GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU
DIRECT RECRUITMENT FOR THE
POST OF POST GRADUATE ASSISTANTS /
PHYSICAL EDUCATION DIRECTORS – GRADE-I
SYLLABUS
2024-2025
State Council of Educational Research and Training
Chennai - 600 006.
The wise
possess all
SUBJECT : COMPUTER SCIENCE
SYLLABUS
Unit I COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Number Systems: Introduction, Conversion from One Number System to
another, Digital Codes, Introduction – Weighted Binary Code, Non-Weighted
Binary Code, Alphanumeric Code, Error Detection and Error Correction
Codes.
Boolean Algebra: Introduction, Boolean Logic, Boolean Operations, Operator
Precedence, Laws of Boolean Algebra, Representation of Boolean Function,
Simplification methods in Boolean algebra.
Digital Logic Circuits and Components: Digital Computers, Logic Gates,
Boolean Algebra, Map Simplifications, Combinational Circuits, Flip-Flops,
Sequential Circuits, Integrated Circuits, Decoders, Multiplexers, Registers and
Counters, Memory Unit.
Basic Computer Organization and Design: Stored Program Organization
and Instruction Codes, Computer Registers, Computer Instructions, Timing
and Control, Instruction Cycle, Memory-Reference Instructions, Input-Output,
Interrupt.
Programming the Basic Computer: Machine Language, Assembly Language,
Assembler, Program Loops, Subroutines, Input-Output Programming.
Central Processing Unit: General Register Organization, Stack Organization,
Instruction Formats, Addressing Modes, RISC Computer, CISC Computer.
Input-Output Organization: Peripheral Devices, Input-Output Interface,
Asynchronous Data Transfer, Modes of Transfer, Priority Interrupt, DMA, Serial
Communication.
Memory Hierarchy: Main Memory, Auxiliary Memory, Associative Memory,
Cache Memory, Virtual Memory, Memory Management Hardware.
Unit II DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Database System Concepts and Architecture: Data Models, Schemas and
Instances, Three-Schema Architecture and Data Independence, Database
Languages and Interfaces, Centralized and Client/Server Architectures for
DBMS.
Data Modeling: Entity Relationship Diagrams, Relational Model, Constraints,
Languages, Design and Programming, Relational Database Schemas, Relational
Algebra and Relational Calculus, Codd Rules.
Normalization for Relational Databases: Functional Dependencies and
Normalization, Algorithms for Query Processing and Optimization, Transaction
Processing, Concurrency Control Techniques, Database Recovery Techniques,
Object and Object-Relational Databases, Database Security and Authorization.
Constraints and Views: Constraints and its types, Integrity constraints, Check
constraints, Referential constraints, Introduction to views, updates on views,
comparison between tables and views.
Transaction management and Concurrency control: Transaction
management, ACID properties, serializability and concurrency control, Lock
based concurrency control (2PL, Deadlocks), Time stamping methods, optimistic
methods, database recovery management.
Unit III SYSTEM SOFTWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEM
System Software: Machine, Assembly and High-Level Languages, Compilers
and Interpreters, Loading, Linking and Relocation, Macros, Debuggers.
Basics of Operating Systems: Operating System Structure, Operations and
Services, System Calls, Operating-System Design and Implementation, System
Boot.
Process Management: Process Scheduling and Operations, Inter-process
Communication, Communication in Client-Server Systems, Process
Synchronization, Critical-Section Problem, Peterson’s Solution, Semaphores,
Synchronization.
Threads: Multicore Programming, Multithreading Models, Thread Libraries,
Implicit Threading, Threading Issues.
CPU Scheduling: Scheduling Criteria and Algorithms, Thread Scheduling,
Multiple Processor Scheduling, Real-Time Scheduling.
Deadlocks: Deadlock Characterization, Methods for Handling Deadlocks,
Deadlock Prevention, Avoidance and Detection, Recovery from Deadlock.
Memory Management: Contiguous Memory Allocation, Swapping, Paging,
Segmentation, Demand Paging, Page Replacement, Allocation of Frames,
Thrashing, Memory-Mapped Files.
