1

Test - 31

1. In the context of 18th Century polity in India, 4. Consider the following statements:
consider the following statements: 1. Mir Jafar shifted his capital from
1. Aurangzeb's misguided policies had Murshidabad to Monghyr.
weakened the stable Mughal polity. 2. Mir Jafar entered into a conspiracy with the
2. Multiple Successor states like Bengal, Awadh Dutch at Chinsurah.
and Hyderabad emerged during this period. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
3. The British took advantage of the (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
fragmented polity and expanded their rule (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
in India.
How many of the statements given above is/are 5. Consider the following statements:
correct? Statement I: In the midst of the 18th Century the
(a) Only one (b) Only two Mughals were unable to withstand Afghan
(c) All three (d) None invasions from the north-west.
Statement II: The invasion of Nadir Shah in
1739 and Ahmad Shah Abdali in 1748-67 led to
2. He found a sea route to India through the Cape
the collapse of the Mughal empire.
of Good Hope. He reached Calicut in May 1498.
He sent a couple of his men to Ponnani to meet Which one of the following is correct in respect
with the ruler of Calicut, the Zamorin. of the above statements?
Who among the following is being discussed in (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
correct and Statement-II is the correct
the above paragraph?
explanation for Statement-I
(a) Christopher Columbus
(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
(b) Vasco da Gama
correct and Statement-II is not the correct
(c) Fernao Nuniz explanation for Statement-I
(d) Abdur Razzak (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is
incorrect
3. Consider the following statements: (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is
1. The system of double government was correct
established by the Regulating Act of 1773.
2. Lord Cornwallis was made the 6. With reference to the Fourth Anglo-Mysore
Commander-in-Chief by the Act of 1786. War, consider the following statements:
3. Government of India Act of 1858 ended the 1. The English accused Tipu of plotting
system of double Government. against them.
How many of the statements given above is/are 2. Tipu sought help from France to take
correct? revenge for his humiliating defeat in the
Third Anglo-Mysore War.
(a) Only one (b) Only two
3. Tipu defeated Lord Wellesley and came out
(c) All three (d) None
victorious in the battle.
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How many of the statements given above is/are (a) Indian handicrafts were ruined.
not correct? (b) Machines were introduced in the Indian
(a) Only one (b) Only two textile industry in large numbers.
(c) All three (d) None (c) Railway lines were laid in many parts of the
country
(d) Heavy duties were imposed on the imports
7. With reference to the Battle of Buxar, consider of British manufactures
the following statements:
Statement I: The Battle of Buxar was fought 10. With reference to the arrivals of the Europeans
between the British East India Company and in India, which of the following statements are
Nawab of Bengal. correct?
Statement II: After the Battle of Buxar, the 1. Portuguese came to India in the late 15th
British East India Company gained control of the Century.
territories of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. 2. The French were the second European to
arrive in India.
Which one of the following is correct in respect
3. Captain Hawkins of England visited the
of the above statements?
court of Jahangir.
(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
Select the correct answer using the code given
correct and Statement-II is the correct below:
explanation for Statement-I (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 only
(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are (c) 2 only (d) 1 and 3 only
correct and Statement-II is not the correct
explanation for Statement-I 11. In the first quarter of the seventeenth century, in
(c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is which of the following was/were the
incorrect factory/factories of the English East India
(d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is Company located?
correct 1. Broach
2. Chicacole
3. Trichinopoly
8.
Select the correct answer using the code given
below.
Rangoon followed by a defeat in the hands of the
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2
British.
(c) 3 only (d) 2 and 3
Who among the following is being discussed in
the above paragraph?
12. Which among the following Portuguese rulers
(a) Bahadur Shah II (b) Farrukh Siyar had established Portuguese strongholds in India
(c) Shah Alam II (d) Aurangzeb as well as maintained a good rapport with the
Vijayanagara Empire?
(a) Vasco Da Gama
9. Which of the following statements correctly
(b) Alfonso De Albuquerque
explain the impact of Industrial Revolution on
(c)
India during the first half of the nineteenth
century? (d) Pedro Alvares Cabral
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13. Which among the following events happened (c) Giving the voting rights to women
earliest? (d) Giving temple entry to depressed classes
(a) Establishment of Muhammadan Anglo
Oriental College at Aligarh
17. With reference to Swadeshi Movement consider
(b) The foundation of the Central Hindu
College at Benaras the following statements:
(c) Age of Consent Act 1. It contributed to the revival of the
(d) Akali Movement or the Gurudwara Reform indigenous artisan crafts and industries.
Movement 2. The National Council of Education was
established as a part of the Swadeshi
14. Consider the following Pairs: Movement.
Leaders Organisation Which of the statements given above is/are
1. B. R. Ambedkar : Depressed Class correct?
Federation
(a) 1 only
2. Jyotiba Phule : Justice Party
(b) 2 only
3. Mahatma Gandhi : Harijan
Sevak Sangh (c) Both 1 and 2
Which of the pairs given above is/are correct? (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 18. Who among the following is associated with
'Song from Prison', a translation of ancient
15. In the context of Caste Movement in India, Indian religious lyrics in English?
consider the following statements: (a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
1. B.R. Ambedkar was the first Indian to start
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru
a school for the untouchables.
(c) Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
2. Vitthal Ramaji Shinde founded the
Depressed Class Mission Society in 1906. (d) Sarojini Naidu
3. The Mahad Satyagraha or Chavdar Tale 19. With reference to Madanapalle of Andhra
Satyagraha was led by Mahatma Gandhi. Pradesh, which one of the following statements
How many of the statements given above are is correct?
correct? (a) Pingali Venkayya designed the tricolour
(a) Only one (b) Only two Indian National Flag here.
(c) All three (d) None (b) Pattabhi Sitaramaiah led the Quit India
Movement of Andhra region from here.
(c) Rabindranath Tagore translated the National
16. The Vaikom Satyagraha was associated with
Anthem from Bengali to English here.
which one of the following social reforms in
(d) Madame Blavatsky and Colonel Olcott set
India during British rule?
up headquarters of Theosophical Society
(a) Ensuring the welfare of labourers first here.
(b) Increasing the minimum legal age for
marriage for both boys and girls
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20. In the context of Colonial India, Shah Nawaz 1946

