User’s Manual

HEIDENHAIN
Conversational
Programming

TNC 320

NC Software
340 551-01

English (en)
3/2006
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TNC Model, Software and Features
This manual describes functions and features provided by TNCs as of
the following NC software numbers.

TNC model NC software number

TNC 320 340 551-xx

The machine tool builder adapts the usable features of the TNC to his
machine by setting machine parameters. Some of the functions
described in this manual may not be among the features provided by
your machine tool.
TNC functions that may not be available on your machine include:
„ Probing function for the 3-D touch probe
„ Rigid tapping
„ Returning to the contour after an interruption
In addition, the TNC 320 also has software options that can be enabled
by your machine tool builder.

Software option
1st additional axis for 4 axes and open-loop spindle

2nd additional axis for 5 axes and open-loop spindle

Please contact your machine tool builder to become familiar with the
features of your machine.
Many machine manufacturers, as well as HEIDENHAIN, offer
programming courses for the TNCs. We recommend these courses as
an effective way of improving your programming skill and sharing
information and ideas with other TNC users.

Location of use
The TNC complies with the limits for a Class A device in accordance
with the specifications in EN 55022, and is intended for use primarily
in industrially-zoned areas.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 5

Contents Introduction
1
Manual Operation and Setup
2
Positioning with Manual Data Input
(MDI) 3
Programming: Fundamentals of File
Management, Programming Aids 4
Programming: Tools
5
Programming: Programming Contours
6
Programming: Miscellaneous Functions
7
Programming: Cycles
8
Programming: Subprograms and
Program Section Repeats 9
Programming: Q Parameters
10
Test Run and Program Run
11
MOD Functions
12
Touch Probe Cycles
13
Technical Information
14

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 7

1 Introduction ..... 27
1.1 The TNC 320 ..... 28
Programming: HEIDENHAIN conversational format ..... 28
Compatibility ..... 28
1.2 Visual Display Unit and Operating Panel ..... 29
Visual display unit ..... 29
Screen layout ..... 29
Operating panel ..... 30
1.3 Modes of Operation ..... 31
Manual operation and electronic handwheel ..... 31
Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI) ..... 31
Programming and editing ..... 31
Test Run ..... 32
Program Run, Full Sequence and Program Run, Single Block ..... 32
1.4 Status Displays ..... 33
“General” status display ..... 33
Additional status displays ..... 34
1.5 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic Handwheels ..... 37
3-D touch probes ..... 37
HR electronic handwheels ..... 37

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 9

2 Manual Operation and Setup ..... 39
2.1 Switch-On, Switch-Off ..... 40
Switch-on ..... 40
Switch-off ..... 41
2.2 Moving the Machine Axes ..... 42
Note ..... 42
To traverse with the machine axis direction buttons: ..... 42
Incremental jog positioning ..... 43
Traversing with the HR 410 electronic handwheel ..... 44
2.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M ..... 45
Function ..... 45
Entering values ..... 45
Changing the spindle speed and feed rate ..... 46
2.4 Datum Setting (Without a 3-D Touch Probe) ..... 47
Note ..... 47
Preparation ..... 47
Datum setting with axis keys ..... 47

10
3 Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI) ..... 49
3.1 Programming and Executing Simple Machining Operations ..... 50
Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI) ..... 50
Protecting and erasing programs in $MDI ..... 52

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 11

4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids ..... 53
4.1 Fundamentals ..... 54
Position encoders and reference marks ..... 54
Reference system ..... 54
Reference system on milling machines ..... 55
Polar coordinates ..... 56
Absolute and incremental workpiece positions ..... 57
Setting the datum ..... 58
4.2 File Management: Fundamentals ..... 59
Files ..... 59
Screen keypad ..... 60
Data backup ..... 60
4.3 Working with the File Manager ..... 61
Directories ..... 61
Paths ..... 61
Overview: Functions of the file manager ..... 62
Calling the file manager ..... 63
Selecting drives, directories and files ..... 64
Creating a new directory ..... 65
Copying a single file ..... 66
Copying a directory ..... 66
Choosing one of the last 10 files selected ..... 67
Deleting a file ..... 67
Deleting a directory ..... 67
Marking files ..... 68
Renaming a file ..... 69
File sorting ..... 69
Additional functions ..... 69
Data transfer to or from an external data medium ..... 70
Copying files into another directory ..... 72
The TNC in a network ..... 73
USB devices on the TNC ..... 74
4.4 Creating and Writing Programs ..... 75
Organization of an NC program in HEIDENHAIN conversational format ..... 75
Defining the blank form – BLK FORM ..... 75
Creating a new part program ..... 76
Programming tool movements in conversational format ..... 78
Actual position capture ..... 79
Editing a program ..... 80
The TNC search function ..... 83

12
 4.5 Interactive Programming Graphics ..... 85
Generating / Not generating graphics during programming: ..... 85
Generating a graphic for an existing program ..... 85
Block number display ON/OFF ..... 86
Erasing the graphic ..... 86
Magnifying or reducing a detail ..... 86
4.6 Adding Comments ..... 87
Function ..... 87
Adding a comment line ..... 87
Functions for editing of the comment ..... 87
4.7 Integrated Pocket Calculator ..... 88
Operation ..... 88
4.8 The Error Messages ..... 90
Display of errors ..... 90
Open the error window. ..... 90
Close the error window ..... 90
Detailed error messages ..... 91
DETAILS soft key ..... 91
Clearing errors ..... 91
Error log file ..... 92
Keystroke log file ..... 92
Informational texts ..... 93
Saving service files ..... 93

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 13

5 Programming: Tools ..... 95
5.1 Entering Tool-Related Data ..... 96
Feed rate F ..... 96
Spindle speed S ..... 97
5.2 Tool Data ..... 98
Requirements for tool compensation ..... 98
Tool numbers and tool names ..... 98
Tool length L ..... 98
Tool radius R ..... 99
Delta values for lengths and radii ..... 99
Entering tool data into the program ..... 99
Entering tool data in the table ..... 100
Pocket table for tool changer ..... 104
Calling tool data ..... 106
Tool change ..... 107
5.3 Tool Compensation ..... 109
Introduction ..... 109
Tool length compensation ..... 109
Tool radius compensation ..... 110

14
6 Programming: Programming Contours ..... 113
6.1 Tool Movements ..... 114
Path functions ..... 114
FK Free Contour Programming ..... 114
Miscellaneous functions M ..... 114
Subprograms and program section repeats ..... 114
Programming with Q parameters ..... 114
6.2 Fundamentals of Path Functions ..... 115
Programming tool movements for workpiece machining ..... 115
6.3 Contour Approach and Departure ..... 119
Overview: Types of paths for contour approach and departure ..... 119
Important positions for approach and departure ..... 119
Approaching on a straight line with tangential connection: APPR LT ..... 121
Approaching on a straight line perpendicular to the first contour point: APPR LN ..... 121
Approaching on a circular path with tangential connection: APPR CT ..... 122
Approaching on a circular arc with tangential connection from a straight line to the contour: APPR LCT ..... 122
Departing on a straight line with tangential connection: DEP LT ..... 123
Departing on a straight line perpendicular to the last contour point: DEP LN ..... 123
Departure on a circular path with tangential connection: DEP CT ..... 124
Departing on a circular arc tangentially connecting the contour and a straight line: DEP LCT ..... 124
6.4 Path Contours—Cartesian Coordinates ..... 125
Overview of path functions ..... 125
Straight Line L ..... 125
Inserting a Chamfer CHF between Two Straight Lines ..... 126
Corner Rounding RND ..... 127
Circle center CC ..... 128
Circular path C around circle center CC ..... 129
Circular path CR with defined radius ..... 129
Circular Path CT with Tangential Connection ..... 131
6.5 Path Contours—Polar Coordinates ..... 136
Overview ..... 136
Polar coordinate origin: Pole CC ..... 136
Straight line LP ..... 137
Circular path CP around pole CC ..... 137
Circular Path CTP with Tangential Connection ..... 138
Helical interpolation ..... 138

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 15

 6.6 Path Contours—FK Free Contour Programming ..... 143
Fundamentals ..... 143
Graphics during FK programming ..... 144
Initiating the FK dialog ..... 145
Free programming of straight lines ..... 146
Free programming of circular arcs ..... 146
Input possibilities ..... 147
Auxiliary points ..... 150
Relative data ..... 151

16
7 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions ..... 159
7.1 Entering Miscellaneous Functions M and STOP ..... 160
Fundamentals ..... 160
7.2 Miscellaneous Functions for Program Run Control, Spindle and Coolant ..... 162
Overview ..... 162
7.3 Programming machine-referenced coordinates: M91/M92 ..... 163
Programming machine-referenced coordinates: M91/M92 ..... 163
7.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior ..... 165
Machining small contour steps: M97 ..... 165
Machining open contours: M98 ..... 167
Feed rate for circular arcs: M109/M110/M111 ..... 167
Calculating the radius-compensated path in advance (LOOK AHEAD): M120 ..... 168
Superimposing handwheel positioning during program run: M118 ..... 169
Retraction from the contour in the tool-axis direction: M140 ..... 169
Suppressing touch probe monitoring: M141 ..... 170
Delete basic rotation: M143 ..... 171
Automatically retract tool from the contour at an NC stop: M148 ..... 171
7.5 Miscellaneous Functions for Rotary Axes ..... 172
Feed rate in mm/min on rotary axes A, B, C: M116 ..... 172
Shorter-path traverse of rotary axes: M126 ..... 173
Reducing display of a rotary axis to a value less than 360°: M94 ..... 174

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 17

8 Programming: Cycles ..... 175
8.1 Working with Cycles ..... 176
Machine-specific cycles ..... 176
Defining a cycle using soft keys ..... 177
Defining a cycle using the GOTO function ..... 177
Calling cycles ..... 179
8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling ..... 180
Overview ..... 180
DRILLING (Cycle 200) ..... 182
REAMING (Cycle 201) ..... 184
BORING (Cycle 202) ..... 186
UNIVERSAL DRILLING (Cycle 203) ..... 188
BACK BORING (Cycle 204) ..... 190
UNIVERSAL PECKING (Cycle 205) ..... 192
BORE MILLING (Cycle 208) ..... 195
TAPPING NEW with floating tap holder (Cycle 206) ..... 197
RIGID TAPPING without a floating tap holder NEW (Cycle 207) ..... 199
TAPPING WITH CHIP BREAKING (Cycle 209) ..... 201
Fundamentals of thread milling ..... 203
THREAD MILLING (Cycle 262) ..... 205
THREAD MILLING/COUNTERSINKING (Cycle 263) ..... 207
THREAD DRILLING/MILLING (Cycle 264) ..... 211
HELICAL THREAD DRILLING/MILLING (Cycle 265) ..... 215
OUTSIDE THREAD MILLING (Cycle 267) ..... 219
8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots ..... 225
Overview ..... 225
POCKET MILLING (Cycle 4) ..... 226
POCKET FINISHING (Cycle 212) ..... 228
STUD FINISHING (Cycle 213) ..... 230
CIRCULAR POCKET (Cycle 5) ..... 232
CIRCULAR POCKET FINISHING (Cycle 214) ..... 234
CIRCULAR STUD FINISHING (Cycle 215) ..... 236
SLOT (oblong hole) with reciprocating plunge-cut (Cycle 210) ..... 238
CIRCULAR SLOT (oblong hole) with reciprocating plunge-cut (Cycle 211) ..... 241
8.4 Cycles for Machining Point Patterns ..... 247
Overview ..... 247
CIRCULAR PATTERN (Cycle 220) ..... 248
LINEAR PATTERN (Cycle 221) ..... 250

18
 8.5 SL Cycles ..... 254
Fundamentals ..... 254
Overview of SL Cycles ..... 256
CONTOUR (Cycle 14) ..... 256
Overlapping contours ..... 257
CONTOUR DATA (Cycle 20) ..... 260
PILOT DRILLING (Cycle 21) ..... 261
ROUGH-OUT (Cycle 22) ..... 262
FLOOR FINISHING (Cycle 23) ..... 263
SIDE FINISHING (Cycle 24) ..... 264
8.6 Cycles for Multipass Milling ..... 268
Overview ..... 268
MULTIPASS MILLING (Cycle 230) ..... 268
RULED SURFACE (Cycle 231) ..... 270
FACE MILLING (Cycle 232) ..... 273
8.7 Coordinate Transformation Cycles ..... 281
Overview ..... 281
Effect of coordinate transformations ..... 281
DATUM SHIFT (Cycle 7) ..... 282
DATUM SHIFT with datum tables (Cycle 7) ..... 283
MIRROR IMAGE (Cycle 8) ..... 286
ROTATION (Cycle 10) ..... 288
SCALING FACTOR (Cycle 11) ..... 289
AXIS-SPECIFIC SCALING (Cycle 26) ..... 290
8.8 Special Cycles ..... 293
DWELL TIME (Cycle 9) ..... 293
PROGRAM CALL (Cycle 12) ..... 294
ORIENTED SPINDLE STOP (Cycle 13) ..... 295

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 19

9 Programming: Subprograms and Program Section Repeats ..... 297
9.1 Labeling Subprograms and Program Section Repeats ..... 298
Labels ..... 298
9.2 Subprograms ..... 299
Operating sequence ..... 299
Programming notes ..... 299
Programming a subprogram ..... 299
Calling a subprogram ..... 299
9.3 Program Section Repeats ..... 300
Label LBL ..... 300
Operating sequence ..... 300
Programming notes ..... 300
Programming a program section repeat ..... 300
Calling a program section repeat ..... 300
9.4 Separate Program as Subprogram ..... 301
Operating sequence ..... 301
Programming notes ..... 301
Calling any program as a subprogram ..... 302
9.5 Nesting ..... 303
Types of nesting ..... 303
Nesting depth ..... 303
Subprogram within a subprogram ..... 303
Repeating program section repeats ..... 304
Repeating a subprogram ..... 305

20
10 Programming: Q Parameters ..... 313
10.1 Principle and Overview ..... 314
Programming notes ..... 315
Calling Q parameter functions ..... 315
10.2 Part Families—Q Parameters in Place of Numerical Values ..... 316
Example NC blocks ..... 316
Example ..... 316
10.3 Describing Contours through Mathematical Operations ..... 317
Function ..... 317
Overview ..... 317
Programming fundamental operations ..... 318
10.4 Trigonometric Functions ..... 319
Definitions ..... 319
Programming trigonometric functions ..... 320
10.5 Calculating Circles ..... 321
Function ..... 321
10.6 If-Then Decisions with Q Parameters ..... 322
Function ..... 322
Unconditional jumps ..... 322
Programming If-Then decisions ..... 322
Abbreviations used: ..... 323
10.7 Checking and Changing Q Parameters ..... 324
Procedure ..... 324
10.8 Additional Functions ..... 325
Overview ..... 325
FN14: ERROR: Displaying error messages ..... 326
FN16: F-PRINT: Formatted output of texts or Q parameter values ..... 328
FN18: SYS-DATUM READ Read system data ..... 331
FN19: PLC: Transferring values to the PLC ..... 339
FN20: WAIT FOR: NC and PLC synchronization ..... 340
FN 25: PRESET: Setting a new datum ..... 342
FN29: PLC: Transferring values to the PLC ..... 343
FN37:EXPORT ..... 344

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 21

 10.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands ..... 345
Introduction ..... 345
A Transaction ..... 346
Programming SQL commands ..... 348
Overview of the soft keys ..... 348
SQL BIND ..... 349
SQL SELECT ..... 350
SQL FETCH ..... 353
SQL UPDATE ..... 354
SQL INSERT ..... 354
SQL COMMIT ..... 355
SQL ROLLBACK ..... 355
10.10 Entering Formulas Directly ..... 356
Entering formulas ..... 356
Rules for formulas ..... 358
Programming example ..... 359
10.11 Preassigned Q Parameters ..... 360
Values from the PLC: Q100 to Q107 ..... 360
Active tool radius: Q108 ..... 360
Tool axis: Q109 ..... 360
Spindle status: Q110 ..... 361
Coolant on/off: Q111 ..... 361
Overlap factor: Q112 ..... 361
Unit of measurement for dimensions in the program: Q113 ..... 361
Tool length: Q114 ..... 361
Coordinates after probing during program run ..... 362
10.12 String Parameters ..... 363
Working with string parameters ..... 363
Assigning string parameters ..... 363
String processing functions ..... 364
Concatenation of string parameters ..... 364
Exporting machine parameters ..... 365
Converting a numerical value to a string parameter ..... 365
Converting a string parameter to a numerical value ..... 365
Reading a substring from a string parameter ..... 365
Checking a string parameter ..... 366
Reading the length of a string parameter ..... 366
Reading the alphabetic order ..... 366
Reading system strings ..... 366

22
11 Test Run and Program Run ..... 375
11.1 Graphics ..... 376
Function ..... 376
Overview of display modes ..... 377
Plan view ..... 377
Projection in 3 planes ..... 378
3-D view ..... 379
Magnifying details ..... 380
Repeating graphic simulation ..... 381
Measuring the machining time ..... 382
11.2 Showing the Workpiece in the Working Space ..... 383
Function ..... 383
11.3 Functions for Program Display ..... 384
Overview ..... 384
11.4 Test Run ..... 385
Function ..... 385
11.5 Program Run ..... 387
Function ..... 387
Run a part program ..... 387
Interrupting machining ..... 388
Moving the machine axes during an interruption ..... 388
Resuming program run after an interruption ..... 389
Mid-program startup (block scan) ..... 390
Returning to the contour ..... 391
11.6 Automatic Program Start ..... 392
Function ..... 392
11.7 Optional Block Skip ..... 393
Function ..... 393
Inserting the “/” character ..... 393
Erasing the “/” character ..... 393
11.8 Optional Program-Run Interruption ..... 394
Function ..... 394

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 23

12 MOD Functions ..... 395
12.1 MOD Functions ..... 396
Selecting the MOD functions ..... 396
Changing the settings ..... 396
Exiting the MOD functions ..... 396
Overview of MOD functions ..... 397
12.2 Software Numbers ..... 398
Function ..... 398
12.3 Entering Code Numbers ..... 399
Function ..... 399
12.4 Machine-Specific User Parameters ..... 400
Function ..... 400
12.5 Position Display Types ..... 401
Function ..... 401
12.6 Unit of Measurement ..... 402
Function ..... 402
12.7 Display Operating Times ..... 403
Function ..... 403
12.8 Setting the Data Interfaces ..... 404
Serial interface on the TNC 320 ..... 404
Function ..... 404
Setting the RS-232 interface ..... 404
Setting the baud rate (baudRate) ..... 404
Set the protocol (protocol) ..... 404
Set the data bits (dataBits) ..... 405
Parity check (parity) ..... 405
Setting the stop bits (stopBits) ..... 405
Setting the handshake (flowControl) ..... 405
Setting the operating mode of the external device (fileSystem) ..... 406
Software for data transfer ..... 407
12.9 Ethernet Interface ..... 409
Introduction ..... 409
Connection possibilities ..... 409
Connecting the control to the network ..... 410

24
13 Touch Probe Cycles in the Manual and Electronic Handwheel Modes ..... 415
13.1 Introduction ..... 416
Overview ..... 416
Selecting probe cycles ..... 416
13.2 Calibrating a Touch Trigger Probe ..... 417
Introduction ..... 417
Calibrating the effective length ..... 417
Calibrating the effective radius and compensating center misalignment ..... 418
Displaying calibration values ..... 419
13.3 Compensating Workpiece Misalignment ..... 420
Introduction ..... 420
Measuring the basic rotation ..... 420
Displaying a basic rotation ..... 421
To cancel a basic rotation ..... 421
13.4 Setting the Datum with a 3-D Touch Probe ..... 422
Introduction ..... 422
To set the datum in any axis (see figure at right) ..... 422
Corner as datum—using points already probed for a basic rotation (see figure at right) ..... 423
Circle center as datum ..... 424
13.5 Measuring Workpieces with a 3-D Touch Probe ..... 425
Introduction ..... 425
To find the coordinate of a position on an aligned workpiece: ..... 425
Finding the coordinates of a corner in the working plane ..... 425
To measure workpiece dimensions ..... 426
To find the angle between the angle reference axis and a side of the workpiece ..... 427
13.6 Touch Probe Data Management ..... 428
Introduction ..... 428
13.7 Automatic Workpiece Measurement ..... 430
Overview ..... 430
Reference system for measurement results ..... 430
DATUM PLANE touch probe cycle 0 ..... 430
DATUM PLANE touch probe cycle 1 ..... 432
MEASURING (touch probe cycle 3) ..... 433

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 25

14 Tables and Overviews ..... 435
14.1 Pin Layout and Connecting Cable for the Data Interfaces ..... 436
RS-232-C/V.24 interface for HEIDENHAIN devices ..... 436
Non-HEIDENHAIN devices ..... 437
Ethernet interface RJ45 socket ..... 437
14.2 Technical Information ..... 438
14.3 Exchanging the Buffer Battery ..... 443

26
 1
Introduction
 1.1 The TNC 320
1.1 The TNC 320

HEIDENHAIN TNC controls are workshop-oriented contouring

controls that enable you to program conventional machining
operations right at the machine in an easy-to-use conversational
programming language. The TNC 320 is designed for milling and
drilling machine tools with up to 4 axes (optionally 5 axes). Instead of
the fourth or fifth axis, you can also change the angular position of the
spindle under program control.
Keyboard and screen layout are clearly arranged in such a way that the
functions are fast and easy to use.

Programming: HEIDENHAIN conversational

format
HEIDENHAIN conversational programming is an especially easy
method of writing programs. Interactive graphics illustrate the
individual machining steps for programming the contour. If a
production drawing is not dimensioned for NC, the HEIDENHAIN FK
free contour programming does the necessary calculations
automatically. Workpiece machining can be graphically simulated
either during or before actual machining.
You can also enter and test one program while the control is running
another.

Compatibility
The feature content of the TNC 320 is not the same as that of the TNC
4xx series and iTNC 530 controls. Part programs created on the
HEIDENHAIN controls TNC 150 B and later can only run on the TNC
320 under a condition. If NC blocks contain invalid elements, the TNC
will mark them during download as ERROR blocks.

28 1 Introduction
1.2 Visual Display Unit and

1.2 Visual Display Unit and Operating Panel

Operating Panel
Visual display unit
The TNC is delivered with a 15-inch TFT color flat-panel display (see
figure at top right). 8
1
1 Header
When the TNC is on, the selected operating modes are shown in
the screen header: the machining mode at the left and the
programming mode at right. The currently active mode is
displayed in the larger box, where the dialog prompts and TNC
messages also appear (unless the TNC is showing only graphics). 7
2 Soft keys
In the footer the TNC indicates additional functions in a soft-key
row. You can select these functions by pressing the keys
immediately below them. The lines immediately above the soft- 5 2 6
1
key row indicate the number of soft-key rows that can be called
with the black arrow keys to the right and left. The line 31
representing the active soft-key row is highlighted. 4 4
3 Soft-key selection keys
4 Switches the soft-key rows
5 Sets the screen layout
6 Shift key for switchover between machining and programming
modes
7 Soft-key selection keys for machine tool builders
8 Switches soft-key rows for machine tool builders

Screen layout
You select the screen layout yourself: In the programming mode of
operation, for example, you can have the TNC show program blocks in
the left window while the right window displays programming
graphics. You could also display status information in the right window
instead of the graphics, or display only program blocks in one large
window. The available screen windows depend on the selected
operating mode.
To change the screen layout:

Press the SPLIT SCREEN key: The soft-key row

shows the available layout options (see “Modes of
Operation”, page 31).

Select the desired screen layout.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 29

1.2 Visual Display Unit and Operating Panel

Operating panel
The TNC 320 is delivered with an integrated keyboard. The figure at
right shows the controls and displays of the keyboard:

1 „ File management
„ Pocket calculator
„ MOD function
„ HELP function
2 Programming modes
3 Machine operating modes
4 Initiation of programming dialog
5 Arrow keys and GOTO jump command
6 Numerical input and axis selection
7 Navigation keys
The functions of the individual keys are described on the inside front
cover.
1 4
1
Machine panel buttons, e.g. NC START or NC STOP, are
described in the manual for your machine tool. 6

3 2
1
7 5

30 1 Introduction
1.3 Modes of Operation

1.3 Modes of Operation

Manual operation and electronic handwheel
The Manual Operation mode is required for setting up the machine
tool. In this operating mode, you can position the machine axes
manually or by increments and set the datums.
The Electronic Handwheel mode of operation allows you to move the
machine axes manually with the HR electronic handwheel.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout (select as described
previously)

Screen windows Soft key

Positions

Left: positions—Right: status display

Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)

This mode of operation is used for programming simple traversing
movements, such as for face milling or pre-positioning.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout

Screen windows Soft key

Program

Left: program blocks—Right: status display

Programming and editing

In this mode of operation you can write your part programs. The FK
free programming feature, the various cycles and the Q parameter
functions help you with programming and add necessary information.
If desired, you can have the programming graphics show the individual
steps.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout

Screen windows Soft key

Program

Left: program, right: programming graphics

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 31

1.3 Modes of Operation

Test Run
In the Test Run mode of operation, the TNC checks programs and
program sections for errors, such as geometrical incompatibilities,
missing or incorrect data within the program or violations of the work
space. This simulation is supported graphically in different display
modes.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout: see “Program Run, Full
Sequence and Program Run, Single Block”, page 32.

Program Run, Full Sequence and Program Run,

Single Block
In the Program Run, Full Sequence mode of operation the TNC
executes a part program continuously to its end or to a manual or
programmed stop. You can resume program run after an interruption.
In the Program Run, Single Block mode of operation you execute each
block separately by pressing the machine START button.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout

Screen windows Soft key

Program

Left: program, right: status

Left: program, right: graphics

Graphics

32 1 Introduction
1.4 Status Displays

1.4 Status Displays

“General” status display
The status display 1 informs you of the current state of the machine
tool. It is displayed automatically in the following modes of operation:
„ Program Run, Single Block and Program Run, Full Sequence, except
if the screen layout is set to display graphics only, and
„ Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI).
In the Manual mode and Electronic Handwheel mode the status
display appears in the large window.
Information in the status display

Symbol Meaning
ACTL. Actual or nominal coordinates of the current position. 11

XYZ Machine axes; the TNC displays auxiliary axes in

lower-case letters. The sequence and quantity of
displayed axes is determined by the machine tool
builder. Refer to your machine manual for more
information.

Tool number T.

FSM The displayed feed rate in inches corresponds to one

tenth of the effective value. Spindle speed S, feed
rate F and active M functions.

Axis locked.

Override setting in percent

Axis can be moved with the handwheel.

Axes are moving under a basic rotation.

No active program.

Program run started.

Program run stopped.

Program run is being aborted.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 33

1.4 Status Displays

Additional status displays

The additional status displays contain detailed information on the
program run. They can be called in all operating modes except for the
Programming and Editing mode of operation.

To switch on the additional status display:

Call the soft-key row for screen layout.

Select the layout option for the additional status

display.

To select an additional status display:

Shift the soft-key rows until the STATUS soft keys

appear.

Select the desired additional status display, e.g.

general program information.

You can choose between several additional status displays with the
following soft keys:

General program information

Soft key Assignment Meaning 1

1 Name of the active main program
2
2 Active programs

3 Active machining cycle 3

4 Circle center CC (pole)

4 5
5 Machining time

6 Dwell time counter

6

34 1 Introduction
 1.4 Status Displays
Positions and coordinates

Soft key Assignment Meaning

1
1 Type of position display, e.g. actual 2
position

2 Position display

3 Number of the active datum from the

preset table (function not available on
TNC 320). 3

4 Angle of a basic rotation 4

Information on tools

Soft key Assignment Meaning

1 „ T: Tool number and name
1

2 Tool axis 2
3
3 Tool lengths and radii

4 Oversizes (delta values) from TOOL

CALL (PGM) and the tool table (TAB) 4

5 Tool life, maximum tool life (TIME 1)

and maximum tool life for TOOL
CALL (TIME 2) 5

6 Display of the active tool and the

(next) replacement tool 6

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 35

1.4 Status Displays

Coordinate transformations

Soft key Assignment Meaning 1

1 Program name
2
4
2 Active datum shift (Cycle 7)

3 Mirrored axes (Cycle 8) 3

4 Active rotation angle (Cycle 10)

5 Active scaling factor(s) (Cycles 11 / 5

26)

See “Coordinate Transformation Cycles” on page 281.

Active miscellaneous functions M

Soft key Assignment Meaning

1 List of the active M functions with 1
fixed meaning

2 List of the active M functions that are

adapted by your machine
manufacturer
2
Status of Q parameters

Soft key Assignment Meaning

1 List of Q parameters defined with the
Q PARAM LIST soft key

36 1 Introduction
1.5 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D

1.5 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic Handwheels

Touch Probes and Electronic
Handwheels
3-D touch probes
With the various HEIDENHAIN 3-D touch probe systems you can:
„ Automatically align workpieces
„ Quickly and precisely set datums
„ Measure the workpiece during program run

TS 220, TS 440 and TS 640 touch trigger probes

These touch probes are particularly effective for automatic workpiece
alignment, datum setting and workpiece measurement. The TS 220
transmits the triggering signals to the TNC via cable and may be a
more economical alternative.
The TS 440 and TS 640 (see figures at right) feature infrared
transmission of the triggering signal to the TNC. This makes them
highly convenient for use on machines with automatic tool changers.
Principle of operation: HEIDENHAIN triggering touch probes feature a
wear resisting optical switch that generates an electrical signal as
soon as the stylus is deflected. This signal is transmitted to the TNC,
which stores the current position of the stylus as an actual value.

HR electronic handwheels
Electronic handwheels facilitate moving the axis slides precisely by
hand. A wide range of traverses per handwheel revolution is available.
Apart from the HR 130 and HR 150 integral handwheels,
HEIDENHAIN also offers the HR 410 portable handwheel.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 37

 2
Manual Operation and Setup
 2.1 Switch-On, Switch-Off
2.1 Switch-On, Switch-Off

Switch-on

Switch-on and traversing the reference points can vary

depending on the machine tool. Refer to your machine
manual.

Switch on the power supply for control and machine. The TNC then
displays the following dialog:

SYSTEM STARTUP

TNC is started

POWER INTERRUPTED

TNC message that the power was interrupted—clear

the message.

CONVERT PLC PROGRAM

The PLC program of the TNC is automatically compiled.

RELAY EXT. DC VOLTAGE MISSING

Switch on external dc voltage. The TNC checks the

functioning of the EMERGENCY STOP circuit.

MANUAL OPERATION
TRAVERSE REFERENCE POINTS

Cross the reference points manually in the displayed

sequence: For each axis press the machine START
button, or

Cross the reference points in any sequence: Press

and hold the machine axis direction button for each
axis until the reference point has been traversed.

If your machine is equipped with absolute encoders, you

can leave out traversing the reference mark. In such a
case, the TNC is ready for operation immediately after the
machine control voltage is switched on.

40 2 Manual Operation and Setup

 2.1 Switch-On, Switch-Off
The TNC is now ready for operation in the Manual Operation mode.

The reference points need only be traversed if the

machine axes are to be moved. If you intend only to write,
edit or test programs, you can select the Programming
and Editing or Test Run modes of operation immediately
after switching on the control voltage.
You can traverse the reference points later by pressing
the PASS OVER REFERENCE soft key in the Manual
Operation mode.

Switch-off
To prevent data being lost at switch-off, you need to shut down the
operating system as follows:
8 Select the Manual Operation mode.
8 Select the function for shutting down, confirm again
with the YES soft key.
8 When the TNC displays the message NOW IT IS SAFE
TO TURN POWER OFF in a superimposed window, you
may cut off the power supply to the TNC.

Inappropriate switch-off of the TNC can lead to data loss.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 41

 2.2 Moving the Machine Axes
2.2 Moving the Machine Axes

Note

Traversing with the machine axis direction buttons can

vary depending on the machine tool. The machine tool
manual provides further information.

To traverse with the machine axis direction

buttons:

Select the Manual Operation mode.

Press the machine axis direction button and hold it as

long as you wish the axis to move, or

Move the axis continuously: Press and hold the

machine axis direction button, then press the
and machine START button.

To stop the axis, press the machine STOP button.

You can move several axes at a time with these two methods. You can
change the feed rate at which the axes are traversed with the
F soft key (see “Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous
Functions M”, page 45).

42 2 Manual Operation and Setup

 2.2 Moving the Machine Axes
Incremental jog positioning
With incremental jog positioning you can move a machine axis by a
preset distance.
Z
Select the Manual Operation or Electronic Handwheel
mode.

Select incremental jog positioning: Switch the

INCREMENT soft key to ON. 8 8

LINEAR AXES:
X
8 16
Enter the jog increment in mm, e.g. 8 mm, and press
the CONFIRM VALUE soft key.

Finish the entry with the OK soft key.

Press the machine axis direction button as often as

desired

To deactivate the function, press the Switch off soft key.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 43

2.2 Moving the Machine Axes

Traversing with the HR 410 electronic

handwheel
The portable HR 410 handwheel is equipped with two permissive
buttons. The permissive buttons are located below the star grip. 1
You can only move the machine axes when a permissive button is
depressed (machine-dependent function). 2

The HR 410 handwheel features the following operating elements:

1 EMERGENCY OFF button 3
2 Handwheel 4
4
3 Permissive buttons
6 5
4 Axis address keys
5 Actual-position-capture key 7
8
6 Keys for defining the feed rate (slow, medium, fast; the feed rates
are set by the machine tool builder)
7 Direction in which the TNC moves the selected axis
8 Machine function (set by the machine tool builder)

The red indicator lights show the axis and feed rate you have selected.
It is also possible to move the machine axes with the handwheel
during a program run if M118 is active.

Procedure:

Select the Electronic Handwheel operating mode.

Press and hold a permissive button.

Select the axis.

Select the feed rate.

Move the active axis in the positive or negative

direction.
or

44 2 Manual Operation and Setup

2.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F

2.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M

and Miscellaneous Functions M
Function
In the Manual Operation and Electronic Handwheel operating modes,
you can enter the spindle speed S, feed rate F and the miscellaneous
functions M with soft keys. The miscellaneous functions are
described in Chapter 7 “Programming: Miscellaneous Functions.”

The machine tool builder determines which

miscellaneous functions M are available on your control
and what effects they have.

Entering values
Spindle speed S, miscellaneous function M

To enter the spindle speed, press the S soft key.

SPINDLE SPEED S =

1000 Enter the desired spindle speed and confirm your

entry with the machine START button.

The spindle speed S with the entered rpm is started with a

miscellaneous function M. Proceed in the same way to enter a
miscellaneous function M.
Feed rate F
After entering a feed rate F, you must confirm your entry with the OK
key instead of the machine START button.
The following is valid for feed rate F:
„ If you enter F=0, then the lowest feed rate from the machine
parameter minFeed is effective
„ If the feed rate entered exceeds the value defined in the machine
parameter maxFeed, then the parameter value is effective.
„ F is not lost during a power interruption

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 45

2.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M

Changing the spindle speed and feed rate

With the override knobs you can vary the spindle speed S and feed
rate F from 0% to 150% of the set value. However, the range can be
further limited by the machine parameters minFeedOverride,
maxFeedOverride, minSpindleOverride and maxSpindleOverride
(are set by the machine tool builder).

The override dial for spindle speed is only functional on

machines with infinitely variable spindle drive.

The minimum and maximum spindle speeds entered as

machine parameters are not fallen short of or exceeded,
respectively.
If the MP minSpindleOverride=0%, then the setting
spindle override=0 leads to a spindle stop.

46 2 Manual Operation and Setup

2.4 Datum Setting (Without a 3-D

2.4 Datum Setting (Without a 3-D Touch Probe)

Touch Probe)
Note

For datum setting with a 3-D touch probe, refer to the

Touch Probe Cycles Manual.

You fix a datum by setting the TNC position display to the coordinates
of a known position on the workpiece.

Preparation
8 Clamp and align the workpiece.
8 Insert the zero tool with known radius into the spindle.
8 Ensure that the TNC is showing the actual position values.

Datum setting with axis keys

Fragile workpiece? Y

If the workpiece surface must not be scratched, you can

lay a metal shim of known thickness d on it. Then enter a
tool axis datum value that is larger than the desired datum
by the value d. Z
X
Y
Select the Manual Operation mode.

X
Move the tool slowly until it touches (scratches) the
workpiece surface.

Select the axis.

DATUM SET Z=

Zero tool in spindle axis: Set the display to a known

workpiece position (here, 0) or enter the thickness d
of the shim. In the tool axis, offset the tool radius.

Repeat the process for the remaining axes.

If you are using a preset tool, set the display of the tool axis to the
length L of the tool or enter the sum Z=L+d.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 47

 3
Positioning with Manual Data
Input (MDI)
 3.1 Programming and Executing
3.1 Programming and Executing Simple Machining Operations

Simple Machining Operations

The Positioning with Manual Data Input mode of operation is
particularly convenient for simple machining operations or pre-
positioning of the tool. You can write the a short program in
HEIDENHAIN conversational programming and execute it
immediately. You can also call TNC cycles. The program is stored in
the file $MDI. In the Positioning with MDI operating mode, the
additional status displays can also be activated.

Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)

Select the Positioning with MDI mode of operation.

Program the file $MDI as you wish.

To start program run, press the machine START key.

Limitation Z
FK free contour programming, programming graphics and Y
program run graphics, subprograms, program section
repeats, and path compensation cannot be used. The
$MDI file must not contain a program call (PGM CALL).
X
Example 1 50
A hole with a depth of 20 mm is to be drilled into a single workpiece.
After clamping and aligning the workpiece and setting the datum, you
can program and execute the drilling operation in a few lines. 50
First you pre-position the tool in L blocks (straight-line blocks) to the
hole center coordinates at a setup clearance of 5 mm above the
workpiece surface. Then drill the hole with Cycle 1 PECKING.

0 BEGIN PGM $MDI MM

1 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+5 Define tool: zero tool, radius 5
2 TOOL CALL 1 Z S2000 Call tool: tool axis Z
Spindle speed 2000 rpm
3 L Z+200 R0 FMAX Retract tool (F MAX = rapid traverse)
4 L X+50 Y+50 R0 FMAX M3 Move the tool at F MAX to a position above the hole,
Spindle on
6 CYCL DEF 200 DRILLING Define DRILLING cycle
Q200=5 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE Set-up clearance of the tool above the hole
Q201=-15 ;DEPTH Total hole depth (algebraic sign=working direction)

50 3 Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)

 3.1 Programming and Executing Simple Machining Operations
Q206=250 ;FEED RATE FOR PLNGNG Feed rate for pecking
Q202=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH Depth of each infeed before retraction
Q210=0 ;DWELL TIME AT TOP Dwell time after every retraction in seconds
Q203=-10 ;SURFACE COORDINATE Coordinate of the workpiece surface
Q204=20 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE Set-up clearance of the tool above the hole
Q211=0.2 ;DWELL TIME AT DEPTH Dwell time in seconds at the hole bottom
7 CYCL CALL Call DRILLING cycle
8 L Z+200 R0 FMAX M2 Retract the tool
9 END PGM $MDI MM End of program

Straight line function L, (see “Straight Line L” on page 125) DRILLING

cycle.(see “DRILLING (Cycle 200)” on page 182)

Example 2: Correcting workpiece misalignment on machines

with rotary tables

Use the 3-D touch probe to rotate the coordinate system. See “Touch
Probe Cycles in the Manual and Electronic Handwheel Operating
Modes,” section “Compensating workpiece misalignment,” in the
Touch Probe Cycles User’s Manual.

Write down the rotation angle and cancel the Basic Rotation.

Select operating mode: Positioning with MDI.

Select the axis of the rotary table, enter the rotation

angle you wrote down previously and set the feed
rate. For example: L C+2.561 F50

Conclude entry.

Press the machine START button: The rotation of the

table corrects the misalignment.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 51

3.1 Programming and Executing Simple Machining Operations

Protecting and erasing programs in $MDI

The $MDI file is generally intended for short programs that are only
needed temporarily. Nevertheless, you can store a program, if
necessary, by proceeding as described below:

Select the Programming and Editing mode of

operation.

To call the file manager, press the PGM MGT key

(program management).

Move the highlight to the $MDI file.

To select the file copying function, press the COPY

soft key.

TARGET FILE =

BOREHOLE Enter the name under which you want to save the
current contents of the $MDI file.

Copy the file.

To close the file manager, press the END soft key.

Erasing the contents of the $MDI file is done in a similar way: Instead
of copying the contents, however, you erase them with the DELETE
soft key. The next time you select the operating mode Positioning with
MDI, the TNC will display an empty $MDI file.

If you wish to delete $MDI, then

„ you must not have selected the Positioning with MDI
mode (not even in the background).
„ you must not have selected the $MDI file in the
Programming and Editing mode.
„ you must cancel the editing protection of the $MDI file

For further information, see “Copying a single file,” page 66.

52 3 Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)

 4
Programming:
Fundamentals of NC, File
Management, Programming
Aids
 4.1 Fundamentals
4.1 Fundamentals

Position encoders and reference marks

The machine axes are equipped with position encoders that register
the positions of the machine table or tool. Linear axes are usually XMP
equipped with linear encoders, rotary tables and tilting axes with angle
encoders.
X (Z,Y)
When a machine axis moves, the corresponding position encoder
generates an electrical signal. The TNC evaluates this signal and
calculates the precise actual position of the machine axis.
If there is a power interruption, the calculated position will no longer
correspond to the actual position of the machine slide. To recover this
association, incremental position encoders are provided with
reference marks. The scales of the position encoders contain one or
more reference marks that transmit a signal to the TNC when they are
crossed over. From the signal the TNC can re-establish the
assignment of displayed positions to machine positions. For linear
encoders with distance-coded reference marks the machine axes
need to move by no more than 20 mm, for angle encoders by no more
than 20°.
Z
With absolute encoders, an absolute position value is transmitted to
the control immediately upon switch-on. In this way the assignment Y
of the actual position to the machine slide position is re-established
directly after switch-on. X

Reference system
A reference system is required to define positions in a plane or in
space. The position data are always referenced to a predetermined
point and are described through coordinates.
The Cartesian coordinate system (a rectangular coordinate system) is
based on the three coordinate axes X, Y and Z. The axes are mutually
perpendicular and intersect at one point called the datum. A
coordinate identifies the distance from the datum in one of these
directions. A position in a plane is thus described through two
coordinates, and a position in space through three coordinates.
Coordinates that are referenced to the datum are referred to as
absolute coordinates. Relative coordinates are referenced to any other Z
known position (reference point) you define within the coordinate
system. Relative coordinate values are also referred to as incremental
coordinate values.
Y

54 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

 4.1 Fundamentals
Reference system on milling machines
When using a milling machine, you orient tool movements to the
Cartesian coordinate system. The illustration at right shows how the
Cartesian coordinate system describes the machine axes. The “right-
hand rule” is illustrated for remembering the three axis directions: the +Y +Z
middle finger points in the positive direction of the tool axis from the +X
workpiece toward the tool (the Z axis), the thumb points in the positive
X direction, and the index finger in the positive Y direction.
The TNC 320 can control up to 4 axes (optionally 5). The axes U, V and
W (which are not presently supported by the TNC 320) are secondary
linear axes parallel to the main axes X, Y and Z, respectively. Rotary
axes are designated as A, B and C. The illustration at lower right shows +Z
+X
the assignment of secondary axes and rotary axes to the main axes. +Y

Y W+
C+
B+
V+ A+ X

U+

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 55

4.1 Fundamentals

Polar coordinates
If the production drawing is dimensioned in Cartesian coordinates, you
also write the part program using Cartesian coordinates. For parts
containing circular arcs or angles it is often simpler to give the Y
dimensions in polar coordinates.
While the Cartesian coordinates X, Y and Z are three-dimensional and PR
can describe points in space, polar coordinates are two-dimensional PA2
and describe points in a plane. Polar coordinates have their datum at a
circle center (CC), or pole. A position in a plane can be clearly defined PA3 PR
by the: PR
PA1
„ Polar Radius, the distance from the circle center CC to the position, 10 0°
CC
and the
„ Polar Angle, the size of the angle between the reference axis and
the line that connects the circle center CC with the position. X
30
See figure at upper right.

Setting the pole and the angle reference axis

The pole is set by entering two Cartesian coordinates in one of the
three planes. These coordinates also set the reference axis for the
polar angle PA.
Z Y
Coordinates of the pole (plane) Reference axis of the angle
X/Y +X

Y/Z +Y Z
Y
Z/X +Z X
Z Y

56 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

 4.1 Fundamentals
Absolute and incremental workpiece positions
Absolute workpiece positions
Absolute coordinates are position coordinates that are referenced to Y
the datum of the coordinate system (origin). Each position on the
workpiece is uniquely defined by its absolute coordinates. 13
30
Example 1: Holes dimensioned in absolute coordinates
12
Hole 1 Hole 2 Hole 3 20
X = 10 mm X = 30 mm X = 50 mm 1
Y = 10 mm Y = 20 mm Y = 30 mm 10

Incremental workpiece positions

Incremental coordinates are referenced to the last programmed X
nominal position of the tool, which serves as the relative (imaginary) 10 30 50
datum. When you write a part program in incremental coordinates,
you thus program the tool to move by the distance between the
previous and the subsequent nominal positions. Incremental
coordinates are therefore also referred to as chain dimensions.
To program a position in incremental coordinates, enter the prefix “I” Y
before the axis.
Example 2: Holes dimensioned in incremental coordinates 16
Absolute coordinates of hole 4
10

15
X = 10 mm
Y = 10 mm
10

14
Hole 5, relative to 4 Hole 6, relative to 5
X = 20 mm X = 20 mm
Y = 10 mm Y = 10 mm 10
20 20 X
Absolute and incremental polar coordinates 10
Absolute polar coordinates always refer to the pole and the reference
axis.
Incremental polar coordinates always refer to the last programmed
nominal position of the tool.
Y

+IPR
PR

+IPA +IPA PR
PR PA
10 0°
CC

X
30

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 57

4.1 Fundamentals

Setting the datum

A production drawing identifies a certain form element of the
workpiece, usually a corner, as the absolute datum. Before setting the Z
datum, you align the workpiece with the machine axes and move the
tool in each axis to a known position relative to the workpiece. You MAX
then set the TNC display to either zero or a predetermined position Y
value. This establishes the reference system for the workpiece, which
will be used for the TNC display and your part program.
If the production drawing is dimensioned in relative coordinates, X
simply use the coordinate transformation cycles (see “Coordinate
Transformation Cycles” on page 281).
If the production drawing is not dimensioned for NC, set the datum at
a position or corner on the workpiece which is suitable for deducing MIN
the dimensions of the remaining workpiece positions.
The fastest, easiest and most accurate way of setting the datum is by
using a 3-D touch probe from HEIDENHAIN. See “Setting the Datum
with a 3-D Touch Probe” in the Touch Probe Cycles User’s Manual. Y
Example
17 150 13 14
The workpiece drawing at right shows holes (1 to 4) whose 0
dimensions are shown with respect to an absolute datum with the 750 16
coordinates X=0, Y=0. The holes (5 to 7) are dimensioned with respect 15
300±0,1 -150
to a relative datum with the absolute coordinates X=450, Y=750. With
the DATUM SHIFT cycle you can temporarily set the datum to the
position X=450, Y=750, to be able to program the holes (5 to 7) 320 0
without further calculations. 1 12

X
325 450 900
950

58 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

4.2 File Management:

4.2 File Management: Fundamentals

Fundamentals
Files

Files in the TNC Type

Programs
In HEIDENHAIN format .H
In ISO format .I

Tables for
Tools .T
Tool changers .TCH
Datums .D

When you write a part program on the TNC, you must first enter a file
name. The TNC saves the program as a file with the same name. The
TNC can also save texts and tables as files.
The TNC provides a special file management window in which you can
easily find and manage your files. Here you can call, copy, rename and
erase files.
With the TNC you can manage and save files up to a total size of 10
MB.

File names
When you store programs, tables and texts as files, the TNC adds an
extension to the file name, separated by a point. This extension
indicates the file type.

PROG20 .H
File name File type

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 59

4.2 File Management: Fundamentals

Screen keypad
You can enter letters and special characters with the screen keypad or
(if available) with a PC keyboard connected over the USB port.

Enter the text with the screen keypad

8 Press the GOTO key if you want to enter a text, for example a
program name or directory name, using the screen keypad
8 The TNC opens a window in which the numeric entry field 1 of the
TNC is displayed with the corresponding letters assigned
8 You can move the cursor to the desired character by repeatedly
pressing the respective key
8 Wait until the selected character is transferred to the entry field
before you enter the next character
8 Use the OK soft key to load the text into the open dialog field

Use the abc/ABC soft key to select upper or lower case. If your
machine tool builder has defined additional special characters, you can
call them with the SPECIAL CHARACTER soft key and insert them.
To delete individual characters, use the Backspace soft key.

Data backup
We recommend saving newly written programs and files on a PC at
regular intervals.
1
HEIDENHAIN provides a backup function for this purpose in the data
transfer software TNCremoNT. Your machine tool builder can provide
you with a copy of TNCBACK.EXE.
You additionally need a data medium on which all machine-specific
data, such as the PLC program, machine parameters, etc., are stored.
Please contact your machine tool builder for more information on both
the backup program and the floppy disk.

60 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

4.3 Working with the File Manager

4.3 Working with the File Manager

Directories
If you save many programs in the TNC, we recommend that you save
your files in directories (folders) so that you can easily find your data.
You can divide a directory into further directories, which are called
subdirectories. With the –/+ key or ENT you can show or hide the
subdirectories.

Paths
A path indicates the drive and all directories and subdirectories under
which a file is saved. The individual names are separated by a TNC:\
backslash “\”.
AUFTR1
Example
NCPROG
On drive TNC:\ the subdirectory AUFTR1 was created. Then, in the
directory AUFTR1 the directory NCPROG was created and the part WZTAB
program PROG1.H was copied into it. The part program now has the
following path: A35K941
TNC:\AUFTR1\NCPROG\PROG1.H ZYLM
The chart at right illustrates an example of a directory display with TESTPROG
different paths.
HUBER
KAR25T

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4.3 Working with the File Manager

Overview: Functions of the file manager

Function Soft key

Copy (and convert) individual files

Display a specific file type

Display the last 10 files that were selected

Erase a file or directory

Mark a file

Rename a file

Protect a file against editing and erasure

Cancel file protection

Manage network drives

Copy a directory

Display all the directories of a particular drive

Delete directory with all its subdirectories

Sort files by properties

Create new file

Select the editor

62 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

 4.3 Working with the File Manager
Calling the file manager

Press the PGM MGT key: the TNC displays the file
management window (Figure at upper right shows
the factory default setting.) If the TNC displays a
different screen layout, press the WINDOW soft key.)

The narrow window on the left 1 shows the available drives and
directories. Drives designate devices with which data are stored or
transferred. One drive is the internal memory of the TNC. Other drives
1 2
are the RS232, RS422, Ethernet and USB interfaces, which you can
used, for example, to connect a personal computer or other storage
device. A directory is always identified by a folder symbol to the left
and the directory name to the right. The control displays a subdirectory
to the right of and below its parent directory. A box with the + symbol
in front of the folder symbol indicates that there are further
subdirectories, which can be shown with the –/+ key or ENT.
The wide window on the right 2 shows you all files that are stored in
the selected directory. Each file is shown with additional information,
illustrated in the table below.

Display Meaning
FILE NAME Name with an extension, separated by a dot
(file type)

BYTE File size in bytes

STATUS File properties:

E Program is selected in the Programming and

Editing mode of operation.

S Program is selected in the Test Run mode of

operation.

M Program is selected in a Program Run mode

of operation.

File is protected against editing and erasure.

DATE Date the file was last changed

TIME Time the file was last changed

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4.3 Working with the File Manager

Selecting drives, directories and files

Call the file manager.

With the arrow keys or the soft keys, you can move the highlight to
the desired position on the screen:

Moves the highlight from the left to the right window,

and vice versa.

Moves the highlight up and down within a window.

Moves the highlight one page up or down within a

window.

Step 1: Select drive

Move the highlight to the desired drive in the left window:

Select a drive: Press the SELECT soft key or the ENT

key.
or

Step 2: Select a directory

Move the highlight to the desired directory in the left-hand window—

the right-hand window automatically shows all files stored in the
highlighted directory.

64 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

 4.3 Working with the File Manager
Step 3: Select a file

Press the SELECT TYPE soft key.

Press the soft key for the desired file type, or

Press the SHOW ALL soft key to display all files, or

Move the highlight to the desired file in the right window

The selected file is opened in the operating mode
from which you have called the File Manager: Press
or the SELECT soft key or the ENT key.

Creating a new directory

Move the highlight in the left window to the directory in which you
want to create a subdirectory.

NEW Enter the new file name, and confirm with ENT.

DIRECTORY NAME?

Press the OK soft key to confirm, or

abort with the CANCEL soft key.

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4.3 Working with the File Manager

Copying a single file

8 Move the highlight to the file you wish to copy.
8 Press the COPY soft key to select the copy function.
The TNC opens a pop-up window
8 Enter the name of the destination file and confirm your
entry with the ENT key or OK soft key: The TNC
copies the file to the active directory or to the
corresponding destination directory. The original file
is retained

Copying a directory
Move the highlight in the left window onto the directory you want to
copy. Instead of the COPY soft key, press the COPY DIR soft key.
Subdirectories can be copied by the TNC at the same time.

Making a setting in a selection box

In various dialogs, the TNC opens a pop-up window in which you can
make settings in selection boxes.
8 Move the cursor into the desired selection box and press the GOTO
key
8 Use the arrow keys to position the cursor to the required setting
8 With the OK soft key you confirm the value, and with the CANCEL
soft key you discard the selection

66 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

 4.3 Working with the File Manager
Choosing one of the last 10 files selected

Call the file manager.

Display the last 10 files selected: Press the LAST

FILES soft key.

Use the arrow keys to move the highlight to the file you wish to select:
Moves the highlight up and down within a window.

Select a file: Press the OK soft key or ENT

or

Deleting a file
8 Move the highlight to the file you want to delete
8 To select the erasing function, press the DELETE soft
key
8 To confirm, press the OK soft key
8 To abort erasure, press the CANCEL soft key

Deleting a directory
8 Delete all files and subdirectories stored in the directory that you
want to delete
8 Move the highlight to the directory you want to delete
8 To select delete function, press the DELETE ALL soft
key. The TNC asks whether you really want to erase
the subdirectories and files.
8 To confirm, press the OK soft key
8 To cancel deletion, press the CANCEL soft key

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4.3 Working with the File Manager

Marking files

Marking functions Soft key

Mark a single file

Mark all files in the directory

Unmark a single file

Unmark all files

Some functions, such as copying or erasing files, can not only be used
for individual files, but also for several files at once. To mark several
files, proceed as follows:

Move the highlight to the first file.

To display the marking functions, press the TAG soft

key.

Mark a file by pressing the TAG FILE soft key.

Move the highlight to the next file you wish to mark:

To mark more files, press the MARK FILE soft key.

To copy the marked files, with the back soft key,

leave the TAG function

To copy the marked files, select the COPY soft key

To delete the marked files, press the back soft key to

exit the marking function and then press the DELETE
soft key

68 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

 4.3 Working with the File Manager
Renaming a file
8 Move the highlight to the file you wish to rename.
8 Select the renaming function.

8 Enter the new file name; the file type cannot be

changed.
8 To rename: Press the OK soft key or the ENT key

File sorting
8 Select the folder in which you wish to sort the files
8 Select the SORT soft key

8 Select the soft key with the corresponding display

criterion

Additional functions
Protecting a file / Canceling file protection
8 Move the highlight to the file you want to protect.
8 To select the additional functions, press the MORE
FUNCTIONS soft key.
8 To enable file protection, press the PROTECT soft
key. The file is distinguished by a symbol.
8 To cancel file protection, proceed in the same way
using the UNPROTECT soft key.

Select the editor

8 Move the highlight in the right window onto the file you want to
open.
8 To select the additional functions, press the MORE
FUNCTIONS soft key.
8 To select the editor with which to open the selected
file, press the SELECT EDITOR soft key
8 Mark the desired editor
8 Press the OK soft key to open the file

Activate or deactivate USB devices

8 To select the additional functions, press the MORE
FUNCTIONS soft key.
8 Shift the soft-key row.
8 Select the soft key for activating or deactivating

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4.3 Working with the File Manager

Data transfer to or from an external data

medium

You might have to set up the data interface before you

can transfer data to an external data medium (see
“Setting the Data Interfaces” on page 404).

Call the file manager.

Select the screen layout for data transfer: press the

WINDOW soft key. Select the desired directory in
both halves of the screen. In the left half of the 1 2
screen, for example, 1 the TNC shows all files saved
on its hard disk. In the right half of the screen 2 it
shows all files saved on the external data medium.
Use the SHOW FILES and SHOW TREE soft keys to
switch between the folder view and file view.

Use the arrow keys to highlight the file(s) that you want to transfer:
Moves the highlight up and down within a window.

Moves the highlight from the left to the right window,

and vice versa.
If you wish to copy from the TNC to the external data medium, move
the highlight in the left window to the file to be transferred.

To transfer a single file, position the highlight on the desired file.

To transfer several files: Press the TAG soft key (in

the second soft-key row, see “Marking files,” page
68) and mark the corresponding files. With the back
soft key, exit the TAG function again.

70 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

 4.3 Working with the File Manager
Press the COPY soft key

Confirm with the OK soft key or with the ENT key. For long programs,
a status window appears on the TNC informing you of the copying
progress.

To end data transfer, move the highlight into the left

window and then press the WINDOW soft key. The
standard file manager window is displayed again.

To select another directory in the split-screen display,

press the SHOW TREE soft key. If you press the SHOW
FILES soft key, the TNC shows the content of the
selected directory!

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4.3 Working with the File Manager

Copying files into another directory

8 Select the screen layout with the two equally sized windows.
8 To display directories in both windows, press the SHOW TREE soft
key.
In the right window
8 Move the highlight to the directory to copy the files to and display
the files in this directory with the SHOW FILES soft key.
In the left window
8 Select the directory with the files to copy and press the SHOW
FILES soft key to display them.
8 Display the file marking functions.

8 Move the highlight to the files to be copied and mark

them. You can mark several files in this way, if
desired.
8 Copy the marked files into the target directory.

Additional marking functions: see “Marking files,” page 68.

If you have marked files in the left and right windows, the TNC copies
from the directory in which the highlight is located.

Overwriting files
If you copy files into a directory in which other files are stored under
the same name, the TNC will reply with a “protected file” error
message. Use the TAG function to overwrite the file anyway:
8 To overwrite two or more files, mark them in the "existing files" pop-
up window and press the OK soft key
8 To leave the files as they are, press the CANCEL soft key

72 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

 4.3 Working with the File Manager
The TNC in a network

To connect the Ethernet card to your network, see

“Ethernet Interface,” page 409. 2
The TNC logs error messages during network operation 1
(see “Ethernet Interface” on page 409).

If the TNC is connected to a network, the TNC displays the connected

drives in the directory window 1 (see figure at right). All the functions
described above (selecting a drive, copying files, etc.) also apply to
network drives, provided that you have been given the corresponding
rights.

Connecting and disconnecting a network drive

8 To select the program management: Press the PGM
MGT key. If necessary, press the WINDOW soft key
to set up the screen as it is shown at the upper right.
8 To manage the network drives: Press the NETWORK
soft key (second soft-key row). In the right-hand
window 2 the TNC shows the network drives
available for access. With the soft keys described
below you can define the connection for each drive.

Function Soft key

Establish the network connection. If the
connection is active, the TNC marks the Mnt
column.

Delete network connection.

Automatically establish network connection

whenever the TNC is switched on. The TNC
marks the Auto column if the connection is
established automatically

Use the PING ping function to test your network

connection

If you press the NETWORK INFO soft key, the

TNC displays the current network settings

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4.3 Working with the File Manager

USB devices on the TNC

Backing up data from or loading onto the TNC is especially easy with
USB devices. The TNC supports the following USB block devices:
„ Disk drives with the FAT/VFAT file system
„ Memory sticks with the FAT/VFAT file system
„ Hard disks with the FAT/VFAT file system
„ CD-ROM drives with the Joliet (ISO 9660) file system
The TNC automatically detects these types of USB devices when
connected. The TNC does not support USB devices with other file
systems (such as NTFS). After connection, the TNC displays an error
message.

The TNC also displays an error message if you connect a

USB hub. In this case simply acknowledge the message
with the CE key.
In theory, you should be able to connect all USB devices
with the file systems mentioned above to the TNC. If
problems occur nevertheless, please contact
HEIDENHAIN.

The USB devices appear as separate drives in the directory tree, so

you can use the file-management functions described in the earlier
chapters correspondingly.
In order to remove a USB device, you must proceed as follows:
8 To call the file manager, press the PGM MGT soft key.

8 Select the left window with the arrow key.

8 Use the arrow keys to select the USB device to be

removed.
8 Scroll through the soft-key row.

8 Select additional functions.

8 Select the function for removing USB devices: The

TNC removes the USB device from the directory tree
8 Exit program management.

In order to re-establish a connection with a USB device that has been

removed, press the following soft key:
8 Select the function for reconnection of USB devices.

74 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

4.4 Creating and Writing Programs

4.4 Creating and Writing Programs

Organization of an NC program in HEIDENHAIN
conversational format
A part program consists of a series of program blocks. The figure at
right illustrates the elements of a block.
The TNC numbers the blocks in ascending sequence.
Blocks
The first block of a program is identified by BEGIN PGM, the program
name and the active unit of measure. 10 L X+10 Y+5 R0 F100 M3
The subsequent blocks contain information on:
„ The workpiece blank
„ Tool definitions, tool calls Path function Words
„ Feed rates and spindle speeds, as well as
Block number
„ Path contours, cycles and other functions
The last block of a program is identified by END PGM, the program name
and the active unit of measure.

Defining the blank form – BLK FORM

After initiating a new program, you define a cuboid workpiece blank.

To define the workpiece blank, press the SPEC FCT soft key and then
the BLK FORM soft key. This definition is needed for the TNC’s
graphic simulation feature. The sides of the workpiece blank lie parallel
to the X, Y and Z axes and can be up to 100 000 mm long. The blank
form is defined by two of its corner points:
„ MIN point: the smallest X, Y and Z coordinates of the blank form,
entered as absolute values.
„ MAX point: the largest X, Y and Z coordinates of the blank form,
entered as absolute or incremental values.

You only need to define the blank form if you wish to run
a graphic test for the program!

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4.4 Creating and Writing Programs

Creating a new part program

You always enter a part program in the Programming and Editing
mode of operation. An example of program initiation:

Select the Programming and Editing mode of

operation.

To call the file manager, press the PGM MGT key.

Select the directory in which you wish to store the new program:

FILE NAME = 123.H

Enter the new program name and confirm your entry

with the ENT key.

To select the unit of measure, press the MM or INCH

soft key. The TNC changes to the program window.

Press the SPECIAL TNC FUNCTIONS soft key

Press the BLK FORM soft key

WORKING SPINDLE AXIS X/Y/Z ?

Enter the spindle axis.

DEF BLK FORM: MIN-CORNER ?

0 Enter in sequence the X, Y and Z coordinates of the

MIN point.
0

-40

76 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

 4.4 Creating and Writing Programs
DEF BLK FORM: MAX-CORNER ?

100 Enter in sequence the X, Y and Z coordinates of the

MAX point.
100

Example: Display the BLK form in the NC program

0 BEGIN PGM NEW MM Program begin, name, unit of measure
1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-40 Spindle axis, MIN point coordinates
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 MAX point coordinates
3 END PGM NEW MM Program end, name, unit of measure

The TNC automatically generates the block numbers as well as the

BEGIN and END blocks.

If you do not wish to define a blank form, cancel the dialog

at Working spindle axis X/Y/Z by pressing the DEL key!
The TNC can display the graphics only if the shortest side
is at least 50 µm long and the longest side is no longer
than 99 999.999 mm.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 77

4.4 Creating and Writing Programs

Programming tool movements in conversational

format
To program a block, initiate the dialog by pressing a function key. In the
screen headline, the TNC then asks you for all the information
necessary to program the desired function.

Example of a dialog

Dialog initiation

COORDINATES?

Enter the target coordinate for the X axis

10

Enter the target coordinate for the Y axis, and go to

20
the next question with ENT

RADIUS COMP. RL/RR/NO COMP. ?

Enter “No radius compensation” and go to the next

question with ENT.

FEED RATE F=? / F MAX = ENT

Enter a feed rate of 100 mm/min for this path contour;

100
go to the next question with ENT.

MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M?

Enter the miscellaneous function M3 “spindle ON”;

3
pressing the ENT key terminates this dialog.

The program-block window displays the following line:

3 L X+10 Y+5 R0 F100 M3

Functions for setting the feed rate Soft key

Rapid traverse

Traverse feed rate automatically calculated in

TOOL CALL

Move at the programmed feed rate (unit of

measure is mm/min)

78 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

 4.4 Creating and Writing Programs
Functions for conversational guidance Key
Ignore the dialog question

End the dialog immediately

Abort the dialog and erase the block

Actual position capture

The TNC enables you to transfer the current tool position into the
program, for example during
„ Positioning-block programming.
„ Cycle programming.
„ Define the tools with TOOL DEF.
To transfer the correct position values, proceed as follows:
8 Place the input box at the position in the block where you want to
insert a position value.
8 Select the actual-position-capture function: In the soft-
key row the TNC displays the axes whose positions
can be transferred.
8 Select the axis: The TNC writes the current position of
the selected axis into the active input box.

