DON HONORIO VENTURA TECHNOLOGICAL STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PHILOSOPHY

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WORK

S.Y. 2015-2016

1ST SEMESTER

SUBMITTED TO:

RESEARCHED AND SUBMITTED BY:

NEIL JOSEPH S. VILLEGAS

BATCH 5
Millennium
Development
Goal
World’s existing problems according to United Nation:

1. 1.2 billion people live with less than 1 US dollar per day
2. 800 million people are malnourished
3. 153 million children are below their ideal weight
4. 115 million children are not enrolled in school
5. 64% of the worlds illiterate population are women
6. 80% of the worlds refugee are women
7. 60% of children not enrolled in primary school are women
8. Every year 10 million children die of preventable diseases
9. Annually 500 thousand women die when giving birth or during pregnancy
10.In the year 2000, 22 million people had died of AIDS
11.13 million children lost their parents to the HIV virus, while 40 million
people live with the virus
12.Annually, 300 million cases of malaria are detected
13.Annually, 600 million people are infected by tuberculosis
14.In 2000, 1 billion people in developing countries didn’t have access to
drinkable water
15.2.4 billion People didn’t have access to sanitary services,

thus developed the MDG’s to respond to this problem.

The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015

Overview
At the beginning of the new millennium, world leaders gathered at the United
Nations to shape a broad vision to fight poverty in its many dimensions. That
vision, which was translated into eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs),
has remained the overarching development framework for the world for the past
15 years. As we reach the end of the MDG period, the world community has
reason to celebrate. Thanks to concerted global, regional, national and local
efforts, the MDGs have saved the lives of millions and improved conditions for
many more.

The data and analysis presented in this report prove that, with targeted
interventions, sound strategies, and adequate resources and political will, even
the poorest countries can make dramatic and an extraordinary progress. The
report also acknowledges uneven achievements and shortfalls in many areas.
The work is not complete, and it must continue in the new development era.

The Eight (8) Millennium Development Goals

1. To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

2. To achieve universal primary education
3. To promote gender equality
4. To reduce child mortality
5. To improve maternal health
6. To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
7. To ensure environmental sustainability
8. To develop a global partnership for development

Extraordinary efforts have resulted in profound

achievements
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Extreme poverty rate in developing countries

1990 47%

2015 14%
 Global number of extreme poor

1990 1995 2015

•• Extreme poverty has declined significantly over the last two decades. In
1990,nearly half of the population in the developing world lived on less
than $1.25 a day; that proportion dropped to 14 percent in 2015.

•• Globally, the number of people living in extreme poverty has declined

by morethan half, falling from 1.9 billion in 1990 to 836 million in 2015.
Most progress has occurred since 2000.

•• The number of people in the working middle class—living on more than

$4 aday—has almost tripled between 1991 and 2015. This group now
makes up half the workforce in the developing regions, up from just 18
per cent in 1991.

•• The proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions

has fallenby almost half since 1990, from 23.3 per cent in 1990–1992
to 12.9 per cent in2014–2016.

Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education

Global out-of-school children of primary school age

2000 100 million

57 million
2015
 60% 52%

40%

20%

0
1990 2000 2015

•• The primary school net enrolment rate in the developing regions has
reached 91 percent in 2015, up from 83 per cent in 2000.

•• The number of out-of-school children of primary school age worldwide

has fallenby almost half, to an estimated 57 million in 2015, down from
100 million in 2000.

•• Sub-Saharan Africa has had the best record of improvement in primary

educationof any region since the MDGs were established. The region
achieved a
20 percentage point increase in the net enrolment rate from 2000 to
2015, compared to a gain of 8 percentage points between 1990 and
2000.

•• The literacy rate among youth aged 15 to 24 has increased globally

from 83 percent to 91 per cent between 1990 and 2015. The gap
between women and men has narrowed.

Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women

•• Many more girls are now in school compared to 15 years ago. The
developingregions as a whole have achieved the target to eliminate
gender disparity in primary, secondary and tertiary education.

•• In Southern Asia, only 74 girls were enrolled in primary school for every
100 boys in1990. Today, 103 girls are enrolled for every 100 boys.

•• Women now make up 41 per cent of paid workers outside the

agricultural sector, anincrease from 35 per cent in 1990.

•• Between 1991 and 2015, the proportion of women in vulnerable

 employment as ashare of total female employment has declined 13
percentage points. In contrast, vulnerable employment among men fell
by 9 percentage points.

