, 6.2, 5.6, 6.3 ,12.9
-Agricultural water recycling and development of irrigation system8 8 5.8 5.8 15.5
-Sewage recycling 1.3 ,1.3, 1.3, 1.3, 2
-Rainwater and Torrents 1.3, 1.3 ,1.3, 1.3, 1.5
-Desalination 0.06, 0.06, 0.06, 0.06, 0.06
-Total 72.36, 72.36, 69.56, 70.26, 89.46

5- What are the conditions essential for the success of any irrigation project?

. Suitability of land for continued agricultural production,

. Favourable climatic conditions for proper growth and yield of the crops,

. Adequate and economic supply of suitable quality of water, and

. Good site conditions for the safe construction and uninterrupted operations of

the engineering works.

6- What are the differences between large and small irrigation projects?

A small irrigation project may consist of a low diversion weir or an

inexpensive pumping plant along with small ditches (channels) and some

minor control structures.

A large irrigation project includes a large storage reservoir, a huge dam,

hundreds of kilometers of canals, branches and distributaries, control

structures, and other works.

7- What are the different works required for gravity type irrigation project?
- Storage (or intake) and diversion works
- Conveyance and distribution channels
- Conveyance, control, and other hydraulic structures
- Farm distribution
- Drainage works.
8- Write briefly about the hydrologic cycle. Illustrate your answer with a sketch.
It is the total water of earth, excluding deep groundwater, is in constant circulation
from the earth ( including oceans) to atmosphere and back to the earth and oceans.
represents a sketch of the hydrologic cycle for which sun is the source of energy

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