BACTE211 REVIEWER
Topics:
Bacterial Cell Components
Bacterial Morphology
Bacterial Cultivation
Specimen collection & processing
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing
1. Asexual reproduction only. a. Teichoic acid
a. Eukaryote b. Lipoteichoic acid
b. Prokaryote 13. Gram positive / gram negative bacteria has a thin
2. Chromosomal DNA is linear, complexed with basic peptidoglycan layer, also a periplasmic space.
histones and other proteins. 14. Functions of a gram negative bacteria outer membrane:
a. Eukaryote (3):
b. Prokaryote Acts as a barrier, acts as a sieve - allowing water-
3. DNA is circular, located in the nucleoid, at the mesosome. soluble molecules, and it provides attachment sites.
a. Eukaryote 15. A characteristic exhibited by gram positive bacteria.
b. Prokaryote a. Antibiotic resistance
4. No organelles. b. Gram variability
a. Eukaryote c. Both
b. Prokaryote d. NOTA
5. No nuclear membrane. 16. Contributing factors to gram variability: (4)
a. Eukaryote Use of old culture, pH staining reagents, bacterial
b. Prokaryote autolysis, and staining reaction time.
6. Has pili and fimbriae 17. Bacteria species that have natural gram variability:
a. Eukaryote Mobiluncus spp. and Gardnerella vaginalis
b. Prokaryote
7. Ciliated. True or False.
a. Eukaryote 18. ALL cocci are gram negative. FALSE
b. Prokaryote 19. Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, and Acholeplasma are usually
8. Present in ALL eukaryotes, except: gram negative because they don’t have a cell wall. TRUE
a. Endoplasmic Reticulum 20. Mycolic acid found in spirochetes makes it difficult to gram
b. Nucleus stain them. FALSE
c. Golgi Bodies 21. ALL bacilli are gram negative. TRUE
d. Ribosomes 22. Spirochetes are usually gram negative. TRUE
9. Differentiates gram positive and gram-negative bacteria.
a. Peptidoglycan
b. Periplasmic space
23. All cocci are gram positive, except: (3)
c. Flagellum
Neisseria, Veillonella, Moraxella
d. Ribosomes
24. Mycobacterium and Nocardia spp are gram ____ but
10. The bacterial cell wall is also referred to as _____.
because of the cell wall made up of hydrophilic lipids, it
- Peptidoglycan or murein layer
affects the permeability of the stain.
o 3 functions:
Grame positive
a. Maintains cell shape
25. This staining method is used for a subset of bacteria
b. Protection to osmotic
whose cell walls contain mycolic acids.
pressure
Acid fast staining
c. Barrier
26. Color of an acid-fast bacteria:
11. Gram negative bacteria have a slower onset due to a thick
Red
murein layer. TRUE or FALSE
27. Acid Fast staining is also called ____
- False. Gram POSITIVE bacteria have thicker
Ziehl-Neelsen or Hot Method
murein layer thus a slower onset.
12. ____ is found in a gram-positive cell wall, it causes the cell Complete the table below. Steps in Ziehl-Neelsen Method.
wall to be rigid, it absorbs cations, and it is a bacteria
autolysis agent. If the bacteria are NON-ACID FAST
BACTE211 REVIEWER
Steps Reagent Duration Color
Initial staining 28. 29. Red
Mordant Heat -- 30.
Decolorization 31. 32. 33. 46. Found along the plasma membrane and serves as a point
Counterstain 34. 1 minute 35. of attachment for chromosomes. B
28. Carbol Fuchsin 47. A complex multilayered, highly refractile structure that can
29. 4-5 minutes be found within the cytoplasm of a cell during hibernating
30. Red stage.E
31. Acid Alcohol (3% HCl in 95% Ethanol) 48. These are depots or storage deposits under certain
32. 2 minutes conditions – limited or excess of a particular nutrient. D
33. Colorless 49. Sites for protein synthesis C
34. Methylene Blue 50. Composed of Calcium dipicolinic acid complex E
35. Blue or green
51. Protein that makes up pili.
36. ____ doesn’t require the use of heat or boiling water. PILIN
a. Ziehl-Neelsen stain Method 52. Protein composition of flagella
b. Kinyoun acid fast Method FLAGELLIN
c. Both 53. Used in serological typing and identifying species of
d. NOTA Salmonella.
37. Kinyoun Acid Fast Method is also called as ______ a. F Pilus
Cold Method b. Hauch Antigen
38. Because of a lower concentration of phenol, heating is no c. K antigen
longer required in the cold method of acid-fast staining. 54. An exterior high molecular weight appendage.
True or False a. Plasma membrane
False. Due to a high concentration of phenol, heating b. Glycocalyx
is no longer required. c. Slime layer
Complete the table below. Steps in Kinyoun Method.
55. It serves as a form of protection from phagocytosis and for
If the bacteria are ACID FAST adhesion to host tissues, and it can be diffused or loose,
thick and viscous.
Steps Reagent Duration Color a. Capsule
Initial staining 39. 40. Red b. Glycocalyx
Mordant 41. -- 42. c. Slime layer
Decolorization 43. 2 minutes 44.
Enumerate three medically important capsulated bacteria.
Counterstain Methylene 1 – 3 minutes 45.
Blue 56. _____
57. _____
58. _____
39. Carbol fuchsin 59. _____
40. 5 minutes 60. _____
41. Chemical – Tergitol
42. Red 56-60. Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae
43. Acid Alcohol (5% H2SO4 + 95% Ethyl Alcohol) (serotype B), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella
44. Red pneumoniae, Bacillus anthracis
45. Red