Unit IV DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS
Data Structures: Abstract data types, Arrays and their Applications, Sparse
Matrix, Stacks, Queues, Priority Queues, Linked Lists.
Trees and Graphs: Trees, Forest, Binary Tree, Threaded Binary Tree, Binary
Search Tree, AVL Tree, B Tree, B+ Tree, B* Tree, Graphs, Sorting and Searching
Algorithms, Hashing.
Performance Analysis of Algorithms and Recurrences: Time and Space
Complexities, Asymptotic Notation, Recurrence Relations.
Design Techniques: Divide and Conquer, Dynamic Programming, Greedy
Algorithms, Backtracking, Branch and Bound.
Graph Algorithms: Breadth-First Search, Depth-First Search, Shortest Paths,
Maximum Flow, Minimum Spanning Trees.
Advanced Algorithms: Parallel Algorithms for Sorting, Searching and Merging,
Approximation Algorithms, Randomized Algorithms.
Unit V DATA COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER NETWORKS
Data Communication: Components of a Data Communication System, Simplex,
Half Duplex and Duplex Modes of Communication, Analog and Digital Signals,
Noiseless and Noisy Channels, Bandwidth, Throughput and Latency, Digital and
Analog Transmission, Data Encoding and Modulation Techniques, Broadband
and Baseband Transmission, Multiplexing, Transmission Media, Transmission
Errors, Error Handling Mechanisms.
Computer Networks: Network Topologies, Local Area Networks, Metropolitan
Area Networks, Wide Area Network, Wireless Networks, Internet.
Network Models: Layered Architecture, OSI Reference Model and its Protocols,
TCP/IP Protocol Suite, Physical, Logical, Port and Specific Addresses, Switching
Techniques.
Functions of OSI and TCP/IP Layers: Framing, Error Detection and Correction,
Flow and Error Control, Sliding Window Protocol, HDLC, Multiple Access –
CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA, Reservation, Polling, Token Passing, FDMA, CDMA,
TDMA, Network Devices, Backbone Networks, Virtual LANs.
World Wide Web (WWW): Uniform Resource Locator (URL), Domain
Name Service (DNS), Mapping Names to Addresses and Addresses
to Names, Electronic Mail Architecture, SMTP, POP and IMAP, TELNET
and FTP.
Unit VI PROGRAMMING WITH C++
Language Design and Translation Issues: Programming Language Concepts,
Paradigms and Models, Programming Environments, Virtual Computers and
Binding Times, Programming Language Syntax, Stages in Translation, Formal
Transition Models.
Elementary Data Types: Properties of Types and Objects, Scalar and Composite
Data Types.
Object Oriented Programming: Class, Object, Encapsulation, Inheritance,
Abstract Class, Polymorphism.
Basics of C++: Tokens, Identifiers, Variables and Constants, Data types,
Operators, Control statements.
Functions: User-defined Functions, Parameter Passing, Virtual Functions.
Class and Objects: Constructors and Destructors, Overloading, Inheritance,
Templates.
Files and Event Handling: Streams and Files, Multi-file Programs, Exception
and Event Handling.
Unit VII PYTHON PROGRAMMING
Basics: Python interpreter and interactive mode, debugging, values and types:
int, float, Boolean, string and list, variables, expressions, statements, tuple
assignment, precedence of operators, comments.
Python libraries: Numpy, Pandas and Matplotlib, SciPy.
Conditionals: Boolean values and operators, conditional statements, Iteration:
statement, while, for, break, continue.
Functions: Functions types, return values, parameters, local and global scope,
function composition, recursion.
Strings: string slices, immutability, string functions and methods, string module,
Lists as arrays.
Lists: list operations, list slices, list methods, list loop, mutability, aliasing,
cloning lists, list parameters.
Tuples: tuple assignment, tuple as return value, Dictionaries: operations and
methods, advanced list processing – Iterator and generator.
Unit VIII WEB DEVELOPMENT
HTML: Introduction – Basic Tags-formatting and fonts, Working with colour.
Elements of HTML: Working with Tables, Working with Images, Working
with Links, List and Tables, Frame and Frameset, Forms and Controls.