Khan, Prem Kumar Sehgal and Gurbaksh Singh (c) Members of the Drafting Committee in the
Dhillon are remembered as: Constituent Assembly
(a) Leaders of Swadeshi and Boycott (d) Officers of the Indian National Army
Movement
(b) Members of the Interim Government in
 5

1. (c) 6. (a) 11. (a) 16. (d)

2. (b) 7. (a) 12. (b) 17. (c)
3. (b) 8. (a) 13. (a) 18. (c)
4. (b) 9. (a) 14. (b) 19. (c)
5. (a) 10. (d) 15. (a) 20. (d)
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1. Ans: (c) objections of Arab merchants, Gama

Option (c) is correct: managed to secure a letter of concession for
trading rights from Zamorin, Calicut's
Statement 1 is correct: Emperor
Hindu ruler.
Aurangzeb had depleted the military and
financial resources of his empire by
fighting a long war in the Deccan. The 3. Ans. (b)
edifice of the Mughal central structure Option (b) is correct:
began to fragment into many small Statement 1 is not correct:
independent, semi-independent and of 1784 first time distinguished between the
autonomous states in the 18th century with commercial and political functions of the
Aurangzeb's misguided policies and Company. It allowed the Court of
weak later Mughals. Directors to manage the commercial
Statement 2 is correct: affairs, but created a new body called the
reign witnessed the establishment of the Board of Control to manage the political
independent states of Awadh (1722, affairs. Thus, it established a system of
double government.
Saadat Khan Burhan-ul-Mulk), Bengal
(1717, Murshid Quli Khan) and Statement 2 is correct: In 1786, Lord
Hyderabad (1724, Nizam-ul-Mulk) and Cornwallis was appointed as the Governor-
Punjab. Though they did not challenge the General of Bengal. As per his demands the
sovereignty of the Mughal ruler, the Act of 1786 was enacted and gave him the
establishment of virtually independent and power to override the decision of his
council in special cases and made him the
hereditary authority by their governors
Commander-in-Chief as well.
showed the emergence of autonomous
polity in these territories. Statement 3 is correct: Government of
Statement 3 is correct: The third battle of
. It ended
Panipat proved significant in the struggle
the system of double Government initiated
for mastery over India. The Marathas'
ambition of replacing the Mughals as the
Board of Control and Court of Directors.
imperial power was checked at a strategic
The Act created a new office, Secretary of
point by this defeat. The beneficiaries were State for India, vested with complete
the British rather than the Afghans. The authority and control over Indian
British got a tremendous opportunity to administration.
expand their influence in Bengal and India.