•• Women have gained ground in parliamentary representation in nearly

90 per centof the 174 countries with data over the past 20 years. The
average proportion of women in parliament has nearly doubled during
the same period. Yet still only one in five members are women.

Goal 4: Reduce child mortality

1990 127 million

015 6 million

100%

80% 73%

60%

40%

20%

0
2000 2013

•• The global under-five mortality rate has declined by more than half,
dropping from
90 to 43 deaths per 1,000 live births between 1990 and 2015.

•• Despite population growth in the developing regions, the number of

deaths ofchildren under five has declined from 12.7 million in 1990 to
almost 6 million in
2015 globally.

•• Since the early 1990s, the rate of reduction of under-five mortality

has more thantripled globally.

•• In sub-Saharan Africa, the annual rate of reduction of under-five

mortality was overfive times faster during 2005–2013 than it was during
1990–1995.

•• Measles vaccination helped prevent nearly 15.6 million deaths

between 2000 and2013. The number of globally reported measles cases
 declined by 67 per cent for the same period.

•• About 84 per cent of children worldwide received at least one dose of

measles-containing vaccine in 2013, up from 73 per cent in 2000.

Goal 5: Improve maternal HEALTH

Global maternal mortality

ratio (deaths per 100,000
live births)

 Since 1990, the maternal mortality ratio has declined by 45 per

cent worldwide, and most of the reduction has occurred since
2000.

 In Southern Asia, the maternal mortality ratio declined by 64 per

cent between 1990 and 2013, and in sub-Saharan Africa it fell by
49 per cent.

 More than 71 per cent of births were assisted by skilled health

personnel globally in 2014, an increase from 59 per cent in 1990.

 In Northern Africa, the proportion of pregnant women who received

four or more antenatal visits increased from 50 per cent to 89
percent between 1990 and 2014.
 Contraceptive prevalence among women aged 15 to 49, married or
in a union, increased from 55 per cent in 1990 worldwide to 64 per
cent in 2015.

Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

•• New HIV infections fell by approximately 40 per cent between 2000
and 2013,from an estimated 3.5 million cases to 2.1 million.

•• By June 2014, 13.6 million people living with HIV were receiving
antiretroviraltherapy (ART) globally, an immense increase from just
800,000 in 2003. ART averted 7.6 million deaths from AIDS between
1995 and 2013.

•• Over 6.2 million malaria deaths have been averted between 2000 and
2015,primarily of children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa.
The global malaria incidence rate has fallen by an estimated 37 per cent
and the mortality rate by 58 per cent.

•• More than 900 million insecticide-treated mosquito nets were

delivered tomalaria-endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa between
2004 and 2014.

•• Between 2000 and 2013, tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis and

treatmentinterventions saved an estimated 37 million lives. The
tuberculosis mortality rate

Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability

1.9 billion people have gained access to piped drinking water

since 1990

98% of ozone-depleting substances eliminated since 1990

•• Ozone-depleting substances have been virtually eliminated since

 1990, and theozone layer is expected to recover by the middle of this
century.

•• Terrestrial and marine protected areas in many regions have increased

substantiallysince 1990. In Latin America and the Caribbean, coverage of
terrestrial protected areas rose from 8.8 per cent to 23.4 per cent
between 1990 and 2014.

•• In 2015, 91 per cent of the global population is using an improved

drinking watersource, compared to 76 per cent in 1990.

•• Of the 2.6 billion people who have gained access to improved drinking
water since1990, 1.9 billion gained access to piped drinking water on
premises. Over half of the global population (58 per cent) now enjoys this
higher level of service.

•• Globally, 147 countries have met the drinking water target, 95

countries have metthe sanitation target and 77 countries have met both.

•• Worldwide, 2.1 billion people have gained access to improved

sanitation. Theproportion of people practicing open defecation has
fallen almost by half since
1990.

•• The proportion of urban population living in slums in the developing

regions fellfrom approximately 39.4 per cent in 2000 to 29.7 per cent in
2014

Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development

•• Official development assistance from developed countries increased by

66 per centin real terms between 2000 and 2014, reaching $135.2 billion.

•• In 2014, Denmark, Luxembourg, Norway, Sweden and the United

Kingdomcontinued to exceed the United Nations official development
assistance target of
0.7 per cent of gross national income.

•• In 2014, 79 per cent of imports from developing to developed

countries wereadmitted duty free, up from 65 per cent in 2000.
•• The proportion of external debt service to export revenue in developing
countriesfell from 12 per cent in 2000 to 3 per cent in 2013.

•• As of 2015, 95 per cent of the world’s population is covered by a

mobile-cellularsignal.