CSS: Introduction to Cascading Style Sheet, using CSS background images,
colour and properties, Manipulating texts using fonts, border and boxes margins,
padding lists, positioning using CSS.
Menu and Division: Types of Style Sheets, Class and ID, selector, Inline Menu,
DIV and CSS layout.
JavaScript: Introduction to JavaScript, Understanding Variables, Loops and
Arrays, Functions, Working with alert, confirm and prompt boxes, Creating
Rollover image, Working with Operators, Events.
Unit IX PHP AND MYSQL
Basics of PHP: Evaluation of PHP, Basic Syntax, Defining variable and constant,
PHP Data type, Operator and Expression, Making Decisions, Doing Repetitive
task with looping, Mixing Decisions and looping with HTML.
Functions: Defining a function, Call by value and Call by reference, Recursive
function.
String Handling: Creating and accessing, String Searching and Replacing
String, Formatting String, String Related Library functions.
Array: Anatomy of an Array, Index based and Associative array, Accessing
array, Element Looping with Index based array, Looping with associative array.
Working with file and Directories: Understanding file and directory, Opening
and closing a file, Copying, renaming and deleting a file, working with directories,
Creating and deleting folder, File uploading and downloading.
MySQL: MySQL database connection, Creating a table with key constraints,
dropping a table, adding, retrieving, updating data, deleting data, Performing
additional queries (Joins and subqueries), Connecting to MySQL, Accessing
MySQL using PHP, Querying MySQL database with PHP.
Unit X CYBER SECURITY
Cyber Crime: Introduction to Cyber Crime, Malware type, Kinds of Cyber
Crime.
Cyber Security Techniques: Authentication, Encryption, Digital Signatures,
Antivirus, Firewall, Steganography.
Password Management: Guidelines for Secure Password, Two Step verification,
Generating Secure password, Using Password Manager, Enabling Two-step
verification, Securing Computer using antivirus.
Cryptography: Symmetric cipher model, cryptographic system, substitution
techniques, Caesar cipher, mono alphabetic ciphers, Hill ciphers, Transposition
techniques, steganography, Data encryption standard, The strength of DES.
Attacks: Investigating DoS Attacks, Types of DoS Attacks, Classification of
DoS Attacks, Techniques to Detect, DoS Attacks.
GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU
DIRECT RECRUITMENT FOR THE
POST OF POST GRADUATE ASSISTANTS /
PHYSICAL EDUCATION DIRECTORS – GRADE-I
SYLLABUS
2025-2026
State Council of Educational Research and Training
Chennai - 600 006.
The wise
possess all
SUBJECT : EDUCATION
SYLLABUS
Unit I PERSPECTIVES OF EDUCATION
Pre-primary Education – Universalisation of Elementary Education (UEE) –
Primary Education – Equalization of Education opportunities – Secondary and
Higher Education – SSA, RMSA, Samagra Shiksha, RUSA – Uniform Pattern of
Education – RTE Act, 2009 – Formal, Non-formal and In-formal – Enrolement,
Stagnation, Dropouts - Functional Literacy Programme – Open Schooling
– Delinking degrees from employment –– Brain drain Vocationalisation of
Education – Skill Development.
Education of the Socially Disadvantaged Groups: Tribal, Scheduled and
Marginalized groups – Special and Diverse needs of learners – Inclusive
education – Universal Design of Learning - Barriers in Education – Challenges
in affordability and accessibility of Education – Commissions and Committees in
Education (Pre-Independence, Post-Independence) - Constitutional Provisions -
Socialism, Secularism, Democracy, Sovereign and Egalitarian State - Central
and State Government Policies related to Education.
Unit II PHILOSOPHICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS
OF EDUCATION
Philosophical bases of Education – Metaphysics, Ontology, Epistemology,
Axiology – Schools of thought: Idealism, Naturalism, Realism, Pragmatism
– Propounding Indian Philosophers (Gandhiji, Tagore, Vivekananda,
J.Krishnamurti, Aurobindo) and Western Philosophers (Plato, Russell, Pestalozzi,
Rousseau, Froebel, Montessori, Dewey) in Education – Innovations emerged
from experiments in education.