In the working plane the TNC always captures the

coordinates of the tool center, even though tool radius
compensation is active.
In the tool axis the TNC always captures the coordinates
of the tool tip and thus always takes the active tool length
compensation into account.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 79

4.4 Creating and Writing Programs

Editing a program
While you are creating or editing a part program, you can select any
desired line in the program or individual words in a block with the
arrow keys or the soft keys:

Function Soft key/key

Go to previous page

Go to next page

Go to beginning of program

Go to end of program

Change the position of the current block on

the screen: Press this soft key to display
additional program blocks that are
programmed before the current block.

Change the position of the current block on

the screen: Press this soft key to display
additional program blocks that are
programmed after the current block.

Move from one block to the next

Select individual words in a block

To select a certain block, press the GOTO key,

enter the desired block number, and confirm
with the ENT key.

80 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

 4.4 Creating and Writing Programs
Function Soft key/key
Set the selected word to zero

Erase an incorrect number

Clear a (non-blinking) error message

Delete the selected word

Delete the selected block

Erase cycles and program sections

Insert the block that was last edited or

deleted.

Inserting blocks at any desired location

8 Select the block after which you want to insert a new block and
initiate the dialog.

Editing and inserting words

8 Select a word in a block and overwrite it with the new one. The plain-
language dialog is available while the word is highlighted.
8 To accept the change, press the END key.

If you want to insert a word, press the horizontal arrow key repeatedly
until the desired dialog appears. You can then enter the desired value.

Looking for the same words in different blocks

For this function, set the AUTO DRAW soft key to OFF.

To select a word in a block, press the arrow keys

repeatedly until the highlight is on the desired word.

Select a block with the arrow keys.

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4.4 Creating and Writing Programs

The word that is highlighted in the new block is the same as the one
you selected previously.

If you have started a search in a very long program, the

TNC shows a progress display window. You then have the
option of canceling the search via soft key.
In the tool axis the TNC always captures the coordinates
of the tool tip and thus always takes the active tool length
compensation into account.

Finding any text

8 To select the search function, press the FIND soft key. The TNC
displays the dialog prompt Find text:
8 Enter the text that you wish to find.
8 To find the text, press the EXECUTE soft key.

Marking, copying, deleting and inserting program sections

The TNC provides certain functions for copying program sections
within an NC program or into another NC program—see the table
below.
To copy a program section, proceed as follows:
8 Select the soft-key row containing the marking functions.
8 Select the first (last) block of the section you wish to copy.
8 To mark the first (last) block: Press the SELECT BLOCK soft key. The
TNC then highlights the first character of the block and
superimposes the soft key CANCEL SELECTION.
8 Move the highlight to the last (first) block of the program section you
wish to copy or delete. The TNC shows the marked blocks in a
different color. You can end the marking function at any time by
pressing the CANCEL SELECTION soft key.
8 To copy the selected program section, press the COPY BLOCK soft
key. To delete the selected section, press the DELETE BLOCK soft
key. The TNC stores the selected block.
8 Using the arrow keys, select the block after which you wish to insert
the copied (deleted) program section.

To insert the section into another program, select the

corresponding program using the file manager and then
mark the block after which you wish to insert the copied
block.

8 To insert the block, press the INSERT BLOCK soft key.

8 To end the marking function, press the CANCEL SELECTION soft
key.

82 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

 4.4 Creating and Writing Programs
Function Soft key
Switch marking function on

Switch marking function off

Delete marked block

Insert block that is stored in the buffer memory

Copy marked block

The TNC search function

With the search function of the TNC, you can search for any text within
a program and replace it by a new text, if required.

Searching for texts

8 If required, select the block containing the word you wish to find.
8 Select the search function: The TNC superimposes
the search window and displays the available search
functions in the soft-key row (see table of search
functions).
8 Enter the text to be searched for. Please note that the
+40
search is case-sensitive.
8 Start the search process: The TNC displays the
available search options in the soft-key row (see the
table of search options on the next page).
8 Start the search process: The TNC moves to the next
block containing the text you are searching for.
8 Repeat the search process: The TNC moves to the
next block containing the text you are searching for.
8 End the search function.

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4.4 Creating and Writing Programs

Find/Replace any text

The find/replace function is not possible if

„ a program is protected
„ the program is currently being run by the TNC
When using the REPLACE ALL function, ensure that you
do not accidentally replace text that you do not want to
change. Once replaced, such text cannot be restored.

8 If required, select the block containing the word you wish to find.
8 Select the Search function: The TNC superimposes
the search window and displays the available search
functions in the soft-key row.
8 Activate the Replace function: The TNC superimposes
a window for entering the text to be inserted.
8 Enter the text to be searched for. Please note that the
search is case-sensitive. Then confirm with the ENT
key.
8 Enter the text to be inserted. Please note that the
entry is case-sensitive.
8 Start the search process: The TNC displays the
available search options in the soft-key row (see the
table of search options).
8 If required, change the search options.

8 Start the search process: The TNC moves to the next

occurrence of the text you are searching for.
8 To replace the text and then move to the next
occurrence of the text, press the REPLACE soft key.
To replace all text occurrences, press the REPLACE
soft key. To skip the text and move to its next
occurrence press the FIND soft key.
8 End the search function.

84 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

4.5 Interactive Programming

4.5 Interactive Programming Graphics

Graphics
Generating / Not generating graphics during
programming:
While you are writing the part program, you can have the TNC
generate a 2-D pencil-trace graphic of the programmed contour.
8 To switch the screen layout to displaying program blocks to the left
and graphics to the right, press the SPLIT SCREEN key and
PGM + GRAPHICS soft key.
8 Set the AUTO DRAW soft key to ON. While you are
entering the program lines, the TNC generates each
path contour you program in the graphics window in
the right screen half.
If you do not wish to have graphics generated during programming,
set the AUTO DRAW soft key to OFF.
Even when AUTO DRAW ON is active, graphics are not generated for
program section repeats.

Generating a graphic for an existing program

8 Use the arrow keys to select the block up to which you want the
graphic to be generated, or press GOTO and enter the desired block
number.
8 To generate graphics, press the RESET + START soft
key.

Additional functions:

Function Soft key

Generate a complete graphic

Generate interactive graphic blockwise

Generate a complete graphic or complete it after

RESET + START

Stop the programming graphics. This soft key

only appears while the TNC is generating the
interactive graphics

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 85

4.5 Interactive Programming Graphics

Block number display ON/OFF

8 Shift the soft-key row (see figure at upper right).

8 To show block numbers: Set the SHOW OMIT BLOCK

NR. soft key to SHOW.
8 To omit block numbers: Set the SHOW OMIT BLOCK
NR. soft key to OMIT.

Erasing the graphic

8 Shift the soft-key row (see figure at upper right).

8 Delete graphic: Press CLEAR GRAPHIC soft key.

Magnifying or reducing a detail

You can select the graphics display by selecting a detail with the frame
overlay. You can now magnify or reduce the selected detail.
8 Select the soft-key row for detail magnification/reduction (second
row, see figure at center right).
The following functions are available:

Function Soft key

Show and move the frame overlay. Press and
hold the desired soft key to move the frame
overlay.

Reduce the frame overlay—press and hold the

soft key to reduce the detail.

Enlarge the frame overlay—press and hold the

soft key to magnify the detail.

8 Confirm the selected area with the WINDOW DETAIL

soft key.
With the WINDOW BLK FORM soft key, you can restore the original
section.

86 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

4.6 Adding Comments

4.6 Adding Comments

Function
You can add comments to a part program to explain program steps or
make general notes.

Adding a comment line

8 Select the block after which the comment is to be inserted.
8 Select the SPECIAL TNC FUNCTIONS soft key
8 Select the COMMENT soft key
8 Enter your comment using the screen keyboard (GOTO key) or a
USB keyboard, if available, and conclude the block by pressing the
END key.

Functions for editing of the comment

Function Soft key

Jump to beginning of comment.

Jump to end of comment.

Jump to the beginning of a word. Words must be

separated by a space.

Jump to the end of a word. Words must be

separated by a space.

Switch between insert mode and overwrite

mode.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 87

 4.7 Integrated Pocket Calculator
4.7 Integrated Pocket Calculator

Operation
The TNC features an integrated pocket calculator with the basic
mathematical functions.
8 Use the CALC key to show and hide the on-line pocket calculator.
8 Use soft keys to enter the calculator functions.

Mathematical function Command (key)

Addition +

Subtraction –

Multiplication *

Division /

Parenthetic calculations ()

Arc cosine ARC

Sine SIN

Cosine COS

Tangent TAN

Powers of values X^Y

Square root SQRT

Inversion 1/x

p (3.14159265359) PI

Add value to buffer memory M+

Save the value to buffer MS

memory

Recall from buffer memory MR

Delete buffer memory contents MC

Natural logarithm LN

Logarithm LOG

Exponential function e^x

Check algebraic sign SGN

Form the absolute value ABS

Truncate decimal places INT

88 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

 4.7 Integrated Pocket Calculator
Mathematical function Command (key)
Truncate integers FRAC

Modulus operator MOD

Select view Display mode

Delete value DEL

To transfer the calculated value into the program,

8 Select the word into which the calculated value is to be transferred
by using the arrow keys.
8 Superimpose the on-line calculator by using the CALC key and
perform the desired calculation.
8 Press the actual-position-capture key for the TNC to superimpose a
soft-key row.
8 Press the CALC soft key for the TNC to transfer the value into the
active input box and to close the calculator.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 89

 4.8 The Error Messages
4.8 The Error Messages

Display of errors
The TNC generates error messages when it detects problems such
as:
„ Incorrect data input
„ Logical errors in the program
„ Contour elements that are impossible to machine
„ Incorrect use of the touch probe system
When an error occurs, it is displayed in red type in the header. Long
and multi-line error messages are displayed in abbreviated form. If an
error occurs in the background mode, the word “Error” is displayed in
red type. Complete information on all pending errors is shown in the
error window.
If a rare “processor check error” should occur, the TNC automatically
opens the error window. You cannot remove such an error. Shut down
the system and restart the TNC.
The error message is displayed in the header until it is cleared or
replaced by a higher-priority error.
An error message that contains a program block number was caused
by an error in the indicated block or in the preceding block.

Open the error window.

8 Press the ERR key. The TNC opens the error window
and displays all accumulated error messages.

Close the error window

8 Press the END soft key—or

8 Press the ERR key. The TNC closes the error window.

90 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

 4.8 The Error Messages
Detailed error messages
The TNC displays possible causes of the error and suggestions for
solving the problem:
8 Open the error window.
8 Information on the error cause and corrective action:
Position the highlight on the error message and press
the INFO soft key. The TNC opens the window with
information on the error cause and corrective action
8 To leave Info, press the INFO soft key again

DETAILS soft key

The DETAILS soft key supplies information on the error message. This
information is only required if servicing is needed.
8 Open the error window.
8 Detailed information about the error message:
Position the highlight on the error message and press
the DETAILS soft key. The TNC opens the window
with internal information about the error
8 To leave Details, press the DETAILS soft key again

Clearing errors
Clearing errors outside of the error window:
8 To clear the error/message in the header: Press the
CE button.

In some operating modes (such as the Editing mode), the

CE button cannot be used to clear the error, since the
button is reserved for other functions.

Clearing more than one error:

8 Open the error window.
8 Clear individual errors: Position the highlight on the
error message and press the DELETE soft key.
8 Clear all errors: Press the DELETE ALL soft key.

If the cause of the error has not been removed, the error
message cannot be deleted. In this case, the error
message remains in the window.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 91

4.8 The Error Messages

Error log file

The TNC stores errors and important events (e.g. system startup) in
en error log file. The capacity of the error log file is limited. If the log
file is full, the TNC uses a second log file. If this is also full, the first log
file is deleted and written to again, and so on. To view the error history,
switch between CURRENT FILE and PREVIOUS FILE.
8 Open the error window.
8 Press the LOG FILE soft key

8 To open the error log file, press the ERROR LOG FILE
soft key.
8 If you need the previous log file, press the PREVIOUS
FILE soft key.
8 If you need the current log file, press the CURRENT
FILE soft key.

The oldest entry is at the beginning of the error log file, and the most
recent entry is at the end.

Keystroke log file

The TNC stores keystrokes and important events (e.g. system startup)
in the keystroke log file. The capacity of the keystroke log file is
limited. If the log file is full, a second log file is created. If this second
file becomes full, the first is cleared and written to again, and so on.
To view the keystroke history, switch between CURRENT FILE and
PREVIOUS FILE.
8 Press the LOG FILE soft key

8 To open the keystroke log file, press the KEYSTROKE

LOG FILE soft key.
8 If you need the previous log file, press the PREVIOUS
FILE soft key.
8 If you need the current log file, press the CURRENT
FILE soft key.
The TNC saves each key pressed during operation in the keystroke log
file. The oldest entry is at the beginning of the log file, and the most
recent entry is at the end.

92 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

 4.8 The Error Messages
Overview of the buttons and soft keys for viewing the log files:

Function Soft key/key

Go to beginning of log file

Go to end of log file

Current log file

Previous log file

Up/down one line

Return to main menu

Informational texts
After a faulty operation, such as pressing a key without function or
entering a value outside of the valid range, the TNC displays a (green)
text in the header, informing you that the operation was not correct.
The TNC clears this informational text upon the next valid input.

Saving service files

If necessary, you can save the “Current status of the TNC,” and make
it available to a service technician for evaluation. A group of service
files is saved (error and keystroke log files, as well as other files that
contain information about the current status of the machine and the
machining).
If you repeat the “Save service data” function, the previously saved
group of service data files is overwritten.
Saving service files:
8 Open the error window.
8 Press the LOG FILE soft key

8 To save service files, press the SAVE SERVICE FILES

soft key.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 93

 5
Programming: Tools
 5.1 Entering Tool-Related Data
5.1 Entering Tool-Related Data

Feed rate F
The feed rate F is the speed (in millimeters per minute or inches per
minute) at which the tool center moves. The maximum feed rates can S
be different for each machine axis, and are set in machine parameters. Z
S
Input Y
You can enter the feed rate in the TOOL CALL block and in every F
positioning block (see “Creating the program blocks with the path X
function keys” on page 117).

Rapid traverse
If you wish to program rapid traverse, enter F MAX. To enter F MAX,
press the ENT key or the F MAX soft key when the dialog question
FEED RATE F = ? appears on the TNC screen.

To move your machine at rapid traverse, you can also

program the corresponding numerical value, e.g. F30000.
Unlike FMAX, this rapid traverse remains in effect not only
in the individual block but in all blocks until you program a
new feed rate.

Duration of effect
A feed rate entered as a numerical value remains in effect until a block
with a different feed rate is reached. F MAX is only effective in the block
in which it is programmed. After the block with F MAX is executed, the
feed rate will return to the last feed rate entered as a numerical value.

Changing during program run

You can adjust the feed rate during program run with the feed-rate
override knob F.

96 5 Programming: Tools
 5.1 Entering Tool-Related Data
Spindle speed S
The spindle speed S is entered in revolutions per minute (rpm) in a
TOOL CALL block.

Programmed change
In the part program, you can change the spindle speed in a TOOL
CALL block by entering the spindle speed only:
8 To program a tool call, press the TOOL CALL key.
8 Ignore the dialog question for Tool number ? with the
NO ENT key.
8 Ignore the dialog question for Working spindle axis
X/Y/Z ? with the NO ENT key.
8 Enter the new spindle speed for the dialog question
Spindle speed S= ?, and confirm with END.

Changing during program run

You can adjust the spindle speed during program run with the spindle-
speed override knob S.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 97

 5.2 Tool Data
5.2 Tool Data

Requirements for tool compensation

You usually program the coordinates of path contours as they are
dimensioned in the workpiece drawing. To allow the TNC to calculate
the tool center path—i.e. the tool compensation—you must also enter
the length and radius of each tool you are using.
Tool data can be entered either directly in the part program with TOOL
DEF or separately in a tool table. In a tool table, you can also enter
additional data for the specific tool. The TNC will consider all the data
entered for the tool when executing the part program.

Tool numbers and tool names

Each tool is identified by a number between 0 and 9999. If you are
working with tool tables, you can use higher numbers and you can also
enter a tool name for each tool. Tool names can have up to 16
characters.
The tool number 0 is automatically defined as the zero tool with the
length L=0 and the radius R=0. In tool tables, tool T0 should also be
defined with L=0 and R=0.

Tool length L
There are two ways to determine the tool length L:

Determining the difference between the length of the tool and Z

that of a zero tool L0
For the algebraic sign:
L>L0: The tool is longer than the zero tool L0
L<L0: The tool is shorter than the zero tool

To determine the length:

8 Move the zero tool to the reference position in the tool axis
(e.g. workpiece surface with Z=0).
8 Set the datum in the tool axis to 0 (datum setting). X
8 Insert the desired tool.
8 Move the tool to the same reference position as the zero tool.
8 The TNC displays the difference between the current tool and the
zero tool.
8 Enter the value in the TOOL DEF block or in the tool table by
pressing the actual-position-capture key.

Determining the length L with a tool presetter

Enter the determined value directly in the TOOL DEF tool definition
block or in the tool table without further calculations.

98 5 Programming: Tools
 5.2 Tool Data
Tool radius R
You can enter the tool radius R directly.

Delta values for lengths and radii

Delta values are offsets in the length and radius of a tool.
A positive delta value describes a tool oversize (DL, DR, DR2>0). If you R R
are programming the machining data with an allowance, enter the
oversize value in the TOOL CALL block of the part program.
A negative delta value describes a tool undersize (DL, DR, DR2<0). An
undersize is entered in the tool table for wear. L DR<0

Delta values are usually entered as numerical values. In a TOOL CALL

block, you can also assign the values to Q parameters. DR>0

Input range: You can enter a delta value with up to ± 99.999 mm. DL<0
DL>0
Delta values from the tool table influence the graphical
representation of the tool. The representation of the
workpiece remains the same in the simulation.
Delta values from the TOOL CALL block change the
represented size of the workpiece during the simulation.
The simulated tool size remains the same.

Entering tool data into the program

The number, length and radius of a specific tool is defined in the TOOL
DEF block of the part program.
8 To select tool definition, press the TOOL DEF key.
8 Tool number: Each tool is uniquely identified by its tool
number.
8 Tool length: Compensation value for the tool length
8 Tool radius: Compensation value for the tool radius

In the programming dialog, you can transfer the value for

tool length and tool radius directly into the input line by
pressing the desired axis soft key.

Example
4 TOOL DEF 5 L+10 R+5

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 99

5.2 Tool Data

Entering tool data in the table

You can define and store up to 9999 tools and their tool data in a tool
table. Also see the Editing Functions later in this Chapter. In order to
be able to assign various compensation data to a tool (indexing tool
number), insert a line and extend the tool number by a point and a
number from 1 to 9 (e.g. T 5.2).
You must use tool tables if
„ you wish to use indexed tools such as stepped drills with more than
one length compensation value ("VF s¢)
„ your machine tool has an automatic tool changer
„ you want to rough-mill the contour with Cycle 22 (see “ROUGH-
OUT (Cycle 22)” on page 262)

Tool table: Standard tool data

Abbr. Input Dialog
T Number by which the tool is called in the program –
(e.g. 5, indexed: 5.2)

NAME Name by which the tool is called in the program Tool name?

L Value for tool length compensation L Tool length?

R Compensation value for the tool radius R Tool radius R?

R2 Tool radius R2 for toroid cutters (only for 3-D radius compensation Tool radius R2?
or graphical representation of a machining operation with
spherical or toroid cutters)

DL Delta value for tool length L Tool length oversize?

DR Delta value for tool radius R Tool radius oversize?

DR2 Delta value for tool radius R2 Tool radius oversize R2?

TL Set tool lock (TL: Tool Locked) Tool locked?

Yes = ENT / No = NO ENT

RT Number of a replacement tool, if available (RT: for Replacement Replacement tool?

Tool; see also TIME2

TIME1 Maximum tool life in minutes. This function can vary depending Maximum tool age?
on the individual machine tool. Your machine manual provides
more information on TIME1.

TIME2 Maximum tool life in minutes during TOOL CALL: If the current tool Maximum tool age for TOOL CALL?
age exceeds this value, the TNC changes the tool during the next
TOOL CALL (see also CUR.TIME).

CUR.TIME Current age of the tool in minutes: The TNC automatically counts Current tool life?
the current tool life (CUR.TIME). A starting value can be entered for
used tools.

100 5 Programming: Tools

 5.2 Tool Data
Abbr. Input Dialog
TYPE Tool type: Press the SELECT TYPE (3rd soft-key row); the TNC Tool type?
superimposes a window where you can select the type of tool
you want. Functions are currently only assigned to the DRILL and
MILL tool types.

DOC Comment on tool (up to 16 characters) Tool description?

PLC Information on this tool that is to be sent to the PLC PLC status?

LCUTS Tooth length of the tool for Cycle 22 Tooth length in the tool axis?

ANGLE Maximum plunge angle of the tool for reciprocating plunge-cut in Maximum plunge angle?
Cycles 22 and 208

CUT Number of teeth (20 teeth maximum) Number of teeth?

RTOL Permissible deviation from tool radius R for wear detection. If the Wear tolerance: radius?
entered value is exceeded, the TNC locks the tool (status L). Input
range: 0 to 0.9999 mm

LTOL Permissible deviation from tool length L for wear detection. If the Wear tolerance: length?
entered value is exceeded, the TNC locks the tool (status L). Input
range: 0 to 0.9999 mm

DIRECT. Cutting direction of the tool for measuring the tool during rotation Cutting direction (M3 = –)?

TT:R-OFFS Not supported at present Tool offset: radius?

TT:L-OFFS Not supported at present Tool offset: length?

LBREAK Permissible deviation from tool length L for breakage detection. If Breakage tolerance: length?
the entered value is exceeded, the TNC locks the tool (status L).
Input range: 0 to 0.9999 mm

RBREAK Permissible deviation from tool radius R for breakage detection. If Breakage tolerance: radius?
the entered value is exceeded, the TNC locks the tool (status L).
Input range: 0 to 0.9999 mm

LIFTOFF Definition of whether the TNC should retract the tool in the Retract tool Y/N ?
direction of the positive tool axis at an NC stop in order to avoid
leaving dwell marks on the contour. If Y is defined, the TNC
retracts the tool from the contour by 0.1 mm, provided that this
function was activated in the NC program with M148 (see
“Automatically retract tool from the contour at an NC stop:
M148” on page 171).

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 101

5.2 Tool Data

Editing tool tables

The tool table that is active during execution of the part program is
designated TOOL.T and must be saved in the “table” directory. The
tool table TOOL.T can be edited only in a machine mode of operation.
for archiving or test runs, give the tool tables some other name with
the extension .T. By default, for the Test Run and Programming modes
the TNC uses the “simtool.t” tool table, which is also stored in the
“table” directory. In the Programming and Editing mode, press the
TABLE EDITOR soft key to edit it.
To open the tool table TOOL.T:
8 Select any machine operating mode.
8 To select the tool table, press the TOOL TABLE soft
key.
8 Set the EDIT soft key to ON.

To open any other tool table

8 Select the Programming and Editing mode of operation.
8 Call the file manager.

8 To select the file type, press the SELECT TYPE soft

key.
8 To show type .T files, press the SHOW .T soft key.
8 Select a file or enter a new file name. Conclude your
entry with the ENT key or the SELECT soft key.
When you have opened the tool table, you can edit the tool data by
moving the cursor to the desired position in the table with the arrow
keys or the soft keys. You can overwrite the stored values, or enter
new values at any position. The available editing functions are
illustrated in the table below.
If the TNC cannot show all positions in the tool table in one screen
page, the highlight bar at the top of the table will display the symbol
“>>” or “<<”.

Editing functions for tool tables Soft key

Select beginning of table

Select end of table

Select previous page in table

Select next page in table

Find the text or number

102 5 Programming: Tools

 5.2 Tool Data
Editing functions for tool tables Soft key
Move to beginning of line

Move to end of line

Copy highlighted field

Insert copied field

Add the entered number of lines (tools) at the

end of the table.

Insert a line with definable tool number

Delete current line (tool).

Sort the tools according to the content of a

column

Show all drills in the tool table

Show all touch probes in the tool table

Leaving the tool table

8 Call the file manager and select a file of a different type, such as a
part program.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 103

5.2 Tool Data

Pocket table for tool changer

The machine tool builder adapts the functional range of

the pocket table to the requirements of your machine. The
machine tool manual provides further information.

For automatic tool changing you need the pocket table TOOL_P.TCH.
The TNC can manage several pocket tables with any file names. To
activate a specific pocket table for program run you must select it in
the file management of a Program Run mode of operation (status M).

Editing a pocket table in a Program Run operating mode

8 To select the tool table, press the TOOL TABLE soft
key.
8 To select the pocket table, press the POCKET TABLE
soft key.
8 Set the EDIT soft key to ON.

Selecting a pocket table in the Programming and Editing mode of

operation
8 Call the file manager.

8 To select the file type, press the SELECT TYPE soft

key.
8 To show files of the type .TCH, press the soft key TCH
FILES (second soft-key row).
8 Select a file or enter a new file name. Conclude your
entry with the ENT key or the SELECT soft key.

Abbr. Input Dialog

P Pocket number of the tool in the tool magazine –

T Tool number Tool number?

TNAME Display of the tool name from TOOL.T –

ST Special tool ( ST) with a large radius requiring several pockets in the tool Special tool?
magazine. If your special tool takes up pockets in front of and behind its
actual pocket, these additional pockets need to be locked in column L
(status L).

F Fixed tool number. The tool is always returned to the same pocket in the tool Fixed pocket? Yes = ENT /
magazine No = NO ENT

L Locked pocket (see also column ST) Pocket locked Yes = ENT /
No = NO ENT

PLC Information on this tool pocket that is to be sent to the PLC PLC status?

104 5 Programming: Tools

 5.2 Tool Data
Editing functions for pocket tables Soft key
Select beginning of table

Select end of table

Select previous page in table

Select next page in table

Reset pocket table

Reset tool number column T

Go to beginning of the line

Go to end of the line

Simulate a tool change

Activate a filter

Select a tool from the tool table

Edit the current field

Sort the view

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 105

5.2 Tool Data

Calling tool data

A TOOL CALL block in the part program is defined with the following
data:
8 Select the tool call function with the TOOL CALL key.
8 Tool number: Enter the number or name of the tool.
The tool must already be defined in a TOOL DEF block
or in the tool table. The TNC automatically places the
tool name in quotation marks. The tool name always
refers to the entry in the active tool table TOOL.T. If
you wish to call a tool with other compensation
values, also enter the index you defined in the tool
table after the decimal point.
8 Working spindle axis X/Y/Z: Enter the tool axis.
8 Spindle speed S: Spindle speed in rpm
8 Feed rate F: F is effective until you program a new
feed rate in a positioning or TOOL CALL block.
8 Tool length oversize DL: Enter the delta value for
the tool length.
8 Tool radius oversize DR: Enter the delta value for
the tool radius.
8 Tool radius oversize DR2: Enter the delta value for
the tool radius 2.

Example: Tool call

Call tool number 5 in the tool axis Z with a spindle speed of 2500 rpm
and a feed rate of 350 mm/min. The tool length is to be programmed
with an oversize of 0.2 mm, the tool radius 2 with an oversize of
0.05 mm, and the tool radius with an undersize of 1 mm.

20 TOOL CALL 5.2 Z S2500 F350 DL+0.2 DR-1 DR2+0.05

The character D preceding L and R designates delta values.

Tool preselection with tool tables

If you are working with tool tables, use TOOL DEF to preselect the next
tool. Simply enter the tool number or a corresponding Q parameter, or
type the tool name in quotation marks.

106 5 Programming: Tools

 5.2 Tool Data
Tool change

The tool change function can vary depending on the

individual machine tool. The machine tool manual
provides further information.

Tool change position

The tool change position must be approachable without collision. With
the miscellaneous functions M91 and M92, you can enter machine-
referenced (rather than workpiece-referenced) coordinates for the tool
change position. If TOOL CALL 0 is programmed before the first tool
call, the TNC moves the tool spindle in the tool axis to a position that
is independent of the tool length.

Manual tool change

To change the tool manually, stop the spindle and move the tool to the
tool change position:
8 Move to the tool change position under program control.
8 Interrupt program run (see “Interrupting machining”, page 388).
8 Change the tool.
8 Resume program run (see “Resuming program run after an
interruption”, page 389).

Automatic tool change

If your machine tool has automatic tool changing capability, the
program run is not interrupted. When the TNC reaches a TOOL CALL, it
replaces the inserted tool by another from the tool magazine.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 107

5.2 Tool Data

Automatic tool change if the tool life expires: M101

The function of M101 can vary depending on the individual

machine tool. The machine tool manual provides further
information.

The TNC automatically changes the tool if the tool life TIME2 expires
during program run. To use this miscellaneous function, activate M101
at the beginning of the program. M101 is reset with M102.
The tool is changed automatically
„ after the next NC block after expiration of the tool life, or
„ at latest one minute after tool life expires (calculation is for a
potentiometer setting of 100%)

If the tool life ends during an active M120 (look ahead),

the TNC waits to change the tool until after the block in
which you canceled the radius compensation with an R0
block.
The TNC automatically changes the tool even if a fixed
cycle is being run.
As long as a tool change program is running, the TNC
makes no automatic tool change.

Prerequisites for standard NC blocks with radius compensation

R0, RR, RL
The radius of the replacement tool must be the same as that of the
original tool. If the radii are not equal, the TNC displays an error
message and does not replace the tool.

108 5 Programming: Tools

5.3 Tool Compensation

5.3 Tool Compensation

Introduction
The TNC adjusts the spindle path in the tool axis by the compensation
value for the tool length. In the working plane, it compensates the tool
radius.
If you are writing the part program directly on the TNC, the tool radius
compensation is effective only in the working plane. The TNC
accounts for the compensation value in up to five axes including the
rotary axes.

Tool length compensation

Length compensation becomes effective automatically as soon as a
tool is called and the tool axis moves. To cancel length compensation,
call a tool with the length L=0.

If you cancel a positive length compensation with TOOL

CALL 0, the distance between tool and workpiece will be
reduced.
After TOOL CALL, the path of the tool in the tool axis, as
entered in the part program, is adjusted by the difference
between the length of the previous tool and that of the
new one.

For tool length compensation, the TNC takes the delta values from
both the TOOL CALL block and the tool table into account:
Compensation value = L + DLTOOL CALL + DLTAB where

L: is the tool length L from the TOOL DEF block or tool

table.
DL TOOL CALL is the oversize for length DL in the TOOL CALL block
(not taken into account by the position display).
DL TAB is the oversize for length DL in the tool table.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 109

5.3 Tool Compensation

Tool radius compensation

The NC block for programming a tool movement contains: RL
R0
„ RL or RR for radius compensation.
„ R0 if there is no radius compensation.
Radius compensation becomes effective as soon as a tool is called
and is moved with a straight line block in the working plane with RL or
RR. R

The TNC automatically cancels radius compensation if

you: R

„ program a straight line block with R0

„ depart the contour with the DEP function
„ program a PGM CALL
„ select a new program with PGM MGT.

For tool radius compensation, the TNC takes the delta values from
both the TOOL CALL block and the tool table into account:
Compensation value = R + DRTOOL CALL + DRTAB where
R is the tool radius R from the TOOL DEF block or tool
table.
DR TOOL CALL is the oversize for radius DR in the TOOL CALL block
(not taken into account by the position display).
DR TAB is the oversize for radius DR in the tool table.

Contouring without radius compensation: R0

The tool center moves in the working plane along the programmed
path or to the programmed coordinates.
Applications: Drilling and boring, pre-positioning. Z
Y

X
Y

110 5 Programming: Tools

 5.3 Tool Compensation
Tool movements with radius compensation: RR and RL
RR The tool moves to the right of the programmed contour
RL The tool moves to the left of the programmed contour
Y
The tool center moves along the contour at a distance equal to the
radius. “Right” or “left” are to be understood as based on the
direction of tool movement along the workpiece contour. See figures
at right.

Between two program blocks with different radius

compensations (RR and RL) you must program at least one RL
traversing block in the working plane without radius
compensation (that is, with R0).
Radius compensation does not take effect until the end of
the block in which it is first programmed.
X
Whenever radius compensation is activated with RR/RL or
canceled with R0, the TNC positions the tool
perpendicular to the programmed starting or end position.
Position the tool at a sufficient distance from the first or
last contour point to prevent the possibility of damaging
the contour. Y

Entering radius compensation

Program any desired path function, enter the coordinates of the target
point and confirm your entry with ENT.
RR
RADIUS COMP.: RL/RR/NO COMP.?

To select tool movement to the left of the contour,

press the RL soft key, or
X

To select tool movement to the right of the contour,

press the RR soft key, or

To select tool movement without radius

compensation or to cancel radius compensation,
press the ENT key.

To terminate the block, press the END key.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 111

5.3 Tool Compensation

Radius compensation: Machining corners

„ Outside corners
If you program radius compensation, the TNC moves the tool
around outside corners on a transitional arc. If necessary, the TNC
reduces the feed rate at outside corners to reduce machine stress,
for example at very great changes of direction.
„ Inside corners
The TNC calculates the intersection of the tool center paths at inside
RL
corners under radius compensation. From this point it then starts
the next contour element. This prevents damage to the workpiece.
The permissible tool radius, therefore, is limited by the geometry of
the programmed contour.

To prevent the tool from damaging the contour, be careful

not to program the starting or end position for machining
inside corners at a corner of the contour.

RL RL

112 5 Programming: Tools

 6
Programming:
Programming Contours
 6.1 Tool Movements
6.1 Tool Movements

Path functions
˜§pczaF4F˜4pm›p¤˜a’˜¤’¤"dd©˜4phzp’F=˜pO˜’F¦F"d˜4pm›p¤˜
FdFhFm›’:˜’¤4^˜"’˜’›"aV^›˜damF’˜"m=˜4a4¤d"˜"4’˜a›^˜›^F˜z"›^˜ L
O¤m4›apm’:˜©p¤˜4"m˜zpV"h˜›^F˜›ppd˜hp¦FhFm›’˜Op˜straight lines˜"m=˜ L CC
circular arcs.
L
FK Free Contour Programming C
O˜"˜zp=¤4›apm˜="§amV˜a’˜mp›˜=ahFm’apmF=˜Op˜˜"m=˜›^F˜=ahFm’apm’˜
Va¦Fm˜"F˜mp›˜’¤OOa4aFm›˜Op˜4F"›amV˜"˜z"›˜zpV"h:˜©p¤˜4"m˜zpV"h˜
›^F˜§pczaF4F˜4pm›p¤˜§a›^˜›^F˜ ˜OFF˜4pm›p¤˜zpV"hhamV˜"m=˜
^"¦F˜›^F˜˜4"d4¤d"›F˜›^F˜ha’’amV˜="›"
a›^˜ ˜zpV"hhamV:˜©p¤˜"d’p˜zpV"h˜›ppd˜hp¦FhFm›’˜Op˜straight
lines˜"m=˜circular arcs

Miscellaneous functions M
a›^˜›^F˜Œ’˜ha’4Fdd"mFp¤’˜O¤m4›apm’˜©p¤˜4"m˜"OOF4›
„ pV"h˜¤m:˜FV:˜"˜zpV"h˜am›F¤z›apm
Y
„ "4^amF˜O¤m4›apm’:˜’¤4^˜"’˜’§a›4^amV˜’zam=dF˜p›"›apm˜"m=˜4ppd"m›˜
’¤zzd©˜pm˜"m=˜pOO
80
„ pm›p¤amV˜*F^"¦ap˜pO˜›^F˜›ppd
CC
60
Subprograms and program section repeats
0
40 R4
O˜"˜h"4^amamV˜’F„¤Fm4F˜p44¤’˜’F¦F"d˜›ahF’˜am˜"˜zpV"h:˜©p¤˜4"m˜
’"¦F˜›ahF˜"m=˜F=¤4F˜›^F˜4^"m4F˜pO˜zpV"hhamV˜Fp’˜*©˜Fm›FamV˜
›^F˜’F„¤Fm4F˜pm4F˜"m=˜›^Fm˜=FOamamV˜a›˜"’˜"˜’¤*zpV"h˜p˜zpV"h˜
’F4›apm˜FzF"›˜ O˜©p¤˜§a’^˜›p˜F¨F4¤›F˜"˜’zF4aOa4˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜pmd©˜
¤m=F˜4F›"am˜4pm=a›apm’:˜©p¤˜"d’p˜=FOamF˜›^a’˜h"4^amamV˜’F„¤Fm4F˜"’˜ X
10 115
"˜’¤*zpV"h˜ m˜"==a›apm:˜©p¤˜4"m˜^"¦F˜"˜z"›˜zpV"h˜4"dd˜"˜’Fz""›F˜
zpV"h˜Op˜F¨F4¤›apm
pV"hhamV˜§a›^˜’¤*zpV"h’˜"m=˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜FzF"›’˜a’˜
=F’4a*F=˜am˜^"z›F˜n

Programming with Q parameters

m’›F"=˜pO˜zpV"hhamV˜m¤hFa4"d˜¦"d¤F’˜am˜"˜z"›˜zpV"h:˜©p¤˜Fm›F˜
h"cF’˜4"ddF=˜˜z""hF›F’˜ p¤˜"’’aVm˜›^F˜¦"d¤F’˜›p˜›^F˜
 z""hF›F’˜’Fz""›Fd©˜§a›^˜›^F˜˜z""hF›F˜O¤m4›apm’˜ p¤˜4"m˜¤’F˜
›^F˜˜z""hF›F’˜Op˜zpV"hhamV˜h"›^Fh"›a4"d˜O¤m4›apm’˜›^"›˜
4pm›pd˜zpV"h˜F¨F4¤›apm˜p˜=F’4a*F˜"˜4pm›p¤
pV"hhamV˜§a›^˜˜z""hF›F’˜a’˜=F’4a*F=˜am˜^"z›F˜s¬

114 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
6.2 Fundamentals of Path

6.2 Fundamentals of Path Functions

Functions
Programming tool movements for workpiece
Z
machining
p¤˜4F"›F˜"˜z"›˜zpV"h˜*©˜zpV"hhamV˜›^F˜z"›^˜O¤m4›apm’˜Op˜›^F˜
am=a¦a=¤"d˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›’˜am˜’F„¤Fm4F˜ p¤˜¤’¤"dd©˜=p˜›^a’˜*©˜
Y
Fm›FamV˜the coordinates of the end points of the contour
X
elements˜Va¦Fm˜am˜›^F˜zp=¤4›apm˜="§amV˜^F˜˜4"d4¤d"›F’˜›^F˜
"4›¤"d˜z"›^˜pO˜›^F˜›ppd˜Oph˜›^F’F˜4pp=am"›F’:˜"m=˜Oph˜›^F˜›ppd˜="›"˜
"m=˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm
^F˜˜hp¦F’˜"dd˜"¨F’˜zpV"hhF=˜am˜"˜’amVdF˜*dp4c˜’ah¤d›"mFp¤’d©
100
Movement parallel to the machine axes
^F˜zpV"h˜*dp4c˜4pm›"am’˜pmd©˜pmF˜4pp=am"›F˜^F˜˜›^¤’˜hp¦F’˜
›^F˜›ppd˜z""ddFd˜›p˜›^F˜zpV"hhF=˜"¨a’
FzFm=amV˜pm˜›^F˜h"4^amF˜›ppd:˜›^F˜z"›˜zpV"h˜a’˜F¨F4¤›F=˜*©˜
hp¦FhFm›˜pO˜Fa›^F˜›^F˜›ppd˜p˜›^F˜h"4^amF˜›"*dF˜pm˜§^a4^˜›^F˜
§pczaF4F˜a’˜4d"hzF=˜F¦F›^FdF’’:˜©p¤˜"d§"©’˜zpV"h˜z"›^˜
4pm›p¤’˜"’˜aO˜›^F˜›ppd˜hp¦F’˜"m=˜›^F˜§pczaF4F˜Fh"am’˜’›"›apm"©˜ Z
¨"hzdF9

L X+100 Y
X
L "›^˜O¤m4›apm˜Op˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF 50
X+100 pp=am"›F˜pO˜›^F˜Fm=˜zpam›
^F˜›ppd˜F›"am’˜›^F˜ ˜"m=˜!˜4pp=am"›F’˜"m=˜hp¦F’˜›p˜›^F˜zp’a›apm˜
Ks¬¬˜|’FF˜OaV¤F˜"›˜¤zzF˜aV^›} 70
Movement in the main planes
^F˜zpV"h˜*dp4c˜4pm›"am’˜›§p˜4pp=am"›F’˜^F˜˜›^¤’˜hp¦F’˜›^F˜
›ppd˜am˜›^F˜zpV"hhF=˜zd"mF
¨"hzdF9

L X+70 Y+50
Z
^F˜›ppd˜F›"am’˜›^F˜!˜4pp=am"›F˜"m=˜hp¦F’˜am˜›^F˜ ˜zd"mF˜›p˜›^F˜
K•¬:˜ KQ¬˜zp’a›apm˜|’FF˜OaV¤F˜"›˜4Fm›F˜aV^›} Y
Three-dimensional movement X
^F˜zpV"h˜*dp4c˜4pm›"am’˜›^FF˜4pp=am"›F’˜^F˜˜›^¤’˜hp¦F’˜
›^F˜›ppd˜am˜’z"4F˜›p˜›^F˜zpV"hhF=˜zp’a›apm
¨"hzdF9

L X+80 Y+0 Z-10 80

-10

   ˜˜¢¬ 115

6.2 Fundamentals of Path Functions

Circles and circular arcs

^F˜˜hp¦F’˜›§p˜"¨F’˜’ah¤d›"mFp¤’d©˜am˜"˜4a4¤d"˜z"›^˜Fd"›a¦F˜›p˜
›^F˜§pczaF4F˜ p¤˜4"m˜=FOamF˜"˜4a4¤d"˜hp¦FhFm›˜*©˜Fm›FamV˜›^F˜
4a4dF˜4Fm›F˜
Y Y
^Fm˜©p¤˜zpV"h˜"˜4a4dF:˜›^F˜4pm›pd˜"’’aVm’˜a›˜›p˜pmF˜pO˜›^F˜h"am˜
zd"mF’˜^a’˜zd"mF˜a’˜=FOamF=˜"¤›ph"›a4"dd©˜§^Fm˜©p¤˜’F›˜›^F˜’zam=dF˜
"¨a’˜=¤amV˜"˜˜9

Spindle axis Main plane

CC
YCC
Z XY:˜"d’p
:˜:˜

Y ZX:˜"d’p
:˜!:˜ X X
XCC
X YZ:˜"d’p
:˜ :˜!

Direction of rotation DR for circular movements

O˜"˜4a4¤d"˜z"›^˜^"’˜mp˜›"mVFm›a"d˜›"m’a›apm˜›p˜"mp›^F˜
4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›:˜Fm›F˜›^F˜=aF4›apm˜pO˜p›"›apm˜9
Z
dp4c§a’F˜=aF4›apm˜pO˜p›"›apm9˜J DR+
p¤m›F4dp4c§a’F˜=aF4›apm˜pO˜p›"›apm9˜‚ Y DR– CC
CC
X

116 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
 6.2 Fundamentals of Path Functions
Radius compensation
^F˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm˜h¤’›˜*F˜am˜›^F˜*dp4c˜am˜§^a4^˜©p¤˜hp¦F˜›p˜
›^F˜Oa’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜ p¤˜4"mmp›˜*FVam˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm˜am˜"˜
4a4dF˜*dp4c˜ ›˜h¤’›˜*F˜"4›a¦"›F=˜*FOpF^"m=˜am˜"˜’›"aV^›_damF˜*dp4c˜
|’FF˜‰"›^˜pm›p¤’I"›F’a"m˜pp=am"›F’:Š˜z"VF˜s¢Q}˜p˜"zzp"4^˜
*dp4c˜|˜*dp4c:˜’FF˜‰pm›p¤˜zzp"4^˜"m=˜Fz"›¤F:Š˜z"VF˜
ssn}

Pre-positioning
FOpF˜¤mmamV˜"˜z"›˜zpV"h:˜"d§"©’˜zF_zp’a›apm˜›^F˜›ppd˜›p˜zF¦Fm›˜
›^F˜zp’’a*ada›©˜pO˜="h"VamV˜a›˜p˜›^F˜§pczaF4F˜

Creating the program blocks with the path function keys

^F˜V"©˜z"›^˜O¤m4›apm˜cF©’˜ama›a"›F˜›^F˜zd"am˜d"mV¤"VF˜=a"dpV˜^F˜˜
"’c’˜©p¤˜’¤44F’’a¦Fd©˜Op˜"dd˜›^F˜mF4F’’"©˜amOph"›apm˜"m=˜am’F›’˜›^F˜
zpV"h˜*dp4c˜am›p˜›^F˜z"›˜zpV"h
¨"hzdFIzpV"hhamV˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF9

ma›a"›F˜›^F˜zpV"hhamV˜=a"dpV:˜FV˜Op˜"˜’›"aV^›˜
damF

COORDINATES?

m›F˜›^F˜4pp=am"›F’˜pO˜›^F˜’›"aV^›_damF˜Fm=˜zpam›
10

RADIUS COMP.: RL/RR/NO COMP.?

FdF4›˜›^F˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm˜|^FF:˜zF’’˜›^F˜¬˜
’pO›˜cF©I›^F˜›ppd˜hp¦F’˜§a›^p¤›˜4phzFm’"›apm}

FEED RATE F=? / F MAX = ENT

m›F˜›^F˜OFF=˜"›F˜|^FF:˜s¬¬˜hh—ham}:˜"m=˜4pmOah˜
100 ©p¤˜Fm›©˜§a›^˜˜ p˜zpV"hhamV˜am˜am4^F’:˜
Fm›F˜s¬¬˜Op˜"˜OFF=˜"›F˜pO˜s¬˜azh

p¦F˜"›˜"za=˜›"¦F’F9˜zF’’˜›^F˜ ˜’pO›˜cF©

p˜›"¦F’F˜§a›^˜›^F˜OFF=˜"›F˜=FOamF=˜am˜›^F˜TOOL
CALL˜*dp4c:˜zF’’˜›^F˜ ˜’pO›˜cF©

   ˜˜¢¬ 117

6.2 Fundamentals of Path Functions

MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M?

3 m›F˜"˜ha’4Fdd"mFp¤’˜O¤m4›apm˜|^FF:˜}:˜"m=˜
›Fham"›F˜›^F˜=a"dpV˜§a›^˜

^F˜z"›˜zpV"h˜mp§˜4pm›"am’˜›^F˜Opddp§amV˜damF9

L X+10 Y+5 RL F100 M3

118 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
6.3 Contour Approach and

6.3 Contour Approach and Departure

Departure
Overview: Types of paths for contour approach
and departure
^F˜O¤m4›apm’˜Op˜4pm›p¤˜"zzp"4^˜˜"m=˜=Fz"›¤F˜˜"F˜
"4›a¦"›F=˜§a›^˜›^F˜—˜cF©˜ p¤˜4"m˜›^Fm˜’FdF4›˜›^F˜=F’aF=˜
z"›^˜O¤m4›apm˜§a›^˜›^F˜4pF’zpm=amV˜’pO›˜cF©9

Function Approach Departure

›"aV^›˜damF˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm

›"aV^›˜damF˜zFzFm=a4¤d"˜›p˜"˜4pm›p¤˜
zpam›

a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm

a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm˜
›p˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜zzp"4^˜"m=˜=Fz"›¤F˜
›p˜"m˜"¤¨ada"©˜zpam›˜p¤›’a=F˜pO˜›^F˜
4pm›p¤˜pm˜"˜›"mVFm›a"dd©˜4pmmF4›amV˜
damF

Approaching and departing a helix

^F˜›ppd˜"zzp"4^F’˜"m=˜=Fz"›’˜"˜^Fda¨˜pm˜a›’˜F¨›Fm’apm˜*©˜hp¦amV˜am˜
"˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜›^"›˜4pmmF4›’˜›"mVFm›a"dd©˜›p˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜ p¤˜zpV"h˜
^Fda¨˜"zzp"4^˜"m=˜=Fz"›¤F˜§a›^˜›^F˜˜˜"m=˜˜˜O¤m4›apm’˜

Important positions for approach and departure

„ ›"›amV˜zpam›˜
p¤˜zpV"h˜›^a’˜zp’a›apm˜am˜›^F˜*dp4c˜*FOpF˜›^F˜˜*dp4c˜˜daF’˜
p¤›’a=F˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜"m=˜a’˜"zzp"4^F=˜§a›^p¤›˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm˜
|¬}
„ ¤¨ada"©˜zpam›˜ RL
phF˜pO˜›^F˜z"›^’˜Op˜"zzp"4^˜"m=˜=Fz"›¤F˜Vp˜›^p¤V^˜"m˜
"¤¨ada"©˜zpam›˜ ˜›^"›˜›^F˜˜4"d4¤d"›F’˜Oph˜©p¤˜amz¤›˜am˜›^F˜
˜p˜˜*dp4c˜^F˜˜hp¦F’˜Oph˜›^F˜4¤Fm›˜zp’a›apm˜›p˜›^F˜ RL
"¤¨ada"©˜zpam›˜ ˜"›˜›^F˜OFF=˜"›F˜d"’›˜zpV"hhF=
„ a’›˜4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜˜"m=˜d"’›˜4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜ PN R0
p¤˜zpV"h˜›^F˜Oa’›˜4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜˜am˜›^F˜˜*dp4c˜^F˜d"’›˜
4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜˜4"m˜*F˜zpV"hhF=˜§a›^˜"m©˜z"›^˜O¤m4›apm˜ O˜›^F˜ PA RL PE RL
˜*dp4c˜"d’p˜4pm›"am’˜"˜!˜"¨a’˜4pp=am"›F:˜›^F˜˜§add˜Oa’›˜hp¦F˜
›^F˜›ppd˜›p˜ ˜am˜›^F˜§pcamV˜zd"mF:˜"m=˜›^Fm˜hp¦F˜a›˜›p˜›^F˜Fm›FF=˜ PH RL
=Fz›^˜am˜›^F˜›ppd˜"¨a’
PS R0

   ˜˜¢¬ 119

 „ m=˜zpam›˜˜
6.3 Contour Approach and Departure

^F˜zp’a›apm˜˜daF’˜p¤›’a=F˜pO˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜"m=˜F’¤d›’˜Oph˜©p¤˜
amz¤›˜am˜›^F˜˜*dp4c˜ O˜›^F˜˜*dp4c˜"d’p˜4pm›"am’˜"˜!˜"¨a’˜
4pp=am"›F:˜›^F˜˜§add˜Oa’›˜hp¦F˜›^F˜›ppd˜›p˜ ˜am˜›^F˜§pcamV˜
zd"mF:˜"m=˜›^Fm˜hp¦F˜a›˜›p˜›^F˜Fm›FF=˜=Fz›^˜am˜›^F˜›ppd˜"¨a’
Abbreviation Meaning
 zzp"4^

 Fz"›¤F

 amF

 a4dF˜

 "mVFm›a"d˜|’hpp›^˜4pmmF4›apm}

 ph"d˜|zFzFm=a4¤d"}

^F˜˜=pF’˜mp›˜4^F4c˜§^F›^F˜›^F˜zpV"hhF=˜
4pm›p¤˜§add˜*F˜="h"VF=˜§^Fm˜hp¦amV˜Oph˜›^F˜"4›¤"d˜
zp’a›apm˜›p˜›^F˜"¤¨ada"©˜zpam›˜ ˜’F˜›^F˜›F’›˜V"z^a4’˜›p˜
’ah¤d"›F˜"zzp"4^˜"m=˜=Fz"›¤F˜*FOpF˜F¨F4¤›amV˜›^F˜
z"›˜zpV"h
a›^˜›^F˜˜:˜˜˜"m=˜˜˜O¤m4›apm’:˜›^F˜
˜hp¦F’˜›^F˜›ppd˜Oph˜›^F˜"4›¤"d˜zp’a›apm˜›p˜›^F˜
"¤¨ada"©˜zpam›˜ ˜"›˜›^F˜OFF=˜"›F˜›^"›˜§"’˜d"’›˜
zpV"hhF=˜a›^˜›^F˜˜˜O¤m4›apm:˜›^F˜˜
hp¦F’˜›p˜›^F˜"¤¨ada"©˜zpam›˜ ˜"›˜›^F˜OFF=˜"›F˜
zpV"hhF=˜§a›^˜›^F˜˜*dp4c˜ O˜mp˜OFF=˜"›F˜a’˜
zpV"hhF=˜©F›˜*FOpF˜›^F˜"zzp"4^˜*dp4c:˜›^F˜˜
VFmF"›F’˜"m˜Fp˜hF’’"VF

Polar coordinates
p¤˜4"m˜"d’p˜zpV"h˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜zpam›’˜Op˜›^F˜Opddp§amV˜"zzp"4^—
=Fz"›¤F˜O¤m4›apm’˜p¦F˜zpd"˜4pp=am"›F’9
„ ˜˜*F4phF’˜˜
„ ˜˜*F4phF’˜˜
„ ˜˜*F4phF’˜˜
„ ˜˜*F4phF’˜˜
„ ˜˜*F4phF’˜˜
FdF4›˜*©˜’pO›˜cF©˜"m˜"zzp"4^˜p˜=Fz"›¤F˜O¤m4›apm:˜›^Fm˜zF’’˜›^F˜
p"mVF˜˜cF©

Radius compensation
^F˜›ppd˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm˜a’˜zpV"hhF=˜›pVF›^F˜§a›^˜›^F˜Oa’›˜
4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜˜am˜›^F˜˜*dp4c˜^F˜˜*dp4c’˜"¤›ph"›a4"dd©˜
=a’4"=˜›^F˜›ppd˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm
pm›p¤˜"zzp"4^˜§a›^p¤›˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm9˜ O˜©p¤˜zpV"h˜›^F˜
˜*dp4c˜§a›^˜¬:˜›^F˜˜§add˜4"d4¤d"›F˜›^F˜›ppd˜z"›^˜Op˜"˜›ppd˜
"=a¤’˜pO˜¬˜hh˜"m=˜"˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm˜M˜^F˜"=a¤’˜
4phzFm’"›apm˜a’˜mF4F’’"©˜›p˜’F›˜›^F˜=aF4›apm˜pO˜4pm›p¤˜"zzp"4^˜
"m=˜=Fz"›¤F˜am˜›^F˜—˜˜"m=˜—˜˜O¤m4›apm’

120 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
 6.3 Contour Approach and Departure
Approaching on a straight line with tangential
connection: APPR LT Y
35
^F˜›ppd˜hp¦F’˜pm˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF˜Oph˜›^F˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜˜›p˜"m˜
"¤¨ada"©˜zpam›˜ ˜ ›˜›^Fm˜hp¦F’˜›p˜›^F˜Oa’›˜4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜˜pm˜"˜

R
’›"aV^›˜damF˜›^"›˜4pmmF4›’˜›"mVFm›a"dd©˜›p˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜^F˜"¤¨ada"©˜

R
15
PA
zpam›˜ ˜a’˜’Fz""›F=˜Oph˜›^F˜Oa’›˜4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜˜*©˜›^F˜=a’›"m4F˜ 20 RR

8 ’F˜"m©˜z"›^˜O¤m4›apm˜›p˜"zzp"4^˜›^F˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜ 10
8 ma›a"›F˜›^F˜=a"dpV˜§a›^˜›^F˜—˜cF©˜"m=˜˜˜’pO›˜cF©9 PH PS
8 pp=am"›F’˜pO˜›^F˜Oa’›˜4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜ RR R0

8 9˜a’›"m4F˜Oph˜›^F˜"¤¨ada"©˜zpam›˜ ˜›p˜›^F˜Oa’›˜
4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜ X
20 35 40
8 "=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm˜—˜Op˜h"4^amamV

Example NC blocks
7 L X+40 Y+10 RO FMAX M3 zzp"4^˜˜§a›^p¤›˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm
8 APPR LT X+20 Y+20 Z-10 LEN15 RR F100 ˜§a›^˜"=a¤’˜4phz˜:˜=a’›"m4F˜ ˜›p˜9˜KsQ
9 L Y+35 Y+35 m=˜zpam›˜pO˜›^F˜Oa’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›
10 L ... F¨›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›

Approaching on a straight line perpendicular to

the first contour point: APPR LN Y
35
^F˜›ppd˜hp¦F’˜pm˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF˜Oph˜›^F˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜˜›p˜"m˜
"¤¨ada"©˜zpam›˜ ˜ ›˜›^Fm˜hp¦F’˜›p˜›^F˜Oa’›˜4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜˜pm˜"˜
’›"aV^›˜damF˜zFzFm=a4¤d"˜›p˜›^F˜Oa’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜^F˜"¤¨ada"©˜
R
R

zpam›˜ ˜a’˜’Fz""›F=˜*©˜›^F˜=a’›"m4F˜˜zd¤’˜›^F˜›ppd˜"=a¤’˜Oph˜›^F˜ PA
Oa’›˜4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜˜ 20 RR
15
8 ’F˜"m©˜z"›^˜O¤m4›apm˜›p˜"zzp"4^˜›^F˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜
8 ma›a"›F˜›^F˜=a"dpV˜§a›^˜›^F˜—˜cF©˜"m=˜˜˜’pO›˜cF©9 10
PH PS
8 pp=am"›F’˜pO˜›^F˜Oa’›˜4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜
RR R0
8 FmV›^9˜a’›"m4F˜›p˜›^F˜"¤¨ada"©˜zpam›˜ ˜d§"©’˜
Fm›F˜˜"’˜"˜zp’a›a¦F˜¦"d¤FM
X
8 "=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm˜—˜Op˜h"4^amamV 10 20 40

Example NC blocks
7 L X+40 Y+10 RO FMAX M3 zzp"4^˜˜§a›^p¤›˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm
8 APPR LN X+10 Y+20 Z-10 LEN15 RR F100 ˜§a›^˜"=a¤’˜4phz˜
9 L X+20 Y+35 m=˜zpam›˜pO˜›^F˜Oa’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›
10 L ... F¨›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›

   ˜˜¢¬ 121

6.3 Contour Approach and Departure

Approaching on a circular path with tangential

connection: APPR CT Y
35
^F˜›ppd˜hp¦F’˜pm˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF˜Oph˜›^F˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜˜›p˜"m˜
"¤¨ada"©˜zpam›˜ ˜ ›˜›^Fm˜hp¦F’˜›p˜›^F˜Oa’›˜4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜˜Opddp§amV˜

R
R
"˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜›^"›˜a’˜›"mVFm›a"d˜›p˜›^F˜Oa’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜ PA
20
^F˜"4˜Oph˜ ˜›p˜˜a’˜=F›FhamF=˜›^p¤V^˜›^F˜"=a¤’˜˜"m=˜›^F˜ RR
CCA=
4Fm›F˜"mVdF˜˜^F˜=aF4›apm˜pO˜p›"›apm˜pO˜›^F˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜a’˜ 180°
"¤›ph"›a4"dd©˜=Fa¦F=˜Oph˜›^F˜›ppd˜z"›^˜Op˜›^F˜Oa’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜ 0
10 R1
8 ’F˜"m©˜z"›^˜O¤m4›apm˜›p˜"zzp"4^˜›^F˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜ PS
PH R0
8 ma›a"›F˜›^F˜=a"dpV˜§a›^˜›^F˜—˜cF©˜"m=˜˜˜’pO›˜cF©9
RR
8 pp=am"›F’˜pO˜›^F˜Oa’›˜4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜
X
8 "=a¤’˜˜pO˜›^F˜4a4¤d"˜"4 10 20 40
„ O˜›^F˜›ppd˜’^p¤d=˜"zzp"4^˜›^F˜§pczaF4F˜am˜›^F˜
=aF4›apm˜=FOamF=˜*©˜›^F˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm9˜m›F˜
˜"’˜"˜zp’a›a¦F˜¦"d¤F
„ O˜›^F˜›ppd˜’^p¤d=˜"zzp"4^˜›^F˜§pczaF4F˜pzzp’a›F˜
›p˜›^F˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm9˜
m›F˜˜"’˜"˜mFV"›a¦F˜¦"d¤F
8 Fm›F˜"mVdF˜˜pO˜›^F˜"4

„ ˜4"m˜*F˜Fm›FF=˜pmd©˜"’˜"˜zp’a›a¦F˜¦"d¤F
„ "¨ah¤h˜amz¤›˜¦"d¤F˜–¬@
8 "=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm˜—˜Op˜h"4^amamV

Example NC blocks
7 L X+40 Y+10 RO FMAX M3 zzp"4^˜˜§a›^p¤›˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm
8 APPR CT X+10 Y+20 Z-10 CCA180 R+10 RR F100 ˜§a›^˜"=a¤’˜4phz˜:˜"=a¤’˜Ks¬
9 L X+20 Y+35 m=˜zpam›˜pO˜›^F˜Oa’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›
10 L ... F¨›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›

Approaching on a circular arc with tangential

connection from a straight line to the contour: Y
35
APPR LCT
R

^F˜›ppd˜hp¦F’˜pm˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF˜Oph˜›^F˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜˜›p˜"m˜
R

"¤¨ada"©˜zpam›˜ ˜ ›˜›^Fm˜hp¦F’˜›p˜›^F˜Oa’›˜4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜˜pm˜"˜ PA
20
4a4¤d"˜"4˜^F˜OFF=˜"›F˜zpV"hhF=˜am˜›^F˜˜*dp4c˜a’˜am˜FOOF4› RR

^F˜"4˜a’˜4pmmF4›F=˜›"mVFm›a"dd©˜*p›^˜›p˜›^F˜damF˜˜J˜ ˜"’˜§Fdd˜"’˜›p˜
0
›^F˜Oa’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜m4F˜›^F’F˜damF’˜"F˜cmp§m:˜›^F˜"=a¤’˜›^Fm˜ 10 R1
’¤OOa4F’˜›p˜4phzdF›Fd©˜=FOamF˜›^F˜›ppd˜z"›^ PS
R0
8 ’F˜"m©˜z"›^˜O¤m4›apm˜›p˜"zzp"4^˜›^F˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜ PH
8 ma›a"›F˜›^F˜=a"dpV˜§a›^˜›^F˜—˜cF©˜"m=˜˜˜’pO›˜cF©9 RR
X
8 pp=am"›F’˜pO˜›^F˜Oa’›˜4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜ 10 20 40
8 "=a¤’˜˜pO˜›^F˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜m›F˜˜"’˜"˜zp’a›a¦F˜¦"d¤F
8 "=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm˜—˜Op˜h"4^amamV

122 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
 6.3 Contour Approach and Departure
Example NC blocks
7 L X+40 Y+10 RO FMAX M3 zzp"4^˜˜§a›^p¤›˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm
8 APPR LCT X+10 Y+20 Z-10 R10 RR F100 ˜§a›^˜"=a¤’˜4phz˜:˜"=a¤’˜Ks¬
9 L X+20 Y+35 m=˜zpam›˜pO˜›^F˜Oa’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›
10 L ... F¨›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›

Departing on a straight line with tangential

connection: DEP LT Y
RR
^F˜›ppd˜hp¦F’˜pm˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF˜Oph˜›^F˜d"’›˜4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜˜›p˜›^F˜
Fm=˜zpam›˜˜^F˜damF˜daF’˜pm˜›^F˜F¨›Fm’apm˜pO˜›^F˜d"’›˜4pm›p¤˜
FdFhFm›˜˜a’˜’Fz""›F=˜Oph˜˜*©˜›^F˜=a’›"m4F˜
20 PE
8 pV"h˜›^F˜d"’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜§a›^˜›^F˜Fm=˜zpam›˜˜"m=˜"=a¤’˜
4phzFm’"›apm RR

12.5
8 ma›a"›F˜›^F˜=a"dpV˜§a›^˜›^F˜—˜cF©˜"m=˜˜˜’pO›˜cF©9
8 9˜m›F˜›^F˜=a’›"m4F˜Oph˜›^F˜d"’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜ PN
˜›p˜›^F˜Fm=˜zpam›˜ R0

X
Example NC blocks
23 L Y+20 RR F100 "’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›9˜˜§a›^˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm
24 DEP LT LEN12.5 F100 Fz"›˜4pm›p¤˜*©˜Ks¢Q˜hh
25 L Z+100 FMAX M2 F›"4›˜am˜!:˜F›¤m˜›p˜*dp4c˜s:˜Fm=˜zpV"h

Departing on a straight line perpendicular to the

last contour point: DEP LN Y
^F˜›ppd˜hp¦F’˜pm˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF˜Oph˜›^F˜d"’›˜4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜˜›p˜›^F˜ RR
Fm=˜zpam›˜˜^F˜damF˜=Fz"›’˜pm˜"˜zFzFm=a4¤d"˜z"›^˜Oph˜›^F˜d"’›˜ PN
4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜˜˜a’˜’Fz""›F=˜Oph˜˜*©˜›^F˜=a’›"m4F˜˜zd¤’˜›^F˜
›ppd˜"=a¤’ R0
20 PE
8 pV"h˜›^F˜d"’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜§a›^˜›^F˜Fm=˜zpam›˜˜"m=˜"=a¤’˜
RR
4phzFm’"›apm 20
8 ma›a"›F˜›^F˜=a"dpV˜§a›^˜›^F˜—˜cF©˜"m=˜˜˜’pO›˜cF©9
8 9˜m›F˜›^F˜=a’›"m4F˜Oph˜›^F˜d"’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜
›p˜
d§"©’˜Fm›F˜˜"’˜"˜zp’a›a¦F˜¦"d¤FM
X

Example NC blocks
23 L Y+20 RR F100 "’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›9˜˜§a›^˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm
24 DEP LN LEN+20 F100 Fz"›˜zFzFm=a4¤d"˜›p˜4pm›p¤˜*©˜K¢¬˜hh
25 L Z+100 FMAX M2 F›"4›˜am˜!:˜F›¤m˜›p˜*dp4c˜s:˜Fm=˜zpV"h