•• The number of mobile-cellular subscriptions has grown almost tenfold in

the last 15years, from 738 million in 2000 to over 7 billion in 2015.

•• Internet penetration has grown from just over 6 per cent of the world’s
populationin 2000 to 43 per cent in 2015. As a result, 3.2 billion people
are linked to a global network of content and applications.

Goals and and Their Targets

Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

 Target 1A: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of
people living on less than $1.25 a day
 Poverty gap ratio [incidence x depth of poverty]
 Share of poorest quintile in national consumption
 Target 1B: Achieve Decent Employment for Women, Men, and
Young People
 GDP Growth per Employed Person
 Employment Rate
 Proportion of employed population below $1.25 per day (PPP
values)
 Proportion of family-based workers in employed population
 Target 1C: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of
people who suffer from hunger
 Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy
consumption
Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education

 Target 2A: By 2015, all children can complete a full course

of primary schooling, girls and boys
 Enrolment in primary education
 Completion of primary education
Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women

 Target 3A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and

secondary education preferably by 2005, and at all levels by
2015
 Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education
 Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector
 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality rates

 Target 4A: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the

under-five mortality rate
 Under-five mortality rate
 Infant (under 1) mortality rate
 Proportion of 1-year-old children immunized against measles
Goal 5: Improve maternal health

 Target 5A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015,

the maternal mortality ratio
 Maternal mortality ratio
 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel
 Target 5B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive
health
 Contraceptive prevalence rate
 Adolescent birth rate
 Antenatal care coverage
 Unmet need for family planning
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases

 Target 6A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the

spread of HIV/AIDS
 HIV prevalence among population aged 15–24 years
 Condom use at last high-risk sex
 Proportion of population aged 15–24 years with comprehensive
correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS
 Target 6B: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for
HIV/AIDS for all those who need it
 Proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access to
antiretroviral drugs
 Target 6C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the
incidence of malaria and other major diseases
 Prevalence and death rates associated with malaria
 Proportion of children under 5 sleeping under insecticide-treated
bednets
 Proportion of children under 5 with fever who are treated with
appropriate anti-malarial drugs
 Incidence, prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis
 Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under DOTS
(Directly Observed Treatment Short Course)
2013 educational improvement
Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability

 Target 7A: Integrate the principles of sustainable

development into country policies and programs; reverse loss
of environmental resources
 Target 7B: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a
significant reduction in the rate of loss
 Proportion of land area covered by forest
 CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP)
 Consumption of ozone-depleting substances
 Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limits
 Proportion of total water resources used
 Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected
 Proportion of species threatened with extinction
 Target 7C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population
without sustainable access to safe drinking water and
basic sanitation
 Proportion of population with sustainable access to an improved
water source, urban and rural
 Proportion of urban population with access to improved sanitation
 Target 7D: By 2020, to have achieved a significant
improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum-dwellers
 Proportion of urban population living in slums
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development

 Target 8A: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable,

non-discriminatory trading and financial system
 Includes a commitment to good governance, development,
and poverty reduction – both nationally and internationally
 Target 8B: Address the Special Needs of the Least Developed
Countries (LDCs)
 Includes: tariff and quota free access for LDC exports; enhanced
programme of debt relief for HIPC and cancellation of
official bilateral debt; and more generous ODA (Official
Development Assistance) for countries committed to poverty
reduction
 Target 8C: Address the special needs of landlocked developing
countries and small island developing States
 Through the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development
of Small Island Developing States and the outcome of the twenty-
second special session of the General Assembly
 Target 8D: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of
developing countries through national and international
measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term
 Some of the indicators listed below are monitored separately for the
least developed countries (LDCs), Africa, landlocked developing
countries and small island developing States.
 Official development assistance (ODA):
 Net ODA, total and to LDCs, as percentage of OECD/DAC donors’
GNI
  Proportion of total sector-allocable ODA of OECD/DAC donors to
basic social services (basic education, primary health care,
nutrition, safe water and sanitation)
 Proportion of bilateral ODA of OECD/DAC donors that is untied
 ODA received in landlocked countries as proportion of their GNIs
 ODA received in small island developing States as proportion of
their GNIs
 Market access:
 Proportion of total developed country imports (by value and
excluding arms) from developing countries and from LDCs,
admitted free of duty
 Average tariffs imposed by developed countries on agricultural
products and textiles and clothing from developing countries
 Agricultural support estimate for OECD countries as percentage
of their GDP
 Proportion of ODA provided to help build trade capacity
 Debt sustainability:
 Total number of countries that have reached their HIPC decision
points and number that have reached their HIPC completion
points (cumulative)
 Debt relief committed under HIPC initiative, US$
 Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and services
 Target 8E: In co-operation with pharmaceutical companies,
provide access to affordable, essential drugs in developing
countries
 Proportion of population with access to affordable essential drugs
on a sustainable basis
 Target 8F: In co-operation with the private sector, make
available the benefits of new technologies,
especially information and communications
 Telephone lines and cellular subscribers per 100 population
 Personal computers in use per 100 population
 Internet users per 100 Population.
PHILIPPINE PROGRESS REPORT ON THE MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL
According to the 5th Philippine Progress Report on the MDGs launched on
Wednesday, August 20,2015, the Philippines has a good chance of
meeting half of the 8 MDGs.