Sociological bases of Education – Socialization, Social Stratification,
Mobility, Social Justice & Social Change – Sociologists (Auguste Comte,
Max Weber, Marx, Durkheim, Spencer, Paulo Freire) – Education
for International and National understanding – Peace, Value and
Environmental Education – Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization in
Education - UN-Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – Physical and Health
Education – Gender perspectives in Education.
Unit III HISTORY AND CULTURE OF TAMIL NADU
Historical development, Role of Social and Political movements in Education –
Initiatives for development: Establishment of State Universities and Educational
Infrastructure – Developmental aspects: Professional Education (Medical,
Engineering, Law, Teaching, Physical and Sports), Liberal Arts, Social Sciences
and Humanities –– Tamil Literature, Tradition & Culture: Art & Architecture –
Historical sites – Ethnic groups of Tamil Nadu – Freedom fighters & Women
leaders of social transformation of Tamil Nadu.
Unit IV CHILDHOOD & ADOLESCENCE
Psychology of Childhood & Adolescence – Stages of development (Early &
Later childhood & Adolescence) – Adolescent characteristics - Dimensions
of development (Cognitive, Physical, Psycho-Social, Emotional, Language,
Moral) – Theories: Piaget, Bruner, Erik Erickson, Daniel Goleman, Kohlberg)
– Developmental tasks and mental abilities – Individual differences –
Understanding Learners (Slow and Late-bloomers, Children with Special Needs
(CWSN) – Programmes for Diverse learners (Differentiated, Mediated, Remedial
& Enrichment)
Unit V LEARNING AND TEACHING
Learner, Learning Process and Learning characteristics – Factors contributing
to learning: Biological, Psychological, Socio-economic & Cultural - Memory,
Remembering and Forgetting – Learning Curve – Paradigms: Behaviourism,
Cognitivism, Constructivism, Humanism, Connectivism - Theories of Learning:
Trial & Error (Thorndike), Classical Conditioning (Pavlov), Operant Conditioning
(Skinner), Insight (Wolfgang Kohler), Gestalt theory – Transfer of learning.
Significance of Language in understanding curriculum and subjects –
Psycholinguistic - Types of Learning – Micro-Teaching: Skills & Components –
Lesson Planning – Learning Styles: Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic and Reading -
Teaching styles: Autocratic and Permissive – Teaching approaches: Teacher and
Student centered, Hybrid approaches – Outcome Based Education – Methods
of Teaching (Inductive, Deductive, Analytic, Heuristic, Project) – Models of
Teaching: Concept Attainment, Advanced-Organizers, Inquiry-Training) –
Teacher Attributes – Teacher autonomy and accountability.
Unit VI INTELLIGENCE & PERSONALITY
Psychological attributes: Cognitive abilities, Attention, Interest, Motivation,
Aptitude & Attitude, Value systems, Maslow’s hierarchical theory of Human
Needs – Achievement Motivation - Intelligence Basics & Theories (Single, Two-
factor, Triarchic, Group-Factor, Multi-Factor, Guilford’s Structure of Intellect,
Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence) – Creativity and
Intelligence – IQ & EQ – Assessment of Intelligence – Understanding Learning
difficulties and Learning disabilities (Dyslexia, Dyscalculia, Dysgraphia,
Dyspraxia)
Personality – Trait theories: Allport , R.B.Cattell, Eysenck, Type: Hippocrates,
Krestchmer, Sheldon, Carl Jung, Spranger – Assessment of Personality – Mental
Health & Mental Hygiene : Conflict & Frustration, Unrest – Adjustment: Defense
mechanisms – Guidance and Counselling .
Unit VII EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION
Test, Measurement, Assessment & Evaluation – Principles of Evaluation -
Characteristics of Test: Objectivity, Reliability, and Validity – Types: Formative,
Summative, Norm and Criterion Referenced Test –– Scholastic & Non-
Scholastic - Achievement Test – Diagnostic and Prognostic Tests – Continuous
and Comprehensive Evaluation - Standardization of an achievement test -
Table of weightages, Blue Print, Preparation of Question Paper, Scoring key,
Item analysis (Index of Difficulty & Discrimination), Reliability – Tools for
assessment: Observation, Interview, Portfolio, Rubrics, Peer-Reviews, Check-
lists, Rating Scales.