   ˜˜¢¬ 123

6.3 Contour Approach and Departure

Departure on a circular path with tangential

connection: DEP CT Y
^F˜›ppd˜hp¦F’˜pm˜"˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜Oph˜›^F˜d"’›˜4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜˜›p˜›^F˜ RR
Fm=˜zpam›˜˜^F˜"4˜a’˜›"mVFm›a"dd©˜4pmmF4›F=˜›p˜›^F˜d"’›˜4pm›p¤˜ PN
FdFhFm›
R0
8 pV"h˜›^F˜d"’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜§a›^˜›^F˜Fm=˜zpam›˜˜"m=˜"=a¤’˜ 20
PE
4phzFm’"›apm

R8
180° RR
8 ma›a"›F˜›^F˜=a"dpV˜§a›^˜›^F˜—˜cF©˜"m=˜˜˜’pO›˜cF©9
8 Fm›F˜"mVdF˜˜pO˜›^F˜"4

8 "=a¤’˜˜pO˜›^F˜4a4¤d"˜"4
„ O˜›^F˜›ppd˜’^p¤d=˜=Fz"›˜›^F˜§pczaF4F˜am˜›^F˜
=aF4›apm˜pO˜›^F˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm˜|aF˜›p˜›^F˜ X
aV^›˜§a›^˜˜p˜›p˜›^F˜dFO›˜§a›^˜}9˜m›F˜˜"’˜"˜
zp’a›a¦F˜¦"d¤F
„ O˜›^F˜›ppd˜’^p¤d=˜=Fz"›˜›^F˜§pczaF4F˜am˜›^F˜
=aF4›apm˜opposite˜›p˜›^F˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm9˜
m›F˜˜"’˜"˜mFV"›a¦F˜¦"d¤F

Example NC blocks
23 L Y+20 RR F100 "’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›9˜˜§a›^˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm
24 DEP CT CCA 180 R+8 F100 Fm›F˜"mVdFKsG¬@:˜
"4˜"=a¤’KG˜hh
25 L Z+100 FMAX M2 F›"4›˜am˜!:˜F›¤m˜›p˜*dp4c˜s:˜Fm=˜zpV"h

Departing on a circular arc tangentially

connecting the contour and a straight line: Y
DEP LCT RR

^F˜›ppd˜hp¦F’˜pm˜"˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜Oph˜›^F˜d"’›˜4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜˜›p˜"m˜
"¤¨ada"©˜zpam›˜ ˜ ›˜›^Fm˜hp¦F’˜pm˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF˜›p˜›^F˜Fm=˜zpam›˜˜
20
^F˜"4˜a’˜›"mVFm›a"dd©˜4pmmF4›F=˜*p›^˜›p˜›^F˜d"’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜"m=˜ PE
R8

›p˜›^F˜damF˜Oph˜ ˜›p˜˜m4F˜›^F’F˜damF’˜"F˜cmp§m:˜›^F˜"=a¤’˜˜ RR
›^Fm˜’¤OOa4F’˜›p˜4phzdF›Fd©˜=FOamF˜›^F˜›ppd˜z"›^ 12
PH
8 pV"h˜›^F˜d"’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜§a›^˜›^F˜Fm=˜zpam›˜˜"m=˜"=a¤’˜ PN
4phzFm’"›apm R0
R0
8 ma›a"›F˜›^F˜=a"dpV˜§a›^˜›^F˜—˜cF©˜"m=˜˜˜’pO›˜cF©9
8 m›F˜›^F˜4pp=am"›F’˜pO˜›^F˜Fm=˜zpam›˜ X
10
8 "=a¤’˜˜pO˜›^F˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜m›F˜˜"’˜"˜zp’a›a¦F˜¦"d¤F

Example NC blocks
23 L Y+20 RR F100 "’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›9˜˜§a›^˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm
24 DEP LCT X+10 Y+12 R+8 F100 pp=am"›F’˜:˜"4˜"=a¤’KG˜hh
25 L Z+100 FMAX M2 F›"4›˜am˜!:˜F›¤m˜›p˜*dp4c˜s:˜Fm=˜zpV"h

124 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
 6.4 Path Contours—Cartesian Coordinates
6.4 Path Contours—Cartesian
Coordinates
Overview of path functions
Function Path function key Tool movement Required input
amF˜L ›"aV^›˜damF pp=am"›F’˜pO˜›^F˜Fm=˜zpam›’˜pO˜
›^F˜’›"aV^›˜damF

^"hOF˜CHF ^"hOF˜*F›§FFm˜›§p˜’›"aV^›˜ ^"hOF˜’a=F˜dFmV›^

damF’

a4dF˜Fm›F˜CC pmF pp=am"›F’˜pO˜›^F˜4a4dF˜4Fm›F˜p˜

zpdF

a4dF˜C a4¤d"˜"4˜"p¤m=˜"˜4a4dF˜4Fm›F˜ pp=am"›F’˜pO˜›^F˜"4˜Fm=˜zpam›:˜

˜›p˜"m˜"4˜Fm=˜zpam› =aF4›apm˜pO˜p›"›apm

a4¤d"˜4˜CR a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^˜"˜4F›"am˜"=a¤’ pp=am"›F’˜pO˜›^F˜"4˜Fm=˜zpam›:˜

"4˜"=a¤’:˜=aF4›apm˜pO˜p›"›apm

a4¤d"˜4˜CT a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d˜ pp=am"›F’˜pO˜›^F˜"4˜Fm=˜zpam›

4pmmF4›apm˜›p˜›^F˜zF4F=amV˜"m=˜
’¤*’F„¤Fm›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›’

pmF˜p¤m=amV˜RND a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d˜ p¤m=amV˜"=a¤’˜

4pmmF4›apm˜›p˜›^F˜zF4F=amV˜"m=˜
’¤*’F„¤Fm›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›’

FK˜ FF˜pm›p¤˜ ›"aV^›˜damF˜p˜4a4¤d"˜z"›^˜§a›^˜ ’FF˜‰"›^˜pm›p¤’I ˜ FF˜

pV"hhamV "m©˜4pmmF4›apm˜›p˜›^F˜zF4F=amV˜ pm›p¤˜pV"hhamV:Š˜z"VF˜
4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm› sT

Straight Line L
^F˜˜hp¦F’˜›^F˜›ppd˜am˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF˜Oph˜a›’˜4¤Fm›˜zp’a›apm˜›p˜
›^F˜’›"aV^›_damF˜Fm=˜zpam›˜^F˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜a’˜›^F˜Fm=˜zpam›˜pO˜›^F˜ Y
zF4F=amV˜*dp4c
40
8 Coordinates˜pO˜›^F˜Fm=˜zpam›˜pO˜›^F˜’›"aV^›˜damF
15

¤›^F˜Fm›aF’:˜aO˜mF4F’’"©9
8 Radius compensation RL/RR/R0
10

8 Feed rate F
8 Miscellaneous function M

20 X
10
60

   ˜˜¢¬ 125

6.4 Path Contours—Cartesian Coordinates

Example NC blocks
7 L X+10 Y+40 RL F200 M3
8 L IX+20 IY-15
9 L X+60 IY-10

Actual position capture

p¤˜4"m˜"d’p˜VFmF"›F˜"˜’›"aV^›_damF˜*dp4c˜|˜*dp4c}˜*©˜¤’amV˜›^F˜
_  _˜cF©9
8 m˜›^F˜"m¤"d˜zF"›apm˜hp=F:˜hp¦F˜›^F˜›ppd˜›p˜›^F˜zp’a›apm˜©p¤˜
§a’^˜›p˜4"z›¤F
8 §a›4^˜›^F˜’4FFm˜=a’zd"©˜›p˜pV"hhamV˜"m=˜=a›amV
8 FdF4›˜›^F˜zpV"h˜*dp4c˜"O›F˜§^a4^˜©p¤˜§"m›˜›p˜am’F›˜›^F˜˜*dp4c
8 F’’˜›^F˜_  _˜cF©9˜^F˜
˜VFmF"›F’˜"m˜˜*dp4c˜§a›^˜›^F˜"4›¤"d˜zp’a›apm˜
4pp=am"›F’

Inserting a Chamfer CHF between Two Straight

Lines
^F˜4^"hOF˜Fm"*dF’˜©p¤˜›p˜4¤›˜pOO˜4pmF’˜"›˜›^F˜am›F’F4›apm˜pO˜›§p˜
’›"aV^›˜damF’
Y 12
„ ^F˜*dp4c’˜*FOpF˜"m=˜"O›F˜›^F˜ ˜*dp4c˜h¤’›˜*F˜am˜›^F˜’"hF˜
§pcamV˜zd"mF
„ ^F˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm˜*FOpF˜"m=˜"O›F˜›^F˜4^"hOF˜*dp4c˜h¤’›˜
*F˜›^F˜’"hF

12
5

„ m˜am’a=F˜4^"hOF˜h¤’›˜*F˜d"VF˜Fmp¤V^˜›p˜"44phhp="›F˜›^F˜ 30
4¤Fm›˜›ppd
8 Chamfer side length:˜FmV›^˜pO˜›^F˜4^"hOF

¤›^F˜Fm›aF’:˜aO˜mF4F’’"©9
8 Feed rate F˜|pmd©˜FOOF4›a¦F˜am˜ ˜*dp4c}
5 X
Example NC blocks
40
7 L X+0 Y+30 RL F300 M3
8 L X+40 IY+5
9 CHF 12 F250
10 L IX+5 Y+0

p¤˜4"mmp›˜’›"›˜"˜4pm›p¤˜§a›^˜"˜ ˜*dp4c
˜4^"hOF˜a’˜zp’’a*dF˜pmd©˜am˜›^F˜§pcamV˜zd"mF
^F˜4pmF˜zpam›˜a’˜4¤›˜pOO˜*©˜›^F˜4^"hOF˜"m=˜a’˜mp›˜z"›˜
pO˜›^F˜4pm›p¤
˜OFF=˜"›F˜zpV"hhF=˜am˜›^F˜ ˜*dp4c˜a’˜FOOF4›a¦F˜pmd©˜
am˜›^"›˜*dp4c˜O›F˜›^F˜ ˜*dp4c:˜›^F˜zF¦ap¤’˜OFF=˜"›F˜
*F4phF’˜FOOF4›a¦F˜"V"am

126 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
 6.4 Path Contours—Cartesian Coordinates
Corner Rounding RND
^F˜˜O¤m4›apm˜a’˜¤’F=˜Op˜p¤m=amV˜pOO˜4pmF’
^F˜›ppd˜hp¦F’˜pm˜"m˜"4˜›^"›˜a’˜›"mVFm›a"dd©˜4pmmF4›F=˜›p˜*p›^˜›^F˜ Y
zF4F=amV˜"m=˜’¤*’F„¤Fm›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›’
^F˜p¤m=amV˜"4˜h¤’›˜*F˜d"VF˜Fmp¤V^˜›p˜"44phhp="›F˜›^F˜›ppd
40
8 Rounding radius:˜m›F˜›^F˜"=a¤’˜
¤›^F˜Fm›aF’:˜aO˜mF4F’’"©9˜ R5 25
8 Feed rate F˜|pmd©˜FOOF4›a¦F˜am˜˜*dp4c}

Example NC blocks
5
5 L X+10 Y+40 RL F300 M3
6 L X+40 Y+25 X
10 40
7 RND R5 F100
8 L X+10 Y+5

m˜›^F˜zF4F=amV˜"m=˜’¤*’F„¤Fm›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›’:˜*p›^˜
4pp=am"›F’˜h¤’›˜daF˜am˜›^F˜zd"mF˜pO˜›^F˜p¤m=amV˜"4˜ O˜
©p¤˜h"4^amF˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜§a›^p¤›˜›ppd_"=a¤’˜
4phzFm’"›apm:˜©p¤˜h¤’›˜zpV"h˜*p›^˜4pp=am"›F’˜am˜›^F˜
§pcamV˜zd"mF
^F˜4pmF˜zpam›˜a’˜4¤›˜pOO˜*©˜›^F˜p¤m=amV˜"4˜"m=˜a’˜mp›˜
z"›˜pO˜›^F˜4pm›p¤
˜OFF=˜"›F˜zpV"hhF=˜am˜›^F˜˜*dp4c˜a’˜FOOF4›a¦F˜pmd©˜
am˜›^"›˜*dp4c˜O›F˜›^F˜˜*dp4c:˜›^F˜zF¦ap¤’˜OFF=˜"›F˜
*F4phF’˜FOOF4›a¦F˜"V"am
p¤˜4"m˜"d’p˜¤’F˜"m˜˜*dp4c˜Op˜"˜›"mVFm›a"d˜4pm›p¤˜
"zzp"4^˜aO˜©p¤˜=p˜mp›˜§"m›˜›p˜¤’F˜"m˜˜O¤m4›apm

   ˜˜¢¬ 127

6.4 Path Contours—Cartesian Coordinates

Circle center CC
p¤˜4"m˜=FOamF˜"˜4a4dF˜4Fm›F˜˜Op˜4a4dF’˜›^"›˜"F˜zpV"hhF=˜§a›^˜
›^F˜˜cF©˜|4a4¤d"˜z"›^˜}˜^a’˜a’˜=pmF˜am˜›^F˜Opddp§amV˜§"©’9
„ m›FamV˜›^F˜"›F’a"m˜4pp=am"›F’˜pO˜›^F˜4a4dF˜4Fm›F:˜p
Z
„ ’amV˜›^F˜4a4dF˜4Fm›F˜=FOamF=˜am˜"m˜F"daF˜*dp4c:˜p Y
„ "z›¤amV˜›^F˜4pp=am"›F’˜§a›^˜›^F˜_  _˜
cF© CC
8 Coordinates˜9˜m›F˜›^F˜4a4dF˜4Fm›F˜4pp=am"›F’
:˜aO˜©p¤˜§"m›˜›p˜¤’F˜›^F˜d"’›˜zpV"hhF=˜zp’a›apm:˜ YCC X
=p˜mp›˜Fm›F˜"m©˜4pp=am"›F’

Example NC blocks
5 CC X+25 Y+25 X CC

p

10 L X+25 Y+25
11 CC

^F˜zpV"h˜*dp4c’˜s¬˜"m=˜ss˜=p˜mp›˜FOF˜›p˜›^F˜add¤’›"›apm

Duration of effect
^F˜4a4dF˜4Fm›F˜=FOama›apm˜Fh"am’˜am˜FOOF4›˜¤m›ad˜"˜mF§˜4a4dF˜4Fm›F˜
a’˜zpV"hhF=˜

Entering the circle center CC incrementally

O˜©p¤˜Fm›F˜›^F˜4a4dF˜4Fm›F˜§a›^˜am4FhFm›"d˜4pp=am"›F’:˜©p¤˜^"¦F˜
zpV"hhF=˜a›˜Fd"›a¦F˜›p˜›^F˜d"’›˜zpV"hhF=˜zp’a›apm˜pO˜›^F˜›ppd

^F˜pmd©˜FOOF4›˜pO˜˜a’˜›p˜=FOamF˜"˜zp’a›apm˜"’˜4a4dF˜
4Fm›F9˜^F˜›ppd˜=pF’˜mp›˜hp¦F˜›p˜›^a’˜zp’a›apm
^F˜4a4dF˜4Fm›F˜a’˜"d’p˜›^F˜zpdF˜Op˜zpd"˜4pp=am"›F’

128 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
 6.4 Path Contours—Cartesian Coordinates
Circular path C around circle center CC
FOpF˜zpV"hhamV˜"˜4a4¤d"˜z"›^˜:˜©p¤˜h¤’›˜Oa’›˜Fm›F˜›^F˜4a4dF˜
4Fm›F˜˜^F˜d"’›˜zpV"hhF=˜›ppd˜zp’a›apm˜*FOpF˜›^F˜˜*dp4c˜a’˜
¤’F=˜"’˜›^F˜4a4dF˜’›"›amV˜zpam› Y
8 p¦F˜›^F˜›ppd˜›p˜›^F˜4a4dF˜’›"›amV˜zpam›
8 Coordinates˜pO˜›^F˜4a4dF˜4Fm›F

8 Coordinates˜pO˜›^F˜"4˜Fm=˜zpam›
E S
8 Direction of rotation DR CC
¤›^F˜Fm›aF’:˜aO˜mF4F’’"©9
8 Feed rate F
8 Miscellaneous function M
X
Example NC blocks
5 CC X+25 Y+25
6 L X+45 Y+25 RR F200 M3
7 C X+45 Y+25 DR+ Y

Full circle
p˜›^F˜Fm=˜zpam›:˜Fm›F˜›^F˜’"hF˜zpam›˜›^"›˜©p¤˜¤’F=˜Op˜›^F˜’›"›amV˜ DR+
zpam›
CC
^F˜’›"›amV˜"m=˜Fm=˜zpam›’˜pO˜›^F˜"4˜h¤’›˜daF˜pm˜›^F˜ 25
4a4dF
mz¤›˜›pdF"m4F9˜¤z˜›p˜¬¬s–˜hh˜|’FdF4›F=˜›^p¤V^˜›^F˜ DR–
‰4a4dFF¦a"›apmŠ˜h"4^amF˜z""hF›F}

X
25 45
Circular path CR with defined radius
^F˜›ppd˜hp¦F’˜pm˜"˜4a4¤d"˜z"›^˜§a›^˜›^F˜"=a¤’˜
8 Coordinates˜pO˜›^F˜"4˜Fm=˜zpam›
Y
8 Radius R
p›F9˜^F˜"dVF*"a4˜’aVm˜=F›FhamF’˜›^F˜’a«F˜pO˜›^F˜
"4M
8 Direction of rotation DR
p›F9˜^F˜"dVF*"a4˜’aVm˜=F›FhamF’˜§^F›^F˜›^F˜"4˜ R
a’˜4pm4"¦F˜p˜4pm¦F¨M E1=S2
S1=E2
¤›^F˜Fm›aF’:˜aO˜mF4F’’"©9 CC
8 Miscellaneous function M

8 Feed rate F

Full circle X
p˜"˜O¤dd˜4a4dF:˜zpV"h˜›§p˜˜*dp4c’˜am˜’¤44F’’apm9
^F˜Fm=˜zpam›˜pO˜›^F˜Oa’›˜’Fha4a4dF˜a’˜›^F˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜pO˜›^F˜’F4pm=˜
^F˜Fm=˜zpam›˜pO˜›^F˜’F4pm=˜’Fha4a4dF˜a’˜›^F˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜pO˜›^F˜Oa’›

   ˜˜¢¬ 129

6.4 Path Contours—Cartesian Coordinates

Central angle CCA and arc radius R

^F˜’›"›amV˜"m=˜Fm=˜zpam›’˜pm˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜4"m˜*F˜4pmmF4›F=˜§a›^˜Op¤˜ Y
"4’˜pO˜›^F˜’"hF˜"=a¤’9
h"ddF˜"49˜esG¬@˜ 1
m›F˜›^F˜"=a¤’˜§a›^˜"˜zp’a›a¦F˜’aVm˜Y¬
"VF˜"49˜YsG¬@˜
m›F˜›^F˜"=a¤’˜§a›^˜"˜mFV"›a¦F˜’aVm˜e¬ 40 DR+
ZW
^F˜=aF4›apm˜pO˜p›"›apm˜=F›FhamF’˜§^F›^F˜›^F˜"4˜a’˜4¤¦amV˜ R R
p¤›§"=˜|4pm¦F¨}˜p˜4¤¦amV˜am§"=˜|4pm4"¦F}9 2
pm¦F¨9˜aF4›apm˜pO˜p›"›apm˜J˜|§a›^˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm˜}
pm4"¦F9˜aF4›apm˜pO˜p›"›apm˜‚˜|§a›^˜"=a¤’˜4phzFm’"›apm˜}
X
¨"hzdF˜˜*dp4c’ 40 70

10 L X+40 Y+40 RL F200 M3

11 CR X+70 Y+40 R+20 DR- (ARC 1)

p

11 CR X+70 Y+40 R+20 DR+ (ARC 2)

p

11 CR X+70 Y+40 R-20 DR- (ARC 3)

p

11 CR X+70 Y+40 R-20 DR+ (ARC 4)

^F˜=a’›"m4F˜Oph˜›^F˜’›"›amV˜"m=˜Fm=˜zpam›’˜pO˜›^F˜"4˜
=a"hF›F˜4"mmp›˜*F˜VF"›F˜›^"m˜›^F˜=a"hF›F˜pO˜›^F˜"4

130 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
 6.4 Path Contours—Cartesian Coordinates
Circular Path CT with Tangential Connection
^F˜›ppd˜hp¦F’˜pm˜"m˜"4˜›^"›˜’›"›’˜›"mVFm›a"dd©˜›p˜›^F˜zF¦ap¤’d©˜
zpV"hhF=˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm› Y
˜›"m’a›apm˜*F›§FFm˜›§p˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›’˜a’˜4"ddF=˜›"mVFm›a"d˜§^Fm˜
›^FF˜a’˜mp˜camc˜p˜4pmF˜"›˜›^F˜am›F’F4›apm˜*F›§FFm˜›^F˜›§p˜
4pm›p¤’I›^F˜›"m’a›apm˜a’˜’hpp›^
^F˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜›p˜§^a4^˜›^F˜›"mVFm›a"d˜"4˜4pmmF4›’˜h¤’›˜*F˜
zpV"hhF=˜ahhF=a"›Fd©˜*FOpF˜›^F˜˜*dp4c˜^a’˜F„¤aF’˜"›˜dF"’›˜
30
›§p˜zp’a›apmamV˜*dp4c’ 25
8 Coordinates˜pO˜›^F˜"4˜Fm=˜zpam› 20

¤›^F˜Fm›aF’:˜aO˜mF4F’’"©9
8 Feed rate F
8 Miscellaneous function M
X
25 45
Example NC blocks
7 L X+0 Y+25 RL F300 M3
8 L X+25 Y+30
9 CT X+45 Y+20
10 L Y+0

˜›"mVFm›a"d˜"4˜a’˜"˜›§p_=ahFm’apm"d˜pzF"›apm9˜›^F˜
4pp=am"›F’˜am˜›^F˜˜*dp4c˜"m=˜am˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜
zF4F=amV˜a›˜h¤’›˜*F˜am˜›^F˜’"hF˜zd"mF˜"’˜›^F˜"4

   ˜˜¢¬ 131

6.4 Path Contours—Cartesian Coordinates

Example: Linear movements and chamfers with Cartesian coordinates

Y 10

31
95

10
21

20
1
5
4
20 X
5 95

0 BEGIN PGM LINEAR MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20 FOamF˜*d"mc˜Oph˜Op˜V"z^a4˜§pczaF4F˜’ah¤d"›apm
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+10 FOamF˜›ppd˜am˜›^F˜zpV"h
4 TOOL CALL 1 Z S4000 "dd˜›ppd˜am˜›^F˜’zam=dF˜"¨a’˜"m=˜§a›^˜›^F˜’zam=dF˜’zFF=˜
5 L Z+250 R0 FMAX F›"4›˜›ppd˜am˜›^F˜’zam=dF˜"¨a’˜"›˜"za=˜›"¦F’F˜ 
6 L X-10 Y-10 R0 FMAX F_zp’a›apm˜›^F˜›ppd
7 L Z-5 R0 F1000 M3 p¦F˜›p˜§pcamV˜=Fz›^˜"›˜OFF=˜"›F˜ ˜K˜s¬¬¬˜hh—ham
8 APPR LT X+5 X+5 LEN10 RL F300 zzp"4^˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜"›˜zpam›˜s˜pm˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF˜§a›^˜
›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm
9 L Y+95 p¦F˜›p˜zpam›˜¢
10 L X+95 pam›˜9˜Oa’›˜’›"aV^›˜damF˜Op˜4pmF˜
11 CHF 10 pV"h˜4^"hOF˜§a›^˜dFmV›^˜s¬˜hh
12 L Y+5 pam›˜T9˜¢m=˜’›"aV^›˜damF˜Op˜4pmF˜:˜s’›˜’›"aV^›˜damF˜Op˜4pmF˜T
13 CHF 20 pV"h˜4^"hOF˜§a›^˜dFmV›^˜¢¬˜hh
14 L X+5 p¦F˜›p˜d"’›˜4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜s:˜’F4pm=˜’›"aV^›˜damF˜Op˜4pmF˜T
15 DEP LT LEN10 F1000 Fz"›˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜pm˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm
16 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 F›"4›˜am˜›^F˜›ppd˜"¨a’:˜Fm=˜zpV"h
17 END PGM LINEAR MM

132 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
 6.4 Path Contours—Cartesian Coordinates
Example: Circular movements with Cartesian coordinates

95
41 51

R3
21 85
R10 31

0
40 61

1 71
5

X
5 30 40 70 95

0 BEGIN PGM CIRCULAR MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20 FOamF˜*d"mc˜Oph˜Op˜V"z^a4˜§pczaF4F˜’ah¤d"›apm
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+10 FOamF˜›ppd˜am˜›^F˜zpV"h
4 TOOL CALL 1 Z X4000 "dd˜›ppd˜am˜›^F˜’zam=dF˜"¨a’˜"m=˜§a›^˜›^F˜’zam=dF˜’zFF=˜
5 L Z+250 R0 FMAX F›"4›˜›ppd˜am˜›^F˜’zam=dF˜"¨a’˜"›˜"za=˜›"¦F’F˜ 
6 L X-10 Y-10 R0 FMAX F_zp’a›apm˜›^F˜›ppd
7 L Z-5 R0 F1000 M3 p¦F˜›p˜§pcamV˜=Fz›^˜"›˜OFF=˜"›F˜ ˜K˜s¬¬¬˜hh—ham
8 APPR LCT X+5 Y+5 R5 RL F300 zzp"4^˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜"›˜zpam›˜s˜pm˜"˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^˜
›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm
9 L X+5 Y+85 pam›˜¢9˜Oa’›˜’›"aV^›˜damF˜Op˜4pmF˜¢
10 RND R10 F150 m’F›˜"=a¤’˜§a›^˜˜K˜s¬˜hh:˜OFF=˜"›F9˜sQ¬˜hh—ham
11 L X+30 Y+85 p¦F˜›p˜zpam›˜9˜›"›amV˜zpam›˜pO˜›^F˜"4˜§a›^˜
12 CR X+70 Y+95 R+30 DR- p¦F˜›p˜zpam›˜T9˜m=˜zpam›˜pO˜›^F˜"4˜§a›^˜:˜"=a¤’˜¬˜hh
13 L X+95 p¦F˜›p˜zpam›˜Q
14 L X+95 Y+40 p¦F˜›p˜zpam›˜–
15 CT X+40 Y+5 p¦F˜›p˜zpam›˜•9˜m=˜zpam›˜pO˜›^F˜"4:˜"=a¤’˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d
4pmmF4›apm˜›p˜zpam›˜–:˜˜"¤›ph"›a4"dd©˜4"d4¤d"›F’˜›^F˜"=a¤’

   ˜˜¢¬ 133

6.4 Path Contours—Cartesian Coordinates

16 L X+5 p¦F˜›p˜d"’›˜4pm›p¤˜zpam›˜s
17 DEP LCT X-20 Y-20 R5 F1000 Fz"›˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜pm˜"˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm
18 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 F›"4›˜am˜›^F˜›ppd˜"¨a’:˜Fm=˜zpV"h
19 END PGM CIRCULAR MM

134 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
 6.4 Path Contours—Cartesian Coordinates
Example: Full circle with Cartesian coordinates

CC
50

X
50

0 BEGIN PGM C-CC MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20 FOamF˜›^F˜§pczaF4F˜*d"mc
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+12.5 FOamF˜›^F˜›ppd
4 TOOL CALL 1 Z S3150 ppd˜4"dd
5 CC X+50 Y+50 FOamF˜›^F˜4a4dF˜4Fm›F
6 L Z+250 R0 FMAX F›"4›˜›^F˜›ppd
7 L X-40 Y+50 R0 FMAX F_zp’a›apm˜›^F˜›ppd
8 L Z-5 R0 F1000 M3 p¦F˜›p˜§pcamV˜=Fz›^
9 APPR LCT X+0 Y+50 R5 RL F300 zzp"4^˜›^F˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜pO˜›^F˜4a4dF˜pm˜"˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^
pmmF4›apm
10 C X+0 DR- p¦F˜›p˜›^F˜4a4dF˜Fm=˜zpam›˜|K˜4a4dF˜’›"›amV˜zpam›}
11 DEP LCT X-40 Y+50 R5 F1000 Fz"›˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜pm˜"˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d
pmmF4›apm
12 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 F›"4›˜am˜›^F˜›ppd˜"¨a’:˜Fm=˜zpV"h
13 END PGM C-CC MM

   ˜˜¢¬ 135

 6.5 Path Contours—Polar
6.5 Path Contours—Polar Coordinates

Coordinates
Overview
a›^˜zpd"˜4pp=am"›F’˜©p¤˜4"m˜=FOamF˜"˜zp’a›apm˜am˜›Fh’˜pO˜a›’˜"mVdF˜
˜"m=˜a›’˜=a’›"m4F˜˜Fd"›a¦F˜›p˜"˜zF¦ap¤’d©˜=FOamF=˜zpdF˜˜|’FF˜
‰ ¤m="hFm›"d’:Š˜z"VF˜sT}
pd"˜4pp=am"›F’˜"F˜¤’FO¤d˜§a›^9
„ p’a›apm’˜pm˜4a4¤d"˜"4’
„ pczaF4F˜="§amV˜=ahFm’apm’˜am˜=FVFF’:˜FV˜*pd›˜^pdF˜4a4dF’

Overview of path functions with polar coordinates

Function Path function key Tool movement Required input
amF˜LP + ›"aV^›˜damF pd"˜"=a¤’:˜zpd"˜"mVdF˜pO˜›^F˜
’›"aV^›_damF˜Fm=˜zpam›

a4¤d"˜4˜CP + a4¤d"˜z"›^˜"p¤m=˜4a4dF˜4Fm›F— pd"˜"mVdF˜pO˜›^F˜"4˜Fm=˜zpam›:˜

zpdF˜˜›p˜"4˜Fm=˜zpam› =aF4›apm˜pO˜p›"›apm

a4¤d"˜4˜CTP + a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d˜ pd"˜"=a¤’:˜zpd"˜"mVdF˜pO˜›^F˜"4˜

4pmmF4›apm˜›p˜›^F˜zF4F=amV˜ Fm=˜zpam›
4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›

Fda4"d˜am›Fzpd"›apm + ph*am"›apm˜pO˜"˜4a4¤d"˜"m=˜"˜ pd"˜"=a¤’:˜zpd"˜"mVdF˜pO˜›^F˜"4˜

damF"˜hp¦FhFm› Fm=˜zpam›:˜4pp=am"›F˜pO˜›^F˜Fm=˜
zpam›˜am˜›^F˜›ppd˜"¨a’

Polar coordinate origin: Pole CC

p¤˜4"m˜=FOamF˜›^F˜zpdF˜˜"m©§^FF˜am˜›^F˜z"›˜zpV"h˜*FOpF˜
*dp4c’˜4pm›"amamV˜zpd"˜4pp=am"›F’˜m›F˜›^F˜zpdF˜am˜"›F’a"m˜ Y
4pp=am"›F’˜"’˜"˜4a4dF˜4Fm›F˜am˜"˜˜*dp4c
8 Coordinates˜9˜m›F˜"›F’a"m˜4pp=am"›F’˜Op˜›^F˜
zpdF:˜p
O˜©p¤˜§"m›˜›p˜¤’F˜›^F˜d"’›˜zpV"hhF=˜zp’a›apm:˜=p˜
mp›˜Fm›F˜"m©˜4pp=am"›F’˜FOpF˜zpV"hhamV˜zpd"˜ CC
4pp=am"›F’:˜=FOamF˜›^F˜zpdF˜˜ p¤˜4"m˜pmd©˜=FOamF˜ YCC
›^F˜zpdF˜˜am˜"›F’a"m˜4pp=am"›F’˜^F˜zpdF˜˜
Fh"am’˜am˜FOOF4›˜¤m›ad˜©p¤˜=FOamF˜"˜mF§˜zpdF˜

Example NC blocks
12 CC X+45 Y+25 X
XCC

136 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
 6.5 Path Contours—Polar Coordinates
Straight line LP
^F˜›ppd˜hp¦F’˜am˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF˜Oph˜a›’˜4¤Fm›˜zp’a›apm˜›p˜›^F˜
’›"aV^›_damF˜Fm=˜zpam›˜^F˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜a’˜›^F˜Fm=˜zpam›˜pO˜›^F˜
zF4F=amV˜*dp4c Y
8 Polar coordinates radius PR:˜m›F˜›^F˜=a’›"m4F˜
Oph˜›^F˜zpdF˜˜›p˜›^F˜’›"aV^›_damF˜Fm=˜zpam›

30
8 Polar coordinates angle PA:˜mV¤d"˜zp’a›apm˜pO˜›^F˜ 60°
’›"aV^›_damF˜Fm=˜zpam›˜*F›§FFm˜J–¬@˜"m=˜‚–¬@ 60°

^F˜’aVm˜pO˜˜=FzFm=’˜pm˜›^F˜"mVdF˜FOFFm4F˜"¨a’9 25
CC
„ mVdF˜Oph˜"mVdF˜FOFFm4F˜"¨a’˜›p˜˜a’˜4p¤m›F4dp4c§a’F9˜Y¬
„ mVdF˜Oph˜"mVdF˜FOFFm4F˜"¨a’˜›p˜˜a’˜4dp4c§a’F9˜e¬

Example NC blocks X
45
12 CC X+45 Y+25
13 LP PR+30 PA+0 RR F300 M3
14 LP PA+60
15 LP IPA+60
16 LP PA+180

Circular path CP around pole CC

^F˜zpd"˜4pp=am"›F˜"=a¤’˜˜a’˜"d’p˜›^F˜"=a¤’˜pO˜›^F˜"4˜ ›˜a’˜=FOamF=˜
*©˜›^F˜=a’›"m4F˜Oph˜›^F˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜›p˜›^F˜zpdF˜˜^F˜d"’›˜
zpV"hhF=˜›ppd˜zp’a›apm˜*FOpF˜›^F˜˜*dp4c˜a’˜›^F˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜pO˜ Y
›^F˜"4
8 Polar-coordinates angle PA:˜mV¤d"˜zp’a›apm˜pO˜›^F˜
"4˜Fm=˜zpam›˜*F›§FFm˜JQT¬¬@˜"m=˜‚QT¬¬@
0
8 Direction of rotation DR R2
25
Example NC blocks CC

18 CC X+25 Y+25
19 LP PR+20 PA+0 RR F250 M3
20 CP PA+180 DR+ X
25

p˜am4FhFm›"d˜4pp=am"›F’:˜Fm›F˜›^F˜’"hF˜’aVm˜Op˜˜
"m=˜

   ˜˜¢¬ 137

6.5 Path Contours—Polar Coordinates

Circular Path CTP with Tangential Connection

^F˜›ppd˜hp¦F’˜pm˜"˜4a4¤d"˜z"›^:˜’›"›amV˜›"mVFm›a"dd©˜Oph˜"˜
zF4F=amV˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm› Y
8 Polar coordinates radius PR:˜a’›"m4F˜Oph˜›^F˜"4˜
Fm=˜zpam›˜›p˜›^F˜zpdF˜
120°
8 Polar coordinates angle PA:˜mV¤d"˜zp’a›apm˜pO˜›^F˜
"4˜Fm=˜zpam›

5
0

R2
R3
Example NC blocks 30°
35
CC
12 CC X+40 Y+35
13 L X+0 Y+35 RL F250 M3
14 LP PR+25 PA+120
15 CTP PR+30 PA+30 X
16 L Y+0 40

^F˜zpdF˜˜a’˜not˜›^F˜4Fm›F˜pO˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜"4M

Helical interpolation
˜^Fda¨˜a’˜"˜4ph*am"›apm˜pO˜"˜4a4¤d"˜hp¦FhFm›˜am˜"˜h"am˜zd"mF˜"m=˜"˜
damF"˜hp¦FhFm›˜zFzFm=a4¤d"˜›p˜›^a’˜zd"mF
Z
˜^Fda¨˜a’˜zpV"hhF=˜pmd©˜am˜zpd"˜4pp=am"›F’
Y CC
Application
„ "VF_=a"hF›F˜am›Fm"d˜"m=˜F¨›Fm"d˜›^F"=’
X
„ ¤*a4"›apm˜Vpp¦F’

Calculating the helix

p˜zpV"h˜"˜^Fda¨:˜©p¤˜h¤’›˜Fm›F˜›^F˜›p›"d˜"mVdF˜›^p¤V^˜§^a4^˜›^F˜
›ppd˜a’˜›p˜hp¦F˜pm˜›^F˜^Fda¨˜am˜am4FhFm›"d˜=ahFm’apm’:˜"m=˜›^F˜›p›"d˜
^FaV^›˜pO˜›^F˜^Fda¨
p˜4"d4¤d"›amV˜"˜^Fda¨˜›^"›˜a’˜›p˜*F˜4¤›˜am˜"m˜¤z§"=˜=aF4›apm:˜©p¤˜mFF=˜
›^F˜Opddp§amV˜="›"9
^F"=˜F¦pd¤›apm’˜m ^F"=˜F¦pd¤›apm’˜‚˜›^F"=˜p¦F¤m˜"›˜
›^F"=˜*FVammamV˜"m=˜Fm=
p›"d˜^FaV^›˜^ ^F"=˜za›4^˜˜›ahF’˜›^F"=˜F¦pd¤›apm’˜m
m4FhFm›"d˜›p›"d˜ ¤h*F˜pO˜F¦pd¤›apm’˜›ahF’˜–¬@˜‚˜"mVdF˜Op˜
"mVdF˜  *FVammamV˜pO˜›^F"=˜‚˜"mVdF˜Op˜›^F"=˜
p¦F¤m
›"›amV˜4pp=am"›F˜! a›4^˜˜›ahF’˜|›^F"=˜F¦pd¤›apm’˜‚˜›^F"=˜
p¦F¤m˜"›˜’›"›˜pO˜›^F"=}

138 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
 6.5 Path Contours—Polar Coordinates
Shape of the helix
^F˜›"*dF˜*Fdp§˜add¤’›"›F’˜am˜§^a4^˜§"©˜›^F˜’^"zF˜pO˜›^F˜^Fda¨˜a’˜
=F›FhamF=˜*©˜›^F˜§pc˜=aF4›apm:˜=aF4›apm˜pO˜p›"›apm˜"m=˜"=a¤’˜
4phzFm’"›apm

Work Radius
Internal thread Direction
direction comp.
aV^›_^"m=F= !‚ ‚ 
FO›_^"m=F= !‚ J˜ 

aV^›_^"m=F= !J J˜ 
FO›_^"m=F= !J ‚˜ 

External thread
aV^›_^"m=F= !‚ ‚ 
FO›_^"m=F= !‚ J˜ 

aV^›_^"m=F= !J J˜ 
FO›_^"m=F= !J ‚˜ 

Programming a helix

d§"©’˜Fm›F˜›^F˜’"hF˜"dVF*"a4˜’aVm˜Op˜›^F˜=aF4›apm˜pO˜
p›"›apm˜˜"m=˜›^F˜am4FhFm›"d˜›p›"d˜"mVdF˜ ˜^F˜›ppd˜
h"©˜p›^F§a’F˜hp¦F˜am˜"˜§pmV˜z"›^˜"m=˜="h"VF˜›^F˜ Z
4pm›p¤
Y
p˜›^F˜›p›"d˜"mVdF˜ :˜©p¤˜4"m˜Fm›F˜"˜¦"d¤F˜Oph˜JQT¬¬@˜ CC
R3
›p˜‚QT¬¬@˜ O˜›^F˜›^F"=˜^"’˜hpF˜›^"m˜sQ˜F¦pd¤›apm’:˜

5
270°
zpV"h˜›^F˜^Fda¨˜am˜"˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜FzF"›˜|’FF˜
‰pV"h˜F4›apm˜FzF"›’:Š˜z"VF˜¬¬} 25 X

8 Polar coordinates angle:˜m›F˜›^F˜›p›"d˜"mVdF˜pO˜ 40

›ppd˜›"¦F’F˜"dpmV˜›^F˜^Fda¨˜am˜am4FhFm›"d˜
=ahFm’apm’˜After entering the angle, specify the
tool axis with an axis selection key.
8 Coordinate:˜m›F˜›^F˜4pp=am"›F˜Op˜›^F˜^FaV^›˜pO˜›^F˜
^Fda¨˜am˜am4FhFm›"d˜=ahFm’apm’
8 Direction of rotation DR˜
dp4c§a’F˜^Fda¨9˜J
p¤m›F4dp4c§a’F˜^Fda¨9˜‚
¨"hzdF˜˜*dp4c’9˜^F"=˜–˜¨˜s˜hh˜§a›^˜Q˜F¦pd¤›apm’

12 CC X+40 Y+25
13 L Z+0 F100 M3
14 LP PR+3 PA+270 RL F50
15 CP IPA-1800 IZ+5 DR-

   ˜˜¢¬ 139

6.5 Path Contours—Polar Coordinates

Example: Linear movement with polar coordinates

Y
100
31
21
60°

5
R4
CC
50 1 41

61 51
5

X
5 50 100

0 BEGIN PGM LINEARPO MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20 FOamF˜›^F˜§pczaF4F˜*d"mc
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+7.5 FOamF˜›^F˜›ppd
4 TOOL CALL 1 Z S4000 ppd˜4"dd
5 CC X+50 Y+50 FOamF˜›^F˜="›¤h˜Op˜zpd"˜4pp=am"›F’
6 L Z+250 R0 FMAX F›"4›˜›^F˜›ppd
7 LP PR+60 PA+180 R0 FMAX F_zp’a›apm˜›^F˜›ppd
8 L Z-5 R0 F1000 M3 p¦F˜›p˜§pcamV˜=Fz›^
9 APPR PLCT PR+45 PA+180 R5 RL F250 zzp"4^˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜"›˜zpam›˜s˜pm˜"˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^
›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm
10 LP PA+120 p¦F˜›p˜zpam›˜¢
11 LP PA+60 p¦F˜›p˜zpam›˜
12 LP PA+0 p¦F˜›p˜zpam›˜T
13 LP PA-60 p¦F˜›p˜zpam›˜Q
14 LP PA-120 p¦F˜›p˜zpam›˜–
15 LP PA+180 p¦F˜›p˜zpam›˜s
16 DEP PLCT PR+60 PA+180 R5 F1000 Fz"›˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜pm˜"˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm
17 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 F›"4›˜am˜›^F˜›ppd˜"¨a’:˜Fm=˜zpV"h
18 END PGM LINEARPO MM

140 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
 6.5 Path Contours—Polar Coordinates
Example: Helix

Y
100

M64 x 1,5
CC
50

X
50 100

0 BEGIN PGM HELIX MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20 FOamF˜›^F˜§pczaF4F˜*d"mc
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+5 FOamF˜›^F˜›ppd
4 TOOL CALL 1 Z S1400 ppd˜4"dd
5 L Z+250 R0 FMAX F›"4›˜›^F˜›ppd
6 L X+50 Y+50 R0 FMAX F_zp’a›apm˜›^F˜›ppd
7 CC "m’OF˜›^F˜d"’›˜zpV"hhF=˜zp’a›apm˜"’˜›^F˜zpdF
8 L Z-12.75 R0 F1000 M3 p¦F˜›p˜§pcamV˜=Fz›^
9 APPR PCT PR+32 PA-182 CCA180 R+2 RL F100 zzp"4^˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜pm˜"˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm
10 CP IPA+3240 IZ+13.5 DR+ F200 Fda4"d˜am›Fzpd"›apm
11 DEP CT CCA180 R+2 Fz"›˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜pm˜"˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm
12 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 F›"4›˜am˜›^F˜›ppd˜"¨a’:˜Fm=˜zpV"h
13 END PGM HELIX MM

p˜4¤›˜"˜›^F"=˜§a›^˜hpF˜›^"m˜s–˜F¦pd¤›apm’

...
8 L Z-12.75 R0 F1000
9 APPR PCT PR+32 PA-180 CCA180 R+2 RL F100
10 LBL 1 =Fm›aO©˜*FVammamV˜pO˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜FzF"›
11 CP IPA+360 IZ+1.5 DR+ F200 m›F˜›^F˜›^F"=˜za›4^˜"’˜"m˜am4FhFm›"d˜ !˜=ahFm’apm

   ˜˜¢¬ 141

6.5 Path Contours—Polar Coordinates

12 CALL LBL 1 REP 24 pV"h˜›^F˜m¤h*F˜pO˜FzF"›’˜|›^F"=˜F¦pd¤›apm’}

13 DEP CT CCA180 R+2
...

142 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
6.6 Path Contours—FK Free

6.6 Path Contours—FK Free Contour Programming

Contour Programming
Fundamentals
pczaF4F˜="§amV’˜›^"›˜"F˜mp›˜=ahFm’apmF=˜Op˜˜pO›Fm˜4pm›"am˜
¤m4pm¦Fm›apm"d˜4pp=am"›F˜="›"˜›^"›˜4"mmp›˜*F˜Fm›FF=˜§a›^˜›^F˜V"©˜
z"›^˜O¤m4›apm˜cF©’˜ p¤˜h"©:˜Op˜F¨"hzdF:˜^"¦F˜pmd©˜›^F˜Opddp§amV˜="›"˜
pm˜"˜’zF4aOa4˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›9
„ mp§m˜4pp=am"›F’˜pm˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜p˜am˜a›’˜zp¨aha›©
„ pp=am"›F˜="›"˜›^"›˜"F˜FOFFm4F=˜›p˜"mp›^F˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜
„ aF4›apm"d˜="›"˜"m=˜="›"˜FV"=amV˜›^F˜4p¤’F˜pO˜›^F˜4pm›p¤
p¤˜4"m˜Fm›F˜’¤4^˜=ahFm’apm"d˜="›"˜=aF4›d©˜*©˜¤’amV˜›^F˜ ˜OFF˜
4pm›p¤˜zpV"hhamV˜O¤m4›apm˜^F˜˜=Fa¦F’˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜Oph˜›^F˜
cmp§m˜4pp=am"›F˜="›"˜"m=˜’¤zzp›’˜›^F˜zpV"hhamV˜=a"dpV˜§a›^˜›^F˜
am›F"4›a¦F˜zpV"hhamV˜V"z^a4’˜^F˜OaV¤F˜›p˜›^F˜¤zzF˜aV^›˜’^p§’˜
"˜§pczaF4F˜="§amV˜Op˜§^a4^˜ ˜zpV"hhamV˜a’˜›^F˜hp’›˜
4pm¦FmaFm›˜zpV"hhamV˜hF›^p=

The following prerequisites for FK programming must

be observed:
^F˜ ˜OFF˜4pm›p¤˜zpV"hhamV˜OF"›¤F˜4"m˜pmd©˜*F˜
¤’F=˜Op˜zpV"hhamV˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›’˜›^"›˜daF˜am˜›^F˜
§pcamV˜zd"mF˜^F˜§pcamV˜zd"mF˜a’˜=FOamF=˜am˜›^F˜Oa’›˜
˜ ˜*dp4c˜pO˜›^F˜z"›˜zpV"h
p¤˜h¤’›˜Fm›F˜"dd˜"¦"ad"*dF˜="›"˜Op˜F¦F©˜4pm›p¤˜
FdFhFm›˜¦Fm˜›^F˜="›"˜›^"›˜=pF’˜mp›˜4^"mVF˜h¤’›˜*F˜
Fm›FF=˜am˜F¦F©˜*dp4cIp›^F§a’F˜a›˜§add˜mp›˜*F˜
F4pVma«F=
˜z""hF›F’˜"F˜zFha’’a*dF˜am˜"dd˜ ˜FdFhFm›’:˜F¨4Fz›˜am˜
FdFhFm›’˜§a›^˜Fd"›a¦F˜FOFFm4F’˜|FV˜˜p˜}:˜p˜am˜
FdFhFm›’˜›^"›˜"F˜FOFFm4F=˜›p˜p›^F˜˜*dp4c’
O˜*p›^˜ ˜*dp4c’˜"m=˜4pm¦Fm›apm"d˜*dp4c’˜"F˜Fm›FF=˜am˜"˜
zpV"h:˜›^F˜ ˜4pm›p¤˜h¤’›˜*F˜O¤dd©˜=FOamF=˜*FOpF˜©p¤˜
4"m˜F›¤m˜›p˜4pm¦Fm›apm"d˜zpV"hhamV
^F˜˜mFF=’˜"˜Oa¨F=˜zpam›˜Oph˜§^a4^˜a›˜4"m˜4"d4¤d"›F˜
›^F˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›’˜’F˜›^F˜V"©˜z"›^˜O¤m4›apm˜cF©’˜›p˜
zpV"h˜"˜zp’a›apm˜›^"›˜4pm›"am’˜*p›^˜4pp=am"›F’˜pO˜›^F˜
§pcamV˜zd"mF˜ahhF=a"›Fd©˜*FOpF˜zpV"hhamV˜›^F˜ ˜
4pm›p¤˜p˜mp›˜Fm›F˜"m©˜˜z""hF›F’˜am˜›^a’˜*dp4c
O˜›^F˜Oa’›˜*dp4c˜pO˜"m˜ ˜4pm›p¤˜a’˜"m˜ ˜p˜ ˜*dp4c:˜
©p¤˜h¤’›˜zpV"h˜"›˜dF"’›˜›§p˜˜*dp4c’˜§a›^˜›^F˜V"©˜
z"›^˜O¤m4›apm˜cF©’˜›p˜O¤dd©˜=FOamF˜›^F˜=aF4›apm˜pO˜4pm›p¤˜
"zzp"4^
p˜mp›˜zpV"h˜"m˜ ˜4pm›p¤˜ahhF=a"›Fd©˜"O›F˜"m˜˜
d"*Fd

   ˜˜¢¬ 143

6.6 Path Contours—FK Free Contour Programming

Create FK programs for TNC 4xx:

p˜"˜˜T¨¨˜›p˜*F˜"*dF˜›p˜F"=_am˜ ˜zpV"h’˜4F"›F=˜
pm˜"m˜˜¢¬:˜›^F˜am=a¦a=¤"d˜ ˜FdFhFm›’˜§a›^am˜"˜*dp4c˜
h¤’›˜*F˜am˜›^F˜’"hF˜’F„¤Fm4F˜"’˜=a’zd"©F=˜am˜›^F˜’pO›_cF©˜
p§

Graphics during FK programming

O˜©p¤˜§a’^˜›p˜¤’F˜V"z^a4˜’¤zzp›˜=¤amV˜ ˜
zpV"hhamV:˜’FdF4›˜›^F˜ ˜‚˜  ˜’4FFm˜
d"©p¤›˜|’FF˜‰pV"hhamV˜"m=˜F=a›amVŠ˜pm˜z"VF˜s}

m4phzdF›F˜4pp=am"›F˜="›"˜pO›Fm˜"F˜mp›˜’¤OOa4aFm›˜›p˜O¤dd©˜=FOamF˜"˜
§pczaF4F˜4pm›p¤˜ m˜›^a’˜4"’F:˜›^F˜˜am=a4"›F’˜›^F˜zp’’a*dF˜
’pd¤›apm’˜am˜›^F˜ ˜V"z^a4˜ p¤˜4"m˜›^Fm˜’FdF4›˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜›^"›˜
h"›4^F’˜›^F˜="§amV˜^F˜ ˜V"z^a4˜=a’zd"©’˜›^F˜FdFhFm›’˜pO˜›^F˜
§pczaF4F˜4pm›p¤˜am˜=aOOFFm›˜4pdp’9
White ^F˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜a’˜O¤dd©˜=FOamF=
Green ^F˜Fm›FF=˜="›"˜=F’4a*F˜"˜daha›F=˜m¤h*F˜pO˜zp’’a*dF˜
’pd¤›apm’9˜’FdF4›˜›^F˜4pF4›˜pmF
Red ^F˜Fm›FF=˜="›"˜"F˜mp›˜’¤OOa4aFm›˜›p˜=F›FhamF˜›^F˜
4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›9˜Fm›F˜O¤›^F˜="›"

O˜›^F˜Fm›FF=˜="›"˜zFha›˜"˜daha›F=˜m¤h*F˜pO˜zp’’a*dF˜’pd¤›apm’˜"m=˜
›^F˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜a’˜=a’zd"©F=˜am˜VFFm:˜’FdF4›˜›^F˜4pF4›˜4pm›p¤˜
FdFhFm›˜"’˜Opddp§’9
8 F’’˜›^F˜ ˜ ˜’pO›˜cF©˜FzF"›F=d©˜¤m›ad˜
›^F˜4pF4›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜a’˜=a’zd"©F=˜’F˜›^F˜
«pph˜O¤m4›apm˜|¢m=˜’pO›_cF©˜p§}˜aO˜©p¤˜4"mmp›˜
=a’›amV¤a’^˜zp’’a*dF˜’pd¤›apm’˜am˜›^F˜’›"m="=˜’F››amV˜
8 O˜›^F˜=a’zd"©F=˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜h"›4^F’˜›^F˜
="§amV:˜’FdF4›˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜§a›^˜˜
 
O˜©p¤˜=p˜mp›˜©F›˜§a’^˜›p˜’FdF4›˜"˜VFFm˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›:˜zF’’˜›^F˜
 ˜’pO›˜cF©˜›p˜4pm›am¤F˜›^F˜ ˜=a"dpV

FdF4›˜›^F˜VFFm˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›’˜"’˜’ppm˜"’˜zp’’a*dF˜
§a›^˜›^F˜˜ ˜’pO›˜cF©˜^a’˜§"©˜©p¤˜4"m˜
F=¤4F˜›^F˜"h*aV¤a›©˜pO˜’¤*’F„¤Fm›˜FdFhFm›’
^F˜h"4^amF˜›ppd˜*¤ad=F˜h"©˜¤’F˜p›^F˜4pdp’˜Op˜›^F˜ ˜
V"z^a4’
˜*dp4c’˜Oph˜"˜zpV"h˜›^"›˜©p¤˜4"ddF=˜§a›^˜ ˜˜
"F˜=a’zd"©F=˜am˜"mp›^F˜4pdp

Show block number in graphic window

p˜’^p§˜"˜*dp4c˜m¤h*F˜am˜›^F˜V"z^a4˜§am=p§9˜
8 F›˜›^F˜ ˜ ˜˜˜’pO›˜cF©˜›p˜ ˜

144 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
 6.6 Path Contours—FK Free Contour Programming
Initiating the FK dialog
O˜©p¤˜zF’’˜›^F˜V"©˜ ˜*¤››pm:˜›^F˜˜=a’zd"©’˜›^F˜’pO›˜cF©’˜©p¤˜4"m˜
¤’F˜›p˜ama›a"›F˜"m˜ ˜=a"dpV9˜FF˜›^F˜Opddp§amV˜›"*dF˜F’’˜›^F˜ ˜
*¤››pm˜"˜’F4pm=˜›ahF˜›p˜=F’FdF4›˜›^F˜’pO›˜cF©’
O˜©p¤˜ama›a"›F˜›^F˜ ˜=a"dpV˜§a›^˜pmF˜pO˜›^F’F˜’pO›˜cF©’:˜›^F˜˜’^p§’˜
"==a›apm"d˜’pO›_cF©˜p§’˜›^"›˜©p¤˜4"m˜¤’F˜Op˜Fm›FamV˜cmp§m˜
4pp=am"›F’:˜=aF4›apm"d˜="›"˜"m=˜="›"˜FV"=amV˜›^F˜4p¤’F˜pO˜›^F˜
4pm›p¤

Contour element Soft key

›"aV^›˜damF˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm

›"aV^›˜damF˜§a›^p¤›˜›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm

a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm

a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^p¤›˜›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm

pdF˜Op˜ ˜zpV"hhamV

   ˜˜¢¬ 145

6.6 Path Contours—FK Free Contour Programming

Free programming of straight lines

Straight line without tangential connection
8 p˜=a’zd"©˜›^F˜’pO›˜cF©’˜Op˜OFF˜4pm›p¤˜zpV"hhamV:˜
zF’’˜›^F˜ ˜cF©
8 p˜ama›a"›F˜›^F˜=a"dpV˜Op˜OFF˜zpV"hhamV˜pO˜’›"aV^›˜
damF’:˜zF’’˜›^F˜ ˜’pO›˜cF©˜^F˜˜=a’zd"©’˜
"==a›apm"d˜’pO›˜cF©’
8 m›F˜"dd˜cmp§m˜="›"˜am˜›^F˜*dp4c˜*©˜¤’amV˜›^F’F˜’pO›˜
cF©’˜^F˜ ˜V"z^a4˜=a’zd"©’˜›^F˜zpV"hhF=˜
4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜am˜F=˜¤m›ad˜’¤OOa4aFm›˜="›"˜a’˜Fm›FF=˜
O˜›^F˜Fm›FF=˜="›"˜=F’4a*F’˜’F¦F"d˜’pd¤›apm’:˜›^F˜
V"z^a4˜§add˜=a’zd"©˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜am˜VFFm˜|’FF˜
‰ "z^a4’˜=¤amV˜ ˜zpV"hhamV:Š˜z"VF˜sTT}

Straight line with tangential connection

O˜›^F˜’›"aV^›˜damF˜4pmmF4›’˜›"mVFm›a"dd©˜›p˜"mp›^F˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›:˜
ama›a"›F˜›^F˜=a"dpV˜§a›^˜›^F˜ ˜’pO›˜cF©9
8 p˜=a’zd"©˜›^F˜’pO›˜cF©’˜Op˜OFF˜4pm›p¤˜zpV"hhamV:˜
zF’’˜›^F˜ ˜cF©
8 p˜ama›a"›F˜›^F˜=a"dpV:˜zF’’˜›^F˜ ˜’pO›˜cF©
8 m›F˜"dd˜cmp§m˜="›"˜am˜›^F˜*dp4c˜*©˜¤’amV˜›^F˜’pO›˜
cF©’

Free programming of circular arcs

Circular arc without tangential connection
8 p˜=a’zd"©˜›^F˜’pO›˜cF©’˜Op˜OFF˜4pm›p¤˜zpV"hhamV:˜
zF’’˜›^F˜ ˜cF©
8 p˜ama›a"›F˜›^F˜=a"dpV˜Op˜OFF˜zpV"hhamV˜pO˜4a4¤d"˜
"4’:˜zF’’˜›^F˜ ˜’pO›˜cF©˜^F˜˜=a’zd"©’˜’pO›˜
cF©’˜§a›^˜§^a4^˜©p¤˜4"m˜Fm›F˜=aF4›˜="›"˜pm˜›^F˜
4a4¤d"˜"4˜p˜="›"˜pm˜›^F˜4a4dF˜4Fm›F
8 m›F˜"dd˜cmp§m˜="›"˜am˜›^F˜*dp4c˜*©˜¤’amV˜›^F’F˜’pO›˜
cF©’˜^F˜ ˜V"z^a4˜=a’zd"©’˜›^F˜zpV"hhF=˜
4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜am˜F=˜¤m›ad˜’¤OOa4aFm›˜="›"˜a’˜Fm›FF=˜
O˜›^F˜Fm›FF=˜="›"˜=F’4a*F’˜’F¦F"d˜’pd¤›apm’:˜›^F˜
V"z^a4˜§add˜=a’zd"©˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜am˜VFFm˜|’FF˜
‰ "z^a4’˜=¤amV˜ ˜zpV"hhamV:Š˜z"VF˜sTT}

Circular arc with tangential connection

O˜›^F˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜4pmmF4›’˜›"mVFm›a"dd©˜›p˜"mp›^F˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›:˜
ama›a"›F˜›^F˜=a"dpV˜§a›^˜›^F˜ ˜’pO›˜cF©9
8 p˜=a’zd"©˜›^F˜’pO›˜cF©’˜Op˜OFF˜4pm›p¤˜zpV"hhamV:˜
zF’’˜›^F˜ ˜cF©
8 p˜ama›a"›F˜›^F˜=a"dpV:˜zF’’˜›^F˜ ˜’pO›˜cF©
8 m›F˜"dd˜cmp§m˜="›"˜am˜›^F˜*dp4c˜*©˜¤’amV˜›^F˜’pO›˜
cF©’

146 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
 6.6 Path Contours—FK Free Contour Programming
Input possibilities
End point coordinates
Y
Known data Soft keys
"›F’a"m˜4pp=am"›F’˜˜"m=˜
R15
30
30°
pd"˜4pp=am"›F’˜FOFFm4F=˜›p˜ 
20

Example NC blocks
7 FPOL X+20 Y+30
8 FL IX+10 Y+20 RR F100
9 FCT PR+15 IPA+30 DR+ R15 10 X
20
Direction and length of contour elements

Known data Soft keys

FmV›^˜pO˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF Y

"=aFm›˜"mVdF˜pO˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF

AN
^p=˜dFmV›^˜˜pO˜›^F˜"4 LEN

"=aFm›˜"mVdF˜˜pO˜›^F˜Fm›©˜›"mVFm›

Fm›F˜"mVdF˜pO˜›^F˜"4
X

Example NC blocks
27 FLT X+25 LEN 12.5 AN+35 RL F200
28 FC DR+ R6 LEN 10 A-45
29 FCT DR- R15 LEN 15

   ˜˜¢¬ 147

6.6 Path Contours—FK Free Contour Programming

Circle center CC, radius and direction of rotation in the FC/FCT

block
^F˜˜4"d4¤d"›F’˜"˜4a4dF˜4Fm›F˜Op˜OFF_zpV"hhF=˜"4’˜Oph˜›^F˜
="›"˜©p¤˜Fm›F˜^a’˜h"cF’˜a›˜zp’’a*dF˜›p˜zpV"h˜O¤dd˜4a4dF’˜am˜"m˜ ˜
zpV"h˜*dp4c
O˜©p¤˜§a’^˜›p˜=FOamF˜›^F˜4a4dF˜4Fm›F˜am˜zpd"˜4pp=am"›F’˜©p¤˜h¤’›˜
¤’F˜ :˜mp›˜:˜›p˜=FOamF˜›^F˜zpdF˜ ˜a’˜Fm›FF=˜am˜"›F’a"m˜
4pp=am"›F’˜"m=˜Fh"am’˜am˜FOOF4›˜¤m›ad˜›^F˜˜Fm4p¤m›F’˜"˜*dp4c˜am˜
§^a4^˜"mp›^F˜ ˜a’˜=FOamF=

˜4a4dF˜4Fm›F˜›^"›˜§"’˜4"d4¤d"›F=˜p˜zpV"hhF=˜
4pm¦Fm›apm"dd©˜a’˜›^Fm˜mp˜dpmVF˜¦"da=˜"’˜"˜zpdF˜p˜4a4dF˜
4Fm›F˜Op˜›^F˜mF§˜ ˜4pm›p¤9˜ O˜©p¤˜Fm›F˜4pm¦Fm›apm"d˜
zpd"˜4pp=am"›F’˜›^"›˜FOF˜›p˜"˜zpdF˜Oph˜"˜˜*dp4c˜©p¤˜
^"¦F˜=FOamF=˜zF¦ap¤’d©:˜›^Fm˜©p¤˜h¤’›˜Fm›F˜›^F˜zpdF˜
"V"am˜am˜"˜˜*dp4c˜"O›F˜›^F˜ ˜4pm›p¤

Known data Soft keys

a4dF˜4Fm›F˜am˜"›F’a"m˜4pp=am"›F’

a4dF˜4Fm›F˜am˜zpd"˜4pp=am"›F’

p›"›apm"d˜=aF4›apm˜pO˜›^F˜"4

"=a¤’˜pO˜›^F˜"4

¨"hzdF˜˜*dp4c’

10 FC CCX+20 CCY+15 DR+ R15

11 FPOL X+20 Y+15
12 FL AN+40
13 FC DR+ R15 CCPR+35 CCPA+40

148 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
 6.6 Path Contours—FK Free Contour Programming
Closed contours
p¤˜4"m˜a=Fm›aO©˜›^F˜*FVammamV˜"m=˜Fm=˜pO˜"˜4dp’F=˜4pm›p¤˜§a›^˜›^F˜
˜’pO›˜cF©˜^a’˜F=¤4F’˜›^F˜m¤h*F˜pO˜zp’’a*dF˜’pd¤›apm’˜Op˜›^F˜
d"’›˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›
Y
m›F˜˜"’˜"m˜"==a›apm˜›p˜"mp›^F˜4pm›p¤˜="›"˜Fm›©˜am˜›^F˜Oa’›˜"m=˜
d"’›˜*dp4c’˜pO˜"m˜ ˜’F4›apm

FVammamV˜pO˜4pm›p¤9 ‚ CLSD+

m=˜pO˜4pm›p¤9 J
¨"hzdF˜˜*dp4c’

12 L X+5 Y+35 RL F500 M3

13 FC DR- R15 CLSD+ CCX+20 CCY+35 CLSD–
... X
17 FCT DR- R+15 CLSD-

   ˜˜¢¬ 149

6.6 Path Contours—FK Free Contour Programming

Auxiliary points
p¤˜4"m˜Fm›F˜›^F˜4pp=am"›F’˜pO˜"¤¨ada"©˜zpam›’˜›^"›˜"F˜dp4"›F=˜pm˜
›^F˜4pm›p¤˜p˜am˜a›’˜zp¨aha›©˜Op˜*p›^˜OFF_zpV"hhF=˜’›"aV^›˜damF’˜
"m=˜OFF_zpV"hhF=˜4a4¤d"˜"4’

Auxiliary points on a contour

^F˜"¤¨ada"©˜zpam›’˜"F˜dp4"›F=˜pm˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF˜p˜pm˜›^F˜F¨›Fm’apm˜
pO˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF:˜p˜pm˜"˜4a4¤d"˜"4
Y
Known data Soft keys
60.071
˜4pp=am"›F˜pO˜"m˜"¤¨ada"©˜ R10
53
zpam›
s˜p˜¢˜pO˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF
70°
˜4pp=am"›F˜pO˜"m˜"¤¨ada"©˜
zpam›
s˜p˜¢˜pO˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF

˜4pp=am"›F˜pO˜"m˜"¤¨ada"©˜
zpam›
s:˜¢˜p˜˜pO˜"˜4a4¤d"˜"4
X
50
42.929
˜4pp=am"›F˜pO˜"m˜"¤¨ada"©˜
zpam›
s:˜¢˜p˜˜pO˜"˜4a4¤d"˜"4

Auxiliary points near a contour

Known data Soft keys

˜"m=˜ ˜4pp=am"›F’˜pO˜"m˜"¤¨ada"©˜zpam›˜mF"˜
"˜’›"aV^›˜damF

a’›"m4F˜"¤¨ada"©˜zpam›—’›"aV^›˜damF

˜"m=˜ ˜4pp=am"›F’˜pO˜"m˜"¤¨ada"©˜zpam›˜mF"˜
"˜4a4¤d"˜"4

a’›"m4F˜"¤¨ada"©˜zpam›—4a4¤d"˜"4

¨"hzdF˜˜*dp4c’

13 FC DR- R10 P1X+42.929 P1Y+60.071

14 FLT AN-70 PDX+50 PDY+53 D10

150 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
 6.6 Path Contours—FK Free Contour Programming
Relative data
"›"˜§^p’F˜¦"d¤F’˜"F˜*"’F=˜pm˜"mp›^F˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜"F˜4"ddF=˜
Fd"›a¦F˜="›"˜^F˜’pO›˜cF©’˜"m=˜zpV"h˜§p=’˜Op˜Fm›aF’˜*FVam˜§a›^˜
›^F˜dF››F˜“R”˜Op˜RFd"›a¦F˜^F˜OaV¤F˜"›˜aV^›˜’^p§’˜›^F˜Fm›aF’˜›^"›˜ Y
’^p¤d=˜*F˜zpV"hhF=˜"’˜Fd"›a¦F˜="›"
20
^F˜4pp=am"›F’˜"m=˜"mVdF’˜Op˜Fd"›a¦F˜="›"˜"F˜"d§"©’˜
zpV"hhF=˜am˜am4FhFm›"d˜=ahFm’apm’˜ p¤˜h¤’›˜"d’p˜
Fm›F˜›^F˜*dp4c˜m¤h*F˜pO˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜pm˜§^a4^˜ 20 45°
›^F˜="›"˜"F˜*"’F= 90°

R20
20°
^F˜*dp4c˜m¤h*F˜pO˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›˜pm˜§^a4^˜›^F˜ 10
Fd"›a¦F˜="›"˜"F˜*"’F=˜4"m˜pmd©˜*F˜dp4"›F=˜¤z˜›p˜–T˜ FPOL
zp’a›apmamV˜*dp4c’˜*FOpF˜›^F˜*dp4c˜am˜§^a4^˜©p¤˜zpV"h˜
›^F˜FOFFm4F 35 X
10
O˜©p¤˜=FdF›F˜"˜*dp4c˜pm˜§^a4^˜Fd"›a¦F˜="›"˜"F˜*"’F=:˜›^F˜
˜§add˜=a’zd"©˜"m˜Fp˜hF’’"VF˜^"mVF˜›^F˜zpV"h˜
Oa’›˜*FOpF˜©p¤˜=FdF›F˜›^F˜*dp4c

Data relative to block N: End point coordinates

Known data Soft keys

"›F’a"m˜pp=am"›F’˜
Fd"›a¦F˜›p˜*dp4c˜

pd"˜4pp=am"›F’˜Fd"›a¦F˜›p˜*dp4c˜

¨"hzdF˜˜*dp4c’

12 FPOL X+10 Y+10

13 FL PR+20 PA+20
14 FL AN+45
15 FCT IX+20 DR- R20 CCA+90 RX 13
16 FL IPR+35 PA+0 RPR 13

   ˜˜¢¬ 151

6.6 Path Contours—FK Free Contour Programming

Data relative to block N: Direction and distance of the contour

element

Known data Soft key

mVdF˜*F›§FFm˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF˜"m=˜"mp›^F˜FdFhFm›˜ Y
p˜*F›§FFm˜›^F˜Fm›©˜›"mVFm›˜pO˜›^F˜"4˜"m=˜"mp›^F˜
FdFhFm›

›"aV^›˜damF˜z""ddFd˜›p˜"mp›^F˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›
220°

20
a’›"m4F˜Oph˜"˜’›"aV^›˜damF˜›p˜"˜z""ddFd˜4pm›p¤˜ 95°
FdFhFm›

12.5
15°
¨"hzdF˜˜*dp4c’ 105°
12.5 X
17 FL LEN 20 AN+15
18 FL AN+105 LEN 12.5 20

19 FL PAR 17 DP 12.5
20 FSELECT 2
21 FL LEN 20 IAN+95
22 FL IAN+220 RAN 18

Data relative to block N: Circle center CC

Known data Soft key

"›F’a"m˜4pp=am"›F’˜pO˜›^F˜4a4dF˜ Y
4Fm›F˜Fd"›a¦F˜›p˜*dp4c˜
20
pd"˜4pp=am"›F’˜pO˜›^F˜4a4dF˜4Fm›F˜ 35
Fd"›a¦F˜›p˜*dp4c˜

15
R10
¨"hzdF˜˜*dp4c’
CC
12 FL X+10 Y+10 RL
10
13 FL ...
14 FL X+18 Y+35
15 FL ... X
10 18
16 FL ...
17 FC DR- R10 CCA+0 ICCX+20 ICCY-15 RCCX12 RCCY14

152 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
 6.6 Path Contours—FK Free Contour Programming
Example: FK programming 1

Y
100

R1
5
75

R18
30
R15
20

X
20 50 75 100

0 BEGIN PGM FK1 MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20 FOamF˜›^F˜§pczaF4F˜*d"mc
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+10 FOamF˜›^F˜›ppd
4 TOOL CALL 1 Z S500 ppd˜4"dd
5 L Z+250 R0 FMAX F›"4›˜›^F˜›ppd
6 L X-20 Y+30 R0 FMAX F_zp’a›apm˜›^F˜›ppd
7 L Z-10 R0 F1000 M3 p¦F˜›p˜§pcamV˜=Fz›^
8 APPR CT X+2 Y+30 CCA90 R+5 RL F250 zzp"4^˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜pm˜"˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm
9 FC DR- R18 CLSD+ CCX+20 CCY+30 ˜4pm›p¤˜’F4›apm9˜
10 FLT pV"h˜"dd˜cmp§m˜="›"˜Op˜F"4^˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›
11 FCT DR- R15 CCX+50 CCY+75
12 FLT
13 FCT DR- R15 CCX+75 CCY+20
14 FLT
15 FCT DR- R18 CLSD- CCX+20 CCY+30
16 DEP CT CCA90 R+5 F1000 Fz"›˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜pm˜"˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm
17 L X-30 Y+0 R0 FMAX
18 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 F›"4›˜am˜›^F˜›ppd˜"¨a’:˜Fm=˜zpV"h
19 END PGM FK1 MM

   ˜˜¢¬ 153

6.6 Path Contours—FK Free Contour Programming

Example: FK programming 2

10
Y 10

R20

55
R30 60°
30

X
30

0 BEGIN PGM FK2 MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20 FOamF˜›^F˜§pczaF4F˜*d"mc
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+2 FOamF˜›^F˜›ppd
4 TOOL CALL 1 Z S4000 ppd˜4"dd
5 L Z+250 R0 FMAX F›"4›˜›^F˜›ppd
6 L X+30 Y+30 R0 FMAX F_zp’a›apm˜›^F˜›ppd
7 L Z+5 R0 FMAX M3 F_zp’a›apm˜›^F˜›ppd˜am˜›^F˜›ppd˜"¨a’
8 L Z-5 R0 F100 p¦F˜›p˜§pcamV˜=Fz›^

154 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
 6.6 Path Contours—FK Free Contour Programming
9 APPR LCT X+0 Y+30 R5 RR F350 zzp"4^˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜pm˜"˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm
10 FPOL X+30 Y+30 ˜4pm›p¤˜’F4›apm9˜
11 FC DR- R30 CCX+30 CCY+30 pV"h˜"dd˜cmp§m˜="›"˜Op˜F"4^˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›
12 FL AN+60 PDX+30 PDY+30 D10
13 FSELECT 3
14 FC DR- R20 CCPR+55 CCPA+60
15 FSELECT 2
16 FL AN-120 PDX+30 PDY+30 D10
17 FSELECT 3
18 FC X+0 DR- R30 CCX+30 CCY+30
19 FSELECT 2
20 DEP LCT X+30 Y+30 R5 Fz"›˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜pm˜"˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm
21 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 F›"4›˜am˜›^F˜›ppd˜"¨a’:˜Fm=˜zpV"h
22 END PGM FK2 MM

   ˜˜¢¬ 155

6.6 Path Contours—FK Free Contour Programming

Example: FK programming 3

Y
R1
0
50

R36
R24
R1,5

R5

30
R
R6 6 R5 X
-10

0
R4

R6
-25

R5
0
12 44 65 110

0 BEGIN PGM FK3 MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X-45 Y-45 Z-20 FOamF˜›^F˜§pczaF4F˜*d"mc
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+120 Y+70 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+3 FOamF˜›^F˜›ppd
4 TOOL CALL 1 Z S4500 ppd˜4"dd
5 L Z+250 R0 FMAX F›"4›˜›^F˜›ppd
6 L X-70 Y+0 R0 FMAX F_zp’a›apm˜›^F˜›ppd
7 L Z-5 R0 F1000 M3 p¦F˜›p˜§pcamV˜=Fz›^

156 –˜pV"hhamV9˜pV"hhamV˜pm›p¤’
 6.6 Path Contours—FK Free Contour Programming
8 APPR CT X-40 Y+0 CCA90 R+5 RL F250 zzp"4^˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜pm˜"˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm
9 FC DR- R40 CCX+0 CCY+0 ˜4pm›p¤˜’F4›apm9˜
10 FLT pV"h˜"dd˜cmp§m˜="›"˜Op˜F"4^˜4pm›p¤˜FdFhFm›
11 FCT DR- R10 CCX+0 CCY+50
12 FLT
13 FCT DR+ R6 CCX+0 CCY+0
14 FCT DR+ R24
15 FCT DR+ R6 CCX+12 CCY+0
16 FSELECT 2
17 FCT DR- R1.5
18 FCT DR- R36 CCX+44 CCY-10
19 FSELECT 2
20 FCT CT+ R5
21 FLT X+110 Y+15 AN+0
22 FL AN-90
23 FL X+65 AN+180 PAR21 DP30
24 RND R5
25 FL X+65 Y-25 AN-90
26 FC DR+ R50 CCX+65 CCY-75
27 FCT DR- R65
28 FSELECT
29 FCT Y+0 DR- R40 CCX+0 CCY+0
30 FSELECT 4
31 DEP CT CCA90 R+5 F1000 Fz"›˜›^F˜4pm›p¤˜pm˜"˜4a4¤d"˜"4˜§a›^˜›"mVFm›a"d˜4pmmF4›apm
32 L X-70 R0 FMAX
33 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 F›"4›˜am˜›^F˜›ppd˜"¨a’:˜Fm=˜zpV"h
34 END PGM FK3 MM

   ˜˜¢¬ 157

 7
Programming:
Miscellaneous Functions
 7.1 Entering Miscellaneous
7.1 Entering Miscellaneous Functions M and STOP

Functions M and STOP

Fundamentals
With the TNC's miscellaneous functions—also called M functions—
you can affect:
„ Program run, e.g., a program interruption
„ Machine functions, such as switching spindle rotation and coolant
supply on and off
„ Contouring behavior of the tool

The machine tool builder may add some M functions that

are not described in this User’s Manual. Also, the machine
tool builder can change the meaning and effect of the M
functions described here. Refer to your machine manual.

You can enter up to two M functions at the end of a positioning block

or in a separate block. The TNC displays the following dialog question:
Miscellaneous function M ?
You usually enter only the number of the M function in the
programming dialog. Some M functions can be programmed with
additional parameters. In this case, the dialog is continued for the
parameter input.
In the Manual Operation and Electronic Handwheel modes of
operation, the M functions are entered with the M soft key.

Please note that some M functions become effective at

the start of a positioning block, and others at the end,
regardless of their position in the NC block.
M functions come into effect in the block in which they are
called.
Some M functions are effective only in the block in which
they are programmed. Unless the M function is only
effective blockwise, either you must cancel it in a
subsequent block with a separate M function, or it is
automatically canceled by the TNC at the end of the
program.

160 7 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions

 7.1 Entering Miscellaneous Functions M and STOP
Entering an M function in a STOP block
If you program a STOP block, the program run or test run is interrupted
at the block, for example for tool inspection. You can also enter an
M function in a STOP block:
8 To program an interruption of program run, press the
STOP key.
8 Enter miscellaneous function M.
Example NC blocks

87 STOP M6

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 161

 7.2 Miscellaneous Functions for
7.2 Miscellaneous Functions for Program Run Control, Spindle and Coolant

Program Run Control, Spindle

and Coolant
Overview

M Effect Effective at block Start End

M00 Stop program run „
Spindle STOP
Coolant OFF

M01 Optional program STOP „

M02 Stop program run „

Spindle STOP
Coolant OFF
Go to block 1
Clear the status display (dependent
on the clearMode machine
parameter)

M03 Spindle ON clockwise „

M04 Spindle ON counterclockwise „

M05 Spindle STOP „

M06 Tool change (machine-dependent „

function) spindle STOP
Stop program run

M08 Coolant ON „

M09 Coolant OFF „

M13 Spindle ON clockwise „

Coolant ON

M14 Spindle ON counterclockwise „

Coolant ON

M30 Same as M02 „

162 7 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions

7.3 Programming machine-

7.3 Programming machine-referenced coordinates: M91/M92

referenced coordinates: M91/
M92
Programming machine-referenced coordinates:
M91/M92
Scale reference point
On the scale, a reference mark indicates the position of the scale
reference point.

Machine datum XMP

The machine datum is required for the following tasks:
„ Defining the limits of traverse (software limit switches) X (Z,Y)
„ Moving to machine-referenced positions (such as tool change
positions)
„ Setting the workpiece datum
The distance in each axis from the scale reference point to the
machine datum is defined by the machine tool builder in a machine
parameter.

Standard behavior
The TNC references coordinates to the workpiece datum, see “Datum
Setting (Without a 3-D Touch Probe),” page 47.

Behavior with M91—Machine datum

If you want the coordinates in a positioning block to be referenced to
the machine datum, end the block with M91.

If you program incremental coordinates in an M91 block,

enter them with respect to the last programmed M91
position. If no M91 position is programmed in the active
NC block, then enter the coordinates with respect to the
current tool position.

The coordinate values on the TNC screen are referenced to the

machine datum. Switch the display of coordinates in the status display
to REF (see “Status Displays,” page 33).

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 163

7.3 Programming machine-referenced coordinates: M91/M92

Behavior with M92—Additional machine datum

In addition to the machine datum, the machine tool builder

can also define an additional machine-based position as a
reference point.
For each axis, the machine tool builder defines the
distance between the machine datum and this additional
machine datum. Refer to the machine manual for more
information.

If you want the coordinates in a positioning block to be based on the

additional machine datum, end the block with M92.

Radius compensation remains the same in blocks that are

programmed with M91 or M92. The tool length, however,
is not compensated.

Effect
M91 and M92 are effective only in the blocks in which they are
programmed.
M91 and M92 take effect at the start of block.

Workpiece datum
If you want the coordinates to always be referenced to the machine
datum, you can inhibit datum setting for one or more axes.
Z
If datum setting is inhibited for all axes, the TNC no longer displays the
soft key DATUM SET in the Manual Operation mode. Z
The figure shows coordinate systems with the machine datum and
workpiece datum. Y
Y
M91/M92 in the Test Run mode X
In order to be able to graphically simulate M91/M92 movements, you
need to activate working space monitoring and display the workpiece
blank referenced to the set datum (see “Showing the Workpiece in X
the Working Space,” page 383).
M

164 7 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions

7.4 Miscellaneous Functions for

7.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior

Contouring Behavior
Machining small contour steps: M97
Standard behavior
The TNC inserts a transition arc at outside corners. If the contour steps Y
are very small, however, the tool would damage the contour.
In such cases the TNC interrupts program run and generates the error
message “Tool radius too large.”

Behavior with M97

The TNC calculates the intersection of the contour elements—as at
inside corners—and moves the tool over this point.
Program M97 in the same block as the outside corner.

Instead of M97 you should use the much more powerful

function M120 LA (see “Behavior with M120” on page X
168)!

Effect
M97 is effective only in the blocks in which it is programmed.
Y
A corner machined with M97 will not be completely
finished. You may wish to rework the contour with a
smaller tool.
S S

13 16
17

14 15

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 165

7.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior

Example NC blocks
5 TOOL DEF L ... R+20 Large tool radius
...
13 L X... Y... R... F... M97 Move to contour point 13
14 L IY-0.5 ... R... F... Machine small contour step 13 to 14
15 L IX+100 ... Move to contour point 15
16 L IY+0.5 ... R... F... M97 Machine small contour step 15 to 16
17 L X... Y... Move to contour point 17

166 7 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions

 7.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior
Machining open contours: M98
Standard behavior
The TNC calculates the intersections of the cutter paths at inside
corners and moves the tool in the new direction at those points. Y
If the contour is open at the corners, however, this will result in
incomplete machining.

Behavior with M98

With the miscellaneous function M98, the TNC temporarily suspends
radius compensation to ensure that both corners are completely
machined.

Effect S S
M98 is effective only in the blocks in which it is programmed.
M98 takes effect at the end of block. X

Example NC blocks
Move to the contour points 10, 11 and 12 in succession:

10 L X... Y... RL F
11 L X... IY... M98 Y
12 L IX+ ...

Feed rate for circular arcs: M109/M110/M111

10
Standard behavior
The TNC applies the programmed feed rate to the path of the tool
center.

Behavior at circular arcs with M109

The TNC adjusts the feed rate for circular arcs at inside and outside 11 12
X
contours so that the feed rate at the tool cutting edge remains
constant.

Behavior at circular arcs with M110

The TNC keeps the feed rate constant for circular arcs at inside
contours only. At outside contours, the feed rate is not adjusted.

M110 is also effective for the inside machining of circular

arcs using contour cycles. If you define M109 or M110
before calling a machining cycle, the adjusted feed rate is
also effective for circular arcs within machining cycles. The
initial state is restored after finishing or aborting a
machining cycle.

Effect
M109 and M110 become effective at the start of block.
To cancel M109 and M110, enter M111.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 167

7.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior

Calculating the radius-compensated path in

advance (LOOK AHEAD): M120
Standard behavior
If the tool radius is larger than the contour step that is to be machined
with radius compensation, the TNC interrupts program run and
Y
generates an error message. M97 (see “Machining small contour
steps: M97” on page 165) inhibits the error message, but this results
in dwell marks and will also move the corner.
If the programmed contour contains undercut features, the tool may
damage the contour.

Behavior with M120

The TNC checks radius-compensated paths for contour undercuts and
tool path intersections, and calculates the tool path in advance from
the current block. Areas of the contour that might be damaged by the
tool are not machined (dark areas in figure at right). You can also use
M120 to calculate the radius compensation for digitized data or data
X
created on an external programming system. This means that
deviations from the theoretical tool radius can be compensated.
Use LA (Look Ahead) behind M120 to define the number of blocks
(maximum: 99) that you want the TNC to calculate in advance. Note
that the larger the number of blocks you choose, the higher the block
processing time will be.

Input
If you enter M120 in a positioning block, the TNC continues the dialog
for this block by asking you the number of blocks LA that are to be
calculated in advance.

Effect
M120 must be located in an NC block that also contains radius
compensation RL or RR. M120 is then effective from this block until
„ radius compensation is canceled, or
„ M120 LA0 is programmed, or
„ M120 is programmed without LA, or
„ another program is called with PGM CALL, or
M120 becomes effective at the start of block.

Limitations
„ After an external or internal stop, you can only re-enter the contour
with the function RESTORE POS. AT N.
„ When using the path functions RND and CHF, the blocks before and
after them must contain only coordinates in the working plane.
„ If you want to approach the contour on a tangential path, you must
use the function APPR LCT. The block with APPR LCT must contain
only coordinates of the working plane.
„ If you want to depart the contour on a tangential path, use the
function DEP LCT. The block with DEP LCT must contain only
coordinates of the working plane.

168 7 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions

 7.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior
Superimposing handwheel positioning during
program run: M118
Standard behavior
In the program run modes, the TNC moves the tool as defined in the
part program.

Behavior with M118

M118 permits manual corrections by handwheel during program run.
Just program M118 and enter an axis-specific value (linear or rotary
axis) in millimeters.

Input
If you enter M118 in a positioning block, the TNC continues the dialog
for this block by asking you the axis-specific values. Use the ENTER
key to switch the axis letters.

Effect
Cancel handwheel positioning by programming M118 once again
without coordinate input.
M118 becomes effective at the start of block.

Example NC blocks
If you want to be able to use the handwheel during program run to
move the tool in the working plane X/Y by ±1 mm from the
programmed value:

L X+0 Y+38.5 RL F125 M118 X1 Y1

M118 also functions in the Positioning with MDI mode of

operation!
If M118 is active, the MANUAL OPERATION function is
not available after a program interruption.

Retraction from the contour in the tool-axis

direction: M140
Standard behavior
In the program run modes, the TNC moves the tool as defined in the
part program.

Behavior with M104

With M140 MB (move back) you can enter a path in the direction of
the tool axis for departure from the contour.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 169

7.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior

Input
If you enter M140 in a positioning block, the TNC continues the dialog
and asks for the desired path of tool departure from the contour. Enter
the requested path that the tool should follow when departing the
contour, or press the MAX soft key to move to the limit of the traverse
range.
In addition, you can program the feed rate at which the tool traverses
the entered path. If you do not enter a feed rate, the TNC moves the
tool along the entered path at rapid traverse.

Effect
M140 is effective only in the block in which it is programmed.
M140 becomes effective at the start of the block.

Example NC blocks
Block 250: Retract the tool 50 mm from the contour.
Block 251: Move the tool to the limit of the traverse range.

250 L X+0 Y+38.5 F125 M140 MB 50 F750

251 L X+0 Y+38.5 F125 M140 MB MAX

With M140 MB MAX you can only retract in positive direction.

Suppressing touch probe monitoring: M141

Standard behavior
When the stylus is deflected, the TNC outputs an error message as
soon as you attempt to move a machine axis.

Behavior with M141

The TNC moves the machine axes even if the touch probe is
deflected. This function is required if you wish to write your own
measuring cycle in connection with measuring cycle 3 in order to
retract the stylus by means of a positioning block after it has been
deflected.

If you use M141, make sure that you retract the touch
probe in the correct direction.
M141 functions only for movements with straight-line
blocks.

Effect
M141 is effective only in the block in which it is programmed.
M141 becomes effective at the start of the block.

170 7 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions

 7.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior
Delete basic rotation: M143
Standard behavior
The basic rotation remains in effect until it is reset or is overwritten
with a new value.

Behavior with M143

The TNC erases a programmed basic rotation from the NC program.

The function M143 is not permitted during a mid-program

startup.

Effect
M143 is effective only in the block in which it is programmed.
M143 becomes effective at the start of the block.

Automatically retract tool from the contour at an

NC stop: M148
Standard behavior
At an NC stop the TNC stops all traverse movements. The tool stops
moving at the point of interruption.

Behavior with M148

The M148 function must be enabled by the machine tool

builder.

The TNC retracts the tool in the direction of the tool axis if, in the
LIFTOFF column of the tool table, you set the parameter Y for the active
tool (see “Tool table: Standard tool data” on page 100).

Remember that, especially on curved surfaces, the

surface can be damaged during return to the contour. Back
the tool off before returning to the contour!
In the CfgLiftOff machine parameter, define the value by
which the tool is to be retracted . In the CfgLiftOff
machine parameter you can also switch off the function.

Effect
M148 remains in effect until deactivated with M149.
M148 becomes effective at the start of block, M149 at the end of
block.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 171

 7.5 Miscellaneous Functions for
7.5 Miscellaneous Functions for Rotary Axes

Rotary Axes
Feed rate in mm/min on rotary axes A, B, C:
M116
Standard behavior
The TNC interprets the programmed feed rate in a rotary axis in
degrees per minute. The contouring feed rate therefore depends on
the distance from the tool center to the center of the rotary axis.
The larger this distance becomes, the greater the contouring feed
rate.

Feed rate in mm/min on rotary axes with M116

The machine manufacturer must enter the machine

geometry.
Your machine manual provides more detailed information.
M116 works only on rotary tables. M116 cannot be used
with swivel heads. If your machine is equipped with a
table/head combination, the TNC ignores the swivel-head
rotary axes.

The TNC interprets the programmed feed rate in a rotary axis in mm/
min. With this miscellaneous function, the TNC calculates the feed
rate for each block at the start of the block. With a rotary axis, the feed
rate is not changed during execution of the block even if the tool
moves toward the center of the rotary axis.

Effect
M116 is effective in the working plane.
With M117 you can reset M116. M116 is also canceled at the end of
the program.
M116 becomes effective at the start of block.

172 7 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions

 7.5 Miscellaneous Functions for Rotary Axes
Shorter-path traverse of rotary axes: M126
Standard behavior
The standard behavior of the TNC while positioning rotary axes whose
display has been reduced to values less than 360° is decided by the
machine tool builder. They decide whether the TNC should consider
the difference between nominal and actual position, or whether the
TNC should always (even without M126) choose the shortest path to
the programmed position. Examples:

Actual position Nominal position Traverse

350° 10° –340°

10° 340° +330°

Behavior with M126

With M126, the TNC will move the axis on the shorter path of traverse
if you reduce display of a rotary axis to a value less than 360°.
Examples:

Actual position Nominal position Traverse

350° 10° +20°

10° 340° –30°

Effect
M126 becomes effective at the start of block.
To cancel M126, enter M127. At the end of program, M126 is
automatically canceled.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 173

7.5 Miscellaneous Functions for Rotary Axes

Reducing display of a rotary axis to a value less

than 360°: M94
Standard behavior
The TNC moves the tool from the current angular value to the
programmed angular value.
Example:

Current angular value: 538°

Programmed angular value: 180°
Actual distance of traverse: –358°

Behavior with M94

At the start of block, the TNC first reduces the current angular value to
a value less than 360° and then moves the tool to the programmed
value. If several rotary axes are active, M94 will reduce the display of
all rotary axes. As an alternative you can enter a rotary axis after M94.
The TNC then reduces the display only of this axis.
Example NC blocks
To reduce display of all active rotary axes:

L M94

To reduce display of the C axis only:

L M94 C

To reduce display of all active rotary axes and then move the tool in
the C axis to the programmed value:

L C+180 FMAX M94

Effect
M94 is effective only in the block in which it is programmed.
M94 becomes effective at the start of block.

174 7 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions

 8
Programming: Cycles
 8.1 Working with Cycles
8.1 Working with Cycles

Frequently recurring machining cycles that comprise several working

steps are stored in the TNC memory as standard cycles. Coordinate
transformations and other special cycles are also provided as standard
cycles (for an overview: ’FF˜‰Š:˜z"VF˜s•G).
Fixed cycles with numbers 200 and above use Q parameters as
transfer parameters. Parameters with specific functions that are
required in several cycles always have the same number: For
example, Q200 is always assigned the set-up clearance, Q202 the
plunging depth, etc.

Fixed cycles sometimes execute extensive operations.

For safety reasons, you should run a graphical program
test before machining |’FF˜‰F’›˜¤mŠ˜pm˜z"VF˜G¢}.

Machine-specific cycles
In addition to the HEIDENHAIN cycles, many machine tool builders
offer their own cycles in the TNC. These cycles are available in a
separate cycle-number range:
„ Cycles 300 to 399
Machine-specific cycles that are to be defined through the CYCLE
DEF key
„ Cycles 500 to 599
Machine-specific cycles that are to be defined through the TOUCH
PROBE key

Refer to your machine manual for a description of the

specific function.

Sometimes, machine-specific cycles also use transfer parameters,

which HEIDENHAIN already used in the standard cycles. The TNC
executes DEF-active cycles as soon as they are defined (FF˜"d’p˜
‰"ddamV˜4©4dF’Š˜pm˜z"VF˜s•n) It executes CALL-active cycles only
after they have been called (FF˜"d’p˜‰"ddamV˜4©4dF’Š˜pm˜z"VF˜s•n).
When DEF-active cycles and CALL-active cycles are used
simultaneously, it is important to prevent overwriting of transfer
parameters already in use. Use the following procedure:
8 As a rule, always program DEF-active cycles before CALL-active
cycles.
8 If you do want to program a DEF-active cycle between the definition
and call of a CALL-active cycle, do it only if there is no common use
of specific transfer parameters.

176 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.1 Working with Cycles
Defining a cycle using soft keys
8 The soft-key row shows the available groups of
cycles.
8 Press the soft key for the desired group of cycles, for
example DRILLING for the drilling cycles.
8 Select the cycle, for example THREAD MILLING. The
TNC initiates a dialog and asks for all input values. At
the same time a graphic of the input parameters is
displayed in the right screen window. The parameter
that is asked for in the dialog prompt is highlighted.
8 In the right screen window the TNC shows a graphic
of the input parameters. The parameter that is asked
for in the dialog prompt is highlighted.
8 Enter all parameters requested by the TNC and
conclude each entry with the ENT key.
8 The TNC ends the dialog when all required data has
been entered.

Defining a cycle using the GOTO function

8 The soft-key row shows the available groups of
cycles.
8 The TNC opens a pop-up window
8 Enter the cycle number and confirm it with the ENT
key. The TNC then initiates the cycle dialog as
described above.

Example NC blocks
7 CYCL DEF 200 DRILLING
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q201=3 ;DEPTH
Q206=150 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
Q202=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
Q210=0 ;DWELL TIME AT TOP
Q203=+0 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q211=0.25 ;DWELL TIME AT DEPTH

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 177

8.1 Working with Cycles

Group of cycles Soft key

Cycles for pecking, reaming, boring, counterboring,
tapping and thread milling

Cycles for milling pockets, studs and slots

Cycles for producing point patterns, such as circular or

linear hole patterns

SL (Subcontour List) cycles which allow the contour-

parallel machining of relatively complex contours
consisting of several overlapping subcontours,
cylinder surface interpolation

Cycles for face milling of flat or twisted surfaces

Coordinate transformation cycles which enable datum

shift, rotation, mirror image, enlarging and reducing for
various contours

Special cycles such as dwell time, program call,

oriented spindle stop and tolerance

If you use indirect parameter assignments in fixed cycles

with numbers greater than 200 (e.g. Q210 = Q1), any
change in the assigned parameter (e.g. Q1) will have no
effect after the cycle definition. Define the cycle
parameter (e.g. Q210) directly in such cases.
If you define a feed-rate parameter for fixed cycles greater
than 200, then instead of entering a numerical value you
can use soft keys to assign the feed rate defined in the
TOOL CALL block (FAUTO soft key), or rapid traverse (FMAX
soft key).
If you want to delete a block that is part of a cycle, the TNC
asks you whether you want to delete the whole cycle.

178 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.1 Working with Cycles
Calling cycles

Prerequisites
The following data must always be programmed before a
cycle call:
„ BLK FORM for graphic display (needed only for test
graphics)
„ Tool call
„ Direction of spindle rotation (M functions M3/M4)
„ Cycle definition (CYCL DEF)
For some cycles, additional prerequisites must be
observed. They are detailed in the descriptions for each
cycle.

The following cycles become effective automatically as soon as they

are defined in the part program. These cycles cannot and must not be
called:
„ Cycle 220 for point patterns on circles and Cycle 221 for point
patterns on lines
„ SL Cycle 14 CONTOUR GEOMETRY
„ SL Cycle 20 CONTOUR DATA
„ Coordinate Transformation Cycles
„ Cycle 9 DWELL TIME
You can call all other cycles with the functions described as follows.

Calling a cycle with CYCL CALL

The CYCL CALL function calls the fixed cycle that was last defined. The
starting point of the cycle is the position that was programmed last
before the CYCL CALL block.
8 To program the cycle call, press the CYCL CALL key.
8 Press the CYCL CALL M soft key to enter a cycle call.
8 If necessary, enter the miscellaneous function M (for
example M3 to switch the spindle on), or end the
dialog by pressing the END key

Calling a cycle with M99/89

The M99 function, which is active only in the block in which it is
programmed, calls the last defined fixed cycle once. You can program
M99 at the end of a positioning block. The TNC moves to this position
and then calls the last defined fixed cycle.
If the ATEK M is to execute the cycle automatically after every
positioning block, program the cycle call with M89.
To cancel the effect of M89, program:
„ M99 in the positioning block in which you move to the last starting
point, or
„ Define with CYCL DEF a new fixed cycle

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 179

 8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and
8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

Thread Milling
Overview

Cycle Soft key

200 DRILLING
With automatic pre-positioning, 2nd set-up clearance

201 REAMING
With automatic pre-positioning, 2nd set-up clearance

202 BORING
With automatic pre-positioning, 2nd set-up clearance

203 UNIVERSAL DRILLING

With automatic pre-positioning, 2nd set-up clearance,
chip breaking, and decrementing

204 BACK BORING

With automatic pre-positioning, 2nd set-up clearance

205 UNIVERSAL PECKING

With automatic pre-positioning, 2nd set-up clearance,
chip breaking, and advanced stop distance

208 BORE MILLING

With automatic pre-positioning, 2nd set-up clearance

206 TAPPING NEW

With a floating tap holder, with automatic
pre-positioning, 2nd set-up clearance

207 RIGID TAPPING NEW

Without a floating tap holder, with automatic
pre-positioning, 2nd set-up clearance

209 TAPPING W/ CHIP BRKG

Without a floating tap holder, with automatic
pre-positioning, 2nd set-up clearance, chip breaking

262 THREAD MILLING

Cycle for milling a thread in pre-drilled material

263 THREAD MLLNG/CNTSNKG

Cycle for milling a thread in pre-drilled material and
machining a countersunk chamfer

180 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling
Cycle Soft key
264 THREAD DRILLING/MLLNG
Cycle for drilling into the solid material with
subsequent milling of the thread with a tool

265 HEL.THREAD DRLG/MLG

Cycle for milling the thread into the solid material

267 OUTSIDE THREAD MLLNG

Cycle for milling an external thread and machining a
countersunk chamfer

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 181

8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

DRILLING (Cycle 200)

1 The TNC positions the tool in the tool axis at rapid traverse FMAX
to the set-up clearance above the workpiece surface.
2 The tool drills to the first plunging depth at the programmed feed Z Q206
rate F.
3 The TNC returns the tool at FMAX to the set-up clearance, dwells
there (if a dwell time was entered), and then moves at FMAX to Q210
the set-up clearance above the first plunging depth. Q200 Q204
4 The tool then advances with another infeed at the programmed Q203
feed rate F. Q202
5 The TNC repeats this process (2 to 4) until the programmed depth Q201
is reached.
6 The tool is retracted from the hole bottom to the set-up clearance
or—if programmed—to the 2nd set-up clearance at rapid traverse
FMAX.
X
Before programming, note the following:
Program a positioning block for the starting point (hole
center) in the working plane with radius compensation R0.
The algebraic sign for the cycle parameter DEPTH
determines the working direction. If you program
DEPTH = 0, the cycle will not be executed.

Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define

whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Danger of collision!
Keep in mind that the TNC reverses the calculation for pre-
positioning when a positive depth is entered. This
means that the tool moves at rapid traverse in the tool axis
at safety clearance below the workpiece surface!

182 8 Programming: Cycles

 Example: NC blocks

8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance
between tool tip and workpiece surface. Enter a
positive value. 10 L Z+100 R0 FMAX

8 Depth Q201 (incremental value): Distance between 11 CYCL DEF 200 DRILLING
workpiece surface and bottom of hole (tip of drill Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
taper).
Q201=-15 ;DEPTH
8 Feed rate for plunging Q206: Traversing speed of
the tool during drilling in mm/min. Q206=250 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
Q202=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
8 Plunging depth Q202 (incremental value): Infeed per
cut. The depth does not have to be a multiple of the Q210=0 ;DWELL TIME AT TOP
plunging depth. The TNC will go to depth in one
Q203=+20 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
movement if:
Q204=100 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
„ the plunging depth is equal to the depth
„ the plunging depth is greater than the depth Q211=0.1 ;DWELL TIME AT DEPTH
8 Dwell time at top Q210: Time in seconds that the 12 L X+30 Y+20 FMAX M3
tool remains at set-up clearance after having been 13 CYCL CALL
retracted from the hole for chip release.
14 L X+80 Y+50 FMAX M99
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute
value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface. 15 L Z+100 FMAX M2

8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value):

Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can
occur.
8 Dwell time at depth Q211: Time in seconds that the
tool remains at the hole bottom.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 183

8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

REAMING (Cycle 201)

1 The TNC positions the tool in the tool axis at rapid traverse FMAX
to the programmed set-up clearance above the workpiece surface.
2 The tool reams to the entered depth at the programmed feed Z Q206
rate F.
3 If programmed, the tool remains at the hole bottom for the entered
dwell time.
4 The tool then retracts to the set-up clearance at the feed rate F, Q200 Q204
and from there—if programmed—to the 2nd set-up clearance at Q203
FMAX.
Q201
Before programming, note the following:
Q208
Program a positioning block for the starting point (hole
center) in the working plane with radius compensation R0. Q211

The algebraic sign for the cycle parameter DEPTH

determines the working direction. If you program
X
DEPTH = 0, the cycle will not be executed.

Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define

whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Danger of collision!
Keep in mind that the TNC reverses the calculation for pre-
positioning when a positive depth is entered. This
means that the tool moves at rapid traverse in the tool axis
at safety clearance below the workpiece surface!

184 8 Programming: Cycles

 Example: NC blocks

8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance
between tool tip and workpiece surface.
10 L Z+100 R0 FMAX
8 Depth Q201 (incremental value): Distance between
workpiece surface and bottom of hole. 11 CYCL DEF 201 REAMING

8 Feed rate for plunging Q206: Traversing speed of Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
the tool during reaming in mm/min. Q201=-15 ;DEPTH
8 Dwell time at depth Q211: Time in seconds that the Q206=100 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
tool remains at the hole bottom.
Q211=0.5 ;DWELL TIME AT DEPTH
8 Retraction feed rate Q208: Traversing speed of the Q208=250 ;RETRACTION FEED RATE
tool in mm/min when retracting from the hole. If you
enter Q208 = 0, the tool retracts at the reaming feed Q203=+20 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
rate. Q204=100 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute 12 L X+30 Y+20 FMAX M3
value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface.
13 CYCL CALL
8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value):
Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision 14 L X+80 Y+50 FMAX M9
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can 15 L Z+100 FMAX M2
occur.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 185

8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

BORING (Cycle 202)

Machine and control must be specially prepared by the

machine tool builder for use of this cycle.
Z Q206
1 The TNC positions the tool in the tool axis at rapid traverse FMAX
to the set-up clearance above the workpiece surface.
2 The tool drills to the programmed depth at the feed rate for
plunging. Q200 Q204
Q203
3 If programmed, the tool remains at the hole bottom for the entered
dwell time with active spindle rotation for cutting free.
Q201 Q208
4 The TNC then orients the spindle to the position that is defined in
parameter Q336. Q211
5 If retraction is selected, the tool retracts in the programmed
direction by 0.2 mm (fixed value).
6 The TNC moves the tool at the retraction feed rate to the set-up X
clearance and then, if entered, to the 2nd set-up clearance at
FMAX. If Q214=0, the tool point remains on the wall of the hole.

Before programming, note the following:

Program a positioning block for the starting point (hole
center) in the working plane with radius compensation R0.
The algebraic sign for the cycle parameter DEPTH
determines the working direction. If you program
DEPTH = 0, the cycle will not be executed.
After the cycle is completed, the TNC restores the coolant
and spindle conditions that were active before the cycle
call.

Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define

whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Danger of collision!
Keep in mind that the TNC reverses the calculation for pre-
positioning when a positive depth is entered. This
means that the tool moves at rapid traverse in the tool axis
at safety clearance below the workpiece surface!

186 8 Programming: Cycles

 Example: NC blocks

8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance
between tool tip and workpiece surface.
10 L Z+100 R0 FMAX
8 Depth Q201 (incremental value): Distance between
workpiece surface and bottom of hole. 11 CYCL DEF 202 BORING

8 Feed rate for plunging Q206: Traversing speed of Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
the tool during boring in mm/min. Q201=-15 ;DEPTH
8 Dwell time at depth Q211: Time in seconds that the Q206=100 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
tool remains at the hole bottom.
Q211=0.5 ;DWELL TIME AT DEPTH
8 Retraction feed rate Q208: Traversing speed of the Q208=250 ;RETRACTION FEED RATE
tool in mm/min when retracting from the hole. If you
enter Q208 = 0, the tool retracts at feed rate for Q203=+20 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
plunging. Q204=100 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute Q214=1 ;DISENGAGING DIRECTN
value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface.
Q336=0 ;ANGLE OF SPINDLE
8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value):
Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision 12 L X+30 Y+20 FMAX M3
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can 13 CYCL CALL
occur.
14 L X+80 Y+50 FMAX M99
8 Disengaging direction (0/1/2/3/4) Q214: Determine
the direction in which the TNC retracts the tool at the
hole bottom (after spindle orientation).

0 Do not retract tool

1 Retract tool in the negative ref. axis direction
2 Retract tool in the neg. secondary axis direction
3 Retract tool in the positive ref. axis direction
4 Retract tool in the pos. secondary axis direction

Danger of collision
Select a disengaging direction in which the tool moves
away from the edge of the hole.
Check the position of the tool tip when you program a
spindle orientation to the angle that you enter in Q336 (for
example, in the Positioning with Manual Data Input mode
of operation). Set the angle so that the tool tip is parallel to
a coordinate axis.
During retraction the TNC automatically takes an active
rotation of the coordinate system into account.

8 Angle for spindle orientation Q336 (absolute

value): Angle at which the TNC positions the tool
before retracting it.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 187

8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

UNIVERSAL DRILLING (Cycle 203)

1 The TNC positions the tool in the tool axis at rapid traverse FMAX
to the programmed set-up clearance above the workpiece surface.
2 The tool drills to the first plunging depth at the programmed feed
rate F.
3 If you have programmed chip breaking, the tool then retracts by
the entered retraction value. If you are working without chip
breaking, the tool retracts at the retraction feed rate to the set-up
clearance, remains there—if programmed—for the entered dwell
time, and advances again at FMAX to the set-up clearance above
the first PLUNGING DEPTH.
4 The tool then advances with another infeed at the programmed
feed rate. If programmed, the plunging depth is decreased after
each infeed by the decrement.
5 The TNC repeats this process (2 to 4) until the programmed total
hole depth is reached.
6 The tool remains at the hole bottom—if programmed—for the
entered dwell time to cut free, and then retracts to the set-up
clearance at the retraction feed rate. If programmed, the tool
moves to the 2nd set-up clearance at FMAX.

Before programming, note the following:

Program a positioning block for the starting point (hole
center) in the working plane with radius compensation R0.
The algebraic sign for the cycle parameter DEPTH
determines the working direction. If you program
DEPTH = 0, the cycle will not be executed.

Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define

whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Danger of collision!
Keep in mind that the TNC reverses the calculation for pre-
positioning when a positive depth is entered. This
means that the tool moves at rapid traverse in the tool axis
at safety clearance below the workpiece surface!

188 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling
8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance
between tool tip and workpiece surface.
Z Q206 Q208
8 Depth Q201 (incremental value): Distance between
workpiece surface and bottom of hole (tip of drill
taper).
Q210
8 Feed rate for plunging Q206: Traversing speed of
the tool during drilling in mm/min. Q200 Q204
Q203
8 Plunging depth Q202 (incremental value): Infeed per Q202
cut. The depth does not have to be a multiple of the Q201
plunging depth. The TNC will go to depth in one
movement if:
Q211
„ the plunging depth is equal to the depth
„ the plunging depth is greater than the depth
X
8 Dwell time at top Q210: Time in seconds that the
tool remains at set-up clearance after having been
retracted from the hole for chip release. Example: NC blocks
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute 11 CYCL DEF 203 UNIVERSAL DRILLING
value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface.
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value):
Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision Q201=-20 ;DEPTH
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can Q206=150 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
occur.
Q202=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
8 Decrement Q212 (incremental value): Value by which
Q210=0 ;DWELL TIME AT TOP
the TNC decreases the plunging depth Q202 after
each infeed. Q203=+20 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
8 No. of breaks before retracting Q213: Number of Q204=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
chip breaks after which the TNC is to withdraw the Q212=0.2 ;DECREMENT
tool from the hole for chip release. For chip breaking,
the TNC retracts the tool each time by the value in Q213=3 ;BREAKS
Q256. Q205=3 ;MIN. PLUNGING DEPTH
8 Minimum plunging depth Q205 (incremental value): If Q211=0.25 ;DWELL TIME AT DEPTH
you have entered a decrement, the TNC limits the
plunging depth to the value entered with Q205. Q208=500 ;RETRACTION FEED RATE

8 Dwell time at depth Q211: Time in seconds that the Q256=0.2 ;DIST. FOR CHIP BRKNG
tool remains at the hole bottom.
8 Retraction feed rate Q208: Traversing speed of the
tool in mm/min when retracting from the hole. If you
enter Q208 = 0, the TNC retracts the tool at the feed
rate in Q206.
8 Retraction rate for chip breaking Q256
(incremental value): Value by which the TNC retracts
the tool during chip breaking.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 189

8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

BACK BORING (Cycle 204)

Machine and control must be specially prepared by the

machine tool builder for use of this cycle. Z
Special boring bars for upward cutting are required for this
cycle.

This cycle allows holes to be bored from the underside of the

workpiece.
1 The TNC positions the tool in the tool axis at rapid traverse FMAX
to the set-up clearance above the workpiece surface.
2 The TNC then orients the spindle to the 0° position with an
oriented spindle stop, and displaces the tool by the off-center
distance. X
3 The tool is then plunged into the already bored hole at the feed rate
for pre-positioning until the tooth has reached the set-up clearance
on the underside of the workpiece.
4 The TNC then centers the tool again over the bore hole, switches
on the spindle and the coolant and moves at the feed rate for Z
boring to the depth of bore.
5 If a dwell time is entered, the tool will pause at the top of the bore
hole and will then be retracted from the hole again. Another
oriented spindle stop is carried out and the tool is once again
displaced by the off-center distance. Q204
6 The TNC moves the tool at the pre-positioning feed rate to the set- Q200
up clearance and then, if entered, to the 2nd set-up clearance at
FMAX.
Q250 Q203
Before programming, note the following:
Q249
Program a positioning block for the starting point (hole
center) in the working plane with radius compensation R0. Q200 X
The algebraic sign for the cycle parameter depth
determines the working direction. Note: A positive sign
bores in the direction of the positive spindle axis.
The entered tool length is the total length to the underside Z Q253
of the boring bar and not just to the tooth.
When calculating the starting point for boring, the TNC Q251
considers the tooth length of the boring bar and the
thickness of the material. Q252

Q255
Q254

X
Q214

190 8 Programming: Cycles

 Example: NC blocks

8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance
between tool tip and workpiece surface.
11 CYCL DEF 204 BACK BORING
8 Depth of counterbore Q249 (incremental value):
Distance between underside of workpiece and the Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
top of the hole. A positive sign means the hole will be Q249=+5 ;DEPTH OF COUNTERBORE
bored in the positive spindle axis direction.
Q250=20 ;MATERIAL THICKNESS
8 Material thickness Q250 (incremental value):
Thickness of the workpiece. Q251=3.5 ;OFF-CENTER DISTANCE
Q252=15 ;TOOL EDGE HEIGHT
8 Off-center distance Q251 (incremental value): Off-
center distance for the boring bar; value from tool Q253=750 ;F PRE-POSITIONING
data sheet.
Q254=200 ;F COUNTERBORING
8 Tool edge height Q252 (incremental value): Distance Q255=0 ;DWELL TIME
between the underside of the boring bar and the main
cutting tooth; value from tool data sheet. Q203=+20 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
8 Feed rate for pre-positioning Q253: Traversing Q204=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
speed of the tool when moving in and out of the Q214=1 ;DISENGAGING DIRECTN
workpiece, in mm/min.
Q336=0 ;ANGLE OF SPINDLE
8 Feed rate for countersinking Q254: Traversing
speed of the tool during countersinking in mm/min.
8 Dwell time Q255: Dwell time in seconds at the top of
the bore hole.
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute
value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface.
8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value):
Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can
occur.
8 Disengaging direction (0/1/2/3/4) Q214:
Determine the direction in which the TNC displaces
the tool by the off-center distance (after spindle
orientation).

1 Retract tool in the negative ref. axis direction

2 Retract tool in the neg. secondary axis direction
3 Retract tool in the positive ref. axis direction
4 Retract tool in the pos. secondary axis direction

Danger of collision!
Check the position of the tool tip when you program a
spindle orientation to the angle that you enter in Q336 (for
example, in the Positioning with Manual Data Input mode
of operation). Set the angle so that the tool tip is parallel to
a coordinate axis. Select a disengaging direction in which
the tool moves away from the edge of the hole.

8 Angle for spindle orientation Q336 (absolute

value): Angle at which the TNC positions the tool
before it is plunged into or retracted from the bore
hole.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 191

8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

UNIVERSAL PECKING (Cycle 205)

1 The TNC positions the tool in the tool axis at rapid traverse FMAX
to the programmed set-up clearance above the workpiece surface.
2 If you enter a deepened starting point, the TNC move at the
defined positioning feed rate to the set-up clearance above the
deepened starting point.
3 The tool drills to the first plunging depth at the programmed feed
rate F.
4 If you have programmed chip breaking, the tool then retracts by
the entered retraction value. If you are working without chip
breaking, the tool is moved at rapid traverse to the set-up
clearance and then at FMAX to the entered starting position above
the first plunging depth.
5 The tool then advances with another infeed at the programmed
feed rate. If programmed, the plunging depth is decreased after
each infeed by the decrement.
6 The TNC repeats this process (2 to 4) until the programmed total
hole depth is reached.
7 The tool remains at the hole bottom—if programmed—for the
entered dwell time to cut free, and then retracts to the set-up
clearance at the retraction feed rate. If programmed, the tool
moves to the 2nd set-up clearance at FMAX.

Before programming, note the following:

Program a positioning block for the starting point (hole
center) in the working plane with radius compensation R0.
The algebraic sign for the cycle parameter DEPTH
determines the working direction. If you program
DEPTH = 0, the cycle will not be executed.

Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define

whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Danger of collision!
Keep in mind that the TNC reverses the calculation for pre-
positioning when a positive depth is entered. This
means that the tool moves at rapid traverse in the tool axis
at safety clearance below the workpiece surface!

192 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling
8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance
between tool tip and workpiece surface.
8 Depth Q201 (incremental value): Distance between
workpiece surface and bottom of hole (tip of drill
taper).
8 Feed rate for plunging Q206: Traversing speed of
the tool during drilling in mm/min.
8 Plunging depth Q202 (incremental value): Infeed per
cut. The depth does not have to be a multiple of the
plunging depth. The TNC will go to depth in one
movement if:
„ the plunging depth is equal to the depth
„ the plunging depth is greater than the depth
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute
value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface.
8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value):
Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can
occur.
8 Decrement Q212 (incremental value): Value by which
the TNC decreases the plunging depth Q202.
8 Minimum plunging depth Q205 (incremental value): If
you have entered a decrement, the TNC limits the
plunging depth to the value entered with Q205.
8 Upper advanced stop distance Q258 (incremental
value): Set-up clearance for rapid traverse positioning
when the TNC moves the tool again to the current
plunging depth after retraction from the hole; value
for the first plunging depth.
8 Lower advanced stop distance Q259 (incremental
value): Set-up clearance for rapid traverse positioning
when the TNC moves the tool again to the current
plunging depth after retraction from the hole; value
for the last plunging depth.

If you enter Q258 not equal to Q259, the TNC will change
the advance stop distances between the first and last
plunging depths at the same rate.

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 Example: NC blocks
8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

8 Infeed depth for chip breaking Q257 (incremental

value): Depth at which the TNC carries out chip
breaking. There is no chip breaking if 0 is entered. 11 CYCL DEF 205 UNIVERSAL PECKING

8 Retraction rate for chip breaking Q256 Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE

(incremental value): Value by which the TNC retracts Q201=-80 ;DEPTH
the tool during chip breaking.
Q206=150 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
8 Dwell time at depth Q211: Time in seconds that the
tool remains at the hole bottom. Q202=15 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
Q203=+100 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
8 Deepened starting point Q379 (incremental with
respect to the workpiece surface): Starting position of Q204=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
drilling if a shorter tool has already pilot drilled to a
Q212=0.5 ;DECREMENT
certain depth. The TNC moves at the feed rate for
pre-positioning from the set-up clearance to the Q205=3 ;MIN. PLUNGING DEPTH
deepened starting point.
Q258=0.5 ;UPPER ADV STOP DIST
8 Feed rate for pre-positioning Q253: Traversing Q259=1 ;LOWER ADV STOP DIST
velocity of the tool during positioning from the set-up
clearance to a deepened starting point in mm/min. Q257=5 ;DEPTH FOR CHIP BRKNG
Effective only if Q379 is entered not equal to 0. Q256=0.2 ;DIST. FOR CHIP BRKNG
Q211=0.25 ;DWELL TIME AT DEPTH
If you use Q379 to enter a deepened starting point, the
TNC merely changes the starting point of the infeed Q379=7.5 ;STARTING POSITION
movement. Retraction movements are not changed by
Q253=750 ;F PRE-POSITIONING
the TNC, therefore they are calculated with respect to the
coordinate of the workpiece surface.

194 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling
BORE MILLING (Cycle 208)
1 The TNC positions the tool in the tool axis at rapid traverse FMAX
to the programmed set-up clearance above the workpiece surface
and then moves the tool to the bore hole circumference on a
rounded arc (if enough space is available).
2 The tool mills in a helix from the current position to the first
plunging depth at the programmed feed rate.
3 When the drilling depth is reached, the TNC once again traverses
a full circle to remove the material remaining after the initial
plunge.
4 The TNC then positions the tool at the center of the hole again.
5 Finally the TNC returns to the set-up clearance at FMAX. If
programmed, the tool moves to the 2nd set-up clearance at FMAX.

Before programming, note the following:

Program a positioning block for the starting point (hole
center) in the working plane with radius compensation R0.
The algebraic sign for the cycle parameter DEPTH
determines the working direction. If you program
DEPTH = 0, the cycle will not be executed.
If you have entered the bore hole diameter to be the same
as the tool diameter, the TNC will bore directly to the
entered depth without any helical interpolation.

Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define

whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Danger of collision!
Keep in mind that the TNC reverses the calculation for pre-
positioning when a positive depth is entered. This
means that the tool moves at rapid traverse in the tool axis
at safety clearance below the workpiece surface!

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8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance

between tool lower edge and workpiece surface.
8 Depth Q201 (incremental value): Distance between
workpiece surface and bottom of hole.
8 Feed rate for plunging Q206: Traversing speed of
the tool during helical drilling in mm/min.
8 Infeed per helix Q334 (incremental value): Depth of
the tool plunge with each helix (=360°).

Note that if the infeed distance is too large, the tool or the
workpiece may be damaged.
To prevent the infeeds from being too large, enter the
maximum plunge angle of the tool in the ANGLE column
of the tool table, (’FF˜‰ppd˜"›"Š:˜z"VF˜nG). The TNC then
automatically calculates the max. infeed permitted and
changes your entered value accordingly.

8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute

value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface.
8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value):
Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can
occur.
8 Nominal diameter Q335 (absolute value): Bore-hole
diameter. If you have entered the nominal diameter to
be the same as the tool diameter, the TNC will bore
directly to the entered depth without any helical
interpolation.
8 Roughing diameter Q342 (absolute value): As soon as
you enter a value greater than 0 in Q342, the TNC no
longer checks the ratio between the nominal
diameter and the tool diameter. This allows you to Example: NC blocks
rough-mill holes whose diameter is more than twice
as large as the tool diameter. 12 CYCL DEF 208 BORE MILLING
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q201=-80 ;DEPTH
Q206=150 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
Q334=1.5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
Q203=+100 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q335=25 ;NOMINAL DIAMETER
Q342=0 ;ROUGHING DIAMETER

196 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling
TAPPING NEW with floating tap holder
(Cycle 206)
1 The TNC positions the tool in the tool axis at rapid traverse FMAX
to the programmed set-up clearance above the workpiece surface.
2 The tool drills to the total hole depth in one movement.
3 Once the tool has reached the total hole depth, the direction of
spindle rotation is reversed and the tool is retracted to the set-up
clearance at the end of the dwell time. If programmed, the tool
moves to the 2nd set-up clearance at FMAX.
4 At the set-up clearance, the direction of spindle rotation reverses
once again.

Before programming, note the following:

Program a positioning block for the starting point (hole
center) in the working plane with radius compensation R0.
The algebraic sign for the cycle parameter DEPTH
determines the working direction. If you program
DEPTH = 0, the cycle will not be executed.
A floating tap holder is required for tapping. It must
compensate the tolerances between feed rate and spindle
speed during the tapping process.
When a cycle is being run, the spindle speed override knob
is disabled. The feed-rate override knob is active only
within a limited range, which is defined by the machine
tool builder (refer to your machine manual).
For tapping right-hand threads activate the spindle with
M3, for left-hand threads use M4.

Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define

whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Danger of collision!
Keep in mind that the TNC reverses the calculation for pre-
positioning when a positive depth is entered. This
means that the tool moves at rapid traverse in the tool axis
at safety clearance below the workpiece surface!

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8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance

between tool tip (at starting position) and workpiece
surface. Standard value: approx. 4 times the thread
pitch.
8 Total hole depth Q201 (thread length, incremental
value): Distance between workpiece surface and end
of thread.
8 Feed rate F Q206: Traversing speed of the tool during
tapping.
8 Dwell time at bottom Q211: Enter a value between 0
and 0.5 seconds to avoid wedging of the tool during
retraction.
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute
value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface.
8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value):
Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision Example: NC blocks
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can
occur. 25 CYCL DEF 206 TAPPING NEW
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
The feed rate is calculated as follows: F = S x p
Q201=-20 ;DEPTH
F Feed rate (mm/min)
S: Spindle speed (rpm) Q206=150 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
p: Thread pitch (mm) Q211=0.25 ;DWELL TIME AT DEPTH

Retracting after a program interruption Q203=+25 ;SURFACE COORDINATE

If you interrupt program run during tapping with the machine stop Q204=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
button, the TNC will display a soft key with which you can retract the
tool.

198 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling
RIGID TAPPING without a floating tap holder
NEW (Cycle 207)

Machine and control must be specially prepared by the

machine tool builder for use of this cycle.

The TNC cuts the thread without a floating tap holder in one or more
passes.
1 The TNC positions the tool in the tool axis at rapid traverse FMAX
to the programmed set-up clearance above the workpiece surface.
2 The tool drills to the total hole depth in one movement.
3 Once the tool has reached the total hole depth, the direction of
spindle rotation is reversed and the tool is retracted to the set-up
clearance at the end of the dwell time. If programmed, the tool
moves to the 2nd set-up clearance at FMAX.
4 The TNC stops the spindle turning at set-up clearance.

Before programming, note the following:

Program a positioning block for the starting point (hole
center) in the working plane with radius compensation R0.
The algebraic sign for the total hole depth parameter
determines the working direction.
The TNC calculates the feed rate from the spindle speed.
If the spindle speed override is used during tapping, the
feed rate is automatically adjusted.
The feed-rate override knob is disabled.
At the end of the cycle the spindle comes to a stop. Before
the next operation, restart the spindle with M3 (or M4).

Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define

whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Danger of collision!
Keep in mind that the TNC reverses the calculation for pre-
positioning when a positive depth is entered. This
means that the tool moves at rapid traverse in the tool axis
at safety clearance below the workpiece surface!

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8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance

between tool tip (at starting position) and workpiece
surface.
8 Total hole depth Q201 (incremental value): Distance
between workpiece surface and end of thread.
8 Pitch Q239
Pitch of the thread. The algebraic sign differentiates
between right-hand and left-hand threads:
+ = right-hand thread
– = left-hand thread
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute
value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface.
8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value):
Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can
occur.
Example: NC blocks
Retracting after a program interruption
26 CYCL DEF 207 RIGID TAPPING NEW
If you interrupt program run during thread cutting with the machine
stop button, the TNC will display the soft key MANUAL OPERATION. Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
If you press the MANUAL OPERATION key, you can retract the tool Q201=-20 ;DEPTH
under program control. Simply press the positive axis direction button
of the active tool axis. Q239=+1 ;PITCH
Q203=+25 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE

200 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling
TAPPING WITH CHIP BREAKING (Cycle 209)

Machine and control must be specially prepared by the

machine tool builder for use of this cycle.

The tool machines the thread in several passes until it reaches the
programmed depth. You can define in a parameter whether the tool is
to be retracted completely from the hole for chip breaking.
1 The TNC positions the tool in the tool axis at rapid traverse FMAX
to the programmed set-up clearance above the workpiece surface.
There it carries out an oriented spindle stop.
2 The tool moves to the programmed infeed depth, reverses the
direction of spindle rotation and retracts by a specific distance or
completely for chip release, depending on the definition.
3 It then reverses the direction of spindle rotation again and
advances to the next infeed depth.
4 The TNC repeats this process (2 to 3) until the programmed thread
depth is reached.
5 The tool is then retracted to the set-up clearance. If programmed,
the tool moves to the 2nd set-up clearance at FMAX.
6 The TNC stops the spindle turning at set-up clearance.

Before programming, note the following:

Program a positioning block for the starting point (hole
center) in the working plane with radius compensation R0.
The algebraic sign for the parameter thread depth
determines the working direction.
The TNC calculates the feed rate from the spindle speed.
If the spindle speed override is used during tapping, the
feed rate is automatically adjusted.
The feed-rate override knob is disabled.
At the end of the cycle the spindle comes to a stop. Before
the next operation, restart the spindle with M3 (or M4).

Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define

whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Danger of collision!
Keep in mind that the TNC reverses the calculation for pre-
positioning when a positive depth is entered. This
means that the tool moves at rapid traverse in the tool axis
at safety clearance below the workpiece surface!

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8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance

between tool tip (at starting position) and workpiece
surface.
8 Thread depth Q201 (incremental value): Distance
between workpiece surface and end of thread.
8 Pitch Q239
Pitch of the thread. The algebraic sign differentiates
between right-hand and left-hand threads:
+ = right-hand thread
– = left-hand thread
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute
value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface.
8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value):
Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can
occur.
Example: NC blocks
8 Infeed depth for chip breaking Q257 (incremental
value): Depth at which TNC carries out chip breaking 26 CYCL DEF 209 TAPPING W/ CHIP BRKG

8 Retraction rate for chip breaking Q256: The TNC Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
multiplies the pitch Q239 by the programmed value Q201=-20 ;DEPTH
and retracts the tool by the calculated value during
chip breaking. If you enter Q256 = 0, the TNC retracts Q239=+1 ;PITCH
the tool completely from the hole (to the set-up Q203=+25 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
clearance) for chip release.
Q204=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
8 Angle for spindle orientation Q336 (absolute
value): Angle at which the TNC positions the tool Q257=5 ;DEPTH FOR CHIP BRKNG
before machining the thread. This allows you to Q256=+25 ;DIST. FOR CHIP BRKNG
regroove the thread, if required.
Q336=50 ;ANGLE OF SPINDLE
Retracting after a program interruption
If you interrupt program run during thread cutting with the machine
stop button, the TNC will display the soft key MANUAL OPERATION.
If you press the MANUAL OPERATION key, you can retract the tool
under program control. Simply press the positive axis direction button
of the active tool axis.

202 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling
Fundamentals of thread milling
Prerequisites
„ Your machine tool should feature internal spindle cooling (cooling
lubricant at least 30 bar, compressed air supply at least 6 bar).
„ Thread milling usually leads to distortions of the thread profile. To
correct this effect, you need tool-specific compensation values
which are given in the tool catalog or are available from the tool
manufacturer. You program the compensation with the delta value
for the tool radius DR in the tool call.
„ The Cycles 262, 263, 264 and 267 can only be used with rightward
rotating tools. For Cycle 265 you can use rightward and leftward
rotating tools.
„ The working direction is determined by the following input
parameters: Algebraic sign Q239 (+ = right-hand thread / – = left-
hand thread) and milling method Q351 (+1 = climb / –1 = up-cut).
The table below illustrates the interrelation between the individual
input parameters for rightward rotating tools.
Climb/Up-
Internal thread Pitch Work direction
cut
Right-handed + +1(RL) Z+

Left-handed – –1(RR) Z+

Right-handed + –1(RR) Z–

Left-handed – +1(RL) Z–

Climb/Up-
External thread Pitch Work direction
cut
Right-handed + +1(RL) Z–

Left-handed – –1(RR) Z–

Right-handed + –1(RR) Z+

Left-handed – +1(RL) Z+

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8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

Danger of collision!
Always program the same algebraic sign for the infeeds:
Cycles comprise several sequences of operation that are
independent of each other. The order of precedence
according to which the work direction is determined is
described with the individual cycles. For example, if you
only want to repeat the countersinking process of a cycle,
enter 0 for the thread depth. The work direction will then
be determined from the countersinking depth.
Procedure in case of a tool break
If a tool break occurs during thread cutting, stop the
program run, change to the Positioning with MDI
operating mode and move the tool in a linear path to the
hole center. You can then retract the tool in the infeed axis
and replace it.