4. Ans. (b)
2. Ans. (b)
Option (b) is correct:
Option (b) is correct:
Statement 1 is not correct: Mir Qasim
Vasco Da Gama (1498) found a sea route
was a ruler of considerable administrative
to India through the Cape of Good Hope.
He reached Calicut in May 1498. He sent a ability. He got his forces trained after the
couple of his men to Ponnani to meet with modern lines. He recruited new troops for
the ruler of Calicut, the Zamorin. Over the the army. A 16,000 strong Mughal-styled
 7

cavalry was formed. A European-styled 6. Answer: (a)

25,000 strong infantry was formed. He also Option (a) is correct:
set up a new intelligence network. He Statement 1 is correct: In 1798, Lord
established factories for the manufacture Wellesley replaced Sir John Sir and
of guns at Monghyr (near Patna) and became the new governor-general. In
shifted his capital from Murshidabad to 1799 the English wanted to eliminate Tipu.
Monghyr. Lord Wellesley accused Tipu of plotting
Statement 2 is correct: After the Battle of against the English with Nizam and
Plassey in 1757 Mir Jafar became the Marathas.
Nawab of Bengal. He gave the Zamindari of Statement 2 is correct: Between 1792-
24 Parganas of Bengal to the English East 1799 both Tipu and the English forces
India Company. However, the continuous reconstructed themselves. Tipu decided to
interference from Clive upset Mir Jafar avenge the humiliating defeat in the Third
then entered into a conspiracy with the Dutch Anglo-Mysore War and for that, Tipu
at Chinsurah. But the Dutch faced defeat at sought help from France, Turkey, Kabul
the hands of the English in the Battle of etc.
Bedara in 1759, so the conspiracy got foiled. Statement 3 is not correct: The Fourth
Soon after that, the Company pressured him Anglo-Mysore War began when Lord
to resign and Mir Qasim became the Wellesley attacked Tipu. Tipu was defeated
Nawab of Bengal. first by General Stuart and then by General
Harris. Arthur Wellesley, brother of Lord
Wellesley also participated in the war. Tipu
5. Answer: (a)
lost his life and Mysore was placed under
Option (a) is correct:
the earlier Odayar family.
Statement I is correct: In the 18th century,
the Mughal Empire faced several invasions
7. Answer: (a)
from the northwest, primarily from Afghan
Option (a) is correct:
forces. These invasions weakened the
Mughal Empire and made it difficult for Statement 1 is correct: The Battle of
them to maintain control over their Buxar was fought in 1764 between the
territories. British East India Company and the
combined forces of Mir Qasim, Shuja-
Statement II is correct: In the absence of
ud-Daula, and the Mughal Emperor
internal strength, the Mughals could not put
Shah Alam II.
a tough front against external challenges
Statement 2 is correct: After the Battle of
which came in the form of several invasions
Buxar, the British East India Company
from the north-west Nadir Shah (1739)
gained control of the territories of Bengal,
and Ahmad Shah Abdali (1748-67) which
Bihar, and Orissa. This increased the
crushed the Mughal Empire to an extent
company's power and paved the way for
that they were no longer the dominant
further expansion of its influence in India.
power in the country.
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8. Answer: (a) In addition, the industrial revolution

