Answer Keys

Chapter 1
Coursebook
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1. a. Pine tree (answer may vary); b. Mangrove (answer may vary);
c. Foxtail (answer may vary); d. Cactus (answer may vary);
e. Banyan (answer may vary); f. Coconut (answer may vary)
2. a. Spongy body; b. Top of the surface;
c. Waxy coating, absorbing excess water; d. Submerged
Assessment Zone
A. 1. a; 2. c; 3. b; 4. a; 5. d
B. 1. Cactus (All others are aquatic plants); 2. Lotus (All others grow in hills);
3. Mango (All others grow in deserts); 4. Mangrove (All others grown in plains);
5. Palm (All others are floating plants)
C. 1. Tape grass; 2. Spruce; 3. Hollow stems; 4. Roots 5. Water lily
D. 1. The natural home of a plant or an animal is called its habitat.
2. Different types of terrestrial habitats are deserts, marshes, plains, forests, grasslands
and coastal regions.
3. Desert plants need adaptations:
OO to store large amounts of water.
OO to prevent the loss of water through transpiration.
OO to absorb as much water as possible from the ground.
4. Aquatic plants have spongy bodies that are filled with air. This makes them light and
helps them to float on water.
5.
Deciduous trees Evergreen trees
Deciduous trees shed their leaves seasonally. Evergreen trees keep their leaves
throughout the year.
These are adapted to tolerate cold and dry These are not adapted to tolerate cold
weather conditions. and dry weather conditions.
These trees have higher nutritional These trees have high nutritional
requirements as compared to evergreen trees. requirements.
Examples: Peepal and banyan trees Examples: Pine and spruce trees
F. 1. Aloe vera is a succulent plant. Like cactus, succulents do best in dry conditions so these
are adapted to desert habitat.
2.
Cactus plant Pine tree
Cactus plants are found in deserts so they Pine plants are found in hills so they
have adapted themselves for hot, dry and have adapted themselves for cold and
sandy conditions. windy conditions.

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 The leaves of the cactus plant are modified The leaves of the pine tree are needle-
into thin and sharp spines which prevent shaped. They are tough and coated with
the loss of water through transpiration. wax. Thus, they do not get damaged by
extreme cold.

3. M
 angrove trees grow in marshes. Their roots do not get air under the soil. So, they grow
above the soil to breathe. Floating plants do not have roots and they float with the flow
of water.
4. Xerophytes:
OO They have succulent stem which can store large amounts of water.
OO The leaves are modified into thin and sharp spines which prevent the loss of water
through transpiration.
OO The roots of xerophytes are deep and wide spread under the soil to absorb maximum
amount of water.
Hydrophytes:
OO Floating plants have spongy bodies filled with air. This makes them light and helps
them to float on water.
OO Fixed aquatic plants have long and hollow stems. This helps the plants to stay
afloat. Their soft and flexible stems bend with the flow of water. This prevents them
from getting damaged by strong water currents.
OO The waxy coating on their leaves prevents them from rotting.
5. Some aquatic plants have long and hollow stems with large air spaces. This helps the
plants to stay afloat. Their soft and flexible stems bend with the flow of water. This
prevents them from getting damaged by strong water currents.
6. a. This shape allows water and snow to slide down the leaves easily.
b. This shape prevents the loss of water through transpiration.
c. Waxy coating on the surface of leaves of aquatic plants prevents them from
absorbing excessive water and getting wrinkled.
d. Mangrove trees have breathing roots because they grow in marshes. Their roots do
not get air under the soil so they grow above the soil to breathe.
e. Tape grass has narrow, ribbon-like leaves which bend in the flowing water. This
finely dissected leaves offers little resistance to water currents.

Worksheet 1
A. 1. Aquatic 2. Succulent 3. Coniferous
4. Mangrove 5. Deciduous
B. 1. Banyan, it is deciduous plant whereas others are evergreen.
2. Peepal, it is deciduous whereas others are evergreen.
3. Pine, it grows in hills whereas others grow in deserts.
4. Mangrove, it grows in marshes whereas others grow in hilly areas.
C. 1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (b)

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 Worksheet 2
A. 1. Floating 2. Fixed 3. Underwater
4. Fixed 5. Underwater 6. Floating
B. 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (d)
C. 1. Lotus 2. Rosewood 3. Coconut 4. Foxtail 5. Duckweed

Worksheet 3
A. 1. Palm tree, deserts 2. Pine tree, hills 3. Mangrove, marshes
4. Banyan tree, plains 5. Coconut tree, coastal region
B. 1. False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True
C. 1. Marshes have plenty of water and clayey soil with little air spaces so, the plants in
marshes are adapted to have their roots grows above soil. E.g. Mangrove.
2. Plains have moderate climate i.e. neither too hot like deserts and nor too cold like hills.
Trees like peepal and banyan are adapted to grow in plains.
3. Underwater region like river and sea with organisms living underwater needs to
breathe from water only. Plants like hydrilla and tape grass have small air spaces in
their stems and absorb carbon dioxide and oxygen dissolved in water.
4. Grasslands are large area of lands covered with grasses and wild flowers. Plants in
grasslands have deep roots to absorb water from deep in the soil. Foxtail and ryegrass
are some plants in grasslands.
5. Forests are regions that are thickly populated with different kinds of plants and they
experience heavy rainfalls. Soil found here is shallow. Plants grown here have special
roots to help them stand firmly in the soil. Rosewood and mahogany are some examples.

Differentiated Worksheet
G R A S S L A N D U
A F S V C P I G E T
G F L O A T I N G E
T D R C V T H E X H
W M Y W L E U W M C
X E R O P H Y T E S
P Z A H H I V R R J
P S U B M E R G E D
I X L C E A S T A T
N G S Q G E E L N A
E C O A S T A L W L
L H E F B N M S C E
B M A N G R O V E Y

1. Xerophytes 2. Pine 3. Mangrove 4. Grassland

5. Floating 6. Submerged 7. Coastal

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