The TNC references the programmed feed rate during

thread milling to the tool cutting edge. Since the TNC,
however, always displays the feed rate relative to the path
of the tool tip, the displayed value does not match the
programmed value.
The machining direction of the thread changes if you
execute a thread milling cycle in connection with Cycle 8
MIRRORING in only one axis.

204 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling
THREAD MILLING (Cycle 262)
1 The TNC positions the tool in the tool axis at rapid traverse FMAX
to the programmed set-up clearance above the workpiece surface.
2 The tool moves at the programmed feed rate for pre-positioning to
the starting plane. The starting plane is derived from the algebraic
sign of the thread pitch, the milling method (climb or up-cut milling)
and the number of threads per step.
3 The tool then approaches the thread diameter tangentially in a
helical movement. Before the helical approach, a compensating
motion of the tool axis is carried out in order to begin at the
programmed starting plane for the thread path.
4 Depending on the setting of the parameter for the number of
threads, the tool mills the thread in one helical movement, in
several offset movements or in one continuous movement.
5 After this, the tool departs the contour tangentially and returns to
the starting point in the working plane.
6 At the end of the cycle, the TNC retracts the tool at rapid traverse
to the set-up clearance, or—if programmed—to the 2nd set-up
clearance.

Before programming, note the following:

Program a positioning block for the starting point (hole
center) in the working plane with radius compensation R0.
The algebraic sign for the cycle parameter thread depth
determines the working direction. If you program the
thread DEPTH = 0, the cycle will not be executed.
The thread diameter is approached in a semi-circle from
the center. A pre-positioning movement to the side is
carried out if the pitch of the tool diameter is four times
smaller than the thread diameter.
Note that the TNC makes a compensating movement in
the tool axis before the approach movement. The length
of the compensating movement depends on the thread
pitch. Ensure sufficient space in the hole!

Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define

whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Danger of collision!
Keep in mind that the TNC reverses the calculation for pre-
positioning when a positive depth is entered. This
means that the tool moves at rapid traverse in the tool axis
at safety clearance below the workpiece surface!

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 205

8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

8 Nominal diameter Q335: Nominal thread diameter.

8 Thread pitch Q239: Pitch of the thread. The algebraic
sign differentiates between right-hand and left-hand
threads:
+ = right-hand thread
– = left-hand thread
8 Thread depth Q201 (incremental value): Distance
between workpiece surface and root of thread.
8 Threads per step Q355: Number of thread
revolutions by which the tool is offset, (see figure at
lower right):
0 = one 360° helical path to the depth of thread.
1 = continuous helical path over the entire length of
the thread
>1 = several helical paths with approach and
departure; between them, the TNC offsets the tool by
Q355, multiplied by the pitch.
8 Feed rate for pre-positioning Q253: Traversing
speed of the tool when moving in and out of the
workpiece, in mm/min.
8 Climb or up-cut Q351: Type of milling operation with
M03.
+1 = climb milling
–1 = up-cut milling
8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance
between tool tip and workpiece surface.
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute
value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface.
8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value):
Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can
occur. Example: NC blocks
8 Feed rate for milling Q207: Traversing speed of the 25 CYCL DEF 262 THREAD MILLING
tool in mm/min while milling.
Q335=10 ;NOMINAL DIAMETER
Q239=+1.5 ;PITCH
Q201=-20 ;THREAD DEPTH
Q355=0 ;THREADS PER STEP
Q253=750 ;F PRE-POSITIONING
Q351=+1 ;CLIMB OR UP-CUT
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q203=+30 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q207=500 ;FEED RATE FOR MILLING

206 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling
THREAD MILLING/COUNTERSINKING
(Cycle 263)
1 The TNC positions the tool in the tool axis at rapid traverse FMAX
to the programmed set-up clearance above the workpiece surface.
Countersinking
2 The tool moves at the feed rate for pre-positioning to the
countersinking depth minus the set-up clearance, and then at the
feed rate for countersinking to the countersinking depth.
3 If a safety clearance to the side has been entered, the TNC
immediately positions the tool at the feed rate for pre-positioning
to the countersinking depth.
4 Then, depending on the available space, the TNC makes a
tangential approach to the core diameter, either tangentially from
the center or with a pre-positioning move to the side, and follows
a circular path.
Countersinking at front
5 The tool moves at the feed rate for pre-positioning to the sinking
depth at front.
6 The TNC positions the tool without compensation from the center
on a semicircle to the offset at front, and then follows a circular
path at the feed rate for countersinking.
7 The tool then moves in a semicircle to the hole center.
Thread milling
8 The TNC moves the tool at the programmed feed rate for pre-
positioning to the starting plane for the thread. The starting plane
is determined from the thread pitch and the type of milling (climb
or up-cut).
9 Then the tool moves tangentially on a helical path to the thread
diameter and mills the thread with a 360° helical motion.
10 After this, the tool departs the contour tangentially and returns to
the starting point in the working plane.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 207

8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

11 At the end of the cycle, the TNC retracts the tool at rapid traverse
to the set-up clearance, or—if programmed—to the 2nd set-up
clearance.

Before programming, note the following:

Program a positioning block for the starting point (hole
center) in the working plane with radius compensation R0.
The algebraic sign of the cycle parameters depth of thread,
countersinking depth or sinking depth at front determines
the working direction. The working direction is defined in
the following sequence:
1st: Depth of thread
2nd: Countersinking depth
3rd: Depth at front
If you program a depth parameter to be 0, the TNC does
not execute that step.
If you want to countersink with the front of the tool, define
the countersinking depth as 0.
Program the thread depth as a value smaller than the
countersinking depth by at least one-third the thread pitch.

Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define

whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Danger of collision!
Keep in mind that the TNC reverses the calculation for pre-
positioning when a positive depth is entered. This
means that the tool moves at rapid traverse in the tool axis
at safety clearance below the workpiece surface!

208 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling
8 Nominal diameter Q335: Nominal thread diameter.
8 Thread pitch Q239: Pitch of the thread. The algebraic
sign differentiates between right-hand and left-hand
threads:
+ = right-hand thread
– = left-hand thread
8 Thread depth Q201 (incremental value): Distance
between workpiece surface and root of thread.
8 Countersinking depth Q356 (incremental value):
Distance between tool point and the top surface of
the workpiece.
8 Feed rate for pre-positioning Q253: Traversing
speed of the tool when moving in and out of the
workpiece, in mm/min.
8 Climb or up-cut Q351: Type of milling operation with
M03.
+1 = climb milling
–1 = up-cut milling
8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance
between tool tip and workpiece surface.
8 Set-up clearance to the side Q357 (incremental
value): Distance between tool tooth and the wall.
8 Depth at front Q358 (incremental value): Distance
between tool tip and the top surface of the workpiece
for countersinking at the front of the tool.
8 Countersinking offset at front Q359 (incremental
value): Distance by which the TNC moves the tool
center away from the hole center.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 209

 Example: NC blocks
8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute

value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface.
25 CYCL DEF 263 THREAD MLLNG/CNTSNKG
8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value):
Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision Q335=10 ;NOMINAL DIAMETER
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can Q239=+1.5 ;PITCH
occur.
Q201=-16 ;THREAD DEPTH
8 Feed rate for countersinking Q254: Traversing
speed of the tool during countersinking in mm/min. Q356=-20 ;COUNTERSINKING DEPTH
Q253=750 ;F PRE-POSITIONING
8 Feed rate for milling Q207: Traversing speed of the
tool in mm/min while milling. Q351=+1 ;CLIMB OR UP-CUT
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q357=0.2 ;CLEARANCE TO SIDE
Q358=+0 ;DEPTH AT FRONT
Q359=+0 ;OFFSET AT FRONT
Q203=+30 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q254=150 ;F COUNTERBORING
Q207=500 ;FEED RATE FOR MILLING

210 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling
THREAD DRILLING/MILLING (Cycle 264)
1 The TNC positions the tool in the tool axis at rapid traverse FMAX
to the programmed set-up clearance above the workpiece surface.
Drilling
2 The tool drills to the first plunging depth at the programmed feed
rate for plunging.
3 If you have programmed chip breaking, the tool then retracts by
the entered retraction value. If you are working without chip
breaking, the tool is moved at rapid traverse to the set-up
clearance and then at FMAX to the entered starting position above
the first plunging depth.
4 The tool then advances with another infeed at the programmed
feed rate.
5 The TNC repeats this process (2 to 4) until the programmed total
hole depth is reached.
Countersinking at front
6 The tool moves at the feed rate for pre-positioning to the sinking
depth at front.
7 The TNC positions the tool without compensation from the center
on a semicircle to the offset at front, and then follows a circular
path at the feed rate for countersinking.
8 The tool then moves in a semicircle to the hole center.
Thread milling
9 The TNC moves the tool at the programmed feed rate for pre-
positioning to the starting plane for the thread. The starting plane
is determined from the thread pitch and the type of milling (climb
or up-cut).
10 Then the tool moves tangentially on a helical path to the thread
diameter and mills the thread with a 360° helical motion.
11 After this, the tool departs the contour tangentially and returns to
the starting point in the working plane.
12 At the end of the cycle, the TNC retracts the tool at rapid traverse
to the set-up clearance, or—if programmed—to the 2nd set-up
clearance.

Before programming, note the following:

Program a positioning block for the starting point (hole
center) in the working plane with radius compensation R0.
The algebraic sign of the cycle parameters depth of thread,
countersinking depth or sinking depth at front determines
the working direction. The working direction is defined in
the following sequence:
1st: Depth of thread
2nd: Total hole depth
3rd: Depth at front
If you program a depth parameter to be 0, the TNC does
not execute that step.
Program the thread depth as a value smaller than the total
hole depth by at least one-third the thread pitch.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 211

8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define

whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Danger of collision!
Keep in mind that the TNC reverses the calculation for pre-
positioning when a positive depth is entered. This
means that the tool moves at rapid traverse in the tool axis
at safety clearance below the workpiece surface!

212 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling
8 Nominal diameter Q335: Nominal thread diameter.
8 Thread pitch Q239: Pitch of the thread. The algebraic
sign differentiates between right-hand and left-hand
threads:
+ = right-hand thread
– = left-hand thread
8 Thread depth Q201 (incremental value): Distance
between workpiece surface and root of thread.
8 Total hole depth Q356 (incremental value): Distance
between workpiece surface and bottom of hole.
8 Feed rate for pre-positioning Q253: Traversing
speed of the tool when moving in and out of the
workpiece, in mm/min.
8 Climb or up-cut Q351: Type of milling operation with
M03.
+1 = climb milling
–1 = up-cut milling
8 Plunging depth Q202 (incremental value): Infeed per
cut. The depth does not have to be a multiple of the
plunging depth. The TNC will go to depth in one
movement if:
„ the plunging depth is equal to the depth
„ the plunging depth is greater than the depth
8 Upper advanced stop distance Q258 (incremental
value): Set-up clearance for rapid traverse positioning
when the TNC moves the tool again to the current
plunging depth after retraction from the hole.
8 Infeed depth for chip breaking Q257 (incremental
value): Depth at which TNC carries out chip breaking.
There is no chip breaking if 0 is entered.
8 Retraction rate for chip breaking Q256
(incremental value): Value by which the TNC retracts
the tool during chip breaking.
8 Depth at front Q358 (incremental value): Distance
between tool tip and the top surface of the workpiece
for countersinking at the front of the tool.
8 Countersinking offset at front Q359 (incremental
value): Distance by which the TNC moves the tool
center away from the hole center.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 213

 Example: NC blocks
8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance

between tool tip and workpiece surface.
25 CYCL DEF 264 THREAD DRILLNG/MLLNG
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute
value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface. Q335=10 ;NOMINAL DIAMETER

8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value): Q239=+1.5 ;PITCH

Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision Q201=-16 ;THREAD DEPTH
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can
occur. Q356=-20 ;TOTAL HOLE DEPTH
Q253=750 ;F PRE-POSITIONING
8 Feed rate for plunging Q206: Traversing speed of
the tool during drilling in mm/min. Q351=+1 ;CLIMB OR UP-CUT
8 Feed rate for milling Q207: Traversing speed of the Q202=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
tool in mm/min while milling. Q258=0.2 ;ADVANCED STOP DISTANCE
Q257=5 ;DEPTH FOR CHIP BRKNG
Q256=0.2 ;DIST. FOR CHIP BRKNG
Q358=+0 ;DEPTH AT FRONT
Q359=+0 ;OFFSET AT FRONT
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q203=+30 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q206=150 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
Q207=500 ;FEED RATE FOR MILLING

214 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling
HELICAL THREAD DRILLING/MILLING
(Cycle 265)
1 The TNC positions the tool in the tool axis at rapid traverse FMAX
to the programmed set-up clearance above the workpiece surface.
Countersinking at front
2 If countersinking is before thread milling, the tool moves at the
feed rate for countersinking to the sinking depth at front. If
countersinking is after thread milling, the tool moves at the feed
rate for pre-positioning to the countersinking depth.
3 The TNC positions the tool without compensation from the center
on a semicircle to the offset at front, and then follows a circular
path at the feed rate for countersinking.
4 The tool then moves in a semicircle to the hole center.
Thread milling
5 The tool moves at the programmed feed rate for pre-positioning to
the starting plane for the thread.
6 The tool then approaches the thread diameter tangentially in a
helical movement.
7 The tool moves on a continuous helical downward path until it
reaches the thread depth.
8 After this, the tool departs the contour tangentially and returns to
the starting point in the working plane.
9 At the end of the cycle, the TNC retracts the tool in rapid traverse
to set-up clearance, or—if programmed—to the 2nd set-up
clearance.

Before programming, note the following:

Program a positioning block for the starting point (hole
center) in the working plane with radius compensation R0.
The algebraic sign of the cycle parameters depth of thread
or sinking depth at front determines the working direction.
The working direction is defined in the following
sequence:
1st: Depth of thread
2nd: Depth at front
If you program a depth parameter to be 0, the TNC does
not execute that step.
The type of milling (up-cut/climb) is determined by the
thread (right-hand/left-hand) and the direction of tool
rotation, since it is only possible to work in the direction of
the tool.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 215

8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define

whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Danger of collision!
Keep in mind that the TNC reverses the calculation for pre-
positioning when a positive depth is entered. This
means that the tool moves at rapid traverse in the tool axis
at safety clearance below the workpiece surface!

216 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling
8 Nominal diameter Q335: Nominal thread diameter.
8 Thread pitch Q239: Pitch of the thread. The algebraic
sign differentiates between right-hand and left-hand
threads:
+ = right-hand thread
– = left-hand thread
8 Thread depth Q201 (incremental value): Distance
between workpiece surface and root of thread.
8 Feed rate for pre-positioning Q253: Traversing
speed of the tool when moving in and out of the
workpiece, in mm/min.
8 Depth at front Q358 (incremental value): Distance
between tool tip and the top surface of the workpiece
for countersinking at the front of the tool.
8 Countersinking offset at front Q359 (incremental
value): Distance by which the TNC moves the tool
center away from the hole center.
8 Countersink Q360: Execution of the chamfer
0 = before thread machining
1 = after thread machining
8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance
between tool tip and workpiece surface.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 217

 Example: NC blocks
8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute

value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface.
25 CYCL DEF 265 HEL. THREAD DRLG/MLG
8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value):
Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision Q335=10 ;NOMINAL DIAMETER
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can Q239=+1.5 ;PITCH
occur.
Q201=-16 ;THREAD DEPTH
8 Feed rate for countersinking Q254: Traversing
speed of the tool during countersinking in mm/min. Q253=750 ;F PRE-POSITIONING
Q358=+0 ;DEPTH AT FRONT
8 Feed rate for milling Q207: Traversing speed of the
tool in mm/min while milling. Q359=+0 ;OFFSET AT FRONT
Q360=0 ;COUNTERSINKING
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q203=+30 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q254=150 ;F COUNTERBORING
Q207=500 ;FEED RATE FOR MILLING

218 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling
OUTSIDE THREAD MILLING (Cycle 267)
1 The TNC positions the tool in the tool axis at rapid traverse FMAX
to the programmed set-up clearance above the workpiece surface.
Countersinking at front
2 The TNC moves in the reference axis of the working plane from
the center of the stud to the starting point for countersinking at
front. The position of the starting point is determined by the thread
radius, tool radius and pitch.
3 The tool moves at the feed rate for pre-positioning to the sinking
depth at front.
4 The TNC positions the tool without compensation from the center
on a semicircle to the offset at front, and then follows a circular
path at the feed rate for countersinking.
5 The tool then moves on a semicircle to the starting point.
Thread milling
6 The TNC positions the tool to the starting point if there has been
no previous countersinking at front. Starting point for thread milling
= starting point for countersinking at front.
7 The tool moves at the programmed feed rate for pre-positioning to
the starting plane. The starting plane is derived from the algebraic
sign of the thread pitch, the milling method (climb or up-cut milling)
and the number of threads per step.
8 The tool then approaches the thread diameter tangentially in a
helical movement.
9 Depending on the setting of the parameter for the number of
threads, the tool mills the thread in one helical movement, in
several offset movements or in one continuous movement.
10 After this, the tool departs the contour tangentially and returns to
the starting point in the working plane.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 219

8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

11 At the end of the cycle, the TNC retracts the tool at rapid traverse
to the set-up clearance, or—if programmed—to the 2nd set-up
clearance.

Before programming, note the following:

Program a positioning block for the starting point (stud
center) in the working plane with radius compensation R0.
The offset required before countersinking at the front
should be determined ahead of time. You must enter the
value from the center of the stud to the center of the tool
(uncorrected value).
The algebraic sign of the cycle parameters depth of thread
or sinking depth at front determines the working direction.
The working direction is defined in the following
sequence:
1st: Depth of thread
2nd: Depth at front
If you program a depth parameter to be 0, the TNC does
not execute that step.
The algebraic sign for the cycle parameter thread depth
determines the working direction.

Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define

whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Danger of collision!
Keep in mind that the TNC reverses the calculation for pre-
positioning when a positive depth is entered. This
means that the tool moves at rapid traverse in the tool axis
at safety clearance below the workpiece surface!

220 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling
8 Nominal diameter Q335: Nominal thread diameter.
8 Thread pitch Q239: Pitch of the thread. The algebraic
sign differentiates between right-hand and left-hand
threads:
+ = right-hand thread
– = left-hand thread
8 Thread depth Q201 (incremental value): Distance
between workpiece surface and root of thread.
8 Threads per step Q355: Number of thread
revolutions by which the tool is offset, see figure at
lower right:
0 = one helical line to the thread depth
1 = continuous helical path over the entire length of
the thread
>1 = several helical paths with approach and
departure; between them, the TNC offsets the tool by
Q355, multiplied by the pitch.
8 Feed rate for pre-positioning Q253: Traversing
speed of the tool when moving in and out of the
workpiece, in mm/min.
8 Climb or up-cut Q351: Type of milling operation with
M03.
+1 = climb milling
–1 = up-cut milling

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 221

 Example: NC blocks
8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance

between tool tip and workpiece surface.
25 CYCL DEF 267 OUTSIDE THREAD MLLNG
8 Depth at front Q358 (incremental value): Distance
between tool tip and the top surface of the workpiece Q335=10 ;NOMINAL DIAMETER
for countersinking at the front of the tool. Q239=+1.5 ;PITCH
8 Countersinking offset at front Q359 (incremental Q201=-20 ;THREAD DEPTH
value): Distance by which the TNC moves the tool
center away from the stud center. Q355=0 ;THREADS PER STEP
Q253=750 ;F PRE-POSITIONING
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute
value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface. Q351=+1 ;CLIMB OR UP-CUT
8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value): Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision Q358=+0 ;DEPTH AT FRONT
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can
occur. Q359=+0 ;OFFSET AT FRONT
8 Feed rate for countersinking Q254: Traversing Q203=+30 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
speed of the tool during countersinking in mm/min. Q204=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
8 Feed rate for milling Q207: Traversing speed of the Q254=150 ;F COUNTERBORING
tool in mm/min while milling.
Q207=500 ;FEED RATE FOR MILLING

222 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling
Example: Drilling cycles

Y
100
90

10

X
10 20 80 90 100

0 BEGIN PGM C200 MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20 Define the workpiece blank
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+3 Define the tool
4 TOOL CALL 1 Z S4500 Tool call
5 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool
6 CYCL DEF 200 DRILLING Define cycle
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q201=-15 ;DEPTH
Q206=250 ;FEED RATE FOR PLNGNG
Q202=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
Q210=0 ;DWELL TIME AT TOP
Q203=-10 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=20 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q211=0.2 ;DWELL TIME AT DEPTH

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 223

8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling

7 L X+10 Y+10 R0 FMAX M3 Approach hole 1, spindle ON

8 CYCL CALL Call the cycle
9 L Y+90 R0 FMAX M99 Approach hole 2, call cycle
10 L X+90 R0 FMAX M99 Approach hole 3, call cycle
11 L Y+10 R0 FMAX M99 Approach hole 4, call cycle
12 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program
13 END PGM C200 MM

224 8 Programming: Cycles

8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets,

8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots

Studs and Slots
Overview

Cycle Soft key

4 POCKET MILLING (rectangular)
Roughing cycle without automatic pre-positioning

212 POCKET FINISHING (rectangular)

Finishing cycle with automatic pre-positioning,
2nd set-up clearance

213 STUD FINISHING (rectangular)

Finishing cycle with automatic pre-positioning,
2nd set-up clearance

5 CIRCULAR POCKET
Roughing cycle without automatic pre-positioning

214 C. POCKET FINISHING

Finishing cycle with automatic pre-positioning,
2nd set-up clearance

215 CIRCULAR STUD FINISHING

Finishing cycle with automatic pre-positioning,
2nd set-up clearance

210 SLOT RECIP. PLNG

Roughing/finishing cycle with automatic pre-
positioning, with reciprocating plunge infeed

211 CIRCULAR SLOT

Roughing/finishing cycle with automatic pre-
positioning, with reciprocating plunge infeed

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 225

8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots

POCKET MILLING (Cycle 4)

Cycles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 17, 18 are in a group of cycles called special cycles.
Here in the second soft-key row, select the OLD CYCLS soft key.
1 The tool penetrates the workpiece at the starting position (pocket 51
center) and advances to the first plunging depth.
2 The cutter begins milling in the positive axis direction of the longer 41
side (on square pockets, always starting in the positive Y direction) Z
and then roughs out the pocket from the inside out.
3 This process (1 to 2) is repeated until the depth is reached. 1
4 At the end of the cycle, the TNC retracts the tool to the starting
position. 31 X
21
Before programming, note the following:
This cycle requires a center-cut end mill (ISO 1641), or pilot
drilling at the pocket center.
Pre-position over the pocket center with radius
compensation R0.
Program a positioning block for the starting point in the
tool axis (set-up clearance above the workpiece surface).
The algebraic sign for the cycle parameter DEPTH
determines the working direction. If you program
DEPTH = 0, the cycle will not be executed.
The following prerequisite applies for the 2nd side length:
2nd side length greater than [(2 x rounding radius) +
stepover factor k].

Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define

whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Danger of collision!

Example: NC blocks

11 L Z+100 R0 FMAX
12 CYCL DEF 4.0 POCKET MILLING
13 CYCL DEF 2.1 SETUP 2
14 CYCL DEF 4.2 DEPTH -10
15 CYCL DEF 4.3 PECKG 4 F80
16 CYCL DEF 4.4 X80
17 CYCL DEF 4.5 Y40
18 CYCL DEF 4.6 F100 DR+ RADIUS 10
19 L X+60 Y+35 FMAX M3
20 L Z+2 FMAX M99

226 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots
8 Set-up clearance 1 (incremental value): Distance
between tool tip (at starting position) and workpiece
surface.
8 Depth 2 (incremental value): Distance between
workpiece surface and bottom of pocket
8 Plunging depth 3 (incremental value): Infeed per cut
The TNC will go to depth in one movement if:
„ the plunging depth is equal to the depth
„ the plunging depth is greater than the depth
8 Feed rate for plunging: Traversing speed of the tool
during penetration
8 First side length 4 (incremental value): Pocket
length, parallel to the reference axis of the working
plane
8 2nd side length 5: Pocket width
8 Feed rate F: Traversing speed of the tool in the
working plane
8 Clockwise
DR +: Climb milling with M3
DR –: Up-cut milling with M3
8 Rounding radius: Radius for the pocket corners.
If radius = 0 is entered, the pocket corners will be
rounded with the radius of the cutter.
Calculations:
Stepover factor k = K x R

K: Overlap factor, preset in the PocketOverlap machine parameter

R: Cutter radius

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 227

8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots

POCKET FINISHING (Cycle 212)

1 The TNC M automatically moves the tool in the tool axis to the set-
up clearance, or—if programmed—to the 2nd set-up clearance,
and subsequently to the center of the pocket.
2 From the pocket center, the tool moves in the working plane to the
starting point for machining. The TNC takes the allowance and tool
radius into account for calculating the starting point. If necessary,
the TNC penetrates at the pocket center.
3 If the tool is at the 2nd set-up clearance, it moves at rapid traverse
FMAX to the set-up clearance, and from there advances to the first
plunging depth at the feed rate for plunging.
4 The tool then moves tangentially to the contour of the finished part
and, using climb milling, machines one revolution.
5 The tool then departs the contour on a tangential path and returns
to the starting point in the working plane.
6 This process (3 to 5) is repeated until the programmed depth is
reached.
7 At the end of the cycle, the TNC retracts the tool at rapid traverse
to the set-up clearance, or—if programmed—to the 2nd set-up
clearance, and finally to the center of the pocket (end position =
starting position).
Q206
Before programming, note the following: Z
The TNC automatically pre-positions the tool in the tool
axis and working plane. Q204
Q200
The algebraic sign for the cycle parameter DEPTH Q203
determines the working direction. If you program Q202
DEPTH = 0, the cycle will not be executed. Q201

If you want to clear and finish the pocket with the same
tool, use a center-cut end mill (ISO 1641) and enter a low
feed rate for plunging.
X
Minimum size of the pocket: 3 times the tool radius.

Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define Y

whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should Q218
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Danger of collision!
Keep in mind that the TNC reverses the calculation for pre-
Q
22

positioning when a positive depth is entered. This

0

Q219

means that the tool moves at rapid traverse in the tool axis Q217
Q207
at safety clearance below the workpiece surface!

X
Q216 Q221

228 8 Programming: Cycles

 Example: NC blocks

8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots

8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance
between tool tip and workpiece surface.
354 CYCL DEF 212 POCKET FINISHING
8 Depth Q201 (incremental value): Distance between
workpiece surface and bottom of pocket. Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE

8 Feed rate for plunging Q206: Traversing speed of Q201=-20 ;DEPTH

the tool in mm/min when moving to depth. If you are Q206=150 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
plunge-cutting into the material, enter a value lower
than that defined in Q207. Q202=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
Q207=500 ;FEED RATE FOR MILLING
8 Plunging depth Q202 (incremental value): Infeed per
cut. Enter a value greater than 0. Q203=+30 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
8 Feed rate for milling Q207: Traversing speed of the Q204=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
tool in mm/min while milling. Q216=+50 ;CENTER IN 1ST AXIS
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute Q217=+50 ;CENTER IN 2ND AXIS
value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface.
Q218=80 ;FIRST SIDE LENGTH
8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value):
Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision Q219=60 ;SECOND SIDE LENGTH
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can Q220=5 ;CORNER RADIUS
occur.
Q221=0 ;OVERSIZE
8 Center in 1st axis Q216 (absolute value): Center of
the pocket in the reference axis of the working plane.
8 Center in 2nd axis Q217 (absolute value): Center of
the pocket in the minor axis of the working plane.
8 First side length Q218 (incremental value): Pocket
length, parallel to the reference axis of the working
plane.
8 Second side length Q219 (incremental value): Pocket
length, parallel to the minor axis of the working plane
8 Corner radius Q220: Radius of the pocket corner: If
you make no entry here, the TNC assumes that the
corner radius is equal to the tool radius.
8 Allowance in 1st axis Q221 (incremental value):
Allowance for pre-positioning in the reference axis of
the working plane referenced to the length of the
pocket.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 229

8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots

STUD FINISHING (Cycle 213)

1 The TNC moves the tool in the tool axis to the set-up clearance,
or—if programmed—to the 2nd set-up clearance, and Y
subsequently to the center of the stud.
2 From the stud center, the tool moves in the working plane to the
starting point for machining. The starting point lies to the right of
the stud by a distance approx. 3.5 times the tool radius.
3 If the tool is at the 2nd set-up clearance, it moves at rapid traverse
FMAX to the set-up clearance, and from there advances to the first
plunging depth at the feed rate for plunging.
4 The tool then moves tangentially to the contour of the finished part
and, using climb milling, machines one revolution.
5 The tool then departs the contour on a tangential path and returns
to the starting point in the working plane.
6 This process (3 to 5) is repeated until the programmed depth is X
reached.
7 At the end of the cycle, the TNC retracts the tool in FMAX to set-
up clearance, or—if programmed—to the 2nd set-up clearance,
and finally to the center of the stud (end position = starting
position).

Before programming, note the following: Q206

The TNC automatically pre-positions the tool in the tool Z
axis and working plane.
The algebraic sign for the cycle parameter DEPTH Q200 Q204
determines the working direction. If you program Q203
Q202
DEPTH = 0, the cycle will not be executed.
Q201
If you want to clear and finish the stud with the same tool,
use a center-cut end mill (ISO 1641) and enter a low feed
rate for plunging.

X
Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define
whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Y Q218
Danger of collision!
Keep in mind that the TNC reverses the calculation for pre-
positioning when a positive depth is entered. This
means that the tool moves at rapid traverse in the tool axis
Q

at safety clearance below the workpiece surface! Q207

22
0

Q219

Q217

X
Q216 Q221

230 8 Programming: Cycles

 Example: NC blocks

8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots

8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance
between tool tip and workpiece surface.
35 CYCL DEF 213 STUD FINISHING
8 Depth Q201 (incremental value): Distance between
workpiece surface and bottom of stud. Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE

8 Feed rate for plunging Q206: Traversing speed of Q291=-20 ;DEPTH

the tool in mm/min when moving to depth. If you are Q206=150 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
plunge-cutting into the material, enter a low value; if
you have already cleared the stud, enter a higher feed Q202=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
rate. Q207=500 ;FEED RATE FOR MILLING
8 Plunging depth Q202 (incremental value): Infeed per Q203=+30 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
cut. Enter a value greater than 0.
Q294=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
8 Feed rate for milling Q207: Traversing speed of the Q216=+50 ;CENTER IN 1ST AXIS
tool in mm/min while milling.
Q217=+50 ;CENTER IN 2ND AXIS
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute
value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface. Q218=80 ;FIRST SIDE LENGTH

8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value): Q219=60 ;SECOND SIDE LENGTH
Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision Q220=5 ;CORNER RADIUS
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can
occur. Q221=0 ;OVERSIZE

8 Center in 1st axis Q216 (absolute value): Center of

the stud in the reference axis of the working plane.
8 Center in 2nd axis Q217 (absolute value): Center of
the stud in the minor axis of the working plane.
8 First side length Q218 (incremental value): Length
of stud parallel to the reference axis of the working
plane.
8 Second side length Q219 (incremental value): Length
of stud parallel to the secondary axis of the working
plane.
8 Corner radius Q220: Radius of the stud corner.
8 Allowance in 1st axis Q221 (incremental value):
Allowance for pre-positioning in the reference axis of
the working plane referenced to the length of the
stud.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 231

8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots

CIRCULAR POCKET (Cycle 5)

Cycles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 17, 18 are in a group of cycles called special cycles.
Here in the second soft-key row, select the OLD CYCLS soft key. Y
1 The tool penetrates the workpiece at the starting position (pocket
center) and advances to the first plunging depth.
2 The tool subsequently follows a spiral path at the feed rate F - see
figure at right. For calculating the stepover factor k, ’FF˜‰˜
   ˜|©4dF˜T}Š:˜z"VF˜¢¢–.
3 This process is repeated until the depth is reached.
4 At the end of the cycle, the TNC retracts the tool to the starting
position.

Before programming, note the following:

This cycle requires a center-cut end mill (ISO 1641), or pilot
drilling at the pocket center.
X
Pre-position over the pocket center with radius
compensation R0.
Program a positioning block for the starting point in the tool
axis (set-up clearance above the workpiece surface).
The algebraic sign for the cycle parameter DEPTH
determines the working direction. If you program Z
DEPTH = 0, the cycle will not be executed.
1
Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define
whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should 31 X
output an error message (on) or not (off). 21

Danger of collision!

8 Set-up clearance 1 (incremental value): Distance

between tool tip (at starting position) and workpiece
surface.
8 Milling depth 2: Distance between workpiece
surface and bottom of pocket.
8 Plunging depth 3 (incremental value): Infeed per cut
The TNC will go to depth in one movement if:
„ the plunging depth is equal to the depth
„ the plunging depth is greater than the depth

232 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots
8 Feed rate for plunging: Traversing speed of the tool
during penetration
8 Circular radius: Radius of the circular pocket
8 Feed rate F: Traversing speed of the tool in the
working plane.
8 Clockwise
DR +: Climb milling with M3
DR –: Up-cut milling with M3

Example: NC blocks

16 L Z+100 R0 FMAX
17 CYCL DEF 5.0 CIRCULAR POCKET
18 CYCL DEF 5.1 SETUP 2
19 CYCL DEF 5.2 DEPTH -12
20 CYCL DEF 5.3 PECKG 6 F80
21 CYCL DEF 5.4 RADIUS 35
22 CYCL DEF 5.5 F100 DR+
23 L X+60 Y+50 FMAX M3
24 L Z+2 FMAX M99

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 233

8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots

CIRCULAR POCKET FINISHING (Cycle 214)

1 The TNC M automatically moves the tool in the tool axis to the set-
up clearance, or—if programmed—to the 2nd set-up clearance, Y
and subsequently to the center of the pocket.
2 From the pocket center, the tool moves in the working plane to the
starting point for machining. The TNC takes the workpiece blank
diameter and tool radius into account for calculating the starting
point. If you enter a workpiece blank diameter of 0, the TNC
plunge-cuts into the pocket center.
3 If the tool is at the 2nd set-up clearance, it moves at rapid traverse
FMAX to the set-up clearance, and from there advances to the first
plunging depth at the feed rate for plunging.
4 The tool then moves tangentially to the contour of the finished part
and, using climb milling, machines one revolution.
5 After this, the tool departs the contour tangentially and returns to X
the starting point in the working plane.
6 This process (3 to 5) is repeated until the programmed depth is
reached.
7 At the end of the cycle, the TNC retracts the tool at FMAX to the
set-up clearance, or, if programmed, to the
2nd set-up clearance and then to the center of the pocket (end
position = starting position). Q206
Z
Before programming, note the following:
The TNC automatically pre-positions the tool in the tool Q204
Q200
axis and working plane. Q203
The algebraic sign for the cycle parameter DEPTH Q202
determines the working direction. If you program Q201
DEPTH = 0, the cycle will not be executed.
If you want to clear and finish the pocket with the same
tool, use a center-cut end mill (ISO 1641) and enter a low
feed rate for plunging. X

Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define

whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should Y
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Danger of collision!
Keep in mind that the TNC reverses the calculation for pre- Q207
positioning when a positive depth is entered. This
Q222
Q223

means that the tool moves at rapid traverse in the tool axis Q217
at safety clearance below the workpiece surface!

X
Q216

234 8 Programming: Cycles

 Example: NC blocks

8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots

8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance
between tool tip and workpiece surface.
42 CYCL DEF 214 C. POCKET FINISHING
8 Depth Q201 (incremental value): Distance between
workpiece surface and bottom of pocket. Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE

8 Feed rate for plunging Q206: Traversing speed of Q201=-20 ;DEPTH

the tool in mm/min when moving to depth. If you are Q206=150 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
plunge-cutting into the material, enter a value lower
than that defined in Q207. Q202=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
Q207=500 ;FEED RATE FOR MILLING
8 Plunging depth Q202 (incremental value): Infeed per
cut. Q203=+30 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
8 Feed rate for milling Q207: Traversing speed of the Q204=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
tool in mm/min while milling. Q216=+50 ;CENTER IN 1ST AXIS
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute Q217=+50 ;CENTER IN 2ND AXIS
value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface.
Q222=79 ;WORKPIECE BLANK DIA.
8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value):
Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision Q223=80 ;FINISHED PART DIA.
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can
occur.
8 Center in 1st axis Q216 (absolute value): Center of
the pocket in the reference axis of the working plane.
8 Center in 2nd axis Q217 (absolute value): Center of
the pocket in the minor axis of the working plane.
8 Workpiece blank diameter Q222: Diameter of the
premachined pocket for calculating the pre-position.
Enter the workpiece blank diameter to be less than
the diameter of the finished part.
8 Finished part diameter Q223: Diameter of the
finished pocket. Enter the diameter of the finished
part to be greater than the workpiece blank diameter
and greater than the tool diameter.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 235

8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots

CIRCULAR STUD FINISHING (Cycle 215)

1 The TNC automatically moves the tool in the tool axis to the set-up
clearance, or—if programmed—to the 2nd set-up clearance, and Y
subsequently to the center of the pocket.
2 From the stud center, the tool moves in the working plane to the
starting point for machining. The starting point lies to the right of
the stud at a distance of approx. twice the tool radius.
3 If the tool is at the 2nd set-up clearance, it moves at rapid traverse
FMAX to the set-up clearance, and from there advances to the first
plunging depth at the feed rate for plunging.
4 The tool then moves tangentially to the contour of the finished part
and, using climb milling, machines one revolution.
5 The tool then departs the contour on a tangential path and returns
to the starting point in the working plane.
6 This process (3 to 5) is repeated until the programmed depth is X
reached.
7 At the end of the cycle, the TNC retracts the tool at FMAX to the
set-up clearance, or—if programmed—to the 2nd set-up
clearance, and finally to the center of the pocket (end position =
starting position).

Before programming, note the following: Q206

The TNC automatically pre-positions the tool in the tool Z
axis and working plane.
The algebraic sign for the cycle parameter DEPTH Q200 Q204
determines the working direction. If you program Q203
Q202
DEPTH = 0, the cycle will not be executed.
Q201
If you want to clear and finish the stud with the same tool,
use a center-cut end mill (ISO 1641) and enter a low feed
rate for plunging.

X
Danger of collision!
Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define
whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should Y
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Keep in mind that the TNC reverses the calculation for pre- Q207
positioning when a positive depth is entered. This
means that the tool moves at rapid traverse in the tool axis
at safety clearance below the workpiece surface!
Q223
Q222

Q217

X
Q216

236 8 Programming: Cycles

 Example: NC blocks

8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots

8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance
between tool tip and workpiece surface.
43 CYCL DEF 215 C. STUD FINISHING
8 Depth Q201 (incremental value): Distance between
workpiece surface and bottom of stud. Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE

8 Feed rate for plunging Q206: Traversing speed of Q201=-20 ;DEPTH

the tool in mm/min when moving to depth. If you are Q206=150 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
plunge-cutting into the material, enter a low value; if
you have already cleared the stud, enter a higher feed Q202=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
rate. Q207=500 ;FEED RATE FOR MILLING
8 Plunging depth Q202 (incremental value): Infeed per Q203=+30 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
cut. Enter a value greater than 0.
Q204=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
8 Feed rate for milling Q207: Traversing speed of the Q216=+50 ;CENTER IN 1ST AXIS
tool in mm/min while milling.
Q217=+50 ;CENTER IN 2ND AXIS
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute
value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface. Q222=81 ;WORKPIECE BLANK DIA.

8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value): Q223=80 ;FINISHED PART DIA.
Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can
occur.
8 Center in 1st axis Q216 (absolute value): Center of
the stud in the reference axis of the working plane.
8 Center in 2nd axis Q217 (absolute value): Center of
the stud in the minor axis of the working plane.
8 Workpiece blank diameter Q222: Diameter of the
premachined stud for calculating the pre-position.
Enter the workpiece blank diameter to be greater
than the diameter of the finished part.
8 Diameter of finished part Q223: Diameter of the
finished stud. Enter the diameter of the finished part
to be less than the workpiece blank diameter.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 237

8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots

SLOT (oblong hole) with reciprocating plunge-

cut (Cycle 210)
Roughing
1 At rapid traverse, the TNC positions the tool in the tool axis to the
2nd set-up clearance and subsequently to the center of the left
circle. From there, the TNC positions the tool to the set-up
clearance above the workpiece surface.
2 The tool moves at the feed rate for milling to the workpiece
surface. From there, the cutter advances in the longitudinal
direction of the slot—plunge-cutting obliquely into the material—
until it reaches the center of the right circle.
3 The tool then moves back to the center of the left circle, again with
oblique plunge-cutting. This process is repeated until the
programmed milling depth is reached.
4 At the milling depth, the TNC moves the tool for the purpose of
face milling to the other end of the slot and then back to the center
of the slot.
Finishing
5 The TNC positions the tool in the center of the left circle and then
moves it tangentially in a semicircle to the left end of the slot. The
tool subsequently climb mills the contour (with M3), and if so
entered, in more than one infeed.
6 When the tool reaches the end of the contour, it departs the
contour tangentially and returns to the center of the left circle.
7 At the end of the cycle, the tool is retracted at rapid traverse FMAX
to the set-up clearance and—if programmed—to the 2nd set-up
clearance.

Before programming, note the following:

The TNC automatically pre-positions the tool in the tool
axis and working plane.
During roughing the tool plunges into the material with a
sideward reciprocating motion from one end of the slot to
the other. Pilot drilling is therefore unnecessary.
The algebraic sign for the cycle parameter DEPTH
determines the working direction. If you program
DEPTH = 0, the cycle will not be executed.
The cutter diameter must not be larger than the slot width
and not smaller than a third of the slot width.
The cutter diameter must be smaller than half the slot
length. The TNC otherwise cannot execute this cycle.

238 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots
Danger of collision!
Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define
whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Keep in mind that the TNC reverses the calculation for pre-
positioning when a positive depth is entered. This
means that the tool moves at rapid traverse in the tool axis
at safety clearance below the workpiece surface!

8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance

between tool tip and workpiece surface.
8 Depth Q201 (incremental value): Distance between
workpiece surface and bottom of slot.
8 Feed rate for milling Q207: Traversing speed of the Z
tool in mm/min while milling. Q207

8 Plunging depth Q202 (incremental value): Total Q200 Q204

extent by which the tool is fed in the tool axis during Q203
a reciprocating movement. Q202
8 Machining operation (0/1/2) Q215: Define the Q201
machining operation:
0: Roughing and finishing
1: Only roughing
2: Only finishing X
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute
value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface.
8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value): Y
Z coordinate at which no collision between tool and
workpiece (clamping devices) can occur.
8 Center in 1st axis Q216 (absolute value): Center of Q218
the slot in the reference axis of the working plane.
Q224
8 Center in 2nd axis Q217 (absolute value): Center of Q217
the slot in the minor axis of the working plane.
Q219

8 First side length Q218 (value parallel to the

reference axis of the working plane): Enter the length
of the slot.
8 Second side length Q219 (value parallel to the X
secondary axis of the working plane): Enter the slot Q216
width. If you enter a slot width that equals the tool
diameter, the TNC will carry out the roughing process
only (slot milling).

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 239

 Example: NC blocks
8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots

8 Angle of rotation Q224 (absolute value): Angle by

which the entire slot is rotated. The center of rotation
lies in the center of the slot. 51 CYCL DEF 210 SLOT RECIP. PLNG

8 Infeed for finishing Q338 (incremental value): Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE

Infeed per cut. Q338=0: Finishing in one infeed. Q201=-20 ;DEPTH
8 Feed rate for plunging Q206: Traversing speed of Q207=500 ;FEED RATE FOR MILLING
the tool while moving to depth in mm/min. Effective
only during finishing if infeed for finishing is entered. Q202=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
Q215=0 ;MACHINING OPERATION
Q203=+30 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q216=+50 ;CENTER IN 1ST AXIS
Q217=+50 ;CENTER IN 2ND AXIS
Q218=80 ;FIRST SIDE LENGTH
Q219=12 ;SECOND SIDE LENGTH
Q224=+15 ;ANGLE OF ROTATION
Q338=5 ;INFEED FOR FINISHING
Q206=150 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING

240 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots
CIRCULAR SLOT (oblong hole) with
reciprocating plunge-cut (Cycle 211)
Roughing
1 At rapid traverse, the TNC positions the tool in the tool axis to the
2nd set-up clearance and subsequently to the center of the right
circle. From there, the tool is positioned to the programmed set-up
clearance above the workpiece surface.
2 The tool moves at the milling feed rate to the workpiece surface.
From there, the cutter advances—plunge-cutting obliquely into the
material—to the other end of the slot.
3 The tool then moves at a downward angle back to the starting
point, again with oblique plunge-cutting. This process (steps 2 to
3) is repeated until the programmed milling depth is reached.
4 For the purpose of face milling, the TNC moves the tool at the
milling depth to the other end of the slot.
Finishing
5 The TNC advances the tool from the slot center tangentially to the
contour of the finished part. The tool subsequently climb mills the
contour (with M3), and if so entered, in more than one infeed. The
starting point for the finishing process is the center of the right
circle.
6 When the tool reaches the end of the contour, it departs the
contour tangentially.
7 At the end of the cycle, the tool is retracted at rapid traverse FMAX
to the set-up clearance and—if programmed—to the 2nd set-up
clearance.

Before programming, note the following:

The TNC automatically pre-positions the tool in the tool
axis and working plane.
During roughing the tool plunges into the material with a
helical sideward reciprocating motion from one end of the
slot to the other. Pilot drilling is therefore unnecessary.
The algebraic sign for the cycle parameter DEPTH
determines the working direction. If you program
DEPTH = 0, the cycle will not be executed.
The cutter diameter must not be larger than the slot width
and not smaller than a third of the slot width.
The cutter diameter must be smaller than half the slot
length. The TNC otherwise cannot execute this cycle.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 241

8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots

Use the machine parameter suppressDepthErr to define

whether, if a positive depth is entered, the TNC should
output an error message (on) or not (off).
Danger of collision!
Keep in mind that the TNC reverses the calculation for pre-
positioning when a positive depth is entered. This
means that the tool moves at rapid traverse in the tool axis
at safety clearance below the workpiece surface!

8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance

between tool tip and workpiece surface.
8 Depth Q201 (incremental value): Distance between
workpiece surface and bottom of slot.
Z
8 Feed rate for milling Q207: Traversing speed of the
tool in mm/min while milling. Q207
Q204
8 Plunging depth Q202 (incremental value): Total Q200
extent by which the tool is fed in the tool axis during Q203
a reciprocating movement. Q202
8 Machining operation (0/1/2) Q215: Define the Q201
machining operation:
0: Roughing and finishing
1: Only roughing
2: Only finishing X
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute
value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface.
Y
8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value):
Z coordinate at which no collision between tool and
workpiece (clamping devices) can occur.
8 Center in 1st axis Q216 (absolute value): Center of Q248
Q219
the slot in the reference axis of the working plane. Q24
4 Q245
8 Center in 2nd axis Q217 (absolute value): Center of Q217
the slot in the minor axis of the working plane.
8 Pitch circle diameter Q244: Enter the diameter of
the pitch circle.
8 Second side length Q219: Enter the slot width. If you
enter a slot width that equals the tool diameter, the
TNC will carry out the roughing process only (slot X
Q216
milling).
8 Starting angle Q245 (absolute value): Enter the polar
angle of the starting point.

242 8 Programming: Cycles

 Example: NC blocks

8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots

8 Angular length Q248 (incremental value): Enter the
angular length of the slot.
52 CYCL DEF 211 CIRCULAR SLOT
8 Infeed for finishing Q338 (incremental value):
Infeed per cut. Q338=0: Finishing in one infeed. Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE

8 Feed rate for plunging Q206: Traversing speed of Q201=-20 ;DEPTH

the tool while moving to depth in mm/min. Effective Q207=500 ;FEED RATE FOR MILLING
only during finishing if infeed for finishing is entered.
Q202=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
Q215=0 ;MACHINING OPERATION
Q203=+30 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q216=+50 ;CENTER IN 1ST AXIS
Q217=+50 ;CENTER IN 2ND AXIS
Q244=80 ;PITCH CIRCLE DIA.
Q219=12 ;SECOND SIDE LENGTH
Q245=+45 ;STARTING ANGLE
Q248=90 ;ANGULAR LENGTH
Q338=5 ;INFEED FOR FINISHING
Q206=150 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 243

8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots

Example: Milling pockets, studs and slots

Y Y
90
100
90°

70
8 45°

80
50

50
X Z
50 100 -40 -30 -20

0 BEGIN PGM C210 MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-40 Define the workpiece blank
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+6 Define the tool for roughing/finishing
4 TOOL DEF 2 L+0 R+3 Define slotting mill
5 TOOL CALL 1 Z S3500 Call the tool for roughing/finishing
6 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool

244 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots
7 CYCL DEF 213 STUD FINISHING Define cycle for machining the contour outside
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q201=-30 ;DEPTH
Q206=250 ;FEED RATE FOR PLNGNG
Q202=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
Q207=250 ;FEED RATE FOR MILLING
Q203=+0 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=20 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q216=+50 ;CENTER IN 1ST AXIS
Q217=+50 ;CENTER IN 2ND AXIS
Q218=90 ;FIRST SIDE LENGTH
Q219=80 ;SECOND SIDE LENGTH
Q220=0 ;CORNER RADIUS
Q221=5 ;OVERSIZE
8 CYCL CALL M3 Call cycle for machining the contour outside
9 CYCL DEF 5.0 CIRCULAR POCKET Define CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING cycle
10 CYCL DEF 5.1 SET UP 2
11 CYCL DEF 5.2 DEPTH -30
12 CYCL DEF 5.3 PLNGNG 5 F250
13 CYCL DEF 5.4 RADIUS 25
14 CYCL DEF 5.5 F400 DR+
15 L Z+2 R0 F MAX M99 Call CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING cycle
16 L Z+250 R0 F MAX M6 Tool change
17 TOOL CALL 2 Z S5000 Call slotting mill
18 CYCL DEF 211 CIRCULAR SLOT Cycle definition for slot 1
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q201=-20 ;DEPTH
Q207=250 ;FEED RATE FOR MILLING
Q202=5 ;PECKING DEPTH
Q215=0 ;MACHINING OPERATION
Q203=+0 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=100 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q216=+50 ;CENTER IN 1ST AXIS
Q217=+50 ;CENTER IN 2ND AXIS
Q244=80 ;PITCH CIRCLE DIA.
Q219=12 ;SECOND SIDE LENGTH
Q245=+45 ;STARTING ANGLE
Q248=90 ;ANGULAR LENGTH

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 245

8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots

Q338=5 ;INFEED FOR FINISHING

Q206=150 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
19 CYCL CALL M3 Call cycle for slot 1
20 FN 0: Q245 = +225 New starting angle for slot 2
21 CYCL CALL Call cycle for slot 2
22 L Z+250 R0 F MAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program
23 END PGM C210 MM

246 8 Programming: Cycles

8.4 Cycles for Machining Point

8.4 Cycles for Machining Point Patterns

Patterns
Overview
The TNC provides two cycles for machining point patterns directly:

Cycle Soft key

220 CIRCULAR PATTERN

221 LINEAR PATTERN

You can combine Cycle 220 and Cycle 221 with the following fixed
cycles:

Cycle 200 DRILLING

Cycle 201 REAMING
Cycle 202 BORING
Cycle 203 UNIVERSAL DRILLING
Cycle 204 BACK BORING
Cycle 205 UNIVERSAL PECKING
Cycle 206 TAPPING NEW with a floating tap holder
Cycle 207 RIGID TAPPING NEW without a floating tap holder
Cycle 208 BORE MILLING
Cycle 209 TAPPING WITH CHIP BREAKING
Cycle 212 POCKET FINISHING
Cycle 213 STUD FINISHING
Cycle 214 CIRCULAR POCKET FINISHING
Cycle 215 CIRCULAR STUD FINISHING
Cycle 262 THREAD MILLING
Cycle 263 THREAD MILLING/COUNTERSINKING
Cycle 264 THREAD DRILLING/MILLING
Cycle 265 HELICAL THREAD DRILLING/MILLING
Cycle 267 OUTSIDE THREAD MILLING

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 247

8.4 Cycles for Machining Point Patterns

CIRCULAR PATTERN (Cycle 220)

1 At rapid traverse, the TNC moves the tool from its current position
to the starting point for the first machining operation. Y
Sequence: N = Q241
„ Move to 2nd set-up clearance (spindle axis) Q247
„ Approach the starting point in the spindle axis. Q246
Q24
„ Move to the set-up clearance above the workpiece surface 4 Q245
(spindle axis). Q217
2 From this position the TNC executes the last defined fixed cycle.
3 The tool then approaches on a straight line or circular arc the
starting point for the next machining operation. The tool stops at
the set-up clearance (or the 2nd set-up clearance).
4 This process (1 to 3) is repeated until all machining operations have
been executed. X
Q216
Before programming, note the following:
Cycle 220 is DEF active, which means that Cycle 220 calls
the last defined fixed cycle automatically.
If you combine Cycle 220 with one of the fixed cycles 200
to 209, 212 to 215, 251 to 265 or 267, the set-up
Z
clearance, workpiece surface and 2nd set-up clearance
that you defined in Cycle 220 will be effective for the
selected fixed cycle. Q204
Q200
Q203
8 Center in 1st axis Q216 (absolute value): Center of
the pitch circle in the reference axis of the working
plane.
8 Center in 2nd axis Q217 (absolute value): Center of
the pitch circle in the minor axis of the working plane.
8 Pitch circle diameter Q244: Diameter of the pitch X
circle.
8 Starting angle Q245 (absolute value): Angle
between the reference axis of the working plane and
the starting point for the first machining operation on
the pitch circle.
8 Stopping angle Q246 (absolute value): Angle
between the reference axis of the working plane and
the starting point for the last machining operation on
the pitch circle (does not apply to complete circles).
Do not enter the same value for the stopping angle
and starting angle. If you enter the stopping angle
greater than the starting angle, machining will be
carried out counterclockwise; otherwise, machining
will be clockwise.

248 8 Programming: Cycles

 Example: NC blocks

8.4 Cycles for Machining Point Patterns

8 Stepping angle Q247 (incremental value): Angle
between two machining operations on a pitch circle.
If you enter an angle step of 0, the TNC will calculate 53 CYCL DEF 220 POLAR PATTERN
the angle step from the starting and stopping angles Q216=+50 ;CENTER IN 1ST AXIS
and the number of pattern repetitions. If you enter a
value other than 0, the TNC will not take the stopping Q217=+50 ;CENTER IN 2ND AXIS
angle into account. The sign for the angle step Q244=80 ;PITCH CIRCLE DIA.
determines the working direction (– = clockwise).
Q245=+0 ;STARTING ANGLE
8 Number of repetitions Q241: Number of machining
operations on a pitch circle. Q246=+360 ;STOPPING ANGLE

8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance Q247=+0 ;STEPPING ANGLE

between tool tip and workpiece surface. Enter a Q241=8 ;NR OF REPETITIONS
positive value.
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute
Q203=+30 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface.
Q204=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value):
Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision Q301=1 ;MOVE TO CLEARANCE
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can Q365=0 ;TYPE OF TRAVERSE
occur.
8 Moving to clearance height Q301: Definition of how
the tool is to move between machining processes.
0: Move to the set-up clearance between operations.
1: Move to the 2nd set-up clearance between
machining operations.
8 Type of traverse? Line=0/Arc=1 Q365: Definition of
the path function with which the tool is to move
between machining operations.
0: Move between operations on a straight line
1: Move between operations on the pitch circle

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 249

8.4 Cycles for Machining Point Patterns

LINEAR PATTERN (Cycle 221)

Before programming, note the following:

Cycle 221 is DEF active, which means that Cycle 221 calls Z
the last defined fixed cycle automatically.
If you combine Cycle 221 with one of the fixed cycles 200 Y
to 209, 212 to 215, 265 to 267, the set-up clearance,
workpiece surface and 2nd set-up clearance that you
X
defined in Cycle 221 will be effective for the selected fixed
cycle.

1 The TNC automatically moves the tool from its current position to
the starting point for the first machining operation.
Sequence:
„ Move to 2nd set-up clearance (spindle axis)
„ Approach the starting point in the spindle axis.
„ Move to the set-up clearance above the workpiece surface
(spindle axis). Y
2 From this position the TNC executes the last defined fixed cycle.
3 The tool then approaches the starting point for the next machining 7
operation in the positive reference axis direction at the set-up Q23
Q238
clearance (or the 2nd set-up clearance).
4 This process (1 to 3) is repeated until all machining operations on
3
the first line have been executed. The tool is located above the last Q24
N=
point on the first line. 2
Q24
5 The tool subsequently moves to the last point on the second line N=
where it carries out the machining operation. Q224
6 From this position the tool approaches the starting point for the Q226
next machining operation in the negative reference axis direction.
7 This process (6) is repeated until all machining operations in the
second line have been executed. X
Q225
8 The tool then moves to the starting point of the next line.
9 All subsequent lines are processed in a reciprocating movement.

Q200 Q204
Q203

250 8 Programming: Cycles

 Example: NC blocks

8.4 Cycles for Machining Point Patterns

8 Starting point 1st axis Q225 (absolute value):
Coordinate of the starting point in the reference axis
of the working plane. 54 CYCL DEF 221 CARTESIAN PATTERN

8 Starting point 2nd axis Q226 (absolute value): Q225=+15 ;STARTING PNT 1ST AXIS
Coordinate of the starting point in the minor axis of Q226=+15 ;STARTING PNT 2ND AXIS
the working plane.
Q237=+10 ;SPACING IN 1ST AXIS
8 Spacing in 1st axis Q237 (incremental value):
Spacing between each point on a line. Q238=+8 ;SPACING IN 2ND AXIS
Q242=6 ;NUMBER OF COLUMNS
8 Spacing in 2nd axis Q238 (incremental value):
Spacing between each line. Q243=4 ;NUMBER OF LINES
8 Number of columns Q242: Number of machining Q224=+15 ;ANGLE OF ROTATION
operations on a line. Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
8 Number of lines Q243: Number of passes. Q203=+30 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
8 Angle of rotation Q224 (absolute value): Angle by Q204=50 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
which the entire pattern is rotated. The center of
rotation lies in the starting point. Q301=1 ;MOVE TO CLEARANCE

8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance

between tool tip and workpiece surface.
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q203 (absolute
value): Coordinate of the workpiece surface.
8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value):
Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can
occur.
8 Moving to clearance height Q301: Definition of how
the tool is to move between machining processes.
0: Move to the set-up clearance between operations.
1: Move to the 2nd set-up clearance between the
measuring points.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 251

8.4 Cycles for Machining Point Patterns

Example: Circular hole patterns

100

R25
70 30°

R35
25

X
30 90 100

0 BEGIN PGM PATTERN MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-40 Define the workpiece blank
2 BLK FORM 0.2 Y+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+3 Define the tool
4 TOOL CALL 1 Z S3500 Tool call
5 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M3 Retract the tool
6 CYCL DEF 200 DRILLING Cycle definition: drilling
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q201=-15 ;DEPTH
Q206=250 ;FEED RATE FOR PLNGNG
Q202=4 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
Q210=0 ;DWELL TIME
Q203=+0 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=0 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q211=0.25 ;DWELL TIME AT DEPTH

252 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.4 Cycles for Machining Point Patterns
7 CYCL DEF 220 POLAR PATTERN Define cycle for circular pattern 1, CYCL 200 is called automatically,
Q216=+30 ;CENTER IN 1ST AXIS Q200, Q203 and Q204 are effective as defined in Cycle 220.
Q217=+70 ;CENTER IN 2ND AXIS
Q244=50 ;PITCH CIRCLE DIA.
Q245=+0 ;STARTING ANGLE
Q246=+360 ;STOPPING ANGLE
Q247=+0 ;STEPPING ANGLE
Q241=10 ;NR OF REPETITIONS
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q203=+0 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=100 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q301=1 ;MOVE TO CLEARANCE
Q365=0 ;TYPE OF TRAVERSE
8 CYCL DEF 220 POLAR PATTERN Define cycle for circular pattern 2, CYCL 200 is called automatically,
Q216=+90 ;CENTER IN 1ST AXIS Q200, Q203 and Q204 are effective as defined in Cycle 220.
Q217=+25 ;CENTER IN 2ND AXIS
Q244=70 ;PITCH CIRCLE DIA.
Q245=+90 ;STARTING ANGLE
Q246=+360 ;STOPPING ANGLE
Q247=30 ;STEPPING ANGLE
Q241=5 ;NR OF REPETITIONS
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q203=+0 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=100 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q301=1 ;MOVE TO CLEARANCE
Q365=0 ;TYPE OF TRAVERSE
9 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program
10 END PGM PATTERN MM

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 253

 8.5 SL Cycles
8.5 SL Cycles

Fundamentals
SL Cycles enable you to form complex contours by combining up to Example: Program structure: Machining with SL
12 subcontours (pockets or islands). You define the individual Cycles
subcontours in subprograms. The TNC calculates the total contour
from the subcontours (subprogram numbers) that you enter in Cycle 0 BEGIN PGM SL2 MM
14 CONTOUR GEOMETRY. ...

The memory capacity for programming an SL cycle (all 12 CYCL DEF 140 CONTOUR GEOMETRY ...
contour subprograms) is limited. The number of possible 13 CYCL DEF 20 CONTOUR DATA ...
contour elements depends on the TNC’s available working
memory, the type of contour (inside or outside contour), ...
and the number of subcontours. 16 CYCL DEF 21 PILOT DRILLING ...
SL cycles conduct comprehensive and complex internal 17 CYCL CALL
calculations as well as the resulting machining operations.
For safety reasons, always run a graphical program test ...
before machining! This is a simple way of finding out 18 CYCL DEF 22 ROUGH-OUT ...
whether the TNC-calculated program will provide the
desired results. 19 CYCL CALL
...
Characteristics of the subprograms 22 CYCL DEF 23 FLOOR FINISHING ...
„ Coordinate transformations are allowed. If they are programmed 23 CYCL CALL
within the subcontour they are also effective in the following ...
subprograms, but they need not be reset after the cycle call.
„ The TNC ignores feed rates F and miscellaneous functions M. 26 CYCL DEF 24 SIDE FINISHING ...
„ The TNC recognizes a pocket if the tool path lies inside the contour, 27 CYCL CALL
for example if you machine the contour clockwise with radius ...
compensation RR.
50 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2
„ The TNC recognizes an island if the tool path lies outside the
contour, for example if you machine the contour clockwise with 51 LBL 1
radius compensation RL.
...
„ The subprograms must not contain tool axis coordinates.
55 LBL 0
„ If you use Q parameters, then only perform the calculations and
assignments within the affected contour subprograms. 56 LBL 2
...
60 LBL 0
...
99 END PGM SL2 MM

254 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.5 SL Cycles
Characteristics of the fixed cycles
„ The TNC automatically positions the tool to the set-up clearance
before a cycle.
„ Each level of infeed depth is milled without interruptions since the
cutter traverses around islands instead of over them.
„ The radius of “inside corners” can be programmed—the tool keeps
moving to prevent surface blemishes at inside corners (this applies
for the outermost pass in the Rough-out and Side Finishing cycles).
„ The contour is approached on a tangential arc for side finishing.
„ For floor finishing, the tool again approaches the workpiece on a
tangential arc (for tool axis Z, for example, the arc may be in the Z/X
plane).
„ The contour is machined throughout in either climb or up-cut milling.
The machining data (such as milling depth, finishing allowance and
set-up clearance) are entered as CONTOUR DATA in Cycle 20.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 255

8.5 SL Cycles

Overview of SL Cycles

Cycle Soft key Page

14 CONTOUR GEOMETRY (essential) "VF ¢Q–

20 CONTOUR DATA (essential) "VF ¢–¬

21 PILOT DRILLING (optional) "VF ¢–s

22 ROUGH-OUT (essential) "VF ¢–¢

23 FLOOR FINISHING (optional) "VF ¢–

24 SIDE FINISHING (optional) "VF ¢–T

CONTOUR (Cycle 14)

All subprograms that are superimposed to define the contour are
listed in Cycle 14 CONTOUR GEOMETRY.

Before programming, note the following: C D

Cycle 14 is DEF active which means that it becomes A B
effective as soon as it is defined in the part program.
You can list up to 12 subprograms (subcontours) in
Cycle 14.

8 Label numbers for the contour: Enter all label

numbers for the individual subprograms that are to be
superimposed to define the contour. Confirm every
label number with the ENT key. When you have
entered all numbers, conclude entry with the END
key.

256 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.5 SL Cycles
Overlapping contours
Pockets and islands can be overlapped to form a new contour. You can
thus enlarge the area of a pocket by another pocket or reduce it by an
island. Y
Subprograms: Overlapping pockets
S1
The subsequent programming examples are contour
subprograms that are called by Cycle 14 CONTOUR
GEOMETRY in a main program. A B

Pockets A and B overlap. S2

The TNC calculates the points of intersection S1 and S2. They do not
have to be programmed.
X
The pockets are programmed as full circles.