These 4 MDGs are:

 Achieving universal primary education

 Reducing child mortality
 Promoting gender equality
 Ensuring environmental sustainability

*However, the Philippines only has a "medium probability" of ending

income poverty and malnutrition among children

*The country has a "low probability" of improving maternal health and

combating HIV/AIDs.
*There were also specific aspects of the education and gender equality
MDGs which the Philippines have a low probability of solving:

 Ability of schools to keep students from dropping out

 Gender inequality when it comes to political participation

Education targets
The particularly rosy aspect of the campaign for universal primary
education is the country's net enrollment ratio (NER).

The NER is the number of students in a certain age group meant for a
certain education level out of the total population of that age group. The
higher the NER, the higher the enrolment of the school-age population.

In 2012, the Philippines achieved 95.2% NER from 85.1% in 1991 showing
an improvement of 10.1%. However, the 2012 NER was a step down from
the 2011 NER which was at 97.3%.

According to Education Secretary Bro Armin Luistro, around 98% to 99%

of the 25 million Filipinos aged 5 to 17 years old are enrolled.

There are students who drop out because of health concerns. But the real
problem are kids who are not even allowed to go to school by their
parents.
Infant, maternal mortality
It is also highly probable that the Philippines can achieve the
2015 target of reducing the mortality rate of children under 5 by
two-thirds.

In 1990, the number of children under 5 who died was 80 out of

1,000 live births. In 2011, the number decreased to 30, not far
from the 2015 target of 26.7.

In 1990, the number of infant deaths was at 57 per 1,000 live

births. In 2011, the number was down to 22. The 2015 target is
19.

According to the report, the maternal mortality ratio even

increased from 209 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1990 to 221
deaths in 2011. The country has a year left to bring that number
to the target: 52.

The Philippines also has a low chance of meeting targets to

combat HIV/AIDs. Though prevalence of the disease is still less
than 1%, the number of new HIV cases has been increasing.

There were only 66 HIV/AIDs cases reported in 1990 while in

2013, the number was at 4,814.

Meanwhile, the Philippines is winning the fight against

tuberculosis and malaria. For both these diseases, mortality rate
was reduced from 1990 to 2011.

Tuberculosis mortality rate was at 58 in 100,000 people in 1990.

In 2011, it was slashed to 29.

Malaria mortality rate was at 1.5 deaths per 100,000 people in

1990. In 2012, the number was brought down to 0.01.
Poverty, hunger

The Philippines has a "medium probability" of meeting the

Millennium Development Goal of eradicating extreme poverty and
hunger.

As of 2012, the poverty incidence among the population was at

25.2%. While it is an improvement from the 34.4% figure in 1991,
it's still not close to the 17.2% target for 2015.
The Philippines needs to work harder to fight hunger. The 2011
prevalence of underweight-for-age children under 5 years old was
at 20.2%. By 2015, that number must be brought down to 13.6%.

There are also still plenty of families which eat below the dietary
energy requirement. In 2008, 66.9% of households fell under this
category – far from the 37.1% target in 2015.

'Green' achievements

The Philippines can be proud of its commitment to the Millennium

Development Goal of ensuring environmental sustainability.

The Philippines has surpassed its 2015 target to ensure that

83.8% of the population has access to sanitary toilet facilities,
claims the report.

As early as 2011, 91.6% of the population was said to have

access to clean toilets.

The country is also on track in ensuring 86.5% of the population

has access to safe water by 2015. In 2011, 84.4% of the
population already enjoyed such access.

The Philippines has also increased its forest cover from 20.5% of
the country's total land area in 1990 to 22.8% in 2010. However,
the 2010 figure was a drop from the forest cover in 2003 which
was at 23.9%.

This means that from 2003 to 2010, the country lost 4.59% (more
than 320,000 hectares) of forest cover.