Unit VIII MANAGEMENT & ADMINISTRATION
Principles of Management – Structure of Educational management (Central, State
& Local levels) – Personnel, Material and Financial management: Functions
(POSDCORB) - SWOC Analyses in Educational Administration – Total Quality
Management (TQM) – Assessment and Accreditation of Educational Institutions
– Leadership theories and styles – Role of Administrators, School Heads,
Teachers and Stakeholders in Planning and Administration.
Unit IX CURRICULUM DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
Principles of Curriculum, Curriculum patterns (Teacher, Learner, Problem,
Subject, Activity/Experience, Broad-field) – Types (Core, Competency-Based,
Null, Hidden, Rhetoric) – Approaches to Curriculum Organisation (Topical,
Spiral, Logical, Psychological, Unitary & Integrated) – Curriculum Development
process - Models of Curriculum (Ralph Tyler, Wheeler, Hilda Taba, Stufflebeam)
– Curriculum Evaluation.
Unit X INSTRUCTIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Bloom’s and Revised Taxonomy of Educational Objectives - Levels of Teaching
(Memory, Understanding & Reflective) – Instructional designing – Programmed
learning (Principles, Types: Linear, Branched) – Systems approach – ADDIE
Model - Cybernetics – TPACK - FOSS- OER – MOOCs - Learning Management
Systems (LMS) - Smart Classroom, Blended Learning, Flipped Learning –
Augmented Reality - Virtual Modes (O-labs, Classrooms, Library) – Virtual
Reality – AI in Education.
GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU
DIRECT RECRUITMENT FOR THE
POST OF POST GRADUATE ASSISTANTS /
PHYSICAL EDUCATION DIRECTORS – GRADE-I
SYLLABUS
2025-2026
State Council of Educational Research and Training
Chennai - 600 006.
The wise
possess all
SUBJECT : GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
SYLLABUS
Unit I HISTORY OF INDIA
Indus Valley Civilisation – Vedic Period- Buddhism and Jainism- Mauryan
Empire-Guptas; Delhi Sultanate- Age of Vijayanagaram-Mughals and Marathas;
Arrival of Europeans- Early uprising against British rule-English Education
and Its impact- Westernisation and Modernisation-Birth of Indian National
Congress– Freedom Struggle.
Unit II HISTORY OF TAMIL NADU
Archaeological discoveries - Sangam literature; Pallavas – Imperial Cholas and
Later Pandyas- Nayaks-their contribution to art and Architecture; Palayakar
revolt against British Rule-Role of Tamil Nadu in freedom struggle-Justice
Party-Self-Respect Movement- Dravidian Movement.
Unit III INDIAN POLITY
Preamble to the Constitution - Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State
Policy-Centre-State Relations-Judiciary in India-Empowerment of Women–
Rights of Transgender.
Unit IV GEOGRAPHY
Salient features of Physical geography of India; Distribution of key natural
resources; Geographical phenomena such as earthquakes, tsunami, cyclones.
Unit V GENERAL SCIENCE
Scientific knowledge and scientific temper-Main concepts of life science;
evolution, nutrition, health and hygiene, human diseases; Environment and
Ecology.
Unit VI CURRENT AFFAIRS AND SPORTS
Recent achievements in national and international sports-contributions of
eminent authors.
Unit VII INDIAN ECONOMY
Planning, Mobilisation of resources, growth, development and employment;
Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country; e-technology in
the aid of farmers.
Unit VIII SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Latest inventions in science and technology. Indigenisation of technology and
developing new technology; achievements of Indians in science and technology;
application of Science and Technology in the area of IT, Space, Computers and
Robotics.
Unit IX APTITUDE AND MENTAL ABILITY
Simplification- Percentage – Highest Common Factor (HCF)- Lowest Common
Multiple (LCM)- Ratio and Proportion- Simple Interest- Compound Interest—
Area-Volume- Time and Work.
Unit X ABBREVIATIONS
Commonly used acronyms and abbreviations of national and international
organisations and institutes, as well as major government schemes.