Subprogram 1: Pocket A
51 LBL 1 Example: NC blocks
52 L X+10 Y+50 RR 12 CYCL DEF 14.0 CONTOUR GEOMETRY
53 CC X+35 Y+50 13 CYCL DEF 14.1 CONTOUR LABEL 1/2/3/4
54 C X+10 Y+50 DR-
55 LBL 0

Subprogram 2: Pocket B
56 LBL 2
57 L X+90 Y+50 RR
58 CC X+65 Y+50
59 C X+90 Y+50 DR-
60 LBL 0

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 257

8.5 SL Cycles

Area of inclusion
Both surfaces A and B are to be machined, including the overlapping
area:
„ The surfaces A and B must be pockets
„ The first pocket (in Cycle 14) must start outside the second pocket
Surface A:
B
51 LBL 1
52 L X+10 Y+50 RR A

53 CC X+35 Y+50
54 C X+10 Y+50 DR-
55 LBL 0

Surface B:

56 LBL 2
57 L X+90 Y+50 RR
58 CC X+65 Y+50
59 C X+90 Y+50 DR-
60 LBL 0

Area of exclusion
Surface A is to be machined without the portion overlapped by B:
„ Surface A must be a pocket and B an island
„ A must start outside of B
„ B must start inside of A.
Surface A:
B
51 LBL 1
A
52 L X+10 Y+50 RR
53 CC X+35 Y+50
54 C X+10 Y+50 DR-
55 LBL 0

Surface B:

56 LBL 2
57 L X+90 Y+50 RL
58 CC X+65 Y+50
59 C X+90 Y+50 DR-
60 LBL 0

258 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.5 SL Cycles
Area of intersection
Only the area where A and B overlap is to be machined. (The areas
covered by A or B alone are to be left unmachined.)
„ A and B must be pockets
„ A must start inside of B
Surface A:
A B
51 LBL 1
52 L X+60 Y+50 RR
53 CC X+35 Y+50
54 C X+60 Y+50 DR-
55 LBL 0

Surface B:

56 LBL 2
57 L X+90 Y+50 RR
58 CC X+65 Y+50
59 C X+90 Y+50 DR-
60 LBL 0

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 259

8.5 SL Cycles

CONTOUR DATA (Cycle 20)

Machining data for the subprograms describing the subcontours are
entered in Cycle 20.
Y
Before programming, note the following:
Cycle 20 is DEF active which means that it becomes
effective as soon as it is defined in the part program.
The algebraic sign for the cycle parameter DEPTH

8
Q
determines the working direction. If you program
DEPTH=0, the TNC performs the cycle at the depth 0.
Q9=+1
The machining data entered in Cycle 20 are valid for
Cycles 21 to 24.
If you are using the SL Cycles in Q parameter programs,
the Cycle Parameters Q1 to Q20 cannot be used as k
program parameters.
X

8 Milling depth Q1 (incremental value): Distance

between workpiece surface and bottom of pocket.
Z
8 Path overlap factor Q2: Q2 x tool radius = stepover
factor k.
8 Finishing allowance for side Q3 (incremental
value): Finishing allowance in the working plane
8 Finishing allowance for floor Q4 (incremental
value): Finishing allowance in the tool axis. Q6

Q7
8 Workpiece surface coordinate Q5 (absolute value): Q10 Q1
Absolute coordinate of the workpiece surface
Q5
8 Set-up clearance Q6 (incremental value): Distance
between tool tip and workpiece surface.
8 Clearance height Q7 (absolute value): Absolute
X
height at which the tool cannot collide with the
workpiece (for intermediate positioning and retraction Example: NC blocks
at the end of the cycle).
57 CYCL DEF 20 CONTOUR DATA
8 Inside corner radius Q8: Inside “corner” rounding
radius; entered value is referenced to the tool Q1=-20 ;MILLING DEPTH
midpoint path.
Q2=1 ;TOOL PATH OVERLAP
8 Direction of rotation ? Clockwise = -1 Q9: Q3=+0.2 ;ALLOWANCE FOR SIDE
Machining direction for pockets.
Q4=+0.1 ;ALLOWANCE FOR FLOOR
„ Clockwise (Q9 = –1 up-cut milling for pocket and
island) Q5=+30 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
„ Counterclockwise (Q9 = +1 climb milling for pocket Q6=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
and island)
Q7=+80 ;CLEARANCE HEIGHT
Q8=0.5 ;ROUNDING RADIUS
Q9=+1 ;DIRECTION OF ROTATION

260 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.5 SL Cycles
PILOT DRILLING (Cycle 21)

When calculating the infeed points, the TNC does not

account for the delta value DR programmed in a TOOL CALL
block. Y
In narrow areas, the TNC may not be able to carry out pilot
drilling with a tool that is larger than the rough-out tool.

Process
1 The tool drills from the current position to the first plunging depth
at the programmed feed rate F.
2 When it reaches the first plunging depth, the tool retracts at rapid
traverse FMAX to the starting position and advances again to the
first plunging depth minus the advanced stop distance t.
3 The advanced stop distance is automatically calculated by the X
control:
„ At a total hole depth of up to 30 mm: t = 0.6 mm
„ At a total hole depth exceeding 30 mm: t = hole depth / 50 Example: NC blocks
„ Maximum advanced stop distance: 7 mm
58 CYCL DEF 21 PILOT DRILLING
4 The tool then advances with another infeed at the programmed
feed rate F. Q10=+5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
5 The TNC repeats this process (1 to 4) until the programmed depth Q11=100 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
is reached.
Q13=1 ;ROUGH-OUT TOOL
6 After a dwell time at the hole bottom, the tool is returned to the
starting position at rapid traverse FMAX for chip breaking.

Application
Cycle 21 is for PILOT DRILLING of the cutter infeed points. It accounts
for the allowance for side and the allowance for floor as well as the
radius of the rough-out tool. The cutter infeed points also serve as
starting points for roughing.
8 Plunging depth Q10 (incremental value): Dimension
by which the tool drills in each infeed (negative sign
for negative working direction).
8 Feed rate for plunging Q11: Traversing speed in
mm/min during drilling.
8 Rough-out tool number Q13: Tool number of the
roughing mill.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 261

8.5 SL Cycles

ROUGH-OUT (Cycle 22)

1 The TNC positions the tool over the cutter infeed point, taking the
allowance for side into account.
2 In the first plunging depth, the tool mills the contour from the
inside outward at the milling feed rate Q12.
3 The island contours (here: C/D) are cleared out with an approach A B
toward the pocket contour (here: A/B).
4 In the next step the TNC moves the tool to the next plunging depth
and repeats the roughing procedure until the program depth is C D
reached.
5 Finally the TNC retracts the tool to the clearance height.

Before programming, note the following:

This cycle requires a center-cut end mill (ISO 1641) or pilot
drilling with Cycle 21.
You define the plunging behavior of Cycle 22 with
parameter Q19 and with the tool table in the ANGLE and
LCUTS columns: Example: NC blocks

„ If Q19=0 is defined, the TNC always plunges 59 CYCL DEF 22 ROUGH-OUT

perpendicularly, even if a plunge angle (ANGLE) is
Q10=+5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
defined for the active tool.
„ If you define the ANGLE=90°, the TNC plunges Q11=100 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
perpendicularly. The reciprocation feed rate Q19 is used Q12=350 ;FEED RATE FOR ROUGHING
as plunging feed rate.
Q18=1 ;COARSE ROUGHING TOOL
„ If the reciprocation feed rate Q19 is defined in Cycle 22
and ANGLE is defined between 0.1 and 89.999 in the Q19=150 ;RECIPROCATION FEED RATE
tool table, the TNC plunges on a zigzag path at the Q208=99999 ;RETRACTION FEED RATE
defined ANGLE.
„ If the reciprocation feed is defined in Cycle 22 and no
ANGLE is in the tool table, the TNC displays an error
message.

8 Plunging depth Q10 (incremental value): Dimension

by which the tool plunges in each infeed.
8 Feed rate for plunging Q11: Traversing speed of the
tool in mm/min during penetration.
8 Feed rate for milling Q12: Traversing speed for
milling in mm/min.

262 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.5 SL Cycles
8 Coarse roughing tool number Q18: Number of the
tool with which the TNC has already coarse-roughed
the contour. If there was no coarse roughing, enter
“0”; if you enter a value other than zero, the TNC will
only rough-out the portion that could not be machined
with the coarse roughing tool.
If the portion that is to be roughed cannot be
approached from the side, the TNC will plunge-cut as
in Q19. For this purpose you must enter the tool
length LCUTS in the tool table TOOL.T, (’FF˜‰ppd˜
"›"Š:˜z"VF˜nG) and define the maximum plunging
ANGLE of the tool. The TNC will otherwise generate
an error message.
8 Reciprocation feed rate Q19: Traversing speed of
the tool in mm/min during reciprocating plunge-cut.
8 Retraction feed rate Q208: Traversing speed of the
tool in mm/min when retracting after machining. If
you enter Q208 = 0, the TNC retracts the tool at the
feed rate in Q12.

FLOOR FINISHING (Cycle 23)

The TNC automatically calculates the starting point for

finishing. The starting point depends on the available
space in the pocket.

The tool approaches the machining plane smoothly (in a vertically Z

tangential arc) if there is sufficient room. If there is not enough room,
the TNC moves the tool to depth vertically. The tool then clears the
finishing allowance remaining from rough-out.
8 Feed rate for plunging Q11: Traversing speed of the Q12
tool during penetration. Q11
8 Feed rate for milling Q12: Traversing speed for
milling.

Example: NC blocks

60 CYCL DEF 23 FLOOR FINISHING

Q11=100 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
Q12=350 ;FEED RATE FOR ROUGHING

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 263

8.5 SL Cycles

SIDE FINISHING (Cycle 24)

The subcontours are approached and departed on a tangential arc.
Each subcontour is finish-milled separately.

Before programming, note the following:

The sum of allowance for side (Q14) and the radius of the Z
finish mill must be smaller than the sum of allowance for Q11
side (Q3, Cycle 20) and the radius of the rough mill.
This calculation also holds if you run Cycle 24 without
having roughed out with Cycle 22; in this case, enter “0” Q12
for the radius of the rough mill. Q10

The TNC automatically calculates the starting point for

finishing. The starting point depends on the available
space in the pocket and the allowance programmed in
Cycle 20. X

8 Direction of rotation ? Clockwise = -1 Q9: Example: NC blocks

Machining direction:
+1:Counterclockwise 61 CYCL DEF 24 SIDE FINISHING
-1: Clockwise
Q9=+1 ;DIRECTION OF ROTATION
8 Plunging depth Q10 (incremental value): Dimension
by which the tool plunges in each infeed. Q10=+5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH

8 Feed rate for plunging Q11: Traversing speed of the Q11=100 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
tool during penetration. Q12=350 ;FEED RATE FOR ROUGHING
8 Feed rate for milling Q12: Traversing speed for Q14=+0 ;ALLOWANCE FOR SIDE
milling.
8 Finishing allowance for side Q14 (incremental
value): Enter the allowed material for several finish-
milling operations. If you enter Q14 = 0, the remaining
finishing allowance will be cleared.

264 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.5 SL Cycles
Example: Pilot drilling, roughing-out and finishing overlapping contours

Y
16 16
100

R2
5

16
50
5
R2

X
35 65 100

0 BEGIN PGM C21 MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-40 Define the workpiece blank
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+6 Define tool: drill
4 TOOL DEF 2 L+0 R+6 Define the tool for roughing/finishing
5 TOOL CALL 1 Z S2500 Call tool: drill
6 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool
7 CYCL DEF 14.0 CONTOUR GEOMETRY Define contour subprogram
8 CYCL DEF 14.1 CONTOUR LABEL 1/2/3/4
9 CYCL DEF 20.0 CONTOUR DATA Define general machining parameters
Q1=-20 ;MILLING DEPTH
Q2=1 ;TOOL PATH OVERLAP
Q3=+0.5 ;ALLOWANCE FOR SIDE
Q4=+0.5 ;ALLOWANCE FOR FLOOR
Q5=+0 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q6=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q7=+100 ;CLEARANCE HEIGHT
Q8=0.1 ;ROUNDING RADIUS
Q9=-1 ;DIRECTION OF ROTATION

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 265

8.5 SL Cycles

10 CYCL DEF 21.0 PILOT DRILLING Cycle definition: Pilot drilling

Q10=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
Q11=250 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
Q13=2 ;ROUGH-OUT TOOL
11 CYCL CALL M3 Cycle call: Pilot drilling
12 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M6 Tool change
13 TOOL CALL 2 Z S3000 Call the tool for roughing/finishing
14 CYCL DEF 22.0 ROUGH-OUT Cycle definition: Rough-out
Q10=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
Q11=100 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
Q12=350 ;FEED RATE FOR ROUGHING
Q18=0 ;COARSE ROUGHING TOOL
Q19=150 ;RECIPROCATION FEED RATE
Q208=30000 ;RETRACTION FEED RATE
15 CYCL CALL M3 Cycle call: Rough-out
16 CYCL DEF 23.0 FLOOR FINISHING Cycle definition: Floor finishing
Q11=100 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
Q12=200 ;FEED RATE FOR ROUGHING
Q208=30000 ;RETRACTION FEED RATE
17 CYCL CALL Cycle call: Floor finishing
18 CYCL DEF 24.0 SIDE FINISHING Cycle definition: Side finishing
Q9=+1 ;DIRECTION OF ROTATION
Q10=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
Q11=100 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
Q12=400 ;FEED RATE FOR ROUGHING
Q14=+0 ;ALLOWANCE FOR SIDE
19 CYCL CALL Cycle call: Side finishing
20 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program

266 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.5 SL Cycles
21 LBL 1 Contour subprogram 1: left pocket
22 CC X+35 Y+50
23 L X+10 Y+50 RR
24 C X+10 DR-
25 LBL 0
26 LBL 2 Contour subprogram 2: right pocket
27 CC X+65 Y+50
28 L X+90 Y+50 RR
29 C X+90 DR-
30 LBL 0
31 LBL 3 Contour subprogram 3: square left island
32 L X+27 Y+50 RL
33 L Y+58
34 L X+43
35 L Y+42
36 L X+27
37 LBL 0
38 LBL 4 Contour subprogram 4: triangular right island
39 L X+65 Y+42 RL
40 L X+57
41 L X+65 Y+58
42 L X+73 Y+42
43 LBL 0
44 END PGM C21 MM

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 267

 8.6 Cycles for Multipass Milling
8.6 Cycles for Multipass Milling

Overview
The TNC offers four cycles for machining surfaces with the following
characteristics:
„ Flat, rectangular surfaces
„ Flat, oblique-angled surfaces
„ Surfaces that are inclined in any way
„ Twisted surfaces
Cycle Soft key
230 MULTIPASS MILLING
For flat rectangular surfaces

231 RULED SURFACE

For oblique, inclined or twisted surfaces

232 FACE MILLING

For level rectangular surfaces, with indicated oversizes
and multiple infeeds

MULTIPASS MILLING (Cycle 230)

1 From the current position in the working plane, the TNC positions
the tool at rapid traverse FMAX to the starting point 1; the TNC
moves the tool by its radius to the left and upward. Z
2 The tool then moves at FMAX in the tool axis to the set-up
clearance. From there it approaches the programmed starting
position in the tool axis at the feed rate for plunging.
3 The tool then moves at the programmed feed rate for milling to the Y
end point 2. The TNC calculates the end point from the 21
programmed starting point, the program length, and the tool
radius.
4 The TNC offsets the tool to the starting point in the next pass at
the stepover feed rate. The offset is calculated from the 1 X
programmed width and the number of cuts.
5 The tool then returns in the negative direction of the first axis.
6 Multipass milling is repeated until the programmed surface has
been completed.
7 At the end of the cycle, the tool is retracted at FMAX to the set-up
clearance.

Before programming, note the following:

From the current position, the TNC positions the tool at
the starting point, first in the working plane and then in the
spindle axis.
Pre-position the tool in such a way that no collision
between tool and clamping devices can occur.

268 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.6 Cycles for Multipass Milling
8 Starting point in 1st axis Q225 (absolute value):
Minimum point coordinate of the surface to be Y
multipass-milled in the reference axis of the working Q207
plane.
8 Starting point in 2nd axis Q226 (absolute value):
Minimum-point coordinate of the surface to be
multipass-milled in the minor axis of the working N = Q240

Q219
plane.
Q209
8 Starting point in 3rd axis Q227 (absolute value):
Height in the spindle axis at which multipass-milling is
carried out.
Q226
8 First side length Q218 (incremental value): Length
of the surface to be multipass-milled in the reference
axis of the working plane, referenced to the starting Q218 X
point in the 1st axis. Q225

8 Second side length Q219 (incremental value): Length

of the surface to be multipass-milled in the minor axis
of the working plane, referenced to the starting point
in the 2nd axis. Q206
8 Number of cuts Q240: Number of passes to be made Z
over the width.
8 Feed rate for plunging Q206: Traversing speed of Q200
the tool in mm/min when moving from set-up Q227
clearance to the milling depth.
8 Feed rate for milling Q207: Traversing speed of the
tool in mm/min while milling.
8 Stepover feed rate Q209: Traversing speed of the
tool in mm/min when moving to the next pass. If you
are moving the tool transversely in the material, enter
Q209 to be smaller than Q207. If you are moving it X
transversely in the open, Q209 may be greater than
Q207. Example: NC blocks
8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance 71 CYCL DEF 230 MULTIPASS MILLING
between tool tip and milling depth for positioning at
the start and end of the cycle. Q225=+10 ;STARTING PNT 1ST AXIS
Q226=+12 ;STARTING PNT 2ND AXIS
Q227=+2.5 ;STARTING PNT 3RD AXIS
Q218=150 ;FIRST SIDE LENGTH
Q219=75 ;SECOND SIDE LENGTH
Q240=25 ;NUMBER OF CUTS
Q206=150 ;FEED RATE FOR PLUNGING
Q207=500 ;FEED RATE FOR MILLING
Q209=200 ;STEPOVER FEED RATE
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 269

8.6 Cycles for Multipass Milling

RULED SURFACE (Cycle 231)

1 From the current position, the TNC positions the tool in a linear 3-D
movement to the starting point 1.
2 The tool subsequently advances to the stopping point 2 at the feed Z
rate for milling. 41
3 From this point, the tool moves at rapid traverse FMAX by the tool
diameter in the positive tool axis direction, and then back to 31
starting point 1. Y 1
4 At the starting point 1 the TNC moves the tool back to the last
traversed Z value.
5 Then the TNC moves the tool in all three axes from point 1 in the
direction of point 4 to the next line. 21
X
6 From this point, the tool moves to the stopping point on this pass.
The TNC calculates the end point from point 2 and a movement in
the direction of point 3.
7 Multipass milling is repeated until the programmed surface has
been completed.
8 At the end of the cycle, the tool is positioned above the highest
programmed point in the tool axis, offset by the tool diameter. Z
Cutting motion
The starting point, and therefore the milling direction, is selectable 41
because the TNC always moves from point 1 to point 2 and in the total
movement from point 1 / 2 to point 3 / 4. You can program point 1 at
any corner of the surface to be machined. 31
Y
If you are using an end mill for the machining operation, you can 1
optimize the surface finish in the following ways:
„ A shaping cut (spindle axis coordinate of point 1 greater than 21
spindle-axis coordinate of point 2) for slightly inclined surfaces.
„ A drawing cut (spindle axis coordinate of point 1 smaller than
spindle-axis coordinate of point 2) for steep surfaces. X
„ When milling twisted surfaces, program the main cutting direction
(from point 1 to point 2) parallel to the direction of the steeper
inclination.
If you are using a spherical cutter for the machining operation, you can Z
optimize the surface finish in the following way:
„ When milling twisted surfaces, program the main cutting direction 31
(from point 1 to point 2) perpendicular to the direction of the
steepest inclination.
21
Before programming, note the following:
Y
The TNC positions the tool from the current position 41
in a linear 3-D movement to the starting point 1. Pre-
position the tool in such a way that no collision between
1
tool and clamping devices can occur.
The TNC moves the tool with radius compensation R0 to X
the programmed positions.
If required, use a center-cut end mill (ISO 1641).

270 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.6 Cycles for Multipass Milling
8 Starting point in 1st axis Q225 (absolute value):
Starting point coordinate of the surface to be
multipass-milled in the reference axis of the working Z
plane.
8 Starting point in 2nd axis Q226 (absolute value):
Starting point coordinate of the surface to be 41
multipass-milled in the minor axis of the working Q236
plane. 31
Q233 1
8 Starting point in 3rd axis Q227 (absolute value): Q227
Starting point coordinate of the surface to be
multipass-milled in the tool axis. 21
Q230
8 2nd point in 1st axis Q228 (absolute value):
Stopping point coordinate of the surface to be X
multipass milled in the reference axis of the working Q228 Q231 Q234 Q225
plane.
8 2nd point in 2nd axis Q229 (absolute value):
Stopping point coordinate of the surface to be Y
multipass milled in the minor axis of the working
plane.
41
8 2nd point in 3rd axis Q230 (absolute value): Q235 31
Stopping point coordinate of the surface to be Q232
multipass milled in the tool axis.
N = Q240
8 3rd point in 1st axis Q231 (absolute value):
Coordinate of point 3 in the reference axis of the
working plane. 21
Q229
8 3rd point in 2nd axis Q232 (absolute value): 1
Coordinate of point 3 in the minor axis of the working Q226
plane. Q207

8 3rd point in 3rd axis Q233 (absolute value): X

Coordinate of point 3 in the tool axis

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 271

 Example: NC blocks
8.6 Cycles for Multipass Milling

8 4th point in 1st axis Q234 (absolute value):

Coordinate of point 4 in the reference axis of the
working plane. 72 CYCL DEF 231 RULED SURFACE

8 4th point in 2nd axis Q235 (absolute value): Q225=+0 ;STARTING PNT 1ST AXIS
Coordinate of point 4 in the minor axis of the working Q226=+5 ;STARTING PNT 2ND AXIS
plane.
Q227=-2 ;STARTING PNT 3RD AXIS
8 4th point in 3rd axis Q236 (absolute value):
Coordinate of point 4 in the tool axis. Q228=+100 ;2ND POINT 1ST AXIS
Q229=+15 ;2ND POINT 2ND AXIS
8 Number of cuts Q240: Number of passes to be made
between points 1 and 4, 2 and 3. Q230=+5 ;2ND POINT 3RD AXIS
8 Feed rate for milling Q207: Traversing speed of the Q231=+15 ;3RD POINT 1ST AXIS
tool in mm/min while milling. The TNC performs the Q232=+125 ;3RD POINT 2ND AXIS
first step at half the programmed feed rate.
Q233=+25 ;3RD POINT 3RD AXIS
Q234=+15 ;4TH POINT 1ST AXIS
Q235=+125 ;4TH POINT 2ND AXIS
Q236=+25 ;4TH POINT 3RD AXIS
Q240=40 ;NUMBER OF CUTS
Q207=500 ;FEED RATE FOR MILLING

272 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.6 Cycles for Multipass Milling
FACE MILLING (Cycle 232)
Cycle 232 is used to face mill a level surface in multiple infeeds while
taking the finishing allowance into account. Three machining
strategies are available:
„ Strategy Q389=0: Meander machining, stepover outside the
surface being machined
„ Strategy Q389=1: Meander machining, stepover within the surface
being machined
„ Strategy Q389=2: Line-by-line machining, retraction and stepover
at the positioning feed rate
1 From the current position, the TNC positions the tool at rapid
traverse (FMAX) to the starting position using positioning logic 1.
If the current position in the spindle axis is greater than the 2nd set-
up clearance, the control positions the tool first in the machining
plane and then in the spindle axis. Otherwise it first moves to the
2nd set-up clearance and then in the machining plane. The starting
point in the machining plane is offset from the edge of the
workpiece by the tool radius and the safety clearance to the side.
2 The tool then moves in the spindle axis at the positioning feed rate
to the first plunging depth calculated by the control.
Strategy Q389=0
3 The tool then advances to the stopping point 2 at the feed rate for
milling. The end point lies outside the surface. The control Z
calculates the end point from the programmed starting point, the
programmed length, the programmed safety clearance to the side
and the tool radius. 21
4 The TNC offsets the tool to the starting point in the next pass at
the pre-positioning feed rate. The offset is calculated from the
programmed width, the tool radius and the maximum path overlap Y
factor.
5 The tool then moves back in the direction of the starting point 1.
1 X
6 The process is repeated until the programmed surface has been
completed. At the end of the last pass, the next machining depth
is plunged to.
7 In order to avoid non-productive motions, the surface is then
machined in reverse direction.
8 The process is repeated until all infeeds have been machined. In
the last infeed, simply the finishing allowance entered is milled at
the finishing feed rate.
9 At the end of the cycle, the tool is retracted at FMAX to the 2nd
set-up clearance.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 273

8.6 Cycles for Multipass Milling

Strategy Q389=1
3 The tool then advances to the stopping point 2 at the feed rate for
milling. The end point lies within the surface. The control Z
calculates the end point from the programmed starting point, the
programmed length and the tool radius.
4 The TNC offsets the tool to the starting point in the next pass at
the pre-positioning feed rate. The offset is calculated from the Y 21
programmed width, the tool radius and the maximum path overlap
factor.
5 The tool then moves back in the direction of the starting point 1.
The motion to the next line occurs within the workpiece borders.
1 X
6 The process is repeated until the programmed surface has been
completed. At the end of the last pass, the next machining depth
is plunged to.
7 In order to avoid non-productive motions, the surface is then
machined in reverse direction.
8 The process is repeated until all infeeds have been machined. In
the last infeed, simply the finishing allowance entered is milled at
the finishing feed rate.
9 At the end of the cycle, the tool is retracted at FMAX to the 2nd
set-up clearance.

274 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.6 Cycles for Multipass Milling
Strategy Q389=2
3 The tool then advances to the stopping point 2 at the feed rate for
milling. The end point lies outside the surface. The control Z
calculates the end point from the programmed starting point, the
programmed length, the programmed safety clearance to the side
and the tool radius.
4 The TNC positions the tool in the spindle axis to the set-up
clearance over the current infeed depth, and then moves at the 21
pre-positioning feed rate directly back to the starting point in the Y
next line. The TNC calculates the offset from the programmed
width, the tool radius and the maximum path overlap factor.
5 The tool then returns to the current infeed depth and moves in the 1 X
direction of the next end point 2.
6 The milling process is repeated until the programmed surface has
been completed. At the end of the last pass, the next machining
depth is plunged to.
7 In order to avoid non-productive motions, the surface is then
machined in reverse direction.
8 The process is repeated until all infeeds have been machined. In
the last infeed, simply the finishing allowance entered is milled at
the finishing feed rate.
9 At the end of the cycle, the tool is retracted at FMAX to the 2nd
set-up clearance.

Before programming, note the following:

Enter the 2nd set-up clearance in Q204 so that no collision
between tool and clamping devices can occur.

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8.6 Cycles for Multipass Milling

8 Machining strategy (0/1/2) Q389: Specify how the

TNC is to machine the surface:
0: Meander machining, stepover at positioning feed Y
rate outside the surface to be machined
1: Meander machining, stepover at feed rate for
milling within the surface to be machined
2: Line-by-line machining, retraction and stepover at
the positioning feed rate

Q219
8 Starting point in 1st axis Q225 (absolute value):
Starting point coordinate of the surface to be
machined in the reference axis of the working plane.
8 Starting point in 2nd axis Q226 (absolute value): Q226
Starting point coordinate of the surface to be
multipass-milled in the minor axis of the working
Q218 X
plane.
Q225
8 Starting point in 3rd axis Q227 (absolute value):
Coordinate of the workpiece surface used to calculate
the infeeds.
8 End point in 3rd axis Q386 (absolute value):
Coordinate in the spindle axis to which the surface is Z
to be face milled.
8 First side length Q218 (incremental value): Length
of the surface to be machined in the reference axis of Q227
the working plane. Use the algebraic sign to specify
the direction of the first milling path in reference to
the starting point in the 1st axis. Q386

8 Second side length Q219 (incremental value): Length

of the surface to be machined in the minor axis of the
working plane. Use the algebraic sign to specify the
direction of the first stepover in reference to the
X
starting point in the 2nd axis.

276 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.6 Cycles for Multipass Milling
8 Maximum plunging depth Q202 (incremental value):
Maximum amount that the tool is advanced each
time. The TNC calculates the actual plunging depth
from the difference between the end point and
starting point of the tool axis (taking the finishing Z
allowance into account), so that uniform plunging
depths are used each time. Q204
Q200
8 Allowance for floor Q369 (incremental value):
Distance used for the last infeed. Q202
8 Max. path overlap factor Q370: Maximum stepover Q369
factor k. The TNC calculates the actual stepover from
the second side length (Q219) and the tool radius so
that a constant stepover is used for machining. If you
have entered a radius R2 in the tool table (e.g. tooth
radius when using a face-milling cutter), the TNC X
reduces the stepover accordingly.
8 Feed rate for milling Q207: Traversing speed of the
tool in mm/min while milling. Y
8 Feed rate for finishing Q385: Traversing speed of
the tool in mm/min while milling the last infeed. Q207

8 Feed rate for pre-positioning Q253: Traversing

speed of the tool in mm/min when approaching the k
starting position and when moving to the next pass.
If you are moving the tool transversely to the material
(Q389=1), the TNC moves the tool at the feed rate for
milling Q207.

Q253

X
Q357

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 277

 Example: NC blocks
8.6 Cycles for Multipass Milling

8 Set-up clearance Q200 (incremental value): Distance

between tool tip and the starting position in the tool
axis. If you are milling with machining strategy 71 CYCL DEF 232 FACE MILLING
Q389=2, the TNC moves the tool at the set-up Q389=2 ;STRATEGY
clearance over the current plunging depth to the
starting point of the next pass. Q225=+10 ;STARTING PNT 1ST AXIS

8 Clearance to side Q357 (incremental value): Safety Q226=+12 ;STARTING PNT 2ND AXIS
clearance to the side of the workpiece when the tool Q227=+2.5 ;STARTING PNT 3RD AXIS
approaches the first plunging depth, and distance at
which the stepover occurs if the machining strategy Q386=-3 ;END POINT IN 3RD AXIS
Q389=0 or Q389=2 is used. Q218=150 ;FIRST SIDE LENGTH
8 2nd set-up clearance Q204 (incremental value): Q219=75 ;SECOND SIDE LENGTH
Coordinate in the tool axis at which no collision
between tool and workpiece (clamping devices) can Q202=2 ;MAX. PLUNGING DEPTH
occur. Q369=0.5 ;ALLOWANCE FOR FLOOR
Q370=1 ;MAX. OVERLAP
Q207=500 ;FEED RATE FOR MILLING
Q385=800 ;FEED RATE FOR FINISHING
Q253=2000 ;F PRE-POSITIONING
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q357=2 ;CLEARANCE TO SIDE
Q204=2 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE

278 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.6 Cycles for Multipass Milling
Example: Multipass milling

Y Y
100

X Z
100 35

0 BEGIN PGM C230 MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z+0 Define the workpiece blank
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+40
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+5 Define the tool
4 TOOL CALL 1 Z S3500 Tool call
5 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool
6 CYCL DEF 230 MULTIPASS MILLING Cycle definition: MULTIPASS MILLING
Q225=+0 ;START IN 1ST AXIS
Q226=+0 ;START IN 2ND AXIS
Q227=+35 ;START IN 3RD AXIS
Q218=100 ;FIRST SIDE LENGTH
Q219=100 ;SECOND SIDE LENGTH
Q240=25 ;NUMBER OF CUTS
Q206=250 ;FEED RATE FOR PLNGNG
Q207=400 ;FEED RATE FOR MILLING
Q209=150 ;STEPOVER FEED RATE
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 279

8.6 Cycles for Multipass Milling

7 L X+-25 Y+0 R0 FMAX M3 Pre-position near the starting point

8 CYCL CALL Call the cycle
9 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program
10 END PGM C230 MM

280 8 Programming: Cycles

8.7 Coordinate Transformation

8.7 Coordinate Transformation Cycles

Cycles
Overview
Once a contour has been programmed, you can position it on the
workpiece at various locations and in different sizes through the use
of coordinate transformations. The TNC provides the following
coordinate transformation cycles:

Cycle Soft key

7 DATUM SHIFT
For shifting contours directly within the program or
from datum tables

8 MIRROR IMAGE
Mirroring contours

10 ROTATION
For rotating contours in the working plane

11 SCALING FACTOR
For increasing or reducing the size of contours

26 AXIS-SPECIFIC SCALING FACTOR

For increasing or reducing the size of contours with
scaling factors for each axis

Effect of coordinate transformations

Beginning of effect: A coordinate transformation becomes effective as
soon as it is defined—it is not called. It remains in effect until it is
changed or canceled.
To cancel coordinate transformations:
„ Define cycles for basic behavior with a new value, such as scaling
factor 1.0.
„ Execute the miscellaneous function M02 or M30, or an END PGM
block (depending on the clearMode machine parameter)
„ Select a new program.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 281

8.7 Coordinate Transformation Cycles

DATUM SHIFT (Cycle 7)

A DATUM SHIFT allows machining operations to be repeated at
various locations on the workpiece. Z
Effect Z
Y Y
When the DATUM SHIFT cycle is defined, all coordinate data is based X
on the new datum. The TNC displays the datum shift in each axis in
the additional status display. Input of rotary axes is also permitted.
8 Datum shift: Enter the coordinates of the new
X
datum. Absolute values are referenced to the
manually set workpiece datum. Incremental values
are always referenced to the datum which was last
valid—this can be a datum which has already been
shifted.

Cancellation
A datum shift is canceled by entering the datum shift coordinates X=0,
Y=0 and Z=0.

Status displays
Z
„ The actual position values are referenced to the active (shifted)
Y
datum.
„ All of the position values shown in the additional status display are
referenced to the manually set datum. IY
X
IX

Example: NC blocks

13 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT

14 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+60
16 CYCL DEF 7.3 Z-5
15 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+40

282 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.7 Coordinate Transformation Cycles
DATUM SHIFT with datum tables (Cycle 7)

The datum table used depends on the operating mode or

is selectable:
Z
„ Program Run operating modes: “zeroshift.d” table
Y
„ Test-Run operating mode: “simzeroshift.d” table
N5
Datums from a datum table are referenced to the current N4
datum. N3
N2 X
The coordinate values from datum tables are only effective N1
with absolute coordinate values.
N0
New lines can only be inserted at the end of the table.

Function
Datum tables are used for
„ frequently recurring machining sequences at various locations on
the workpiece
„ frequent use of the same datum shift
Within a program, you can either program datum points directly in the
cycle definition or call them from a datum table. Z
Y
8 Datum shift: Enter the number of the datum from the
N2
datum table or a Q parameter. If you enter a
Q parameter, the TNC activates the datum number
entered in the Q parameter. N1 X
Y2
Cancellation Y1 N0
„ Call a datum shift to the coordinates
X=0; Y=0 etc. from the datum table. X2
X1
„ Execute a datum shift to the coordinates X=0, Y=0 etc. directly with
a cycle definition.

Example: NC blocks

77 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT

78 CYCL DEF 7.1 #5

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 283

8.7 Coordinate Transformation Cycles

Edit the datum table in the Programming and Editing mode of

operation.
Select the datum table in the Programming and Editing mode of
operation.
8 To call the file manager, press the PGM MGT key, ’FF˜
‰ adF˜"m"VFhFm›9˜ ¤m="hFm›"d’Š:˜z"VF˜Qn.
8 Display the datum tables: Press the soft keys SELECT
TYPE and SHOW .D.
8 Select the desired table or enter a new file name.
8 Edit the file. The soft-key row comprises the following
functions for editing:

Function Soft key

Select beginning of table

Select end of table

Go to previous page

Go to next page

Insert line (only possible at end of table)

Delete line

Find

Go to beginning of line

Go to end of line

Copy the present value

Insert the copied value

Add the entered number of lines (reference points)

to the end of the table

284 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.7 Coordinate Transformation Cycles
Configuring the datum table
If you do not wish to define a datum table for an active axis, press the
DEL key. Then the TNC clears the numerical value from the
corresponding input field?

To leave a datum table

Select a different type of file in file management and choose the
desired file.

After you have changed a value in a datum table, you must

save the change with the ENT key. Otherwise the change
may not be included during program run.

Status displays
The additional status display shows the values of the active datum
shift. |’FF˜‰pp=am"›F˜›"m’Oph"›apm’Š˜pm˜z"VF˜–}:

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 285

8.7 Coordinate Transformation Cycles

MIRROR IMAGE (Cycle 8)

The TNC can machine the mirror image of a contour in the working
plane. Z
Y
Effect
The mirror image cycle becomes effective as soon as it is defined in
the program. It is also effective in the Positioning with MDI mode of
operation. The active mirrored axes are shown in the additional status X
display.
„ If you mirror only one axis, the machining direction of the tool is
reversed (except in fixed cycles).
„ If you mirror two axes, the machining direction remains the same.
The result of the mirror image depends on the location of the datum:
„ If the datum lies on the contour to be mirrored, the element simply
flips over.
„ If the datum lies outside the contour to be mirrored, the element
also “jumps” to another location.

If you mirror only one axis, the machining direction is

reversed for the milling cycles (Cycles 2xx).
Z

286 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.7 Coordinate Transformation Cycles
8 Mirrored axis?: Enter the axis to be mirrored. You
can mirror all axes, including rotary axes, except for
the spindle axis and its auxiliary axes. You can enter
up to three axes. Z
Reset
Program the MIRROR IMAGE cycle once again with NO ENT. Y

Example: NC blocks

79 CYCL DEF 8.0 MIRROR IMAGE

80 CYCL DEF 8.1 X Y U

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 287

8.7 Coordinate Transformation Cycles

ROTATION (Cycle 10)

The TNC can rotate the coordinate system about the active datum in
the working plane within a program. Z
Effect Z
Y
The ROTATION cycle becomes effective as soon as it is defined in the X
Y
program. It is also effective in the Positioning with MDI mode of
operation. The active rotation angle is shown in the additional status
display. X
Reference axis for the rotation angle:
„ X/Y plane X axis
„ Y/Z plane Y axis
„ Z/X plane Z axis

Before programming, note the following:

An active radius compensation is canceled by defining
Cycle 10 and must therefore be reprogrammed, if
necessary.
After defining Cycle 10, you must move both axes of the
working plane to activate rotation for all axes.

8 Rotation: Enter the rotation angle in degrees (°). Input

range: –360° to +360° (absolute or incremental).

Cancellation
Program the ROTATION cycle once again with a rotation angle of 0°.

Example: NC blocks

12 CALL LBL 1
13 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT
14 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+60
15 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+40
16 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION
17 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT+35
18 CALL LBL 1

288 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.7 Coordinate Transformation Cycles
SCALING FACTOR (Cycle 11)
The TNC can increase or reduce the size of contours within a program,
enabling you to program shrinkage and oversize allowances. Z
Effect
Y Z
The SCALING FACTOR becomes effective as soon as it is defined in Y
the program. It is also effective in the Positioning with MDI mode of X
operation. The active scaling factor is shown in the additional status
display. X
The scaling factor has an effect on
„ All three coordinate axes at the same time
„ Dimensions in cycles

Prerequisite
It is advisable to set the datum to an edge or a corner of the contour
before enlarging or reducing the contour.
8 Scaling factor ?: Enter the scaling factor SCL. The
TNC multiplies the coordinates and radii by the SCL
factor (as described under “Effect” above)

Enlargement: SCL greater than 1 (up to 99.999 999)

Reduction: SCL less than 1 (down to 0.000 001)

Cancellation
Program the SCALING FACTOR cycle once again with a scaling factor
of 1.

Example: NC blocks

11 CALL LBL 1
12 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT
13 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+60
14 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+40
15 CYCL DEF 11.0 SCALING
16 CYCL DEF 11.1 SCL 0.75
17 CALL LBL 1

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 289

8.7 Coordinate Transformation Cycles

AXIS-SPECIFIC SCALING (Cycle 26)

Before programming, note the following:

Coordinate axes sharing coordinates for arcs must be
Y
enlarged or reduced by the same factor.
You can program each coordinate axis with its own axis-
specific scaling factor.
CC
In addition, you can enter the coordinates of a center for all
scaling factors.
The size of the contour is enlarged or reduced with
reference to the center, and not necessarily (as in Cycle 11
SCALING FACTOR) with reference to the active datum.

Effect
X
The SCALING FACTOR becomes effective as soon as it is defined in
the program. It is also effective in the Positioning with MDI mode of
operation. The active scaling factor is shown in the additional status
display.
8 Axis and scaling factor: Enter the coordinate axis/
axes as well as the factor(s) involved in enlarging or
reducing. Enter a positive value up to 99.999 999.
8 Center coordinates: Enter the center of the axis-
specific enlargement or reduction.
The coordinate axes are selected with soft keys.

Cancellation
Program the SCALING FACTOR cycle once again with a scaling factor
of 1 for the same axis.

Example: NC blocks

25 CALL LBL 1
26 CYCL DEF 26.0 AXIS-SPECIFIC SCALING
27 CYCL DEF 26.1 X 1.4 Y 0.6 CCX+15 CCY+20
28 CALL LBL 1

290 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.7 Coordinate Transformation Cycles
Example: Coordinate transformation cycles

Program sequence
„ Program the coordinate transformations in R5

10
the main program Y R5
„ For subprograms within a subprogram, ’FF˜

10
130 X
‰¤*zpV"h’Š:˜z"VF˜¢nn.
20 10
45°
30

65

X
65 130

0 BEGIN PGM COTRANS MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20 Define the workpiece blank
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+130 Y+130 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+1 Define the tool
4 TOOL CALL 1 Z S4500 Tool call
5 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool
6 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT Shift datum to center
7 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+65
8 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+65
9 CALL LBL 1 Call milling operation
10 LBL 10 Set label for program section repeat
11 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION Rotate by 45° (incremental)
12 CYCL DEF 10.1 IROT+45
13 CALL LBL 1 Call milling operation
14 CALL LBL 10 REP 6/6 Return jump to LBL 10; repeat the milling operation six times
15 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION Reset the rotation
16 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT+0
17 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT Reset the datum shift
18 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+0
19 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+0

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 291

8.7 Coordinate Transformation Cycles

20 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program

21 LBL 1 Subprogram 1
22 L X+0 Y+0 R0 FMAX Define milling operation
23 L Z+2 R0 FMAX M3
24 L Z-5 R0 F200
25 L X+30 RL
26 L IY+10
27 RND R5
28 L IX+20
29 L IX+10 IY-10
30 RND R5
31 L IX-10 IY-10
32 L IX-20
33 L IY+10
34 L X+0 Y+0 R0 F5000
35 L Z+20 R0 FMAX
36 LBL 0
37 END PGM COTRANS MM

292 8 Programming: Cycles

8.8 Special Cycles

8.8 Special Cycles

DWELL TIME (Cycle 9)
This causes the execution of the next block within a running program
to be delayed by the programmed dwell time. A dwell time can be
used for such purposes as chip breaking.

Effect
The cycle becomes effective as soon as it is defined in the program.
Modal conditions such as spindle rotation are not affected.
8 Dwell time in seconds: Enter the dwell time in
seconds.
Input range: 0 to 3600 s (1 hour) in steps of 0.001 seconds

Example: NC blocks

89 CYCL DEF 9.0 DWELL TIME

90 CYCL DEF 9.1 DWELL 1.5

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 293

8.8 Special Cycles

PROGRAM CALL (Cycle 12)

Routines that you have programmed (such as special drilling cycles or
geometrical modules) can be written as main programs and then
called like fixed cycles.

Before programming, note the following: 7 CYCL DEF 12.0 0 BEGIN PGM
PGM CALL LOT31 MM
The program you are calling must be stored on the hard 8 CYCL DEF 12.1
disk of your TNC. LOT31
9 ... M99
If the program you are defining to be a cycle is located in
the same directory as the program you are calling it from,
you only need to enter the program name.
If the program you are defining to be a cycle is not located END PGM LOT31
in the same directory as the program you are calling it
from, you must enter the complete path (for example
TNC:\KLAR35\FK1\50.H.
If you want to define an ISO program to be a cycle, enter
the file type .I behind the program name. Example: NC blocks

8 Program name: Enter the name of the program you 55 CYCL DEF 12.0 PGM CALL
want to call and, if necessary, the directory it is 56 CYCL DEF 12.1 PGM TNC:\KLAR35\FK1\50.H
located in.
57 L X+20 Y+50 FMAX M99
Call the program with
„ CYCL CALL (separate block) or
„ M99 (blockwise) or
„ M89 (executed after every positioning block)

Example: Program call

A callable program 50 is to be called into a program via a cycle call.

294 8 Programming: Cycles

 8.8 Special Cycles
ORIENTED SPINDLE STOP (Cycle 13)

Machine and control must be specially prepared by the Z

Y
machine tool builder for use of this cycle.

Cycle 13 is used internally for machining cycles 202, 204

and 209. Please note that, if required, you must program X
Cycle 13 again in your NC program after one of the
machining cycles mentioned above.

The control can control the machine tool spindle and rotate it to a given
angular position.
Oriented spindle stops are required for
„ Tool changing systems with a defined tool change position
„ Orientation of the transmitter/receiver window of HEIDENHAIN 3-D
touch probes with infrared transmission
Example: NC blocks
Effect
93 CYCL DEF 13.0 ORIENTATION
The angle of orientation defined in the cycle is positioned to by
entering M19 or M20 (depending on the machine). 94 CYCL DEF 13.1 ANGLE 180
If you program M19 or M20 without having defined Cycle 13, the TNC
positions the machine tool spindle to an angle that has been set by the
machine manufacturer (see your machine manual).
8 Angle of orientation: Enter the angle according to
the reference axis of the working plane.

Input range: 0 to 360°

Input resolution: 0.1°

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 295

 9
Programming: Subprograms
and Program Section Repeats
 9.1 Labeling Subprograms and
9.1 Labeling Subprograms and Program Section Repeats

Program Section Repeats

¤*zpV"h’˜"m=˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜FzF"›’˜Fm"*dF˜©p¤˜›p˜zpV"h˜"˜
h"4^amamV˜’F„¤Fm4F˜pm4F˜"m=˜›^Fm˜¤m˜a›˜"’˜pO›Fm˜"’˜=F’aF=

Labels
^F˜*FVammamV’˜pO˜’¤*zpV"h’˜"m=˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜FzF"›’˜"F˜
h"cF=˜am˜"˜z"›˜zpV"h˜*©˜d"*Fd’˜
˜d"*Fd˜a’˜a=Fm›aOaF=˜*©˜"˜m¤h*F˜*F›§FFm˜s˜"m=˜–Q˜QT˜p˜*©˜"˜m"hF˜
©p¤˜=FOamF˜"4^˜˜m¤h*F˜p˜˜m"hF˜4"m˜*F˜’F›˜pmd©˜pm4F˜
am˜›^F˜zpV"h˜§a›^˜˜˜^F˜m¤h*F˜pO˜d"*Fd˜m"hF’˜©p¤˜4"m˜
Fm›F˜a’˜pmd©˜daha›F=˜*©˜›^F˜am›Fm"d˜hFhp©

p˜mp›˜¤’F˜"˜d"*Fd˜m¤h*F˜p˜d"*Fd˜m"hF˜hpF˜›^"m˜pm4FM˜

˜¬˜|˜¬}˜a’˜¤’F=˜F¨4d¤’a¦Fd©˜›p˜h"c˜›^F˜Fm=˜pO˜"˜’¤*zpV"h˜
"m=˜4"m˜›^FFOpF˜*F˜¤’F=˜"’˜pO›Fm˜"’˜=F’aF=

298 n˜pV"hhamV9˜¤*zpV"h’˜"m=˜pV"h˜F4›apm˜FzF"›’
9.2 Subprograms

9.2 Subprograms
Operating sequence
1 ^F˜˜F¨F4¤›F’˜›^F˜z"›˜zpV"h˜¤z˜›p˜›^F˜*dp4c˜am˜§^a4^˜"˜
’¤*zpV"h˜a’˜4"ddF=˜§a›^˜˜ 0 BEGIN PGM ...
2 ^F˜’¤*zpV"h˜a’˜›^Fm˜F¨F4¤›F=˜Oph˜*FVammamV˜›p˜Fm=˜^F˜
’¤*zpV"h˜Fm=˜a’˜h"cF=˜˜¬
3 ^F˜˜›^Fm˜F’¤hF’˜›^F˜z"›˜zpV"h˜Oph˜›^F˜*dp4c˜"O›F˜›^F˜ CALL LBL1
’¤*zpV"h˜4"dd

Programming notes
L Z+100 M2
„ ˜h"am˜zpV"h˜4"m˜4pm›"am˜¤z˜›p˜¢QT˜’¤*zpV"h’
LBL1
„ p¤˜4"m˜4"dd˜’¤*zpV"h’˜am˜"m©˜’F„¤Fm4F˜"m=˜"’˜pO›Fm˜"’˜=F’aF=
„ ˜’¤*zpV"h˜4"mmp›˜4"dd˜a›’FdO
„ a›F˜’¤*zpV"h’˜"›˜›^F˜Fm=˜pO˜›^F˜h"am˜zpV"h˜|*F^am=˜›^F˜*dp4c˜ LBL0
§a›^˜¬¢˜p˜¬} END PGM ...
„ O˜’¤*zpV"h’˜"F˜dp4"›F=˜*FOpF˜›^F˜*dp4c˜§a›^˜¬¢˜p˜¬:˜›^F©˜
§add˜*F˜F¨F4¤›F=˜"›˜dF"’›˜pm4F˜F¦Fm˜aO˜›^F©˜"F˜mp›˜4"ddF=

Programming a subprogram
8 p˜h"c˜›^F˜*FVammamV:˜zF’’˜›^F˜˜˜cF©
8 m›F˜›^F˜’¤*zpV"h˜m¤h*F
8 p˜h"c˜›^F˜Fm=:˜zF’’˜›^F˜˜˜cF©˜"m=˜Fm›F˜›^F˜
d"*Fd˜m¤h*F˜‰¬Š

Calling a subprogram
8 p˜4"dd˜"˜’¤*zpV"h:˜zF’’˜›^F˜˜˜cF©
8 Label number:˜m›F˜›^F˜d"*Fd˜m¤h*F˜pO˜›^F˜
’¤*zpV"h˜©p¤˜§a’^˜›p˜4"dd˜ O˜©p¤˜§"m›˜›p˜¤’F˜"˜d"*Fd˜
m"hF:˜zF’’˜›^F˜cF©˜Š˜›p˜’§a›4^˜›p˜›F¨›˜Fm›©
8 Repeat REP:˜ VmpF˜›^F˜=a"dpV˜„¤F’›apm˜§a›^˜›^F˜˜
˜cF©˜FzF"›˜˜a’˜¤’F=˜pmd©˜Op˜zpV"h˜
’F4›apm˜FzF"›’

˜˜¬˜a’˜mp›˜zFha››F=˜|"*Fd˜¬˜a’˜pmd©˜¤’F=˜›p˜h"c˜
›^F˜Fm=˜pO˜"˜’¤*zpV"h}˜

   ˜˜¢¬ 299

 9.3 Program Section Repeats
9.3 Program Section Repeats

Label LBL
^F˜*FVammamV˜pO˜"˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜FzF"›˜a’˜h"cF=˜*©˜›^F˜d"*Fd˜˜
^F˜Fm=˜pO˜"˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜FzF"›˜a’˜a=Fm›aOaF=˜*©˜˜˜—˜
0 BEGIN PGM ...
Operating sequence
1 ^F˜˜F¨F4¤›F’˜›^F˜z"›˜zpV"h˜¤z˜›p˜›^F˜Fm=˜pO˜›^F˜zpV"h˜ LBL1
’F4›apm˜|˜˜—}
2 ^Fm˜›^F˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜*F›§FFm˜›^F˜4"ddF=˜˜"m=˜›^F˜d"*Fd˜
4"dd˜a’˜FzF"›F=˜›^F˜m¤h*F˜pO˜›ahF’˜Fm›FF=˜"O›F˜
3 ^F˜˜›^Fm˜F’¤hF’˜›^F˜z"›˜zpV"h˜"O›F˜›^F˜d"’›˜FzF›a›apm
CALL LBL 1 REP2

Programming notes
END PGM ...
„ p¤˜4"m˜FzF"›˜"˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜¤z˜›p˜–Q˜QT˜›ahF’˜am˜’¤44F’’apm
„ ^F˜›p›"d˜m¤h*F˜pO˜›ahF’˜›^F˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜a’˜F¨F4¤›F=˜a’˜"d§"©’˜
pmF˜hpF˜›^"m˜›^F˜zpV"hhF=˜m¤h*F˜pO˜FzF"›’

Programming a program section repeat

8 p˜h"c˜›^F˜*FVammamV:˜zF’’˜›^F˜˜˜cF©˜"m=˜
Fm›F˜"˜˜˜Op˜›^F˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜©p¤˜
§a’^˜›p˜FzF"›˜ O˜©p¤˜§"m›˜›p˜¤’F˜"˜d"*Fd˜m"hF:˜zF’’˜
›^F˜cF©˜Š˜›p˜’§a›4^˜›p˜›F¨›˜Fm›©
8 m›F˜›^F˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm

Calling a program section repeat

8 F’’˜›^F˜˜˜cF©˜"m=˜Fm›F˜›^F˜d"*Fd˜m¤h*F˜pO˜
›^F˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜©p¤˜§"m›˜›p˜FzF"›˜"’˜§Fdd˜"’˜›^F˜
m¤h*F˜pO˜FzF"›’˜|§a›^˜FzF"›˜}

300 n˜pV"hhamV9˜¤*zpV"h’˜"m=˜pV"h˜F4›apm˜FzF"›’
9.4 Separate Program as

9.4 Separate Program as Subprogram

Subprogram
Operating sequence
1 ^F˜˜F¨F4¤›F’˜›^F˜z"›˜zpV"h˜¤z˜›p˜›^F˜*dp4c˜am˜§^a4^˜
"mp›^F˜zpV"h˜a’˜4"ddF=˜§a›^˜˜ 
2 ^Fm˜›^F˜p›^F˜zpV"h˜a’˜¤m˜Oph˜*FVammamV˜›p˜Fm=
3 ^F˜˜›^Fm˜F’¤hF’˜›^F˜Oa’›˜|4"ddamV}˜z"›˜zpV"h˜§a›^˜›^F˜ 0 BEGIN PGM A 0 BEGIN PGM B
*dp4c˜*F^am=˜›^F˜zpV"h˜4"dd

Programming notes
CALL PGM B
„ p˜d"*Fd’˜"F˜mFF=F=˜›p˜4"dd˜"m©˜zpV"h˜"’˜"˜’¤*zpV"h
„ ^F˜4"ddF=˜zpV"h˜h¤’›˜mp›˜4pm›"am˜›^F˜ha’4Fdd"mFp¤’˜O¤m4›apm’˜
¬¢˜p˜¬
END PGM A END PGM B
„ ^F˜4"ddF=˜zpV"h˜h¤’›˜mp›˜4pm›"am˜"˜CALL PGM˜4"dd˜am›p˜›^F˜4"ddamV˜
zpV"h:˜p›^F§a’F˜"m˜amOama›F˜dppz˜§add˜F’¤d›

   ˜˜¢¬ 301

9.4 Separate Program as Subprogram

Calling any program as a subprogram

8 p˜’FdF4›˜›^F˜O¤m4›apm’˜Op˜zpV"h˜4"dd:˜zF’’˜›^F˜
 ˜˜cF©
8 F’’˜›^F˜ ˜’pO›˜cF©
8 m›F˜›^F˜4phzdF›F˜z"›^˜m"hF˜pO˜›^F˜zpV"h˜©p¤˜
§"m›˜›p˜4"dd˜"m=˜4pmOah˜©p¤˜Fm›©˜§a›^˜›^F˜˜cF©

p¤˜mFF=˜pmd©˜Fm›F˜›^F˜zpV"h˜m"hF˜aO˜›^F˜zpV"h˜©p¤˜
§"m›˜›p˜4"dd˜a’˜dp4"›F=˜am˜›^F˜’"hF˜=aF4›p©˜"’˜›^F˜zpV"h˜
©p¤˜"F˜4"ddamV˜a›˜Oph
O˜›^F˜4"ddF=˜zpV"h˜a’˜mp›˜dp4"›F=˜am˜›^F˜’"hF˜=aF4›p©˜
"’˜›^F˜zpV"h˜©p¤˜"F˜4"ddamV˜a›˜Oph:˜©p¤˜h¤’›˜Fm›F˜›^F˜
4phzdF›F˜z"›^:˜FV˜TNC:\ZW35\SCHRUPP\PGM1.H
O˜©p¤˜§"m›˜›p˜4"dd˜"m˜ ˜zpV"h:˜Fm›F˜›^F˜OadF˜›©zF˜ ˜
"O›F˜›^F˜zpV"h˜m"hF
p¤˜4"m˜"d’p˜4"dd˜"˜zpV"h˜§a›^˜CYCLE 12 PGM CALL.
’˜"˜¤dF:˜˜z""hF›F’˜"F˜FOOF4›a¦F˜Vdp*"dd©˜§a›^˜"˜PGM
CALL.˜p˜zdF"’F˜mp›F˜›^"›˜4^"mVF’˜›p˜ z""hF›F’˜am˜›^F˜
4"ddF=˜zpV"h˜4"m˜"d’p˜amOd¤Fm4F˜›^F˜4"ddamV˜zpV"h

302 n˜pV"hhamV9˜¤*zpV"h’˜"m=˜pV"h˜F4›apm˜FzF"›’
9.5 Nesting

9.5 Nesting
Types of nesting
„ ¤*zpV"h’˜§a›^am˜"˜’¤*zpV"h
„ pV"h˜’F4›apm˜FzF"›’˜§a›^am˜"˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜FzF"›
„ ¤*zpV"h’˜FzF"›F=
„ pV"h˜’F4›apm˜FzF"›’˜§a›^am˜"˜’¤*zpV"h

Nesting depth
^F˜mF’›amV˜=Fz›^˜a’˜›^F˜m¤h*F˜pO˜’¤44F’’a¦F˜dF¦Fd’˜am˜§^a4^˜
zpV"h˜’F4›apm’˜p˜’¤*zpV"h’˜4"m˜4"dd˜O¤›^F˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm’˜p˜
’¤*zpV"h’
„ "¨ah¤h˜mF’›amV˜=Fz›^˜Op˜’¤*zpV"h’9˜"zzp¨˜–T˜¬¬¬
„ "¨ah¤h˜mF’›amV˜=Fz›^˜Op˜h"am˜zpV"h˜4"dd’9˜^F˜mF’›amV˜=Fz›^˜
a’˜daha›F=˜pmd©˜*©˜›^F˜"¦"ad"*dF˜§pcamV˜hFhp©
„ p¤˜4"m˜mF’›˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜FzF"›’˜"’˜pO›Fm˜"’˜=F’aF=

Subprogram within a subprogram

Example NC blocks
0 BEGIN PGM UPGMS MM
...
17 CALL LBL “SP1” "dd˜›^F˜’¤*zpV"h˜h"cF=˜§a›^˜˜s
...
35 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2 "’›˜zpV"h˜*dp4c˜pO˜›^F
h"am˜zpV"h˜|§a›^˜¬¢}
36 LBL “SP1” FVammamV˜pO˜’¤*zpV"h˜¢
...
39 CALL LBL 2 "dd˜›^F˜’¤*zpV"h˜h"cF=˜§a›^˜˜¢
...
45 LBL 0 m=˜pO˜’¤*zpV"h˜s
46 LBL 2 FVammamV˜pO˜’¤*zpV"h˜¢
...
62 LBL 0 m=˜pO˜’¤*zpV"h˜¢
63 END PGM UPGMS MM

   ˜˜¢¬ 303

9.5 Nesting

Program execution
1 "am˜zpV"h˜ ˜a’˜F¨F4¤›F=˜¤z˜›p˜*dp4c˜s•
2 ¤*zpV"h˜s˜a’˜4"ddF=:˜"m=˜F¨F4¤›F=˜¤z˜›p˜*dp4c˜n
3 ¤*zpV"h˜¢˜a’˜4"ddF=:˜"m=˜F¨F4¤›F=˜¤z˜›p˜*dp4c˜–¢˜m=˜pO˜
’¤*zpV"h˜¢˜"m=˜F›¤m˜b¤hz˜›p˜›^F˜’¤*zpV"h˜Oph˜§^a4^˜a›˜
§"’˜4"ddF=
4 ¤*zpV"h˜s˜a’˜F¨F4¤›F=˜Oph˜*dp4c˜T¬˜¤z˜›p˜*dp4c˜TQ˜m=˜pO˜
’¤*zpV"h˜s˜"m=˜F›¤m˜b¤hz˜›p˜›^F˜h"am˜zpV"h˜ 
5 "am˜zpV"h˜ ˜a’˜F¨F4¤›F=˜Oph˜*dp4c˜sG˜¤z˜›p˜*dp4c˜
Q˜F›¤m˜b¤hz˜›p˜*dp4c˜s˜"m=˜Fm=˜pO˜zpV"h

Repeating program section repeats

Example NC blocks
0 BEGIN PGM REPS MM
...
15 LBL 1 FVammamV˜pO˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜FzF"›˜s
...
20 LBL 2 FVammamV˜pO˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜FzF"›˜¢
...
27 CALL LBL 2 REP 2 ^F˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜*F›§FFm˜›^a’˜*dp4c˜"m=˜˜¢
... |*dp4c˜¢¬}˜a’˜FzF"›F=˜›§a4F
35 CALL LBL 1 REP 1 ^F˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜*F›§FFm˜›^a’˜*dp4c˜"m=˜˜s
... |*dp4c˜sQ}˜a’˜FzF"›F=˜pm4F
50 END PGM REPS MM

Program execution
1 "am˜zpV"h˜˜a’˜F¨F4¤›F=˜¤z˜›p˜*dp4c˜¢•
2 pV"h˜’F4›apm˜*F›§FFm˜*dp4c˜¢•˜"m=˜*dp4c˜¢¬˜a’˜FzF"›F=˜›§a4F
3 "am˜zpV"h˜˜a’˜F¨F4¤›F=˜Oph˜*dp4c˜¢G˜›p˜*dp4c˜Q
4 pV"h˜’F4›apm˜*F›§FFm˜*dp4c˜Q˜"m=˜*dp4c˜sQ˜a’˜FzF"›F=˜pm4F˜
|am4d¤=amV˜›^F˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜FzF"›˜*F›§FFm˜¢¬˜"m=˜*dp4c˜¢•}
5 "am˜zpV"h˜˜a’˜F¨F4¤›F=˜Oph˜*dp4c˜–˜›p˜*dp4c˜Q¬˜|Fm=˜pO˜
zpV"h}

304 n˜pV"hhamV9˜¤*zpV"h’˜"m=˜pV"h˜F4›apm˜FzF"›’
 9.5 Nesting
Repeating a subprogram
Example NC blocks
0 BEGIN PGM UPGREP MM
...
10 LBL 1 FVammamV˜pO˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜FzF"›˜s
11 CALL LBL 2 ¤*zpV"h˜4"dd
12 CALL LBL 1 REP 2 ^F˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜*F›§FFm˜›^a’˜*dp4c˜"m=˜s
... |*dp4c˜s¬}˜a’˜FzF"›F=˜›§a4F
19 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2 "’›˜*dp4c˜pO˜›^F˜h"am˜zpV"h˜§a›^˜¢
20 LBL 2 FVammamV˜pO˜’¤*zpV"h
...
28 LBL 0 m=˜pO˜’¤*zpV"h
29 END PGM UPGREP MM

Program execution
1 "am˜zpV"h˜ ˜a’˜F¨F4¤›F=˜¤z˜›p˜*dp4c˜ss
2 ¤*zpV"h˜¢˜a’˜4"ddF=˜"m=˜F¨F4¤›F=
3 pV"h˜’F4›apm˜*F›§FFm˜*dp4c˜s¢˜"m=˜*dp4c˜s¬˜a’˜FzF"›F=˜›§a4F˜
¤*zpV"h˜¢˜a’˜FzF"›F=˜›§a4F
4 "am˜zpV"h˜ ˜a’˜F¨F4¤›F=˜Oph˜*dp4c˜s˜›p˜*dp4c˜sn˜m=˜
pO˜zpV"h

   ˜˜¢¬ 305

9.6 Programming Examples

Example: Milling a contour in several infeeds

pV"h˜’F„¤Fm4F
„ F_zp’a›apm˜›^F˜›ppd˜›p˜›^F˜§pczaF4F˜’¤O"4F
„ m›F˜›^F˜amOFF=˜=Fz›^˜am˜am4FhFm›"d˜¦"d¤F’ Y
„ pm›p¤˜haddamV 100
„ FzF"›˜=p§mOFF=˜"m=˜4pm›p¤_haddamV

R1
5
75

R18
30
R15
20

X
20 50 75 100

0 BEGIN PGM PGMWDH MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-40
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+10 FOamF˜›^F˜›ppd
4 TOOL CALL 1 Z S500 ppd˜4"dd
5 L Z+250 R0 FMAX F›"4›˜›^F˜›ppd
6 L X-20 Y+30 R0 FMAX F_zp’a›apm˜am˜›^F˜§pcamV˜zd"mF
7 L Z+0 R0 FMAX M3 F_zp’a›apm˜›p˜›^F˜§pczaF4F˜’¤O"4F

306 n˜pV"hhamV9˜¤*zpV"h’˜"m=˜pV"h˜F4›apm˜FzF"›’
 9.6 Programming Examples
8 LBL 1 F›˜d"*Fd˜Op˜zpV"h˜’F4›apm˜FzF"›
9 L IZ-4 R0 FMAX mOFF=˜=Fz›^˜am˜am4FhFm›"d˜¦"d¤F’˜|am˜’z"4F}
10 APPR CT X+2 Y+30 CCA90 R+5 RL F250 zzp"4^˜›p˜›^F˜4pm›p¤
11 FC DR- R18 CLSD+ CCX+20 CCY+30 pm›p¤
12 FLT
13 FCT DR- R15 CCX+50 CCY+75
14 FLT
15 FCT DR- R15 CCX+75 CCY+20
16 FLT
17 FCT DR- R18 CLSD- CCX+20 CCY+30
18 DEP CT CCA90 R+5 F1000 Fz"›˜›^F˜4pm›p¤
19 L X-20 Y+0 R0 FMAX F›"4›˜›ppd
20 CALL LBL 1 REP 4 F›¤m˜b¤hz˜›p˜˜s”˜’F4›apm˜a’˜FzF"›F=˜"˜›p›"d˜pO˜T˜›ahF’
21 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 F›"4›˜am˜›^F˜›ppd˜"¨a’:˜Fm=˜zpV"h
22 END PGM PGMWDH MM

   ˜˜¢¬ 307

9.6 Programming Examples

Example: Groups of holes

pV"h˜’F„¤Fm4F
„ zzp"4^˜›^F˜Vp¤z’˜pO˜^pdF’˜am˜›^F˜h"am˜
zpV"h Y
„ "dd˜›^F˜Vp¤z˜pO˜^pdF’˜|’¤*zpV"h˜s}
100
„ pV"h˜›^F˜Vp¤z˜pO˜^pdF’˜pmd©˜pm4F˜am˜
’¤*zpV"h s

2
60

5
20

1 3

20
10

X
15 45 75 100

0 BEGIN PGM UP1 MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+2.5 FOamF˜›^F˜›ppd
4 TOOL CALL 1 Z S5000 ppd˜4"dd
5 L Z+250 R0 FMAX F›"4›˜›^F˜›ppd
6 CYCL DEF 200 DRILLING ©4dF˜=FOama›apm9˜=addamV
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q201=-10 ;DEPTH
Q206=250 ;FEED RATE FOR PLNGNG
Q202=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
Q210=0 ;DWELL TIME AT TOP
Q203=+0 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=10 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q211=0.25 ;DWELL TIME AT DEPTH

308 n˜pV"hhamV9˜¤*zpV"h’˜"m=˜pV"h˜F4›apm˜FzF"›’
 9.6 Programming Examples
7 L X+15 Y+10 R0 FMAX M3 p¦F˜›p˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜Op˜Vp¤z˜s
8 CALL LBL 1 "dd˜›^F˜’¤*zpV"h˜Op˜›^F˜Vp¤z
9 L X+45 Y+60 R0 FMAX p¦F˜›p˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜Op˜Vp¤z˜¢
10 CALL LBL 1 "dd˜›^F˜’¤*zpV"h˜Op˜›^F˜Vp¤z
11 L X+75 Y+10 R0 FMAX p¦F˜›p˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜Op˜Vp¤z˜
12 CALL LBL 1 "dd˜›^F˜’¤*zpV"h˜Op˜›^F˜Vp¤z
13 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 m=˜pO˜h"am˜zpV"h
14 LBL 1 FVammamV˜pO˜’¤*zpV"h˜s9˜ p¤z˜pO˜^pdF’
15 CYCL CALL pdF˜s
16 L IX.20 R0 FMAX M99 p¦F˜›p˜¢m=˜^pdF:˜4"dd˜4©4dF
17 L IY+20 R0 FMAX M99 p¦F˜›p˜=˜^pdF:˜4"dd˜4©4dF
18 L IX-20 R0 FMAX M99 p¦F˜›p˜T›^˜^pdF:˜4"dd˜4©4dF
19 LBL 0 m=˜pO˜’¤*zpV"h˜s
20 END PGM UP1 MM

   ˜˜¢¬ 309

9.6 Programming Examples

Example: Group of holes with several tools

pV"h˜’F„¤Fm4F
„ pV"h˜›^F˜Oa¨F=˜4©4dF’˜am˜›^F˜h"am˜zpV"h
Y Y
„ "dd˜›^F˜Fm›aF˜^pdF˜z"››Fm˜|’¤*zpV"h s}
„ zzp"4^˜›^F˜Vp¤z’˜pO˜^pdF’˜am˜’¤*zpV"h s:˜ 100
4"dd˜Vp¤z˜pO˜^pdF’˜|’¤*zpV"h˜¢}
„ pV"h˜›^F˜Vp¤z˜pO˜^pdF’˜pmd©˜pm4F˜am˜
’¤*zpV"h ¢ 2
60

5
20

1 3

20
10

X Z
15 45 75 100 -15

-20

0 BEGIN PGM UP2 MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+4 FOamF˜›ppd9˜4Fm›F˜=add
4 TOOL DEF 2 L+0 R+3 FOamF˜›ppd9˜=add
5 TOOL DEF 2 L+0 R+3.5 FOamF˜›ppd9˜F"hF
6 TOOL CALL 1 Z S5000 "dd˜›ppd9˜4Fm›F˜=add
7 L Z+250 R0 FMAX F›"4›˜›^F˜›ppd
8 CYCL DEF 200 DRILLING ©4dF˜=FOama›apm9˜ 
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q202=-3 ;DEPTH
Q206=250 ;FEED RATE FOR PLNGNG
Q202=3 ;PLUNGING DEPTH
Q210=0 ;DWELL TIME AT TOP
Q203=+0 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=10 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q211=0.25 ;DWELL TIME AT DEPTH
9 CALL LBL 1 "dd˜’¤*zpV"h˜s˜Op˜›^F˜Fm›aF˜^pdF˜z"››Fm

310 n˜pV"hhamV9˜¤*zpV"h’˜"m=˜pV"h˜F4›apm˜FzF"›’
 9.6 Programming Examples
10 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M6 ppd˜4^"mVF
11 TOOL CALL 2 Z S4000 "dd˜›ppd9˜=add
12 FN 0: Q201 = -25 F§˜=Fz›^˜Op˜=addamV
13 FN 0: Q202 = +5 F§˜zd¤mVamV˜=Fz›^˜Op˜=addamV
14 CALL LBL 1 "dd˜’¤*zpV"h˜s˜Op˜›^F˜Fm›aF˜^pdF˜z"››Fm
15 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M6 ppd˜4^"mVF
16 TOOL CALL 3 Z S500 "dd˜›ppd9˜F"hF
17 CYCL DEF 201 REAMING ©4dF˜=FOama›apm9˜ 
Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE
Q201=-15 ;DEPTH
Q206=250 ;FEED RATE FOR PLNGNG
Q211=0.5 ;DWELL TIME AT DEPTH
Q208=400 ;RETRACTION FEED RATE
Q203=+0 ;SURFACE COORDINATE
Q204=10 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE
18 CALL LBL 1 "dd˜’¤*zpV"h˜s˜Op˜›^F˜Fm›aF˜^pdF˜z"››Fm
19 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2 m=˜pO˜h"am˜zpV"h

20 LBL 1 FVammamV˜pO˜’¤*zpV"h˜s9˜m›aF˜^pdF˜z"››Fm
21 L X+15 Y+10 R0 FMAX M3 p¦F˜›p˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜Op˜Vp¤z˜s
22 CALL LBL 2 "dd˜’¤*zpV"h˜¢˜Op˜›^F˜Vp¤z
23 L X+45 Y+60 R0 FMAX p¦F˜›p˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜Op˜Vp¤z˜¢
24 CALL LBL 2 "dd˜’¤*zpV"h˜¢˜Op˜›^F˜Vp¤z
25 L X+75 Y+10 R0 FMAX p¦F˜›p˜’›"›amV˜zpam›˜Op˜Vp¤z˜
26 CALL LBL 2 "dd˜’¤*zpV"h˜¢˜Op˜›^F˜Vp¤z
27 LBL 0 m=˜pO˜’¤*zpV"h˜s

28 LBL 2 FVammamV˜pO˜’¤*zpV"h˜¢9˜ p¤z˜pO˜^pdF’

29 CYCL CALL s’›˜^pdF˜§a›^˜"4›a¦F˜Oa¨F=˜4©4dF
30 L 9X+20 R0 FMAX M99 p¦F˜›p˜¢m=˜^pdF:˜4"dd˜4©4dF
31 L IY+20 R0 FMAX M99 p¦F˜›p˜=˜^pdF:˜4"dd˜4©4dF
32 L IX-20 R0 FMAX M99 p¦F˜›p˜T›^˜^pdF:˜4"dd˜4©4dF
33 LBL 0 m=˜pO˜’¤*zpV"h˜¢
34 END PGM UP2 MM

   ˜˜¢¬ 311

 10
Programming: Q Parameters
 10.1 Principle and Overview
10.1 Principle and Overview

You can program an entire family of parts in a single part program. You
do this by entering variables called Q parameters instead of fixed
numerical values.
Q parameters can represent information such as:
Q6
„ Coordinate values
„ Feed rates
Q1 Q3
„ Spindle speeds
„ Cycle data Q4
Q2
Q parameters also enable you to program contours that are defined
with mathematical functions. You can also use Q parameters to make
Q5
the execution of machining steps depend on logical conditions. In
conjunction with FK programming you can also combine contours that
do not have NC-compatible dimensions with Q parameters.
Q parameters are designated by the letter Q and a number between
0 and 1999. They are grouped according to various ranges:

Meaning Range
Freely applicable parameters, globally effective Q1600 to
for all programs stored in the TNC memory Q1999

Freely applicable parameters, as long as no Q0 to Q99

overlapping with SL cycles can occur, globally
effective for the respective program

Parameters for special TNC functions Q100 to Q199

Parameters that are primarily used for cycles, Q200 to

globally effective for all programs that are stored Q1399
in the TNC memory

Parameters that are primarily used for call-active Q1400 to

OEM cycles, globally effective for all programs Q1499
that are stored in the TNC memory

Parameters that are primarily used for DEF- Q1500 to

active OEM cycles, globally effective for all Q1599
programs that are stored in the TNC memory

314 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.1 Principle and Overview
Programming notes
You can mix Q parameters and fixed numerical values within a
program.