Option (a) is correct: led to the invention of new machines
Bahadur Shah II/Zafar (c.1837 57 in Europe, for example, Power looms
replaced hand looms.
CE) was the last Mughal Emperor
Also, the new means of
who was more a nominal head than
communication and transportation
anything else, as the Mughal Empire
have revolutionized public life.
existed in name only and his authority
However, the situation changed with
was limited only to the city of Delhi
the introduction of railways and
(Shahjahanbad). He was the face of the steamers, concrete roads were laid to
revolt of 1857 after the defeat in the connect the agricultural hinterland of
hands of the British, he was deported to the country.
Rangoon and died there in 1862. After
the revolt, he was deported to Rangoon, 10. Answer: (d)
where he died in c.1862 CE. Option (d) is correct:
Statement 1 is correct: Vasco-da-Gama
9. Answer: (a) reached Calicut via the Cape of Good
Option (a) is correct: Hope in 1498 and was warmly welcomed
About Indian Handcrafts: by Zamorin (Ruler of Calicut).
The Indian handicraft industry had Statement 2 is not correct: French were
begun to decline by the beginning of the the last among the European companies to
19th century. There were many reasons for enter India. In 1664, during the reign of
it. Louis XIV, the efforts of his minister
The policy of the British East India Colbert resulted in the formation of the
Company turned out to be very French trading company. The first
detrimental to the handicraft French factory in India was established at
industry in India. Surat in 1667 by Francois Caron which
The Indian market was flooded with was followed by the factory at
cheap industrial goods from Britain. Masulipattam by Marcara in 1669 after
This has resulted in a significant drop acquiring permission from the ruler of
in sales of Indian products both Golconda. The foundations of Pondicherry
internally and externally. were led by Martin in 1673. The trading
post at Chandranagar was established at the
In Bengal, the Company promoted
place given by the Nawab of Bengal Shaista
the cultivation of raw silk, while
Khan.
imposing service restrictions on the
sale of finished goods. Statement 3 is correct: Captain
Hawkins arrived in the court of Jahangir
With the disappearance of
in April 1609 itself. But the mission to
traditional dynasties, their nobility
was also buried. This led to a sharp
due to opposition from the Portuguese,
decline in demand for traditional
and Hawkins left Agra in November
luxury goods.
1611.
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11. Answer: (a) 13. Answer: (a)

Option (a) is correct: Option (a) is correct:
In the Western Coast, the English India Timeline of the events:
Company established their factories at Muhammadan Anglo Oriental College at
Agra, Ahmadabad, Baroda and Aligarh: Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan founded
Broach by 1619, under the control of Muhammadan Anglo Oriental College at
Aligarh in 1875. It became Aligarh Muslim
the president and council of the Surat
University 1920 where education was
factory which was established in the
imparted in both Western Arts and Sciences
year 1612. In the South-eastern Coast and Muslim Religion.
the East India Company established
Central Hindu College at Benaras: Annie
their factories at Masulipatam in 1611 Besant laid the foundation of the Central
and Armagaon near Pulicat in 1626. In Hindu College, Benaras in 1898 where both
Eastern India, East India Company Hindu religion and western scientific
established their factories at Hariharpur education was taught. Later that college
and Balasore (now Odisha) in 1633, at developed into Banaras Hindu University in
Hugli in 1651, followed by setting up 1916 by Madan Mohan Malviya.
factories at Patna, Dacca, Kasimbazar in Age of Consent Act: The tireless efforts of
Bengal and Bihar respectively. a Parsi reformer named B.M. Malabari,
were rewarded by the enactment of the Age
of Consent Act (1891) which prohibited the
12. Answer: (b) marriage of girls below the age of 12.
Option (b) is correct: Akali Movement: The Akali Movement or
About Alfonso De Albuquerque: the Gurudwara Reform Movement was a
Alfonso De Albuquerque established a campaign to bring reform in the gurdwaras
Portuguese stronghold on the mainland (the Sikh places of worship) in India during
in India and made the Portuguese flag the early 1920s.
supreme on the Indian Ocean. He 14. Answer: (b)
conquered Goa in 1510 from Bijapur Option (b) is correct:
(abolition of Sati) and established their Pair 1 is correct: In 1930, B. R.
domination from Hormuz in the Ambedkar founded the Depressed Class
Federation, entered national politics and
Persian Gulf to Malacca in Malaya.
raised the demand of the sectoral electorate.
Goa became the first bit of Indian
Pair 2 is not correct: The Justice Party,
territory to be under a European power
officially the South Indian Liberal
since the time of Alexander. Federation (SILF) was a political party in
Albuquerque developed a good the Madras Presidency of British India. It
relationship with Vijayanagar because was established in 1916 in Victoria Public
both had a common enemy that was the Hall in Madras by Dr C. Natesa Mudaliar
Deccan Sultanate. and co-founded by T. M. Nair, P.
Theagaraya Chetty and Alamelu Mangai
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Thayarammal. 16. Answer: (d)

