2.
Middlepiece contains mitochondria that supply the
Male Reproductive System energy needed to propel the sperm
Reproduction 3. Flagellum is responsible for the sperm’s movement
✓ biological process in which new individuals 4. Acrosome helps the sperm penetrate the egg's coats.
are produced in order to perpetuate the species.
Female Reproductive System
✓ form egg and sperm cells that transfer the
Ovaries
genetic material from one generation to the next.
✓ produce mature egg for fertilization.
❖ primary reproductive organs are the testes
✓ make the hormones estrogen and
❖ oval-shaped organs found inside a protective sac of progesterone
skin called scrotum Fallopian tube/Oviduct
Testes ✓ passageway through which an ovum
moves from the ovary to the uterus.
➢ inside the testes are clusters of coiled tubes called
seminiferous tubules, where sperm cells are produced ✓ takes about 3 to 4 days for an ovum to
(spermatogenesis) travel inside the oviduct.
➢ about 250 meters Cilia
➢ maturity and storage of sperm cells occur in a long ✓ help to move the egg and sperm through
tube called epididymis the fallopian tubes.
➢ matured sperm cells pass through the vas deferens Uterus
➢ sperm cells exit the body through the urethra ✓ hollow, fist-sized, inverted pear-shaped
muscular organ.
➢ penis male copulatory organ, functions to transfer
Three tissue layers:
sperm to the vagina.
1. Endometrium - inner lining, where embryo
➢ ejaculation is the discharge of semen from the male
is attached
reproductive tract
2. Myometrium - muscle layer
Prostate gland
3. Perimetrium - thin outer layer
✓ secretes thick, milky alkaline fluid to counteract the
acidic environment Endometrial hyperplasia
Seminal vesicle ✓ a condition in which the lining of the womb
becomes too thick.
✓ produces thick fluid that contains nutrients (fructose)
✓ in some women, this can lead to cancer of
Bulbourethral gland the
✓ produces the lubricating effect uterus.
Luteinizing hormone Cervix
✓ stimulates the production of sex hormone ✓ lower, narrow end of the uterus that
testosterone. connects the
Follicle-stimulating hormone uterus to the vagina.
✓ stimulates sperm production in the ✓ Birth Canal
seminiferous tubules. ✓ external os is the opening between the
cervix
and vagina.
Testosterone
Vagina
✓ stimulates sperm production and is responsible for
✓ long, elastic muscular canal.
the development of secondary male characteristics
during puberty ✓ passageway for blood and mucosal tissue
from the uterus to leave the body during a
The Human Sperm Cell and It’s Parts
menstrual period.
1. Head contains the chromosome. It is made up of
✓ holds sperm until they pass into the
nucleus covered by a cap called acrosome uterus.
Hymen The product of fertilization called a zygote.
✓ thin membrane that partially covers the ✓ about 7 to 10 days, the fertilized egg reach
vagina. the
✓ It has no known function, though it may uterus.
play a role in preventing bacteria and other
Placenta
foreign agents from entering the vagina.
✓ provides oxygen and nutrients to a
Copulation
growing baby.
✓ the process of sexual intercourse between
✓ removes waste products from the baby's
two individuals of the same species to
blood.
produce offspring and maintain generation
continuity. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
✓ pregnancy hormone that is detected when
you do a pregnancy test.
10 to 14 years
✓ menarche is the first discharge of blood
from
the vagina.
Ovarian cycle – prepares the egg for
maturation
✓ monthly release of an ovum from the
ovary is called ovulation
✓ FSH stimulates follicles on the ovary to
grow and prepare the eggs for ovulation.
✓ Follicles begin to produce estrogen.
Corpus luteum
✓ a yellow body, that makes the uterus a
healthy place for a fetus to grow.
Uterine Cycle
✓ menstrual cycle occurs in the uterus.
✓ controlled by the changing levels of
estrogen and
progesterone.
Menstruation
✓ when blood and tissue from the uterus
comes out of the vagina.
Menstrual phase last for about five days
Proliferative phase
✓ happens on days 6-14.
Secretory phase
✓ occurs from day 15 to day 28 of the cycle.
Egg Production
two million egg cells
400,000
✓ only 300 t0 500 will mature these are
called ova
Fertilization