Some Q parameters are always assigned the same data by

the TNC. For example, Q108 is always assigned the
current tool radius (see “Preassigned Q Parameters,”
page 360).

Calling Q parameter functions

When you are writing a part program, press the “Q” key (in the
numeric keypad for numerical input and axis selection, below the +/–
key). The TNC then displays the following soft keys:

Function group Soft key Page

Basic arithmetic (assign, add, subtract, Page 317
multiply, divide, square root)

Trigonometric functions Page 319

Function for calculating circles Page 321

If/then conditions, jumps Page 322

Other functions Page 325

Entering formulas directly Page 356

Formula for string parameters Page 363

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 315

 10.2 Part Families—Q Parameters
10.2 Part Families—Q Parameters in Place of Numerical Values

in Place of Numerical Values

The Q parameter function FN0: ASSIGN assigns numerical values to
Q parameters. This enables you to use variables in the program
instead of fixed numerical values.

Example NC blocks
15 FNO: Q10=25 Assign
... Q10 is assigned the value 25
25 L X +Q10 Means L X +25

You need write only one program for a whole family of parts, entering
the characteristic dimensions as Q parameters.
To program a particular part, you then assign the appropriate values to
the individual Q parameters.

Example
Cylinder with Q parameters
Cylinder radius R = Q1
Cylinder height H = Q2 Q1
Cylinder Z1 Q1 = +30
Q2 = +10
Cylinder Z2 Q1 = +10
Q2 = +50 Q1

Q2 Z2

Q2
Z1

316 10 Programming: Q Parameters

10.3 Describing Contours through

10.3 Describing Contours through Mathematical Operations

Mathematical Operations
Function
The Q parameters listed below enable you to program basic
mathematical functions in a part program:
8 Select a Q parameter function: Press the Q key (in the numerical
keypad at right). The Q parameter functions are displayed in a soft-
key row.
8 To select the mathematical functions, press the BASIC
ARITHMETIC soft key. The TNC then displays the following soft
keys:

Overview

Function Soft key

FN0: ASSIGN
Example: FN0: Q5 = +60
Assigns a numerical value.

FN1: ADDITION
Example: FN1: Q1 = –Q2 + –5
Calculates and assigns the sum of two values.

FN2: SUBTRACTION
Example: FN2: Q1 = +10 – +5
Calculates and assigns the difference of two values.

FN3: MULTIPLICATION
Example: FN3: Q2 = +3 * +3
Calculates and assigns the product of two values.

FN4: DIVISION
Example: FN4: Q4 = +8 DIV +Q2
Calculates and assigns the quotient of two values.
Not permitted: Division by 0

FN5: SQUARE ROOT

Example: FN5: Q20 = SQRT 4
Calculates and assigns the square root of a number.
Not permitted: Square root of a negative number

To the right of the “=” character you can enter the following:
„ Two numbers
„ Two Q parameters
„ A number and a Q parameter
The Q parameters and numerical values in the equations can be
entered with positive or negative signs.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 317

10.3 Describing Contours through Mathematical Operations

Programming fundamental operations

Example: Example: Program blocks in the TNC

16 FN0: Q5 = +10
Call the Q parameter functions by pressing the Q key.
17 FN3: Q12 = +Q5 * +7

To select the mathematical functions, press the

BASIC ARITHMETIC soft key.

To select the Q parameter function ASSIGN, press

the FN0 X = Y soft key.

PARAMETER NO. FOR RESULT?

5 Enter the number of the Q parameter, e.g. 5.

1ST VALUE OR PARAMETER?

10 Assign the value 10 to Q5.

Call the Q parameter functions by pressing the Q key.

To select the mathematical functions, press the

BASIC ARITHMETIC soft key.

To select the Q parameter function

MULTIPLICATION, press the FN3 X * Y soft key.

PARAMETER NO. FOR RESULT?

12 Enter the number of the Q parameter, e.g. 12.

1ST VALUE OR PARAMETER?

Q5 Enter Q5 for the first value.

2ND VALUE OR PARAMETER?

7 Enter 7 for the second value.

318 10 Programming: Q Parameters

10.4 Trigonometric Functions

10.4 Trigonometric Functions

Definitions
Sine, cosine and tangent are terms designating the ratios of sides of
right triangles. In this case:
Sine: sin α = a / c
Cosine: cos α = b / c
Tangent: tan α = a / b = sin α / cos α
c
where a

„ c is the side opposite the right angle

α
„ a is the side opposite the angle α
b
„ b is the third side.
The TNC can find the angle from the tangent:
α = arc tan (a / b) = arc tan (sin α / cos α)

Example:
a = 25 mm
b = 50 mm
α = arctan (a / b) = arctan 0.5 = 26.57°
Furthermore:
a² + b² = c² (where a² = a x a)
c = (a² + b²)

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 319

10.4 Trigonometric Functions

Programming trigonometric functions

Press the ANGLE FUNCTION soft key to call the angle functions. The
TNC then displays the following soft keys:
Programming: Compare “Example: Programming fundamental
operations.”

Function Soft key

FN6: SINE
Example: FN6: Q20 = SIN–Q5
Calculates the sine of an angle in degrees (°) and
assigns it to a parameter.

FN7: COSINE
Example: FN7: Q21 = COS–Q5
Calculate the cosine of an angle in degrees (°) and
assign it to a parameter.

FN8: ROOT SUM OF SQUARES

Example: FN8: Q10 = +5 LEN +4
Calculate and assign length from two values.

FN13: ANGLE
Example: FN13: Q20 = +25 ANG–Q1
Calculates the angle from the arc tangent of two sides
or from the sine and cosine of the angle (0 < angle <
360°) and assigns it to a parameter.

320 10 Programming: Q Parameters

10.5 Calculating Circles

10.5 Calculating Circles

Function
The TNC can use the functions for calculating circles to calculate the
circle center and the circle radius from three or four given points on the
circle. The calculation is more accurate if four points are used.
Application: These functions can be used if you wish to determine the
location and size of a hole or a pitch circle using the programmable
probing function.

Function Soft key

FN23: Determining the CIRCLE DATA from three
points
Example: FN23: Q20 = CDATA Q30

The coordinate pairs for three points of the circle must be stored in
Parameter Q30 and in the following five parameters, i.e. to Q35.
The TNC then stores the circle center of the reference axis (X with
spindle axis Z) in Parameter Q20, the circle center of the minor axis (Y
with spindle axis Z) in Parameter Q21 and the circle radius in
Parameter Q22.

Function Soft key

FN24: Determining the CIRCLE DATA from four
points
Example: FN24: Q20 = CDATA Q30

The coordinate pairs for four points of the circle must be stored in
Parameter Q30 and in the following seven parameters, i.e. to Q37.
The TNC then stores the circle center of the reference axis (X with
spindle axis Z) in Parameter Q20, the circle center of the minor axis (Y
with spindle axis Z) in Parameter Q21 and the circle radius in
Parameter Q22.

Note that FN23 and FN24 automatically overwrite the

resulting parameter and the two following parameters.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 321

 10.6 If-Then Decisions with
10.6 If-Then Decisions with Q Parameters

Q Parameters
Function
The TNC can make logical If-Then decisions by comparing a
Q parameter with another Q parameter or with a numerical value. If
the condition is fulfilled, the TNC continues the program at the label
that is programmed after the condition (for information on labels, see
“Labeling Subprograms and Program Section Repeats,” page 298). If
it is not fulfilled, the TNC continues with the next block.
To call another program as a subprogram, enter PGM CALL after the
block with the target label.

Unconditional jumps
An unconditional jump is programmed by entering a conditional jump
whose condition is always true. Example:
FN9: IF+10 EQU+10 GOTO LBL1

Programming If-Then decisions

Press the JUMP soft key to call the If-Then conditions. The TNC then
displays the following soft keys:

Function Soft key

FN9: IF EQUAL, JUMP
Example: FN9: IF +Q1 EQU +Q3 GOTO LBL “UPCAN25“
If the two values or parameters are equal, jump to the
given label.

FN10: IF NOT EQUAL, JUMP

Example: FN10: IF +10 NE –Q5 GOTO LBL 10
If the two values or parameters are not equal, jump to
the given label.

FN11: IF GREATER THAN, JUMP

Example: FN11: IF+Q1 GT+10 GOTO LBL 5
If the first parameter or value is greater than the
second value or parameter, jump to the given label.

FN12: IF LESS THAN, JUMP

Example: FN12: IF+Q5 LT+0 GOTO LBL “ANYNAME“
If the first value or parameter is less than the second
value or parameter, jump to the given label.

322 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.6 If-Then Decisions with Q Parameters
Abbreviations used:
IF : If
EQU : Equals
NE : Not equal
GT : Greater than
LT : Less than
GOTO : Go to

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 323

 10.7 Checking and Changing
10.7 Checking and Changing Q Parameters

Q Parameters
Procedure
You can check Q parameters when writing, testing and running
programs in all operating modes and, except in the test run, edit them.
8 If you are in a program run, interrupt it if required (for example, by
pressing the machine STOP button and the INTERNAL STOP soft
key). If you are in a test run, interrupt it.
8 To call Q parameter functions: Press the Q INFO soft
key in the Programming and Editing mode of
operation.
8 The TNC opens a pop-up window in which you can
enter the desired range for display of the Q
parameters or string parameters
8 In the Program Run Single Block, Program Run Full
Sequence and Test Run modes of operation, select
the screen layout Program + Status
8 Select the Program + Q PARAM soft key

8 Select the Q PARAMETER LIST soft key

8 The TNC opens a pop-up window in which you can
enter the desired range for display of the Q
parameters or string parameters
8 With the Q PARAMETER REQUEST soft key (available
only in Manual Operation, Program Run Full
Sequence and Program Run Single Block), you can
request individual Q parameters. To assign a new
value, overwrite the displayed value and confirm with
the OK.

324 10 Programming: Q Parameters

10.8 Additional Functions

10.8 Additional Functions

Overview
Press the DIVERSE FUNCTION soft key to call the additional
functions. The TNC then displays the following soft keys:

Function Soft key Page

FN14:ERROR Page 326
Output error messages

FN16:F-PRINT Page 328

Formatted output of texts or
Q parameter values

FN18:SYS-DATUM READ Page 331

Read system data

FN19:PLC Page 339

Transfer values to the PLC

FN20:WAIT FOR Page 340

Synchronize NC and PLC

FN25:PRESET Page 342

Set datum during program run

FN29:PLC Page 343

Transfer up to eight values to the PLC

FN37:EXPORT Page 344

Export local Q parameters or QS
parameters into a calling program

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 325

10.8 Additional Functions

FN14: ERROR: Displaying error messages

With the function FN14: ERROR you can call messages under Error number Text
program control. The messages were programmed by the machine 1000 Spindle?
tool builder or by HEIDENHAIN. Whenever the TNC comes to a block
with FN 14 in the Program Run or Test Run mode, it interrupts the 1001 Tool axis is missing
program run and displays a message. The program must then be 1002 Tool radius too small
restarted. The error numbers are listed in the table below. 1003 Tool radius too large
1004 Range exceeded
Range of error numbers Standard dialog text
1005 Start position incorrect
0 ... 299 FN 14: Error code 0 .... 299 1006 ROTATION not permitted
1007 SCALING FACTOR not permitted
300 ... 999 Machine-dependent dialog
1008 MIRRORING not permitted
1000 ... 1099 Internal error messages (see table 1009 Datum shift not permitted
at right) 1010 Feed rate is missing
1011 Entry value incorrect
1012 Wrong sign programmed
The machine tool builder can change the FN14:ERROR
function. Refer to your machine manual. 1013 Entered angle not permitted
1014 Touch point inaccessible
1015 Too many points
Example NC block
1016 Contradictory entry
The TNC is to display the text stored under error number 254.
1017 CYCL incomplete
180 FN14: ERROR = 254 1018 Plane wrongly defined
1019 Wrong axis programmed
1020 Wrong RPM
1021 Radius comp. undefined
1022 Rounding-off undefined
1023 Rounding radius too large
1024 Program start undefined
1025 Excessive subprogramming
1026 Angle reference missing
1027 No fixed cycle defined
1028 Slot width too small
1029 Pocket too small
1030 Q202 not defined
1031 Q205 not defined
1032 Enter Q218 greater than Q219
1033 CYCL 210 not permitted
1034 CYCL 211 not permitted
1035 Q220 too large
1036 Enter Q222 greater than Q223
1037 Q244 must be greater than 0
1038 Q245 must not equal Q246
1039 Angle range must be < 360°
1040 Enter Q223 greater than Q222
1041 Q214: 0 not permitted

326 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.8 Additional Functions
Error number Text
1042 Traverse direction not defined
1043 No datum table active
1044 Position error: center in axis 1
1045 Position error: center in axis 2
1046 Hole diameter too small
1047 Hole diameter too large
1048 Stud diameter too small
1049 Stud diameter too large
1050 Pocket too small: rework axis 1
1051 Pocket too small: rework axis 2
1052 Pocket too large: scrap axis 1
1053 Pocket too large: scrap axis 2
1054 Stud too small: scrap axis 1
1055 Stud too small: scrap axis 2
1056 Stud too large: rework axis 1
1057 Stud too large: rework axis 2
1058 TCHPROBE 425: length exceeds max
1059 TCHPROBE 425: length below min
1060 TCHPROBE 426: length exceeds max
1061 TCHPROBE 426: length below min
1062 TCHPROBE 430: diameter too large
1063 TCHPROBE 430: diameter too small
1064 No measuring axis defined
1065 Tool breakage tolerance exceeded
1066 Enter Q247 unequal 0
1067 Enter Q247 greater than 5
1068 Datum table?
1069 Enter direction Q351 unequal 0
1070 Thread depth too large
1071 Missing calibration data
1072 Tolerance exceeded
1073 Block scan active
1074 ORIENTATION not permitted
1075 3-D ROT not permitted
1076 Activate 3-D ROT
1077 Enter depth as a negative value
1078 Q303 not defined in measuring cycle
1079 Tool axis not allowed
1080 Calculated values incorrect
1081 Contradictory measuring points
1082 Clearance height entered incorrectly
1083 Contradictory type of plunging
1084 Machining cycle not permitted

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 327

10.8 Additional Functions

Error number Text

1085 Line is write-protected
1086 Oversize greater than depth
1087 No point angle defined
1088 Contradictory data
1089 Slot position 0 not permitted
1090 Enter infeed unequal 0

FN16: F-PRINT: Formatted output of texts or

Q parameter values
The function FN16: F-PRINT transfers Q parameter values and texts in
a selectable format through the data interface, for example to a printer.
If you save the values internally or send them to a computer, the TNC
saves the data in the file that you defined in the FN 16 block.
To output the formatted texts and Q parameter values, create a text
file with the TNC’s text editor. In this file you then define the output
format and Q parameters you want to output.
Example of a text file to define the output format:
“TEST RECORD IMPELLER CENTER OF GRAVITY”;
“DATE: %2d-%2d-%4d“,DAY,MONTH,YEAR4;
“TIME: %2d:%2d:%2d“,HOUR,MIN,SEC;“
“————————————————————————“
“NO. OF MEASURED VALUES : = 1”;
“*******************************************“;#
“X1 = %9.3LF”, Q31;
“Y1 = %9.3LF”, Q32;
“Z1 = %9.3LF”, Q33;
“******************************************“;

328 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.8 Additional Functions
When you create a text file, use the following formatting functions:

Special
Function
character
“............“ Define the output format for texts and variables
between the quotation marks.

%9.3LF Define format for Q parameter:

9 places in total (with decimal point), three of
which are decimal places, long, floating
(decimal number)

%S Format for text variable

, Separation character between output format

and parameter

; End of block character

The following functions allow you to include the following additional

information in the protocol log file:

Code word Function

CALL_PATH Gives the path for the NC program where you
will find the FN16 function. Example:
“Measuring program: %S”,CALL_PATH;

M_CLOSE Closes the file to which you are writing with

FN16. Example: M_CLOSE;

L_ENGLISH Display the text only in English conversational

L_GERMAN Display the text only in German conversational

L_CZECH Display text only in Czech conversational

L_FRENCH Display text only in French conversational

L_ITALIAN Display text only in Italian conversational

L_SPANISH Display text only in Spanish conversational

L_SWEDISH Output text only in Swedish conversational

L_DANISH Display text only in Danish conversational

L_FINNISH Display text only in Finnish conversational

L_DUTCH Display the text only in Dutch conversational

L_POLISH Display text only in Polish conversational

L_HUNGARIA Display text only in Hungarian conversational

L_ALL Display the text independent of the

conversational language

HOUR Number of hours from the real-time clock

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 329

10.8 Additional Functions

Code word Function

MIN Number of minutes from the real-time clock

SEC Number of seconds from the real-time clock

DAY Day from the real-time clock

MONTH Month as a number from the real-time clock

STR_MONTH Month as a string abbreviation from the real-

time clock

YEAR2 Two-digit year from the real-time clock

YEAR4 Four-digit year from the real-time clock

In the part program, program FN 16: F-PRINT, to activate the

output:
96 FN16: F-PRINT TNC:\MASKE\MASKE1.A/RS232:\PROT1.TXT

The TNC then outputs the file PROT1.TXT through the serial interface:
CALIBRAT. CHART IMPELLER CENTER GRAVITY
DATE: 27:11:2001
TIME: 8:56:34
NO. OF MEASURED VALUES : = 1
*******************************************
X1 = 149.360
Y1 = 25.509
Z1 = 37.000
*******************************************

If you use FN 16 several times in the program, the TNC

saves all texts in the file that you have defined with the
first FN 16 function. The file is not output until the TNC
reads the END PGM block, or you press the NC stop
button, or you close the file with M_CLOSE.
In the FN16 block, program the format file and the log file
with their respective extensions.
If you enter only the file name for the path of the log file,
the TNC saves the log file in the directory in which the NC
program with the FN16 function is located.
You can output up to 32 Q parameters per line in the
format description file.

330 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.8 Additional Functions
FN18: SYS-DATUM READ Read system data
With the function FN 18: SYS-DATUM READ you can read system
data and store them in Q parameters. You select the system data
through a group number (ID number), and additionally through a
number and an index.

Group name, ID No. Number Index Meaning

Program information, 10 3 - Number of active fixed cycle

103 Q parameter Relevant within NC cycles; for inquiry as to whether the Q

number parameter given under IDX was explicitly stated in the
associated CYCLE DEF.

System jump addresses, 13 1 - Label jumped to during M2/M30 instead of the value that
ends the current program = 0: M2/M30 has the normal
effect

2 - Label jumped to if FN14: ERROR after the NC CANCEL

reaction instead of aborting the program with an error.
The error number programmed in the FN14 command can
be read under ID992 NR14.
Value = 0: FN14 has the normal effect.

3 - Label jumped to in the event of an internal server error

(SQL, PLC, CFG) instead of aborting the program with an
error.
Value = 0: Server error has the normal effect.

Machine status, 20 1 - Active tool number

2 - Prepared tool number

3 - Active tool axis

0=X, 1=Y, 2=Z, 6=U, 7=V, 8=W

4 - Programmed spindle rpm

5 - Active spindle status: –1=undefined, 0=M3 active,

1=M4 active, 2=M5 after M3, 3=M5 after M4

8 - Coolant status: 0=off, 1=on

9 - Active feed rate

10 - Index of the prepared tool

11 - Index of the active tool

Channel data, 25 1 - Channel number

Cycle parameter, 30 1 - Set-up clearance of active fixed cycle

2 - Drilling depth / milling depth of active fixed cycle

3 - Plunging depth of active fixed cycle

4 - Feed rate for pecking in active fixed cycle

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 331

10.8 Additional Functions

Group name, ID No. Number Index Meaning

5 - 1st side length for rectangular pocket cycle

6 - 2nd side length for rectangular pocket cycle

7 - 1st side length for slot cycle

8 - 2nd side length for slot cycle

9 - Radius for circular pocket cycle

10 - Feed rate for milling in active fixed cycle

11 - Direction of rotation for active fixed cycle

12 - Dwell time for active fixed cycle

13 - Thread pitch for Cycles 17, 18

14 - Milling allowance for active fixed cycle

15 - Direction angle for rough out in active fixed cycle

15 - Direction angle for rough out in active fixed cycle

21 - Probe angle

22 - Probe path

23 - Probing feed rate

Modal condition, 35 1 - Dimensioning:

0 = absolute (G90)
1 = incremental (G91)

Data for SQL tables, 40 1 - Result code for the last SQL command

Data from the tool table, 50 1 Tool no. Tool length

2 Tool no. Tool radius

3 Tool no. Tool radius R2

4 Tool no. Oversize for tool length DL

5 Tool no. Oversize for tool radius DR

6 Tool no. Oversize for tool radius DR2

7 Tool no. Tool inhibited (0 or 1)

8 Tool no. Number of replacement tool

9 Tool no. Maximum tool age TIME1

10 Tool no. Maximum tool age TIME2

11 Tool no. Current tool age CUR. TIME

332 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.8 Additional Functions
Group name, ID No. Number Index Meaning
12 Tool no. PLC status

13 Tool no. Maximum tooth length LCUTS

14 Tool no. Maximum plunge angle ANGLE

15 Tool no. TT: Number of teeth CUT

16 Tool no. TT: Wear tolerance for length LTOL

17 Tool no. TT: Wear tolerance for radius RTOL

18 Tool no. TT: Rotational direction DIRECT (0=positive/-1=negative)

19 Tool no. TT: Offset for radius R-OFFS

20 Tool no. TT: Offset for length L-OFFS

21 Tool no. TT: Breakage tolerance in length LBREAK

22 Tool no. TT: Breakage tolerance in radius RBREAK

23 Tool no. PLC value

24 Tool no. Center misalignment in reference axis CAL-OF1

25 Tool no. Center misalignment in minor axis CAL-OF2

26 Tool no. Spindle angle for calibration CAL-ANG

27 Tool no. Tool type for pocket table

28 Tool no. Maximum rpm NMAX

Pocket table data, 51 1 Pocket number Tool number

2 Pocket number Special tool: 0=no, 1=yes

3 Pocket number Fixed pocket: 0=no, 1=yes

4 Pocket number Locked pocket: 0=no, 1=yes

5 Pocket number PLC status

Pocket number of a tool in the 1 Tool no. Pocket number

tool-pocket table, 52

2 Tool no. Tool magazine number

Immediately after TOOL CALL 1 - Tool number T

programmed values, 60

2 - Active tool axis

0=X6=U
1=Y7=V
2=Z8=W

3 - Spindle speed S

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 333

10.8 Additional Functions

Group name, ID No. Number Index Meaning

4 - Oversize for tool length DL

5 - Oversize for tool radius DR

6 - Automatic TOOL CALL

0 = yes, 1 = no

7 - Oversize for tool radius DR2

8 - Tool index

9 - Active feed rate

Immediately after TOOL DEF 1 - Tool number T

programmed values, 61

2 - Length

3 - Radius

4 - Index

5 - Tool data programmed in TOOL DEF

1 = yes, 0 = no

Active tool compensation, 200 1 1 = without Active radius

oversize
2 = with oversize
3 = with oversize
and oversize
from
TOOL CALL

2 1 = without Active length

oversize
2 = with oversize
3 = with oversize
and oversize
from
TOOL CALL

3 1 = without Rounding radius R2

oversize
2 = with oversize
3 = with oversize
and oversize
from
TOOL CALL

Active transformations, 210 1 - Basic rotation in MANUAL OPERATION mode

2 - Programmed rotation with Cycle 10

3 - Active mirror axis

0: mirroring not active

334 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.8 Additional Functions
Group name, ID No. Number Index Meaning
+1: X axis mirrored

+2: Y axis mirrored

+4: Z axis mirrored

+64: U axis mirrored

+128: V axis mirrored

+256: W axis mirrored

Combinations = sum of individual axes

4 1 Active scaling factor in X axis

4 2 Active scaling factor in Y axis

4 3 Active scaling factor in Z axis

4 7 Active scaling factor in U axis

4 8 Active scaling factor in V axis

4 9 Active scaling factor in W axis

5 1 3-D ROT A axis

5 2 3-D ROT B axis

5 3 3-D ROT C axis

6 - Tilted working plane active / inactive (–1/0) in a Program

Run operating mode

7 - Tilted working plane active / inactive (–1/0) in a Manual

operating mode

Active datum shift, 220 2 1 X axis

2 Y axis

3 Z axis

4 A axis

5 B axis

6 C axis

7 U axis

8 V axis

9 W axis

Traverse range, 230 2 1 to 9 Negative software limit switch in axes 1 to 9

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 335

10.8 Additional Functions

Group name, ID No. Number Index Meaning

3 1 to 9 Positive software limit switch in axes 1 to 9

5 - Software limit switch on or off:

0 = on, 1 = off

Nominal position in the REF 1 1 X axis

system, 240

2 Y axis

3 Z axis

4 A axis

5 B axis

6 C axis

7 U axis

8 V axis

9 W axis

Current position in the active 1 1 X axis

coordinate system, 270

2 Y axis

3 Z axis

4 A axis

5 B axis

6 C axis

7 U axis

8 V axis

9 W axis

TS triggering touch probe, 350 50 1 Touch probe type

2 line in the touch probe table

51 - Effective length

52 1 Radius of ring gauge

2 Rounding radius

53 1 Center misalignment in ref. axis

2 Center misalignment in minor axis

336 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.8 Additional Functions
Group name, ID No. Number Index Meaning
54 - Direction of center misalignment with respect to spindle
0°

2 Center misalignment in minor axis

55 1 Rapid traverse

2 Probe feed rate

56 1 Maximum measuring range

2 Set-up clearance

57 1 Oriented spindle stop possible

0 = no, 1 = yes

2 Angle of spindle orientation in degrees

Reference point from touch 1 1 to 9 Last reference point of a manual touch probe cycle, or last
probe cycle, 360 (X, Y, Z, A, B, C, touch point from Cycle without probe length
U, V, W) compensation but with probe radius compensation
(workpiece coordinate system)

2 1 to 9 Last reference point of a manual touch probe cycle, or last

(X, Y, Z, A, B, C, touch point from Cycle 0 without probe length
U, V, W) compensation but with probe radius compensation
(machine coordinate system)

3 1 to 9 Result of measurement of the touch probe cycles 0 and 1

(X, Y, Z, A, B, C, without touch probe radius and probe length
U, V, W) compensation

4 1 to 9 Last reference point of a manual touch probe cycle, or last

(X, Y, Z, A, B, C, touch point from Cycle 0 without probe length
U, V, W) compensation but with probe radius compensation
(workpiece coordinate system)

10 - Oriented spindle stop

Value from the active datum table Line Column Read values
in the active coordinate system,
500

Read data of the current tool, 950 1 - Tool length L

2 - Tool radius R

3 - Tool radius R2

4 - Oversize for tool length DL

5 - Oversize for tool radius DR

6 - Oversize for tool radius DR2

7 - Tool locked TL:

0 = not locked, 1 = locked

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 337

10.8 Additional Functions

Group name, ID No. Number Index Meaning

8 - Number of replacement tool RT

9 - Maximum tool age TIME1

10 - Maximum tool age TIME2

11 - Current tool age CUR. TIME

12 - PLC status

13 - Maximum tooth length LCUTS

14 - Maximum plunge angle ANGLE

15 - TT: Number of teeth CUT

16 - TT: Wear tolerance for length LTOL

17 - TT: Wear tolerance for radius RTOL

18 - TT: Rotational direction DIRECT

0 = positive, –1 = negative

19 - TT: Offset for radius R-OFFS

R = 99999.9999

20 - TT: Offset for length L-OFFS

21 - TT: Breakage tolerance in length LBREAK

22 - TT: Breakage tolerance in radius RBREAK

23 - PLC value

24 - Tool type TYPE

0 = cutter, 21 = touch probe

Touch probe cycles, 990 1 - Approach behavior:

0 = standard behavior
1 = effective radius, safety clearance is zero

2 - 0 = probe monitoring off

1 = probe monitoring on

Execution status, 992 10 - Block scan active

1 = yes, 0 = no

11 - Search phase

14 - Number of the last FN14 error

16 - Real execution active

1 = execution , 2 = simulation

Example: Assign the value of the active scaling factor for the
Z axis to Q25
55 FN18: SYSREAD Q25 = ID210 NR4 IDX3

338 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.8 Additional Functions
FN19: PLC: Transferring values to the PLC
The function FN 19: PLC transfers up to two numerical values or
Q parameters to the PLC.
Increments and units: 0.1 µm or 0.0001°

Example: Transfer the numerical value 10 (which means 1 µm or

0.001°) to the PLC
56 FN19: PLC=+10/+Q3

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 339

10.8 Additional Functions

FN20: WAIT FOR: NC and PLC synchronization

This function may only be used with the permission of

your machine tool builder.

With function FN 20: WAIT FOR you can synchronize the NC and PLC
with each other during a program run. The NC stops machining until
the condition that you have programmed in the FN 20 block is fulfilled.
With FN10 the TNC can check the following operands:

PLC operand Abbreviation Address range

Marker M 0 to 4999

Input I 0 to 31, 128 to 152

64 to 126 (first PL 401 B)
192 to 254 (second
PL 401 B)

Output O 0 to 30
32 to 62 (first PL 401 B)
64 to 94 (second PL 401 B)

Counter C 48 to 79

Timer T 0 to 95

Byte B 0 to 4095

Word W 0 to 2047

Double word D 2048 to 4095

Now for the first time with the TNC 320, HEIDENHAIN has equipped
a control with an expanded interface for communication between the
PLC and NC. This is a new, symbolic Application Programmer
Interface (API). The familiar previous PLC-NC interface is also available
and can be used if desired. The machine tool builder decides whether
the new or old TNC API is used. Enter the name of the symbolic
operand as string to wait for the defined condition of the symbolic
operand.
The following conditions are permitted in the FN 20 block:

Condition Abbreviation
Equals ==

Less than <

Greater than >

Less than or equal <=

Greater than or equal >=

340 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.8 Additional Functions
Example: Stop program run until the PLC sets marker 4095 to 1
32 FN20: WAIT FOR M4095==1

Example: Stop program run until the PLC sets the symbolic
operand to 1
32 FN20: APISPIN[0].NN_SPICONTROLINPOS==1

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 341

10.8 Additional Functions

FN 25: PRESET: Setting a new datum

This function can only be programmed if you have entered

the code number 555343 (see “Entering Code Numbers,”
page 399).

With the function FN 25: PRESET, it is possible to set a new datum in

an axis of choice during program run.
8 Select a Q parameter function: Press the Q key (in the numerical
keypad at right). The Q parameter functions are displayed in a soft-
key row.
8 To select the additional functions, press the DIVERSE FUNCTIONS
soft key.
8 Select FN25: Switch the soft-key row to the second level, press the
FN25 DATUM SET soft key.
8 Axis?: Enter the axis where you wish to set the new datum and
confirm with ENT.
8 Value to be calculated?: Enter the coordinate for the new datum
point in the active coordinate system.
8 New datum?: Enter the coordinate that the value to be converted
should have in the new coordinate system.

Example: Set a new datum at the current coordinate X+100

56 FN25: PRESET = X/+100/+0

Example: The current coordinate Z+50 will have the value –20 in
the new coordinate system
56 FN25: PRESET = Z/+50/-20

342 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.8 Additional Functions
FN29: PLC: Transferring values to the PLC
The function FN 29: PLC transfers up to eight numerical values or
Q parameters to the PLC.
Increments and units: 0.1 µm or 0.0001°

¨"hzdF9˜"m’OF˜›^F˜m¤hFa4"d˜¦"d¤F˜s¬˜|§^a4^˜hF"m’˜s˜kh˜p˜
¬¬¬s@}˜›p˜›^F˜
56 FN29: PLC=+10/+Q3/+Q8/+7/+1/+Q5/+Q2/+15

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 343

10.8 Additional Functions

FN37:EXPORT
You need the FN37: EXPORT function if you want to create your own
cycles and integrate them in the TNC. The Q parameters 0 to 99 are
effective only locally. This means that the Q parameters are effective
only in the program in which they were defined. With the FN37:
EXPORT function you can export locally effective Q parameters into
another (calling) program.

¨"hzdF9˜^F˜dp4"d˜˜z""hF›F˜¢Q˜a’˜F¨zp›F=
56 FN37: EXPORT Q25

¨"hzdF9˜^F˜dp4"d˜˜z""hF›F’˜¢Q˜›p˜¬˜"F˜F¨zp›F=
56 FN37: EXPORT Q25 - Q30

The TNC exports the value that the parameter has at the
time of the EXPORT command.
The parameter is exported only to the presently calling
program.

344 10 Programming: Q Parameters

10.9 Accessing Tables with SQL

10.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands

Commands
Introduction
Accessing of tables is programmed on the TNC with SQL commands
in “transactions.” A transaction consists of multiple SQL commands
that guarantee an orderly execution of the table entries.

Tables are configured by the machine manufacturer.

Names and designations required as parameters for SQL
commands are also specified.

The following terms are used:

„ Table: A table consists of x columns and y rows. It is saved as a file
in the File Manager of the TNC, and is addressed with the path and
file name (=table name). Synonyms can also be used for addressing,
as an alternative to the path and file name.
„ Columns: The number and names of the columns are specified
when configuring the table. In some SQL commands the column
name is used for addressing.
„ Rows: The number of rows is variable. You can insert new rows.
There are no row numbers or other designators. However, you can
select rows based on the contents of a column. Rows can only be
deleted in the table editor, not by an NC program.
„ Cell: The part of a column in a row.
„ Table entry: Content of a cell.
„ Result set: During a transaction, the selected columns and rows are
managed in the result set. You can view the result set as a sort of
“intermediate memory,” which temporarily assumes the set of
selected columns and rows
„ Synonym: This term defines a name used for a table instead of its
path and file name. Synonyms are specified by the machine
manufacturer in the configuration data.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 345

10.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands

A Transaction
In principle, a transaction consists of the following actions:
– Address table (file), select rows and transfer them to the result set.
– Read rows from the result set, change rows or insert new rows.
– Conclude transaction: If changes/insertions were made, the rows
from the result set are placed in the table (file).
Other actions are also necessary so that table entries can be edited in
an NC program and to ensure that other changes are not made to
copies of the same table rows at the same time. This results in the
following transaction sequence:
1 A Q parameter is specified for each column to be edited. The
Q parameter is assigned to a column—it is “bound” (SQL BIND...).
2 Address table (file), select rows and transfer them to the result set.
In addition, you define which columns are transferred to the result
set (SQL SELECT...).

You can “lock” the selected rows. Other processes can then read
these rows, but cannot change the table entries. You should
always lock the selected rows when you are going to make
changes (SQL SELECT ... FOR UPDATE).
3 Read rows from the result set, change rows or insert new rows:
– Transfer one row of the result set into the Q parameters of your
NC program (SQL FETCH...).
– Prepare changes in the Q parameters and transfer one row from
the result set (SQL UPDATE...).
– Prepare new table row in the Q parameters and transfer into the
result set as a new row (SQL INSERT...).
4 Conclude transaction:
– If changes/insertions were made, the data from the result set is
placed in the table (file). The data is now saved in the file. Any locks
are canceled, and the result set is released (SQL COMMIT...).
– If table entries were not changed or inserted (only read access),
any locks are canceled and the result set is released (SQL
ROLLBACK... WITHOUT INDEX).
Multiple transactions can be edited at the same time.

You must conclude a transaction, even if it consists solely

of read accesses. Only this guarantees that changes/
insertions are not lost, that locks are canceled, and that
result sets are released.

346 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands
Result set
The selected rows are numbered in ascending order within the result
set, starting from 0. This numbering is referred to as the index. The
index is used for read- and write-accesses, enabling a row of the result
set to be specifically addressed.
It can often be advantageous to sort the rows in the result set. Do this
by specifying the table column containing the sorting criteria. Also
select ascending or descending order (SQL SELECT ... ORDER BY ...).
The selected rows that were transferred to the result set are
addressed with the HANDLE. All following SQL commands use the
handle to refer to this “set of selected columns and rows.”
When concluding a transaction, the handle is released (SQL COMMIT...
or SQL ROLLBACK...). It is then no longer valid.
You can edit more than one result set at the same time. The SQL
server assigns a new handle for each "Select" command.
“Binding” Q parameters to columns
The NC program does not have direct access to the table entries in the
result set. The data must be transferred in Q parameters. In the other
direction, the data is first prepared in the Q parameters and then
transferred to the result set.
Specify with SQL BIND ... which table columns are mapped to which
Q parameters. The Q parameters are “bound” (assigned) to the
columns. Columns that are not bound to Q parameters are not
included in the read-/write-processes.
If a new table row is generated with SQL INSERT..., the columns not
bound to Q parameters are filled with default values.

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10.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands

Programming SQL commands

Program SQL commands in the Programming and Editing mode:
8 Call the SQL functions by pressing the SQL soft key.
8 Select an SQL command via soft key (see overview)
or press the SQL EXECUTE soft key and program the
SQL command.

Overview of the soft keys

Function Soft key

SQL EXECUTE
Program a “Select” command.

SQL BIND
“Bind” a Q parameter to a table column.

SQL FETCH
Read table rows from the result set and save them in
Q parameters.

SQL UPDATE
Save data from the Q parameters in an existing table
row in the result set.

SQL INSERT
Save data from the Q parameters in a new table row in
the result set.

SQL COMMIT
Transfer table rows from the result set into the table
and conclude the transaction.

SQL ROLLBACK
„ If INDEX is not programmed: Discard any changes/
insertions and conclude the transaction.
„ If INDEX is programmed: The indexed row remains in
the result set. All other rows are deleted from the
result set. The transaction is not concluded.

348 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands
SQL BIND
SQL BIND binds a Q parameter to a table column. The SQL commands Example: Bind a Q parameter to a table column
"Fetch," "Update" and "Insert" evaluate this binding (assignment) during
data transfer between the result set and the NC program. 11 SQL BIND Q881 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_NO"

An SQL BIND command without a table or column name cancels the 12 SQL BIND Q882 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_X"
binding. Binding remains effective at the longest until the end of the 13 SQL BIND Q883 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Y"
NC program or subprogram.
14 SQL BIND Q884 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Z"
„ You can program any number of bindings. Read and
write processes only take into account the columns that Example: Cancel binding
were entered in the "Select" command.
91 SQL BIND Q881
„ SQL BIND... must be programmed before "Fetch,"
"Update" or "Insert" commands are programmed. You 92 SQL BIND Q882
can program a "Select" command without a preceding
93 SQL BIND Q883
"Bind" command.
„ If in the "Select" command you include columns for 94 SQL BIND Q884
which no binding is programmed, an error occurs during
read/write processes (program interrupt).

8 Parameter no. for result: Q parameter that is

bound (assigned) to the table column.
8 Database: Column name: Enter the table name and
column name separated by a period.
Table name: Synonym or path and file name of this
table. The synonym is entered directly, whereas the
path and file name are entered in single quotation
marks.
Column designation: Designation of the table
column as given in the configuration data.

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10.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands

SQL SELECT
SQL SELECT selects table rows and transfers them to the result set. Example: Select all table rows
The SQL server places the data in the result set row-by-row. The rows 11 SQL BIND Q881 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_NO"
are numbered in ascending order, starting from 0. This row number,
called the INDEX, is used in the SQL commands "Fetch" and "Update." 12 SQL BIND Q882 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_X"

Enter the selection criteria in the SQL SELECT...WHERE... option. This 13 SQL BIND Q883 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Y"
lets you restrict the number of rows to be transferred. If you do not 14 SQL BIND Q884 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Z"
use this option, all rows in the table are loaded.
. . .
Enter the sorting criteria in the SQL SELECT...ORDER BY... option.
20 SQL Q5 "SELECT MEAS_NO,MEAS_X,MEAS_Y,
Enter the column designation and the keyword for ascending/
descending order. If you do not use this option, the rows are placed in MEAS_Z FROM TAB_EXAMPLE"
random order.
Example: Selection of table rows with the WHERE
Lock out the selected rows for other applications with the SQL option
SELECT...FOR UPDATE option. Other applications can continue to read
these rows, but cannot change them. We strongly recommend using . . .
this option if you are making changes to the table entries.
20 SQL Q5 "SELECT MEAS_NO,MEAS_X,MEAS_Y,
Empty result set: If no rows match the selection criteria, the SQL MEAS_Z FROM TAB_EXAMPLE WHERE MEAS_NO<20"
server returns a valid handle but no table entries.
Example: Selection of table rows with the WHERE
option and Q parameters

. . .
20 SQL Q5 "SELECT MEAS_NO,MEAS_X,MEAS_Y,
MEAS_Z FROM TAB_EXAMPLE WHERE
MEAS_NO==:’Q11’"

Example: Table name defined with path and file

name

. . .
20 SQL Q5 "SELECT MEAS_NO,MEAS_X,MEAS_Y,
MEAS_Z FROM ’V:\TABLE\TAB_EXAMPLE’ WHERE
MEAS_NO<20"

350 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands
8 Parameter no. for result: Q parameter for the
handle. The SQL server returns the handle for the
group of columns and rows selected with the current
select command.
In case of an error (selection could not be carried out),
the SQL server returns the code 1.
Code 0 identifies an invalid handle.
8 Data bank: SQL command text: with the following
elements:

SELECT (keyword): Name of the SQL command

Names of the table columns to be transferred.

Separate column names with a comma (see
examples). Q parameters must be bound to all
columns entered here.

FROM table name: Synonym or path and file name of

this table. The synonym is entered directly, whereas
the path and table name are entered in single
quotation marks (see examples).

Optional:
WHERE selection criteria: A selection criterion consists
of a column name, condition (see table) and
comparator. Link selection criteria with logical AND or
OR.
Program the comparator directly or with a
Q parameter. A Q parameter is introduced with a
colon and placed in single quotation marks (see
example).

Optional:
ORDER BY column name ASC to sort in ascending
order—or
ORDER BY column name DESC to sort in descending
order.
If neither ASC nor DESC are programmed, then
ascending order is used as the default setting.
The selected rows are placed in the order determined
by the indicated column.

Optional:
FOR UPDATE (keyword): The selected rows are locked
against write-accesses from other processes.

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10.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands

Condition Programming
Equal to =
==

Not equal to !=
<>

Less than <

Less than or equal to <=

Greater than >

Greater than or equal to >=

Linking multiple conditions:

Logical AND AND

Logical OR OR

352 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands
SQL FETCH
SQL FETCH reads the row addressed with INDEX from the result set, and Example: Row number is transferred in a
places the table entries in the bound (assigned) Q parameters. The Q parameter
result set is addressed with the HANDLE.
11 SQL BIND Q881 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_NO"
SQL FETCH takes into account all columns entered in the "Select"
command. 12 SQL BIND Q882 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_X"

8 Parameter no. for result: Q parameter in which the 13 SQL BIND Q883 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Y"
SQL server reports the result: 14 SQL BIND Q884 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Z"
0: No error occurred.
1: Error occurred (incorrect handle or index too large) . . .
20 SQL Q5 "SELECT MEAS_NO,MEAS_X,MEAS_Y,
8 Data bank: SQL access ID: Q parameter with the
handle for identifying the result set (also see SQL MEAS_Z FROM TAB_EXAMPLE"
SELECT). . . .
8 Data bank: Index for SQL result: Row number 30 SQL FETCH Q1 HANDLE Q5 INDEX+Q2
within the result set. The table entries of this row are
read and are transferred into the bound parameters. If Example: Row number is programmed directly
you do not enter an index, the first row is read (n=0).
Either enter the row number directly or program the . . .
Q parameter containing the index.
30 SQL FETCH Q1 HANDLE Q5 INDEX5

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10.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands

SQL UPDATE
SQL UPDATE transfers the data prepared in the Q parameters into the Example: Row number is transferred in a
row of the result set addressed with INDEX. The existing row in the Q parameter
result set is completely overwritten.
11 SQL BIND Q881 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_NO"
SQL UPDATE takes into account all columns entered in the "Select"
command. 12 SQL BIND Q882 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_X"

8 Parameter no. for result: Q parameter in which the 13 SQL BIND Q883 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Y"
SQL server reports the result: 14 SQL BIND Q884 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Z"
0: No error occurred.
1: Error occurred (incorrect handle, index too large, . . .
value outside of value range or incorrect data format) 20 SQL Q5 "SELECT MEAS_NO,MEAS_X,MEAS_Y,
8 Data bank: SQL access ID: Q parameter with the MEAS_Z FROM TAB_EXAMPLE"
handle for identifying the result set (also see SQL . . .
SELECT).
30 SQL FETCH Q1 HANDLE Q5 INDEX+Q2
8 Data bank: Index for SQL result: Row number
. . .
within the result set. The table entries prepared in the
Q parameters are written to this row. If you do not 40 SQL UPDATE Q1 HANDLE Q5 INDEX+Q2
enter an index, the first row is written to (n=0).
Either enter the row number directly or program the Example: Row number is programmed directly
Q parameter containing the index.
. . .
40 SQL UPDATE Q1 HANDLE Q5 INDEX5

SQL INSERT
SQL INSERT generates a new row in the result set and transfers the Example: Row number is transferred in a
data prepared in the Q parameters into the new row. Q parameter
SQL INSERT takes into account all columns entered in the "Select" 11 SQL BIND Q881 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_NO"
command. Table columns not entered in the "Select" command are
filled with default values. 12 SQL BIND Q882 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_X"

8 Parameter no. for result: Q parameter in which the 13 SQL BIND Q883 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Y"
SQL server reports the result: 14 SQL BIND Q884 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Z"
0: No error occurred.
1: Error occurred (incorrect handle, value outside of . . .
value range or incorrect data format) 20 SQL Q5 "SELECT MEAS_NO,MEAS_X,MEAS_Y,
8 Data bank: SQL access ID: Q parameter with the MEAS_Z FROM TAB_EXAMPLE"
handle for identifying the result set (also see SQL . . .
SELECT).
40 SQL INSERT Q1 HANDLE Q5

354 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands
SQL COMMIT
SQL COMMIT transfers all rows in the result set back to the table. A lock Example:
set with SELECT...FOR UPDATE is canceled.
11 SQL BIND Q881 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_NO"
The handle given in the SQL SELECT command loses its validity.
12 SQL BIND Q882 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_X"
8 Parameter no. for result: Q parameter in which the
SQL server reports the result: 13 SQL BIND Q883 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Y"
0: No error occurred. 14 SQL BIND Q884 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Z"
1: Error occurred (incorrect handle or equal entries in
columns requiring unique entries) . . .
20 SQL Q5 "SELECT MEAS_NO,MEAS_X,MEAS_Y,
8 Data bank: SQL access ID: Q parameter with the
handle for identifying the result set (also see SQL MEAS_Z FROM TAB_EXAMPLE"
SELECT). . . .
30 SQL FETCH Q1 HANDLE Q5 INDEX+Q2
. . .
40 SQL UPDATE Q1 HANDLE Q5 INDEX+Q2
. . .
50 SQL COMMIT Q1 HANDLE Q5

SQL ROLLBACK
The execution of SQL ROLLBACK depends on whether INDEX is Example:
programmed:
11 SQL BIND Q881 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_NO"
„ If INDEX is not programmed: The result set is not written back to the
table (any changes/insertions are discarded). The transaction is 12 SQL BIND Q882 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_X"
closed and the handle given in the SQL SELECT command loses its 13 SQL BIND Q883 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Y"
validity. Typical application: Ending a transaction solely containing
read-accesses. 14 SQL BIND Q884 "TAB_EXAMPLE.MEAS_Z"
„ If INDEX is programmed: The indexed row remains. All other rows . . .
are deleted from the result set. The transaction is not concluded. A 20 SQL Q5 "SELECT MEAS_NO,MEAS_X,MEAS_Y,
lock set with SELECT...FOR UPDATE remains for the indexed row. For
MEAS_Z FROM TAB_EXAMPLE"
all other rows it is reset.
. . .
8 Parameter no. for result: Q parameter in which the
SQL server reports the result: 30 SQL FETCH Q1 HANDLE Q5 INDEX+Q2
0: No error occurred. . . .
1: Error occurred (incorrect handle)
50 SQL ROLLBACK Q1 HANDLE Q5
8 Data bank: SQL access ID: Q parameter with the
handle for identifying the result set (also see SQL
SELECT).
8 Data bank: Index for SQL result: Row that is to
remain in the result set. Either enter the row number
directly or program the Q parameter containing the
index.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 355

 10.10 Entering Formulas Directly
10.10 Entering Formulas Directly

Entering formulas
You can enter mathematical formulas that include several operations
directly into the part program by soft key.
Press the FORMULA soft key to call the formula functions. The TNC
displays the following soft keys in several soft-key rows:

Logic command Soft key

Addition
Example: Q10 = Q1 + Q5

Subtraction
Example: Q25 = Q7 – Q108

Multiplication
Example: Q12 = 5 * Q5

Division
Example: Q25 = Q1 / Q2

Opening parenthesis
Example: Q12 = Q1 * (Q2 + Q3)

Closing parenthesis
Example: Q12 = Q1 * (Q2 + Q3)

Square of a value
Example: Q15 = SQ 5

Square root
Example: Q22 = SQRT 25

Sine of an angle
Example: Q44 = SIN 45

Cosine of an angle
Example: Q45 = COS 45

Tangent of an angle
Example: Q46 = TAN 45

Arc sine
Inverse of the sine. Determine the angle from the ratio
of the opposite side to the hypotenuse.
Example: Q10 = ASIN 0.75

Arc cosine
Inverse of the cosine. Determine the angle from the
ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse.
Example: Q11 = ACOS Q40

356 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.10 Entering Formulas Directly
Logic command Soft key
Arc tangent
Inverse of the tangent. Determine the angle from the
ratio of the opposite to the adjacent side.
Example: Q12 = ATAN Q50

Powers of values
Example: Q15 = 3^3

Constant “pi” (3.14159)

Example: Q15 = PI

Natural logarithm (LN) of a number

Base 2.7183
Example: Q15 = LN Q11

Logarithm of a number, base 10

Example: Q33 = LOG Q22

Exponential function, 2.7183 to the power of n

Example: Q1 = EXP Q12

Negate (multiplication by –1)

Example: Q2 = NEG Q1

Truncate decimal places

Form an integer
Example: Q3 = INT Q42

Absolute value of a number

Example: Q4 = ABS Q22

Truncate places before the decimal point

Form a fraction
Example: Q5 = FRAC Q23

Check algebraic sign of a number

Example: Q12 = SGN Q50
If result for Q12 = 1, then Q50 >= 0
If result for Q12 = –1, then Q50 < 0

Calculate modulo value

Example: Q12 = 400 % 360
Result: Q12 = 40

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10.10 Entering Formulas Directly

Rules for formulas

Mathematical formulas are programmed according to the following
rules:

Higher-level operations are performed first

12 Q1 = 5 * 3 + 2 * 10 = 35

1st calculation: 5 * 3 = 15
2nd calculation: 2 * 10 = 20
3. Calculation step 15 + 20 = 35

or
13 Q2 = SQ 10 - 3^3 = 73

1st calculation: 10 squared = 100

2nd calculation: 3 to the power of 3 = 27
3. Calculation step 100 –27 = 73

Distributive law
for calculating with parentheses
a * (b + c) = a * b + a * c

358 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.10 Entering Formulas Directly
Programming example
Calculate an angle with the arc tangent from the opposite side (Q12)
and adjacent side (Q13); then store in Q25.

To select the formula entering function, press the

Q key and FORMULA soft key.

PARAMETER NO. FOR RESULT?

Enter the parameter number.

25

Shift the soft-key row and select the arc tangent

function.

Shift the soft-key row and open the parentheses.

Enter Q parameter number 12.

12

Select division.

Enter Q parameter number 13.

13

Close parentheses and conclude formula entry.

Example NC block
37 Q25 = ATAN (Q12/Q13)

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 359

 10.11 Preassigned Q Parameters
10.11 Preassigned Q Parameters

The Q parameters Q100 to Q122 are assigned values by the TNC.

These values include:
„ Values from the PLC
„ Tool and spindle data
„ Data on operating status, etc.

Values from the PLC: Q100 to Q107

The TNC uses the parameters Q100 to Q107 to transfer values from
the PLC to an NC program.

Active tool radius: Q108

The active value of the tool radius is assigned to Q108. Q108 is
calculated from:
„ Tool radius R (Tool table or TOOL DEF block)
„ Delta value DR from the tool table
„ Delta value DR from the TOOL CALL block

Tool axis: Q109

The value of Q109 depends on the current tool axis:

Tool axis Parameter value

No tool axis defined Q109 = -1

X axis Q109 = 0

Y axis Q109 = 1

Z axis Q109 = 2

U axis Q109 = 6

V axis Q109 = 7

W axis Q109 = 8

360 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.11 Preassigned Q Parameters
Spindle status: Q110
The value of Q110 depends on which M function was last
programmed for the spindle:

M Function Parameter value

No spindle status defined Q110 = -1

M03: Spindle ON, clockwise Q110 = 0

M04: Spindle ON, counterclockwise Q110 = 1

M05 after M03 Q110 = 2

M05 after M04 Q110 = 3

Coolant on/off: Q111

M Function Parameter value

M08: Coolant ON Q111 = 1

M09: Coolant OFF Q111 = 0

Overlap factor: Q112

The overlap factor for pocket milling (MP7430) is assigned to Q112.

Unit of measurement for dimensions in the

program: Q113
The value of parameter Q113 specifies whether the highest-level NC
program (for nesting with PGM CALL) is programmed in millimeters or
inches.

Dimensions of the main program Parameter value

Metric system (mm) Q113 = 0

Inch system (inches) Q113 = 1

Tool length: Q114

The current value for the tool length is assigned to Q114.

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10.11 Preassigned Q Parameters

Coordinates after probing during program run

The parameters Q115 to Q119 contain the coordinates of the spindle
position at the moment of contact during programmed measurement
with the 3-D touch probe. The coordinates are referenced to the
datum that is currently active in the Manual operating mode.
The length and radius of the probe tip are not compensated in these
coordinates.

Coordinate axis Parameter value

X axis Q115

Y axis Q116

Z axis Q117

IVth axis Q118

Machine-dependent

Vth axis Q119

Machine-dependent

362 10 Programming: Q Parameters

10.12 String Parameters

10.12 String Parameters

Working with string parameters
You need string processing mainly to be able to read value from tables
and configuration data.
You can assign a linear sequence of characters (letters, numbers,
special characters and spaces) to a string parameter. You can also
check and process the assigned or imported values.

Assigning string parameters

You have to assign a string variable before you use it. Use the
DECLARE STRING command to do so.
8 To select the TNC special functions, press the
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS soft key
8 Select the DECLARE function

8 Select the STRING soft-key

Example NC block:
37 DECLARE STRING QS10 = "TEXT"

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10.12 String Parameters

String processing functions

The STRING FORMULA or FORMULA functions contain various
functions for processing the string parameters.
Use the STRING FORMULA function if you want to receive a string
parameter (e.g. QS10) as a result.
8 Select a Q parameter function: Press the Q key (in the
numerical keypad at right). The Q parameter functions
are displayed in a soft-key row.
8 Shift the soft-key row.
8 Select STRING FORMULA function
8 Enter the value for the string parameter in which the
result is stored
8 Press the enter key
8 Select the soft key for desired function
8 Press the enter key
8 Select the soft key for desired function

The string parameter for a result must also be assigned

beforehand. Use the DECLARE STRING function without
entering a string.

Use the FORMULA function if you want to receive a numerical value

(e.g. Q10) as a result.

Concatenation of string parameters

With the concatenation operator (string parameter II string parameter)
you can make a chain of two or more string parameters.

Example: Concatenation of two or more string parameters

37 QS10 = QS12 || QS13 || QS14

364 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.12 String Parameters
Exporting machine parameters
Because of the organization of the configuration data, access to
machine parameters is possible only by designating the key, tag and
attribute by using string parameters. Use the CFGREAD function.

Example: Import a machine parameter

37 QS20 = CFGREAD( KEY_QS10 TAG_QS11 ATR_QS12 )

Converting a numerical value to a string

parameter
The TOCHAR function converts a numerical value to a string
parameter. The value to be converted can be entered as a number or
a Q parameter. Also, you can enter the number of decimal places of
the string parameter output.

Example: Convert parameter Q50 as string parameter QS11

37 QS11 = TOCHAR( DAT+Q50 DECIMALS4 )

Converting a string parameter to a numerical

value
The TOCHAR function converts a string parameter to a numerical
value. The value to be converted should be only numerical.