Pair 3 is correct: Harijan Sevak Sangh was Option (d) is correct:
founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1932 to About Vaikom Satyagraha:
eradicate untouchability in India, working In 1924 Vaikom Satyagraha led by K.P
for Harijan or Dalit people and upliftment Kesava demanded throwing open of
of Depressed Class of India. temples and roads to untouchables.
The movement was centered at the Shiva
15. Answer: (a) temple at Vaikom, near Kottayam.
Option (a) is correct: The satyagraha was joined by from
Statement 1 is not correct: Jyotiba Phule Punjab and Madurai.
was a social activist, thinker, anti-caste Gandhi took a tour to Kerala to give his
social reformer and writer from support to the movement.
Maharashtra. He worked on eradication of In 1931 the movement was organized again
untouchability, the caste system and when the Civil Disobedience Movement
educating women and oppressed caste was suspended.
people. Jyotiba Phule and his wife,
The Poet Subramaniam Tirumambu
Savitribai Phule, were pioneers of women's
(singing sword of Kerala) led a group
education in India. In 1851 Jyotiba Phule
of 16 volunteers to Guruvayur.
and his wife started a new Girl's school in
Pune. In 1854 he was the first Indian to P.Krishna Pillai and A.K Gopalan
start a school for the untouchables. were among the Satyagrahis.
Statement 2 is correct: Vitthal Ramji
Shinde was one of the most important social 17. Answer: (c)
and religious reformers in Maharashtra. His Option (c) is correct:
greatest contribution was to attempt to Statement 1 is correct: Swadeshi
eradicate the practice of untouchability and Movement emphasised on self-reliance
bring about equality to the depressed thus contributing to revival of indigenous
classes in Indian society. In 1906, V. R. It fostered
Shinde founded the Depressed Class the indigenous industrial and other
Mission Society at Bombay. It was enterprises. For instance P.C. Ray
launched by the Prarthana Samaj as an organized Bengal Chemical Swadeshi
independent association to organize stores and even the great poet Rabindranath
educational facilities for lower castes. Tagore helped to open a swadeshi store.
Statement 3 is not correct: Mahad Swadeshi Enterprises such as Swadeshi
Satyagraha or Chavdar Tale Satyagraha textile mills, soap factories, banks,
was a satyagraha led by B. R. Ambedkar insurance companies, etc. were
on 20 March 1927 to allow untouchables to established. These enterprises were driven
use water in a public tank in Mahad by Swadeshi zeal and not with profit
(currently in Raigad district), Maharashtra. motive.
The day (20 March) is observed as Social Statement 2 is correct: As a part of the
Empowerment Day in India. Swadeshi movement, Bengal National
College, National Council of Education,
 11

and Bengal Institute of Technology were Pune. It was a translation of

founded to provide national education a Upanishadic hymns and poems into
National English.
with an
aim to organize a system of education
19. Answer: (c)
(literary, scientific and technical on
national lines and under our control. Option (c) is correct:
Madanapalle is a town in Andhra
18. Answer: (c) Pradesh, India. It is known for being
Option (c) is correct: the place where Rabindranath Tagore
translated the National Anthem from
Mahatma Gandhi played a key role in
Bengali to English.
transforming the content, ideology and
range of Indian politics during the
National Movement. With his entry into 20. Answer: (d)
politics there opened a new phase of Option (d) is correct:
struggle. He contributed his ideas and Prem Kumar Sehgal, Shah Nawaz
philosophy through his various writings Khan and Gurubaksh Singh Dhillon
were officers of the Indian National
Army whose trials were held in 1945 at
like Indian Opinion, Harijan, etc. the Red Fort in Delhi. This was the
Likewise, first trial of INA Prisoners of war.