Example: Convert string parameter QS11 to a numerical

parameter Q82
37 Q82 = TONUMB( SRC_QS11 )

Reading a substring from a string parameter

With the SUBSTR function you can import a certain range from a string
parameter.

Example: A four-character substring (LEN4) is read from the

string parameter QS10 beginning with the third character (BEG3).
37 QS13 = SUBSTR( SRC_QS10 BEG3 LEN4 )

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 365

10.12 String Parameters

Checking a string parameter

With the INSTR function you can check whether a string parameter is
contained in another string parameter.
In SRC_QS, enter the string parameter to be searched. In SEA_QS,
enter the string parameter to be found. With the BEG function you can
specify a position to begin the search. As the result the TNC returns
the first position of appearance. If it does not find such a string
parameter, it returns the value 0.

Example: QS10 is checked, starting from the third character, for

whether it contains QS13
37 Q50 = INSTR( SRC_QS10 SEA_QS13 BEG3 )

Reading the length of a string parameter

The STRLEN functions returns the length of a string parameter in the
given string variable.

Example: The length of QS15 is requested

37 Q52 = STRLEN( SRC_QS15 )

Reading the alphabetic order

With the STRCOMP function you can find the alphabetic order of
string parameters. If the first string parameter (SRC_QS) is
alphabetically before the second (SEA_QS); the TNC returns the result
+1. With the reverse sequence the result is –1. If they are
alphabetically equal the result is 0.

Example: The alphabetic sequence of QS12 and QS14 is checked

37 Q52 = STRCOMP( SRC_QS12 SEA_QS14 )

Reading system strings

You can also read string parameters for many system variables (FN 18:
SYSREAD). Enter the ID for the system variables plus the value 10000.

Example: Read the path of the NC program chosen with SEL PGM
".."
37 QS14 = SYSSTR( ID10010 NR10 )

366 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.13 Programming Examples
Example: Ellipse

Program sequence
„ The contour of the ellipse is approximated by
many short lines (defined in Q7). The more Y
calculation steps you define for the lines, the
smoother the curve becomes.
„ The machining direction can be altered by 50
changing the entries for the starting and end
angles in the plane:

30
Clockwise machining direction:
starting angle > end angle
50
Counterclockwise machining direction:
starting angle < end angle
„ The tool radius is not taken into account.

X
50

0 BEGIN PGM ELLIPSE MM

1 FN 0: Q1 = +50 Center in X axis
2 FN 0: Q2 = +50 Center in Y axis
3 FN 0: Q3 = +50 Semiaxis in X
4 FN 0: Q4 = +30 Semiaxis in Y
5 FN 0: Q5 = +0 Starting angle in the plane
6 FN 0: Q6 = +360 End angle in the plane
7 FN 0: Q7 = +40 Number of calculation steps
8 FN 0: Q8 = +0 Rotational position of the ellipse
9 FN 0: Q9 = +5 Milling depth
10 FN 0: Q10 = +100 Feed rate for plunging
11 FN 0: Q11 = +350 Feed rate for milling
12 FN 0: Q12 = +2 Set-up clearance for pre-positioning
13 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-20 Define the workpiece blank
14 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
15 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+2.5 Define the tool
16 TOOL CALL 1 Z S4000 Tool call
17 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool
18 CALL LBL 10 Call machining operation
19 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 367

10.13 Programming Examples

20 LBL 10 Subprogram 10: Machining operation

21 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT Shift datum to center of ellipse
22 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+Q1
23 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+Q2
24 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION Account for rotational position in the plane
25 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT+Q8
26 Q35 = (Q6 - Q5) / Q7 Calculate angle increment
27 Q36 = Q5 Copy starting angle
28 Q37 = 0 Set counter
29 Q21 = Q3 * COS Q36 Calculate X coordinate for starting point
30 Q22 = Q4 * SIN Q36 Calculate Y coordinate for starting point
31 L X+Q21 Y+Q22 R0 FMAX M3 Move to starting point in the plane
32 L Z+Q12 R0 FMAX Pre-position in tool axis to set-up clearance
33 L Z-Q9 R0 FQ10 Move to working depth

34 LBL 1
35 Q36 = Q36 + Q35 Update the angle
36 Q37 = Q37 + 1 Update the counter
37 Q21 = Q3 * COS Q36 Calculate the current X coordinate
38 Q22 = Q4 * SIN Q36 Calculate the current Y coordinate
39 L X+Q21 Y+Q22 R0 FQ11 Move to next point
40 FN 12: IF +Q37 LT +Q7 GOTO LBL 1 Unfinished? If not finished, return to LBL 1

41 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION Reset the rotation

42 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT+0
43 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT Reset the datum shift
44 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+0
45 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+0
46 L Z+Q12 F0 FMAX Move to set-up clearance
47 LBL 0 End of subprogram
48 END PGM ELLIPSE MM

368 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.13 Programming Examples
Example: Concave cylinder machined with spherical cutter

Program sequence
Z
„ Program functions only with a spherical cutter.
The tool length refers to the sphere center. R4
0 X
„ The contour of the cylinder is approximated by
many short line segments (defined in Q13). The
more line segments you define, the smoother
the curve becomes. -50

„ The cylinder is milled in longitudinal cuts (here: Y Y

parallel to the Y axis). 100

„ The machining direction can be altered by

changing the entries for the starting and end
angles in space:
Clockwise machining direction:
starting angle > end angle
Counterclockwise machining direction:
starting angle < end angle
„ The tool radius is compensated automatically.

50 100 X Z

0 BEGIN PGM CYLIN MM

1 FN 0: Q1 = +50 Center in X axis
2 FN 0: Q2 = +0 Center in Y axis
3 FN 0: Q3 = +0 Center in Z axis
4 FN 0: Q4 = +90 Starting angle in space (Z/X plane)
5 FN 0: Q5 = +270 End angle in space (Z/X plane)
6 FN 0: Q6 = +40 Radius of the cylinder
7 FN 0: Q7 = +100 Length of the cylinder
8 FN 0: Q8 = +0 Rotational position in the X/Y plane
9 FN 0: Q10 = +5 Allowance for cylinder radius
10 FN 0: Q11 = +250 Feed rate for plunging
11 FN 0: Q12 = +400 Feed rate for milling
12 FN 0: Q13 = +90 Number of cuts
13 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-50 Define the workpiece blank
15 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
15 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+3 Define the tool
16 TOOL CALL 1 Z S4000 Tool call
17 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool
18 CALL LBL 10 Call machining operation
19 FN 0: Q10 = +0 Reset allowance

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10.13 Programming Examples

20 CALL LBL 10 Call machining operation

21 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program

22 LBL 10 Subprogram 10: Machining operation

23 Q16 = Q6 - Q10 - Q108 Account for allowance and tool, based on the cylinder radius
24 FN 0: Q20 = +1 Set counter
25 FN 0: Q24 = +Q4 Copy starting angle in space (Z/X plane)
26 Q25 = (Q5 - Q4) / Q13 Calculate angle increment
27 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT Shift datum to center of cylinder (X axis)
28 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+Q1
29 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+Q2
30 CYCL DEF 7.3 Z+Q3
31 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION Account for rotational position in the plane
32 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT+Q8
33 L X+0 Y+0 R0 FMAX Pre-position in the plane to the cylinder center
34 L Z+5 R0 F1000 M3 Pre-position in the tool axis
35 LBL 1
36 CC Z+0 X+0 Set pole in the Z/X plane
37 LP PR+Q16 PA+Q24 FQ11 Move to starting position on cylinder, plunge-cutting obliquely into
the material
38 L Y+Q7 R0 FQ12 Longitudinal cut in Y+ direction
39 FN 1: Q20 = +Q20 + +1 Update the counter
40 FN 1: Q24 = +Q24 + +Q25 Update solid angle
41 FN 11: IF +Q20 GT +Q13 GOTO LBL 99 Finished? If finished, jump to end
42 LP PR+Q16 PA+Q24 FQ11 Move in an approximated “arc” for the next longitudinal cut
43 L Y+0 R0 FQ12 Longitudinal cut in Y– direction
44 FN 1: Q20 = +Q20 + +1 Update the counter
45 FN 1: Q24 = +Q24 + +Q25 Update solid angle
46 FN 12: IF +Q20 LT +Q13 GOTO LBL 1 Unfinished? If not finished, return to LBL 1
47 LBL 99
48 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION Reset the rotation
49 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT+0
50 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT Reset the datum shift
51 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+0
52 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+0
53 CYCL DEF 7.3 Z+0
54 LBL 0 End of subprogram
55 END PGM CYLIN

370 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.13 Programming Examples
Example: Convex sphere machined with end mill

Program sequence
„ This program requires an end mill.
„ The contour of the sphere is approximated by Y Y
many short lines (in the Z/X plane, defined in
Q14). The smaller you define the angle 100
increment, the smoother the curve becomes.
„ You can determine the number of contour cuts
through the angle increment in the plane

5
5

R4
(defined in Q18). R4
„ The tool moves upward in three-dimensional 50
cuts.
„ The tool radius is compensated automatically.

X Z
50 100 -50

0 BEGIN PGM SPHERE MM

1 FN 0: Q1 = +50 Center in X axis
2 FN 0: Q2 = +50 Center in Y axis
3 FN 0: Q4 = +90 Starting angle in space (Z/X plane)
4 FN 0: Q5 = +0 End angle in space (Z/X plane)
5 FN 0: Q14 = +5 Angle increment in space
6 FN 0: Q6 = +45 Radius of the sphere
7 FN 0: Q8 = +0 Starting angle of rotational position in the X/Y plane
8 FN 0: Q9 = +360 End angle of rotational position in the X/Y plane
9 FN 0: Q18 = +10 Angle increment in the X/Y plane for roughing
10 FN 0: Q10 = +5 Allowance in sphere radius for roughing
11 FN 0: Q11 = +2 Set-up clearance for pre-positioning in the tool axis
12 FN 0: Q12 = +350 Feed rate for milling
13 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-50 Define the workpiece blank
14 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
15 TOOL DEF 1 L+0 R+7.5 Define the tool
16 TOOL CALL 1 Z S4000 Tool call
17 L Z+250 R0 FMAX Retract the tool

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10.13 Programming Examples

18 CALL LBL 10 Call machining operation

19 FN 0: Q10 = +0 Reset allowance
20 FN 0: Q18 = +5 Angle increment in the X/Y plane for finishing
21 CALL LBL 10 Call machining operation
22 L Z+100 R0 FMAX M2 Retract in the tool axis, end program
23 LBL 10 Subprogram 10: Machining operation
24 FN 1: Q23 = +Q11 + +Q6 Calculate Z coordinate for pre-positioning
25 FN 0: Q24 = +Q4 Copy starting angle in space (Z/X plane)
26 FN 1: Q26 = +Q6 + +Q108 Compensate sphere radius for pre-positioning
27 FN 0: Q28 = +Q8 Copy rotational position in the plane
28 FN 1: Q16 = +Q6 + -Q10 Account for allowance in the sphere radius
29 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT Shift datum to center of sphere
30 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+Q1
31 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+Q2
32 CYCL DEF 7.3 Z-Q16
33 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION Account for starting angle of rotational position in the plane
34 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT+Q8
35 LBL 1 Pre-position in the tool axis
36 CC X+0 Y+0 Set pole in the X/Y plane for pre-positioning
37 LP PR+Q26 PA+Q8 R0 FQ12 Pre-position in the plane
38 CC Z+0 X+Q108 Set pole in the Z/X plane, offset by the tool radius
39 L Y+0 Z+0 FQ12 Move to working depth

372 10 Programming: Q Parameters

 10.13 Programming Examples
40 LBL 2
41 LP PR+Q6 PA+Q24 R9 FQ12 Move upward in an approximated “arc”
42 FN 2: Q24 = +Q24 - +Q14 Update solid angle
43 FN 11: IF +Q24 GT +Q5 GOTO LBL 2 Inquire whether an arc is finished. If not finished, return to LBL 2.
44 LP PR+Q6 PA+Q5 Move to the end angle in space
45 L Z+Q23 R0 F1000 Retract in the tool axis
46 L X+Q26 R0 FMAX Pre-position for next arc
47 FN 1: Q28 = +Q28 + +Q18 Update rotational position in the plane
48 FN 0: Q24 = +Q4 Reset solid angle
49 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION Activate new rotational position
50 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROT+Q28
51 FN 12: IF +Q28 LT +Q9 GOTO LBL 1
52 FN 9: IF +Q28 EQU +Q9 GOTO LBL 1 Unfinished? If not finished, return to label 1
53 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION Reset the rotation
54 CYCL DEF 10.1 ROT+0
55 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT Reset the datum shift
56 CYCL DEF 7.1 X+0
57 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y+0
58 CYCL DEF 7.3 Z+0
59 LBL 0 End of subprogram
60 END PGM SPHERE MM

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 373

 11
Test Run and Program Run
 11.1 Graphics
11.1 Graphics

Function
In the program run modes of operation as well as in the Test Run
mode, the TNC provides the following three display modes: Using soft
keys, select whether you desire:
„ Plan view
„ Projection in 3 planes
„ 3-D view
The TNC graphic depicts the workpiece as if it were being machined
with a cylindrical end mill. If a tool table is active, you can also simulate
the machining operation with a spherical cutter. For this purpose,
enter R2 = R in the tool table.
The TNC will not show a graphic if
„ the current program has no valid blank form definition
„ no program is selected

The graphic simulation is not possible for program

sections or programs in which rotary axis movements are
defined. In this case, the TNC will display an error
message.

376 11 Test Run and Program Run

 11.1 Graphics
Overview of display modes
The control displays the following soft keys in the Program Run and
Test Run modes of operation:

Display mode Soft key

Plan view

Projection in 3 planes

3-D view

Limitations during program run

A graphical representation of a running program is not possible if the
microprocessor of the TNC is already occupied with complicated
machining tasks or if large areas are being machined. Example:
Multipass milling over the entire blank form with a large tool. The TNC
interrupts the graphics and displays the text ERROR in the graphics
window. The machining process is continued, however.

Plan view
This is the fastest of the three graphic display modes.
8 Press the soft key for plan view.
8 Regarding depth display, remember:

The deeper the surface, the darker the shade.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 377

11.1 Graphics

Projection in 3 planes
Similar to a workpiece drawing, the part is displayed with a plan view
and two sectional planes.
Details can be isolated in this display mode for magnification (see
“Magnifying details,” page 380).
In addition, you can shift the sectional planes with the corresponding
soft keys:
8 Select the soft key for projection in three planes.

8 Shift the soft-key row and select the soft key for
sectional planes.
8 The TNC then displays the following soft keys:

Function Soft keys

Shift the vertical sectional plane to the right
or left

Shift the vertical sectional plane forward or

backward

Shift the horizontal sectional plane upwards

or downwards

The positions of the sectional planes are visible during shifting.

The default setting of the sectional plane is selected so that it lies in
the working plane and, in the tool axis, on the workpiece center.

378 11 Test Run and Program Run

 11.1 Graphics
3-D view
The workpiece is displayed in three dimensions, and can be rotated
about the vertical axis.
You can rotate the 3-D display about the vertical and horizontal axes.
The shape of the workpiece blank can be depicted by a frame overlay
at the beginning of the graphic simulation.
The shape of the workpiece blank can be depicted by a frame overlay
at the beginning of the graphic simulation.
In the Test Run mode of operation you can isolate details for
magnification, see “Magnifying details,” page 380.
8 Press the soft key for 3-D view.

Rotating the 3-D view

8 Shift the soft-key row until the soft-key for the rotation functions
appears.
8 Select the functions for rotation:

Function Soft keys

Rotate in 15° steps about the vertical axis

Rotate in 15° steps about the horizontal axis

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 379

11.1 Graphics

Magnifying details
You can magnify details in the Test Run and a program run operating
modes and in the projection in 3 planes and the 3-D display modes.
The graphic simulation or the program run, respectively, must first
have been stopped. A detail magnification is always effective in all
display modes.

Changing the detail magnification

The soft keys are listed in the table.
8 Interrupt the graphic simulation, if necessary.
8 Shift the soft-key row in the Test Run mode, or in a program run
mode, respectively, until the soft key for detail enlargement
appears.
8 Select the functions for section magnification.

8 Press the corresponding soft key to select the

workpiece surface (see table below).
8 To reduce or magnify the blank form, press and hold
the ZOOM IN or ZOOM OUT soft keys.
8 Shift the soft-key row and select the TRANSFER
DETAIL soft key
8 Restart the test run or program run by pressing the
START soft key (RESET + START returns the
workpiece blank to its original state).
Coordinates for magnifying details
The TNC displays the selected workpiece side for each axis and the
coordinates of the remaining form during a detail magnification.

Function Soft keys

Select the left/right workpiece surface

Select the front/back workpiece surface

Select the top/bottom workpiece surface

Shift the sectional plane to reduce or

magnify the blank form

Select the isolated detail

After a new workpiece detail magnification is selected, the

control “forgets” previously simulated machining
operations. The TNC then displays machined areas as
unmachined areas.

380 11 Test Run and Program Run

 11.1 Graphics
Repeating graphic simulation
A part program can be graphically simulated as often as desired, either
with the complete workpiece or with a detail of it.

Function Soft key

Restore workpiece blank to the detail magnification in
which it was last shown.

Reset detail magnification so that the machined

workpiece or workpiece blank is displayed as it was
programmed with BLK FORM.

With the WINDOW BLANK FORM soft key the TNC

returns the graphic of the workpiece blank to its originally
programmed dimensions.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 381

11.1 Graphics

Measuring the machining time

Program Run modes of operation
The timer counts and displays the time from program start to program
end. The timer stops whenever machining is interrupted.

Test Run
The timer displays the time that the TNC calculates from the duration
of tool movements. The time calculated by the TNC can only
conditionally be used for calculating the production time because the
TNC does not account for the duration of machine-dependent
interruptions, such as tool change.

Activating the stopwatch function

Shift the soft-key rows until the TNC displays the following soft keys
with the stopwatch functions:

Stopwatch functions Soft key

Store displayed time

Display the sum of stored time

and displayed time

Clear displayed time

382 11 Test Run and Program Run

11.2 Showing the Workpiece in the

11.2 Showing the Workpiece in the Working Space

Working Space
Function
This MOD function enables you to graphically check the position of the
workpiece blank or reference point in the machine’s working space
and to activate work space monitoring in the Test Run mode of
operation. This function is activated with the datum set soft key.
Another transparent cuboid represents the workpiece blank. Its
dimensions are shown in the BLK FORM table. The TNC takes the
dimensions from the workpiece blank definition of the selected
program. The workpiece cuboid defines the coordinate system for
input. Its datum lies within the traverse-range cuboid. You can view
the position of the active datum within the traverse range by pressing
the CURRENT DATUM soft key.
For a test run when working-space monitoring is deactivated, it does
not matter where the workpiece blank is located within the working
space. However, if you activate working-space monitoring, you must
graphically shift the workpiece blank so that it lies within the working
space. Use the soft keys shown in the table.
You can also activate the current datum for the Test Run operating
mode (see the last line of the following table).

Function Soft keys

Shift workpiece blank in positive/negative X
direction

Shift workpiece blank in positive/negative Y

direction

Shift workpiece blank in positive/negative Z

direction

Show workpiece blank referenced to the set

datum

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 383

 11.3 Functions for Program Display
11.3 Functions for Program Display

Overview
In the Program Run modes of operation as well as in the Test Run
mode, the TNC provides the following soft keys for displaying a part
program in pages:

Function Soft key

Go back in the program by one screen

Go forward in the program by one screen

Go to beginning of program

Go to end of program

384 11 Test Run and Program Run

11.4 Test Run

11.4 Test Run

Function
In the Test Run mode of operation you can simulate programs and
program sections to prevent errors from occurring during program run.
The TNC checks the programs for the following:
„ Geometrical incompatibilities
„ Missing data
„ Impossible jumps
„ Violation of the machine’s working space
The following functions are also available:
„ Blockwise test run
„ Optional block skip
„ Functions for graphic simulation
„ Measuring the machining time
„ Additional status display

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 385

11.4 Test Run

Running a program test

If the central tool file is active, a tool table must be active (status S) to
run a program test. Select a tool table via the file manager (PGM MGT)
in the Test Run mode of operation.
8 Select the Test Run operating mode
8 Call the file manager with the PGM MGT key and
select the file you wish to test, or
8 Go to the program beginning: Select line “0” with the
GOTO key and confirm your entry with the ENT key.
The TNC then displays the following soft keys:

Function Soft key

Reset the blank form and test the entire program

Test the entire program

Test each program block individually

Halt program test (soft key only appears once you have
started the program test)

You can interrupt the program test and continue it again at any point—
even within a machining cycle. In order to continue the test, the
following actions must not be performed:
„ Selecting another block with the GOTO key
„ Making changes to the program
„ Switching the operating mode
„ Selecting a new program

386 11 Test Run and Program Run

11.5 Program Run

11.5 Program Run

Function
In the Program Run, Full Sequence mode of operation the TNC
executes a part program continuously to its end or up to a program
stop.
In the Program Run, Single Block mode of operation you must start
each block separately by pressing the machine START button.
The following TNC functions can be used in the program run modes of
operation:
„ Interrupt program run
„ Start program run from a certain block
„ Optional block skip
„ Editing the tool table TOOL.T
„ Check and change Q parameters
„ Superimpose handwheel positioning
„ Functions for graphic simulation
„ Additional status display

Run a part program

Preparation
1 Clamp the workpiece to the machine table.
2 Set the datum.
3 Select the necessary tables and pallet files (status M).
4 Select the part program (status M).

You can adjust the feed rate and spindle speed with the
override knobs.
It is possible to reduce the rapid traverse speed when
starting the NC program using the FMAX soft key. The
entered value remains in effect even after the machine
has been turned off and on again. In order to re-establish
the original rapid traverse speed, you need to re-enter the
corresponding value.

Program Run, Full Sequence

8 Start the part program with the machine START button.

Program Run, Single Block

8 Start each block of the part program individually with the machine
START button.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 387

11.5 Program Run

Interrupting machining
There are several ways to interrupt a program run:
„ Programmed interruptions
„ Pressing the machine STOP button
If the TNC registers an error during program run, it automatically
interrupts the machining process.

Programmed interruptions
You can program interruptions directly in the part program. The TNC
interrupts the program run at a block containing one of the following
entries:
„ STOP (with and without a miscellaneous function)
„ Miscellaneous function M0, M2 or M30
„ Miscellaneous function M6 (determined by the machine tool builder)

Interrupting the machining process with the machine STOP

button
8 Press the machine STOP button: The block that the TNC is currently
executing is not completed. The NC stop signal in the status display
blinks (see table).
8 If you do not wish to continue the machining process, you can reset
the TNC with the INTERNAL STOP soft key. The NC stop signal in
the status display goes out. In this case, the program must be
restarted from the program beginning.

Symbol Meaning
Program run stopped.

Moving the machine axes during an interruption

You can move the machine axes during an interruption in the same
way as in the Manual Operation mode.

Application example:
Retracting the spindle after tool breakage
8 Interrupt machining.
8 Enable the external direction keys: Press the MANUAL OPERATION
soft key.
8 Move the axes with the machine axis direction buttons.

On some machines you may have to press the machine

START button after the MANUAL OPERATION soft key to
enable the axis direction buttons. Refer to your machine
manual.

388 11 Test Run and Program Run

 11.5 Program Run
Resuming program run after an interruption

If a program run is interrupted during a fixed cycle, the

program must be resumed from the beginning of the
cycle. This means that some machining operations will be
repeated.

If you interrupt a program run during execution of a subprogram or

program section repeat, use the RESTORE POS AT function to return
to the position at which the program run was interrupted.
When a program run is interrupted, the TNC stores:
„ The data of the last defined tool
„ Active coordinate transformations (e.g. datum shift, rotation,
mirroring)
„ The coordinates of the circle center that was last defined

Note that the stored data remain active until they are reset
(e.g. if you select a new program).

The stored data are used for returning the tool to the contour after
manual machine axis positioning during an interruption (RESTORE
POSITION soft key).

Resuming program run with the START button

You can resume program run by pressing the machine START button
if the program was interrupted in one of the following ways:
„ The machine STOP button was pressed.
„ An interruption was programmed.

Resuming program run after an error

If the error message is not blinking:
8 Remove the cause of the error.
8 To clear the error message from the screen, press the CE key.
8 Restart the program, or resume program run where it was
interrupted.
If there is a “processor check error”:
8 Switch to Manual mode,
8 Press the OFF soft key.
8 Remove the cause of the error.
8 Start again.
If you cannot correct the error, write down the error message and
contact your repair service agency.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 389

11.5 Program Run

Mid-program startup (block scan)

The RESTORE POS AT feature must be enabled and

adapted by the machine tool builder. Refer to your
machine manual.

With the RESTORE POS. AT feature (block scan) you can start a part
program at any block you desire. The TNC scans the program blocks
up to that point. Machining can be graphically simulated.
If you have interrupted a part program with an INTERNAL STOP, the
TNC automatically offers the interrupted block N for mid-program
startup.

Mid-program startup must not begin in a subprogram.

All necessary programs, tables and pallet files must be
selected in a Program Run mode of operation (status M).
If the program contains a programmed interruption before
the startup block, the block scan is interrupted. Press the
machine START button to continue the block scan.
User requests are not possible during mid-program
startup.
After a block scan, return the tool to the calculated position
with RESTORE POSITION.
Tool length compensation does not take effect until after
the tool call and a following positioning block. This applies
if you have only changed the tool length.

The TNC skips all touch probe cycles in a mid-program

startup. Result parameters that are written to from these
cycles might therefore remain empty.

390 11 Test Run and Program Run

 11.5 Program Run
8 To go to the first block of the current program to start a block scan,
enter GOTO “0”.
8 To select mid-program startup, press the RESTORE
POS AT N soft key.
8 Start-up at N: Enter the block number N at which the
block scan should end.
8 Program: Enter the name of the program containing
block N.
8 Repetitions: If block N is located in a program section
repeat, enter the number of repetitions to be
calculated in the block scan.
8 To start the block scan, press the machine START
button.
8 Contour approach (see following section).

Returning to the contour

With the RESTORE POSITION function, the TNC returns to the
workpiece contour in the following situations:
„ Return to the contour after the machine axes were moved during a
program interruption that was not performed with the
INTERNAL STOP function.
„ Return to the contour after a block scan with RESTORE POS AT, for
example after an interruption with INTERNAL STOP.
8 To select a return to contour, press the RESTORE POSITION soft
key.
8 Restore machine status, if required.
8 To move the axes in the sequence that the TNC suggests on the
screen, press the machine START button.
8 To move the axes in any sequence, press the soft keys RESTORE X,
RESTORE Z, etc., and activate each axis with the machine START
key.
8 To resume machining, press the machine START key.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 391

 11.6 Automatic Program Start
11.6 Automatic Program Start

Function

The TNC must be specially prepared by the machine tool

builder for use of the automatic program start function.
Refer to your machine manual.

CAUTION—danger to life!
The autostart function must not be used on machines that
do not have an enclosed working space.

In a Program Run operating mode, you can use the AUTOSTART soft
key (see figure at upper right) to define a specific time at which the
program that is currently active in this operating mode is to be started:
8 Show the window for entering the starting time (see
figure at center right).
8 Time (h:min:sec): Time of day at which the program
is to be started.
8 Date (DD.MM.YYYY): Date at which the program is to
be started.
8 To activate the start, select OK

392 11 Test Run and Program Run

11.7 Optional Block Skip

11.7 Optional Block Skip

Function
In a test run or program run, the TNC can skip over blocks that begin
with a slash “/”:
8 To run or test the program without the blocks
preceded by a slash, set the soft key to ON.
8 To run or test the program with the blocks preceded
by a slash, set the soft key to OFF.

This function does not work for TOOL DEF blocks.

After a power interruption the control returns to the most
recently selected setting.

Inserting the “/” character

8 In the Programming and Editing mode you select the block in which
the character is to be inserted.
8 Press the SHOW BLOCK soft key

Erasing the “/” character

8 In the Programming and Editing mode you select the block in which
the character is to be erased.
8 Press the HIDE BLOCK soft key

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 393

 11.8 Optional Program-Run
11.8 Optional Program-Run Interruption

Interruption
Function
The TNC optionally interrupts the program run or test run at blocks
containing M01. If you use M01 in the Program Run mode, the TNC
does not switch off the spindle or coolant.
8 Do not interrupt Program Run or Test Run at blocks
containing M01: Set soft key to OFF.
8 Interrupt Program Run or Test Run at blocks
containing M01: Set soft key to ON.

394 11 Test Run and Program Run

 12
MOD Functions
 12.1 MOD Functions
12.1 MOD Functions

The MOD functions provide additional input possibilities and displays.

The available MOD functions depend on the selected operating mode.

Selecting the MOD functions

Call the operating mode in which you wish to change the MOD
functions.
8 To select the MOD functions, press the MOD key.

Changing the settings

8 Select the desired MOD function in the displayed menu with the
arrow keys.
There are three possibilities for changing a setting, depending on the
function selected:
„ Enter only the number
„ Change the setting by pressing the ENT key
„ Change a setting via a selection window. If more than one possibility
is available for a particular setting, you can superimpose a window
listing all of the given possibilities by pressing the GOTO key. Select
the desired setting directly by pressing the arrow keys and then
confirming with ENT. If you don’t want to change the setting, close
the window again with END.

Exiting the MOD functions

8 Close the MOD functions with the END key or END soft key.

396 12 MOD Functions

 12.1 MOD Functions
Overview of MOD functions
Depending on the selected mode of operation, you can make the
following changes:
Programming and Editing:
„ Display software numbers
„ Enter code number
„ Machine-specific user parameters (if provided)
Test Run:
„ Display software numbers
„ Show active tool table in the test run
„ Show active datum table in the test run
In all other modes:
„ Display software numbers
„ Select position display
„ Unit of measurement (mm/inches)
„ Programming language for MDI
„ Select the axes for actual position capture
„ Display operating time

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 397

 12.2 Software Numbers
12.2 Software Numbers

Function
The following software numbers are displayed on the TNC screen
after the MOD functions have been selected:
„ Control model: Designation of the control (managed by
HEIDENHAIN)
„ NC software: Number of the NC software (managed by
HEIDENHAIN)
„ NC kernel: Number of the NC software (managed by
HEIDENHAIN)
„ PLC software: Number or name of the PLC software (managed
by your machine tool builder)

398 12 MOD Functions

12.3 Entering Code Numbers

12.3 Entering Code Numbers

Function
The TNC requires a code number for the following functions:

Function Code number

Select user parameters 123

Enable access to Ethernet configuration NET123

Enable special functions for 555343

Q-parameter programming

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 399

 12.4 Machine-Specific User
12.4 Machine-Specific User Parameters

Parameters
Function
To enable you to set machine-specific functions, your machine tool
builder can define which machine parameters are available as user
parameters.

Refer to your machine manual.

400 12 MOD Functions

12.5 Position Display Types

12.5 Position Display Types

Function
In the Manual Operation mode and in the Program Run modes of
operation, you can select the type of coordinates to be displayed.
The figure at right shows the different tool positions:
„ Starting position
„ Target position of the tool
„ Workpiece datum
„ Machine datum
The TNC position displays can show the following coordinates:

Function Display
Nominal position: the value presently NOML.
commanded by the TNC

Actual position; current tool position ACTL.

Reference position; the actual position relative to REF ACTL

the machine datum

Reference position; the nominal position relative REF NOML

to the machine datum

Servo lag: difference between nominal and actual LAG

positions (following error)

Distance remaining to the programmed position; DIST.

difference between actual and target positions

With the MOD function Position display 1, you can select the position
display in the status display.
With Position display 2, you can select the position display in the
additional status display.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 401

 12.6 Unit of Measurement
12.6 Unit of Measurement

Function
This MOD function determines whether the coordinates are displayed
in millimeters (metric system) or inches.
„ To select the metric system (e.g. X = 15.789 mm) set the Change
mm/inches function to mm. The value is displayed to 3 decimal
places.
„ To select the inch system (e.g. X = 0.6216 inches) set the Change
mm/inches function to inches. The value is displayed to 4 decimal
places.
If you would like to activate the inch display, the TNC shows the feed
rate in inch/min. In an inch program you must enter the feed rate larger
by a factor of 10.

402 12 MOD Functions

12.7 Display Operating Times

12.7 Display Operating Times

Function

The machine tool builder can provide further operating

time displays. The machine tool manual provides further
information.

The MACHINE TIME soft key enables you to see various types of
operating times:

Operating time Meaning

Control ON Operating time of the control since put into
service

Machine ON Operating time of the machine tool since

put into service

Program Run Duration of controlled operation since put

into service

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 403

 12.8 Setting the Data Interfaces
12.8 Setting the Data Interfaces

Serial interface on the TNC 320

The TNC 320 automatically uses the LSV2 transmission protocol for
serial data transfer. The LSV2 protocol is permanent and cannot be
changed except for setting the baud rate (machine parameter
baudRateLsv2). You can also specify another type of transmission
(interface). The settings described below are therefore effective only
for the respectively indicated interface.

Function
To set up a data interface, select the file management (PGM MGT) and
press the MOD key. Press the MOD key again and enter the code
number123. The TNC shows the user parameter GfgSerialInterface,
in which you can enter the following settings:

Setting the RS-232 interface

Open the RS232 folder. The TNC then displays the following settings:

Setting the baud rate (baudRate)

You can set the BAUD RATE (data transfer speed) from 110 to 115 200
baud.

Set the protocol (protocol)

The data transmission protocol controls the data flow of a serial
transmission (comperable with MP 5030).

Data transmission protocol Selection

Standard dialog transfer STANDARD

Blockwise data transfer BLOCKWISE

Transmission without protocol RAW_DATA

404 12 MOD Functions

 12.8 Setting the Data Interfaces
Set the data bits (dataBits)
By setting the data bits you define whether a character is transmitted
with 7 or 8 data bits.

Parity check (parity)

The parity bit helps the receiver to detect transmission errors. The
parity bit can be formed in three different ways:
„ No parity (NONE): There is no error detection
„ Even parity (EVEN): Here there is an error if the receiver finds that it
has received an odd number of set bits
„ Odd parity (ODD): Here there is an error if the receiver finds that it
has received an even number of set bits

Setting the stop bits (stopBits)

The start bit and one or two stop bits enable the receiver to
synchronize to every transmitted character during serial data
transmission.

Setting the handshake (flowControl)

With a handshake, two devices are checking the data transmission. A
distinction is made between software handshaking and hardware
handshaking.
„ No dataflow checking (NONE): Handshaking is not active
„ Hardware handshaking (RTS_CTS): Transmission stop is active
through RTS
„ Software handshaking (XON_XOFF): Transmission stop is active
through DC3 (XOFF)

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 405

12.8 Setting the Data Interfaces

Setting the operating mode of the external

device (fileSystem)

The functions “Transfer all files,” “Transfer selected file,”

and “Transfer directory” are not available in the FE2 and
FEX operating modes.

Operating
External device Symbol
mode
PC with HEIDENHAIN data transfer LSV2
software TNCremoNT

HEIDENHAIN floppy disk units FE1

Non-HEIDENHAIN devices such as FEX

punchers, PC without TNCremoNT

406 12 MOD Functions

 12.8 Setting the Data Interfaces
Software for data transfer
For transfer of files to and from the TNC, we recommend using the
HEIDENHAIN TNCremoNT data transfer software. With TNCremoNT,
data transfer is possible with all HEIDENHAIN controls via the serial
interface or the Ethernet interface.

You can download the current version of TNCremoNT free

of charge from the HEIDENHAIN Filebase
(www.heidenhain.de, <service>, <download area>,
<TNCremo NT>).

System requirements for TNCremoNT:

„ PC with 486 processor or higher
„ Operating system Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT 4.0,
Windows 2000
„ 16 MB RAM
„ 5 MB free memory space on your hard disk
„ An available serial interface or connection to the TCP/IP network

Installation under Windows

8 Start the SETUP.EXE installation program with the File Manager
(Explorer).
8 Follow the setup program instructions.

Starting TNCremoNT under Windows

8 Click <Start>, <Programs>, <HEIDENHAIN Applications>,
<TNCremoNT>
When you start TNCremoNT for the first time, TNCremoNT
automatically tries to set up a connection with the TNC.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 407

12.8 Setting the Data Interfaces

Data transfer between the TNC and TNCremoNT

Check whether the TNC is connected to the correct serial port on your
PC or to the network, respectively.
Once you have started TNCremoNT, you will see a list of all files that
are stored in the active directory in the upper section of the main
window 1. Using the menu items <File> and <Change directory>, you
can change the active directory or select another directory on your PC.
If you want to control data transfer from the PC, establish the
connection with your PC in the following manner:
8 Select <File>, <Setup connection>. TNCremoNT now receives the
file and directory structure from the TNC and displays this at the
bottom left of the main window 2.
8 To transfer a file from the TNC to the PC, select the file in the TNC
window with a mouse click and drag and drop the highlighted file
into the PC window 1.
8 To transfer a file from the PC to the TNC, select the file in the PC
window with a mouse click and drag and drop the highlighted file
into the TNC window 2.
If you want to control data transfer from the TNC, establish the
connection with your PC in the following way:
8 Select <Extras>, <TNCserver>. TNCremoNT is now in server mode.
It can receive data from the TNC and send data to the TNC.
8 You can now call the file management functions on the TNC by
pressing the key PGM MGT (see “Data transfer to or from an
external data medium” on page 70) and transfer the desired files.

End TNCremoNT
Select the menu items <File>, <Exit>.

Refer also to the TNCremoNT context-sensitive help texts

where all of the functions are explained in more detail. The
help texts must be called with the F1 key.

408 12 MOD Functions

12.9 Ethernet Interface

12.9 Ethernet Interface

Introduction
The TNC is shipped with a standard Ethernet card to connect the
control as a client in your network. The TNC transmits data via the
Ethernet card with
„ the smb protocol (server message block) for Windows operating
systems, or
„ the TCP/IP protocol family (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol) and with support from the NFS (Network File System).

Connection possibilities
You can connect the Ethernet card in your TNC to your network
through the RJ45 connection (X26, 100BaseTX or 10BaseT), or directly
to a PC. The connection is metallically isolated from the control
electronics.
For a 100BaseTX or 10BaseT connection you need a Twisted Pair
cable to connect the TNC to your network.
TNC
The maximum cable length between TNC and a node PC
depends on the quality grade of the cable, the sheathing
and the type of network (100BaseTX or 10BaseT).
No great effort is required to connect the TNC directly to a
10BaseT / 100BaseTx
PC that has an Ethernet card. Simply connect the TNC
(port X26) and the PC with an Ethernet crossover cable
(trade names: crossed patch cable or STP cable).

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 409

12.9 Ethernet Interface

Connecting the control to the network

Function overview of network configuration
8 In the file manager (PGM MGT), select the Network Soft key

Function Soft key

Make a connection to the selected network drive.
Successful connection is indicated by a check mark
under Mount.

Separates the connection to a network drive.

Activates or deactivates the Automount function (=

automatic connection of the network drive during
control startup). The status of the function is indicated
by a check mark under Auto in the network drive table.

With the ping function you can check whether a

connection is available to a certain participant. The
address is entered as four decimal numbers separated
by periods (dotted-decimal notation).

The TNC displays an overview window with

information on the active network connections.

Configures access to network drives. (Selectable only

after entry of the MOD code number NET123.)

Opens the dialog window for editing the data of an

existing network connection. (Selectable only after
entry of the MOD code number NET123.)

Configures the network address of the control.

(Selectable only after entry of the MOD code number
NET123.)

Deletes an existing network connection. (Selectable

only after entry of the MOD code number NET123.)

410 12 MOD Functions

 12.9 Ethernet Interface
Configuring the network address of the control.
8 Connect the TNC (port X26) with a network or a PC
8 In the file manager (PGM MGT), select the Network soft key.
8 Press the MOD key. Enter the code number NET123.
8 Press the CONFIGURE NETWORK soft key to enter the network setting
for a specific device (see figure at center right).
8 It opens the dialog window for the network configuration

Setting Meaning
HOSTNAME Name under which the control logs onto the
network. If you use a host name, you must
enter the “Fully Qualified Hostname” here. If
you do not enter a name here, the control uses
the so-called null authentication.

DHCP DHCP = Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

In the drop-down menu, set YES. Then the
control automatically draws its network address
(IP address), subnet mask, default router and
any broadcast address from a DHCP server in
the network. The DHCP server identifies the
control by its hostname. Your company network
must be specially prepared for this function.
Contact you network administrator.

IP ADDRESS Network address of the control: In each of the

four adjacent input fields you can enter 3 digits
of the IP address. To jump to the next field,
press the ENT key. Your network administrator
assigns the control's network address.

SUBNET MASK Serves to differentiate between the network ID

and the host ID in the network. Your network
administrator assigns the control's subnet
mask.

BROADCAST Broadcast address of the control. It is required

only if it differs from the standard setting. The
standard setting is formed from the network ID
and the host ID, for which all bits are set to 1.

ROUTER Network address default router: Required only if

your network consists of several subnets
connected by router.

The entered network configuration does not become

effective until the control is rebooted. After the network
configuration is concluded with the OK button or soft key,
the control asks for confirmation and reboots.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 411

12.9 Ethernet Interface

Configuring network access to other devices (mount)

Make sure that the person configuring your TNC is a

network specialist.
The parameters username, workgroup and password do not
need to be entered in all Windows operating systems.

8 Connect the TNC (port X26) with a network or a PC

8 In the file manager (PGM MGT), select the Network soft key.
8 Press the MOD key. Enter the code number NET123.
8 Press the DEFINE NETWORK CONNECTN. soft key.
8 It opens the dialog window for the network configuration

Setting Meaning
Mount device „ Connection over NFS: Directory name to be
mounted. This is formed from the network
address of the device, a colon, and the name
of the directory. Enter the network address as
four decimal numbers separated by periods
(dotted-decimal notation). Use the correct
capitalization when entering the path.
„ To connect individual Windows computers,
enter the network name and the share name
of the computer, e.g. //PC1791NT/C

Mount point Device name: The device name entered here is

displayed on the control in the program
management for the mounted network, e.g.
WORLD: (The name must end with a colon!)

File system File system type:

„ NFS: Network File System
„ SMB: Windows network

NFS option rsize: Packet size in bytes for data reception

wsize: Packet size for data transmission in
bytes
time0=: Time in tenths of a second, after which
the control repeats an unanswered Remote
Procedure Call.
soft: YES repeats the Remote Procedure Call
until the NFS server answers. If NO is entered, it
is not repeated

412 12 MOD Functions

 12.9 Ethernet Interface
Setting Meaning
SMB option Options that concern the SMB file system type:
Options are given without space characters,
separated only by commas. Pay attention to
capitalization.
Options:
ip: IP address of the Windows PC to which the
control is to be connected
username: User name with which the control is
to log on
workgroup: Work group under which the control
is to log on
password: Password with which the TNC is to
log on (up to 80 characters)
Further SMB options: Input of further options
for the Windows network

Automatic Automount (YES or NO): Here you specify

connection whether the network will be automatically
mounted when the control starts up. Devices
not automatically mounted can be mounted
anytime later in the program management.

You do not need to indicate the protocol with the

iTNC 530. It uses the transmission protocol according to
RFC 894.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 413

12.9 Ethernet Interface

Settings on a PC with Windows 2000

Prerequisite:
The network card must already be installed on the PC and
ready for operation.
If the PC that you want to connect the iTNC to is already
integrated in your company network, then keep the PC’s
network address and adapt the iTNC’s network address
accordingly.

8 To open Network Connections, click <Start>, <Control Panel>,

<Network and Dial-up Connections>, and then Network
Connections.
8 Right-click the <LAN connection> symbol, and then <Properties> in
the menu that appears.
8 Double-click <Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)> to change the IP settings
(see figure at top right).
8 If it is not yet active, select the <Use the following IP address>
option.
8 In the <IP address> input field, enter the same IP address that you
entered for the PC network settings on the iTNC, e.g. 160.1.180.1
8 Enter 255.255.0.0 in the <Subnet mask> input field.
8 Confirm the settings with <OK>.
8 Save the network configuration with <OK>. You may have to restart
Windows now.

414 12 MOD Functions

 13
Touch Probe Cycles in the
Manual and
Electronic Handwheel Modes
 13.1 Introduction
13.1 Introduction

Overview
The following functions are available in the Manual mode:

Function Soft key Page

Calibrate the effective length Page 417

Calibrate the effective radius Page 418

Measure a basic rotation using a line Page 420

Set the datum in any axis Page 422

Set a corner as datum Page 423

Set the circle center as datum Page 424

Touch probe system data management Page 424

Selecting probe cycles

8 Select the Manual Operation or Electronic Handwheel mode of
operation.
8 To choose the touch probe functions, press the
TOUCH PROBE soft key. The TNC displays additional
soft keys—see table above.
8 To select the probe cycle, press the appropriate soft
key, for example PROBING ROT, and the TNC
displays the associated menu.

416 13 Touch Probe Cycles in the Manual and Electronic Handwheel Modes
13.2 Calibrating a Touch Trigger

13.2 Calibrating a Touch Trigger Probe

Probe
Introduction
The touch probe must be calibrated in the following cases:
„ Commissioning
„ Stylus breakage
„ Stylus exchange
„ Change in the probe feed rate
„ Irregularities caused, for example, when the machine heats up
During calibration, the TNC finds the “effective” length of the stylus
and the “effective” radius of the ball tip. To calibrate the touch probe,
clamp a ring gauge of known height and known internal radius to the
machine table.

Calibrating the effective length

The effective length of the touch probe is always

referenced to the tool datum. The machine tool builder
usually defines the spindle tip as the tool datum.
Z
8 Set the datum in the spindle axis such that for the machine tool table
Z=0.
8 To select the calibration function for the touch probe Y
length, press the TOUCH PROBE and CAL. L soft
keys. The TNC then displays a menu window with
four input boxes. 5
X
8 Enter the tool axis (with the axis key).
8 Datum: Enter the height of the ring gauge.
8 The menu items Effective ball radius and Effective
length do not require input.
8 Move the touch probe to a position just above the ring
gauge.
8 To change the traverse direction (if necessary), press
a soft key or an arrow key.
8 To probe the upper surface of the ring gauge, press
the machine START button.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 417

13.2 Calibrating a Touch Trigger Probe

Calibrating the effective radius and

compensating center misalignment
After the touch probe is inserted, it normally needs to be aligned
exactly with the spindle axis. The misalignment is measured with this
calibration function and compensated electronically.
The TNC rotates the 3-D touch probe by 180° for calibrating the center
misalignment. Z
Proceed as follows for manual calibration:
8 In the Manual Operation mode, position the ball tip in the bore of the Y
ring gauge.
8 To select the calibration function for the ball-tip radius
and the touch probe center misalignment, press the X
CAL. R soft key.
10
8 Enter the radius of the ring gauge.
8 To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button four times. The touch probe contacts a
position on the bore in each axis direction and
calculates the effective ball-tip radius.
8 If you want to terminate the calibration function at this
point, press the END soft key.

In order to be able to determine ball-tip center

misalignment, the TNC needs to be specially prepared by
the machine manufacturer. The machine tool manual
provides further information.

8 If you want to determine the ball-tip center

misalignment, press the180° soft key. The TNC
rotates the touch probe by 180°.
8 To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button four times. The touch probe contacts a
position on the bore in each axis direction and
calculates the ball-tip center misalignment.

418 13 Touch Probe Cycles in the Manual and Electronic Handwheel Modes
 13.2 Calibrating a Touch Trigger Probe
Displaying calibration values
The TNC stores the effective length and radius, as well as the center
misalignment, for use when the touch probe is needed again. You can
display the values on the screen with the soft keys PARAMETER. The
TNC always uses the values from the touch probe management, even
it values are also entered in the tool table.

Make sure that you have activated the correct tool number
before using the touch probe, regardless of whether you
wish to run the touch probe cycle in automatic mode or
manual mode.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 419

 13.3 Compensating Workpiece
13.3 Compensating Workpiece Misalignment

Misalignment
Introduction
The TNC electronically compensates workpiece misalignment by
computing a “basic rotation.”
For this purpose, the TNC sets the rotation angle to the desired angle
with respect to the reference axis in the working plane. See figure at
right. Y Y
Select the probe direction perpendicular to the angle
reference axis when measuring workpiece misalignment.
To ensure that the basic rotation is calculated correctly
during program run, program both coordinates of the PA
working plane in the first positioning block.
You can also use a basic rotation in conjunction with the X X
PLANE function. In this case, first activate the basic A B
rotation and then the PLANE function.

Measuring the basic rotation

8 Select the probe function by pressing the PROBING
ROT soft key.
8 Position the ball tip at a starting position near the first
touch point.
8 Select the probe direction perpendicular to the angle
reference axis: Select the axis by soft key.
8 To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button.
8 Position the ball tip at a starting position near the
second touch point.
8 To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button. The TNC determines the basic rotation and
displays the angle after the dialog Rotation angle =

420 13 Touch Probe Cycles in the Manual and Electronic Handwheel Modes
 13.3 Compensating Workpiece Misalignment
Displaying a basic rotation
The angle of the basic rotation appears after ROTATION ANGLE
whenever PROBING ROT is selected. The TNC also displays the
rotation angle in the additional status display (STATUS POS.).
In the status display a symbol is shown for a basic rotation whenever
the TNC is moving the axes according to a basic rotation.

To cancel a basic rotation

8 Select the probe function by pressing the PROBING ROT soft key.
8 Enter a rotation angle of zero and confirm with the ENT key.
8 Terminate the probe function by pressing the END key.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 421

13.4 Setting the Datum with a 3-D Touch Probe

13.4 Setting the Datum with a 3-D

Touch Probe
Introduction
The following functions are available for setting the datum on an
aligned workpiece:
„ Datum setting in any axis with PROBING POS
„ Defining a corner as datum with PROBING P
„ Setting the datum at a circle center with PROBING CC

Note that during an active datum shift the TNC always

bases the probed value on the active preset (or on the
datum most recently set in the Manual operating mode),
although the datum shift is included in the position display.

To set the datum in any axis (see figure at right)

8 Select the probe function by pressing the
PROBING POS soft key.
8 Move the touch probe to a starting position near the
touch point.
8 Select the probe axis and direction in which you wish Z
to set the datum, such as Z in direction Z–. Selection
is made via soft keys. Y
8 To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button.
X
8 Datum: Enter the nominal coordinate (e.g. 0) and
confirm your entry with the SET DATUM soft key.
8 To terminate the probe function, press the END key.

422 13 Touch Probe Cycles in the Manual and Electronic Handwheel Modes
 13.4 Setting the Datum with a 3-D Touch Probe
Corner as datum—using points already probed
for a basic rotation (see figure at right)
8 Select the probe function by pressing the PROBING P
soft key.
8 Select the probe direction by soft key. Y Y
8 To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button.
8 Probe both workpiece sides twice.
8 To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button. Y=?
P P
8 Datum: Enter both datum coordinates into the menu
window, and confirm your entry with the SET X X
DATUM soft key. X=?

8 To terminate the probe function, press the END key.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 423

13.4 Setting the Datum with a 3-D Touch Probe

Circle center as datum

With this function, you can set the datum at the center of bore holes,
circular pockets, cylinders, studs, circular islands, etc. Y
Inside circle
The TNC automatically probes the inside wall in all four coordinate axis
directions. Y+

For incomplete circles (circular arcs) you can choose the appropriate
X– X+
probing direction.
8 Position the touch probe approximately in the center of the circle.
8 Select the probe function by pressing the PROBING
Y–
CC soft key
8 To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button four times. The touch probe touches four X
points on the inside of the circle.
8 If you are probing to find the stylus center (only
possible on machines with spindle orientation), press
the 180° soft key and probe another four points on the Y
inside of the circle. Y–
8 If you are not probing to find the stylus center, press
the END key. X+

8 Datum: In the menu window, enter both datum

coordinates and confirm your entry with the SET
DATUM soft key
8 To terminate the probe function, press the END key.
X–
Outside circle
8 Position the touch probe at the starting position for the first touch
point outside of the circle. Y+ X
8 Select the probe direction by soft key.
8 To probe the workpiece, press the machine START button.
8 Repeat the probing process for the remaining three points. See
figure at lower right.
8 Datum: Enter the coordinates of the datum and confirm your entry
with the SET DATUM soft key.
8 To terminate the probe function, press the END key.

After the probing procedure is completed, the TNC displays the

coordinates of the circle center and the circle radius PR.

424 13 Touch Probe Cycles in the Manual and Electronic Handwheel Modes
13.5 Measuring Workpieces with a

13.5 Measuring Workpieces with a 3-D Touch Probe

3-D Touch Probe
Introduction
You can also use the touch probe in the Manual and Electronic
Handwheel operating modes to make simple measurements on the
workpiece. Numerous programmable probing cycles are available for
more complex measuring tasks (see “Automatic Workpiece
Measurement” on page 430). With a 3-D touch probe you can
determine:
„ position coordinates, and from them,
„ dimensions and angles on the workpiece.

To find the coordinate of a position on an aligned

workpiece:
8 Select the probing function by pressing the PROBING
POS soft key.
8 Move the touch probe to a starting position near the
touch point.
8 Select the probe direction and axis of the coordinate.
Use the corresponding soft keys for selection.
8 To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button.
The TNC shows the coordinates of the touch point as datum.

Finding the coordinates of a corner in the

working plane
Find the coordinates of the corner point: See “Corner as datum—
using points already probed for a basic rotation (see figure at right),”
page 423. The TNC displays the coordinates of the probed corner as
datum.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 425

13.5 Measuring Workpieces with a 3-D Touch Probe

To measure workpiece dimensions

8 Select the probing function by pressing the PROBING
POS soft key.
Z
8 Position the touch probe at a starting position near the
first touch point A.
8 Select the probing direction by soft key.
8 To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button.
A
8 If you will need the current datum later, write down Y
the value that appears in the datum display.
B X
8 Datum: Enter “0”.
8 To terminate the dialog, press the END key. l

8 Select the probe function by pressing the PROBING

POS soft key.
8 Position the touch probe at a starting position near the
second touch point B
8 Select the probe direction with the soft keys: Same
axis but from the opposite direction.
8 To probe the workpiece, press the machine START
button.
The value displayed as datum is the distance between the two points
on the coordinate axis.

To return to the datum that was active before the length

measurement:
8 Select the probing function by pressing the PROBING POS soft key.
8 Probe the first touch point again.
8 Set the datum to the value that you wrote down previously.
8 To terminate the dialog, press the END key.

Measuring angles
You can use the 3-D touch probe to measure angles in the working
plane. You can measure
„ the angle between the angle reference axis and a workpiece side, or
„ the angle between two sides.
The measured angle is displayed as a value of maximum 90°.

426 13 Touch Probe Cycles in the Manual and Electronic Handwheel Modes
 13.5 Measuring Workpieces with a 3-D Touch Probe
To find the angle between the angle reference
axis and a side of the workpiece
8 Select the probe function by pressing the PROBING
ROT soft key.
8 Rotation angle: If you will need the current basic
rotation later, write down the value that appears
under Rotation angle.
8 Make a basic rotation with the side of the workpiece
(see “Compensating Workpiece Misalignment” on
page 420).
8 Press the PROBING ROT soft key to display the angle
between the angle reference axis and the side of the
workpiece as the rotation angle.
PA
8 Cancel the basic rotation, or restore the previous basic
rotation.
8 This is done by setting the rotation angle to the value
that you wrote down previously.

To measure the angle between two workpiece sides:

Z
8 Select the probe function by pressing the PROBING ROT soft key.
8 Rotation angle: If you will need the current basic rotation later, write L?
Y
down the value that appears under Rotation angle.
8 Make a basic rotation with the side of the workpiece (see
α?
“Compensating Workpiece Misalignment” on page 420). 100 X
8 Probe the second side as for a basic rotation, but do not set the α?
rotation angle to zero!
8 Press the PROBING ROT soft key to display the angle PA between
the two sides as the rotation angle.
–10
100
8 Cancel the basic rotation, or restore the previous basic rotation by
setting the rotation angle to the value that you wrote down
previously.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 427

 13.6 Touch Probe Data Management
13.6 Touch Probe Data Management

Introduction
To make it possible to cover the widest possible range of applications,
the touch probe management enable offers several settings to enable
you to determine the behavior common to all touch probe cycles: The
TNC always uses the values from the touch probe management, even
it values are also entered in the tool table. Press the PARAMETER soft
key to open the touch probe management window.

Tool number
Number by which the touch probe is registered in the tool table

Infrared/cable probe
0:Touch probe with cable
1: Infrared touch probe (machine-dependent function 180° rotation
allowed)

Oriented spindle stop

0:No oriented spindle stop
1: Spindle orientation (the touch probe is oriented so that it is always
probed by the same point on the touch probe stylus tip)

Spindle angle
Enter the angle of the touch probe at its home position. This value is
used for spindle orientation during calibration of the ball-tip radius and
for internal calculations (machine-dependent function).

Probe length
Length (ascertained by calibration) by which the TNC offsets the touch
probe dimension

Touch probe radius R

Radius (ascertained by calibration) by which the TNC offsets the touch
probe dimension

Touch probe radius R2

Ball-radius (ascertained by calibration) by which the TNC offsets the
touch probe dimension

Center offset 1
Offset of the touch probe axis to the spindle axis for the reference axis

Center offset 2
Offset of the touch probe axis to the spindle axis for the minor axis

Calibrate angle
Here the TNC enters the orientation angle with which the touch probe
was calibrated

Rapid traverse for measuring

Feed rate at which the touch probe pre-positions, or is positioned
between the measuring points

428 13 Touch Probe Cycles in the Manual and Electronic Handwheel Modes
 13.6 Touch Probe Data Management
Feed for probing
Feed rate at which the TNC is to probe the workpiece.

Set-up clearance
In the setup clearance you define how far from the defined (or
calculated) touch point the probe is to be pre-positioned. The smaller
the value you enter, the more exactly must you define the touch point
position.

Maximum measuring range

If the stylus is not deflected within the defined path, the TNC outputs
an error message.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 429

 13.7 Automatic Workpiece
13.7 Automatic Workpiece Measurement

Measurement
Overview
The TNC offers three cycles for measuring workpieces and setting the
datum automatically. To define the cycles, press the TOUCH PROBE
key in the Programming and Editing or Positioning with MDI operating
mode.

Cycle Soft key

0 REFERENCE PLANE Measuring a coordinate in a
selectable axis

1 POLAR DATUM PLANE Measuring a point in a

probing direction

3 MEASURE Measuring the position and diameter of a

hole

Reference system for measurement results

The TNC transfers all the measurement results to the result
parameters and the protocol file in the active coordinate system, or as
the case may be, the displaced coordinate system.

DATUM PLANE touch probe cycle 0

1 The touch probe moves at rapid traverse to the starting position 1
programmed in the cycle.
2 Then the touch probe approaches the workpiece at the assigned
feed rate. The probing direction is to be defined in the cycle.
3 After the TNC has saved the position, the probe retracts to the
starting point and saves the measured coordinate in a
Q parameter. The TNC also stores the coordinates of the touch 1
probe position at the time of the triggering signal in the parameters
Q115 to Q119. For the values in these parameters the TNC does
not account for the stylus length and radius.

Before programming, note the following:

Pre-position the touch probe in order to avoid a collision
when the programmed pre-positioning point is
approached.

430 13 Touch Probe Cycles in the Manual and Electronic Handwheel Modes
 Example: NC blocks

13.7 Automatic Workpiece Measurement

8 Parameter number for result: Enter the number of
the Q parameter to which you want to assign the
coordinate. 67 TCH PROBE 0.0 REF. PLANE Q5 X-

8 Probing axis/Probing direction: Enter the probing 68 TCH PROBE 0.1 X+5 Y+0 Z-5
axis with the axis selection keys or ASCII keyboard
and the algebraic sign for the probing direction.
Confirm your entry with the ENT key.
8 Position value: Use the axis selection keys or the
ASCII keyboard to enter all coordinates of the nominal
pre-positioning point values for the touch probe.
8 To conclude the input, press the ENT key.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 431

13.7 Automatic Workpiece Measurement

DATUM PLANE touch probe cycle 1

Touch probe cycle 1 measures any position on the workpiece in any
direction.
Y
1 The touch probe moves at rapid traverse to the starting position 1
programmed in the cycle.
2 Then the touch probe approaches the workpiece at the assigned
feed rate. During probing the TNC moves simultaneously in 2 axes
(depending on the probing angle). The scanning direction is defined
by the polar angle entered in the cycle. 1
3 After the TNC has saved the position, the probe returns to the
starting point. The TNC also stores the coordinates of the touch
probe position at the time of the triggering signal in parameters
Q115 to Q119.
X
Before programming, note the following:
Pre-position the touch probe in order to avoid a collision
when the programmed pre-positioning point is
approached.

8 Probing axis: Enter the probing axis with the axis Example: NC blocks
selection keys or ASCII keyboard. Confirm your entry
with the ENT key. 67 TCH PROBE 1.0 POLAR DATUM PLANE

8 Probing angle: Angle, measured from the probing 68 TCH PROBE 1.1 X ANGLE: +30
axis, at which the touch probe is to move. 69 TCH PROBE 1.2 X+5 Y+0 Z-5
8 Position value: Use the axis selection keys or the
ASCII keyboard to enter all coordinates of the nominal
pre-positioning point values for the touch probe.
8 To conclude the input, press the ENT key.

432 13 Touch Probe Cycles in the Manual and Electronic Handwheel Modes
 13.7 Automatic Workpiece Measurement
MEASURING (touch probe cycle 3)
Touch probe cycle 3 measures any position on the workpiece in a
selectable direction. Unlike other measuring cycles, Cycle 3 enables
you to enter the measuring path and feed rate directly. Also, the touch
probe retracts by a definable value after determining the measured
value.
1 The touch probe moves from the current position at the entered
feed rate in the defined probing direction. The probing direction
must be defined in the cycle as a polar angle.
2 After the TNC has saved the position, the touch probe stops. The
TNC saves the X, Y, Z coordinates of the probe-tip center in three
successive Q parameters. You define the number of the first
parameter in the cycle.
3 Finally, the TNC moves the touch probe back by that value against
the probing direction that you defined in the parameter MB.

Before programming, note the following:

Enter the maximum retraction path MB to be just large
enough to prevent a collision.
If the TNC could not determine a valid touch point, the
fourth result parameter will have the value –1.

8 Parameter number for result: Enter the number of Example: NC blocks

the Q parameter to which you want the TNC to assign
the first coordinate (X). 5 TCH PROBE 3.0 MEASURING

8 Probe axis: Enter the reference axis of the working 6 TCH PROBE 3.1 Q1
plane (X for tool axis Z, Z for tool axis Y, and Y for tool 7 TCH PROBE 3.2 X ANGLE: +15
axis X), and confirm with ENT.
8 TCH PROBE
8 Probing angle: Angle, measured from the probing 3.3 DIST +10 F100 MB:1 REFERENCE SYSTEM:0
axis, at which the touch probe is to move. Confirm
with ENT.
8 Maximum measuring path: Enter the maximum
distance from the starting point by which the touch
probe may move. Confirm with ENT.
8 Feed rate: Enter the measuring feed rate in mm/min.
8 Maximum retraction path: Traverse path in the
direction opposite the probing direction, after the
stylus was deflected.
8 REFERENCE SYSTEM (0=ACT/1=REF): Specify whether
the result of measurement is to be saved in the actual
coordinate system (ACT), or with respect to the
machine coordinate system (REF).
8 To conclude the input, press the ENT key.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 433

 14
Tables and Overviews
 14.1 Pin Layout and Connecting
14.1 Pin Layout and Connecting Cable for the Data Interfaces

Cable for the Data Interfaces

RS-232-C/V.24 interface for HEIDENHAIN
devices

The interface complies with the requirements of

EN 50 178 for “low voltage electrical separation.”

When using the 25-pin adapter block:

Adapter block
TNC Connecting cable 365 725-xx Connecting cable 274 545-xx
310 085-01
Male Assignment Female Color Female Male Female Male Color Female
1 Do not assign 1 1 1 1 1 WH/BN 1
2 RXD 2 Yellow 3 3 3 3 Yellow 2
3 TXD 3 Green 2 2 2 2 Green 3
4 DTR 4 Brown 20 20 20 20 Brown 8
5 Signal GND 5 Red 7 7 7 7 Red 7
6 DSR 6 Blue 6 6 6 6 6
7 RTS 7 Gray 4 4 4 4 Gray 5
8 CTR 8 Pink 5 5 5 5 Pink 4
9 Do not assign 9 8 Violet 20
Hsg. Ext. shield Hsg. Ext. shield Hsg. Hsg. Hsg. Hsg. Ext. shield Hsg.

When using the 9-pin adapter block:

Adapter block
TNC Connecting cable 355 484-xx Connecting cable 366 964-xx
363 987-02
Male Assignment Female Color Male Female Male Female Color Female
1 Do not assign 1 Red 1 1 1 1 Red 1
2 RXD 2 Yellow 2 2 2 2 Yellow 3
3 TXD 3 White 3 3 3 3 White 2
4 DTR 4 Brown 4 4 4 4 Brown 6
5 Signal GND 5 Black 5 5 5 5 Black 5
6 DSR 6 Violet 6 6 6 6 Violet 4
7 RTS 7 Gray 7 7 7 7 Gray 8
8 CTR 8 WH/GN 8 8 8 8 WH/GN 7
9 Do not assign 9 Green 9 9 9 9 Green 9
Hsg. Ext. shield Hsg. Ext. shield Hsg. Hsg. Hsg. Hsg. Ext. shield Hsg.

436 14 Tables and Overviews

 14.1 Pin Layout and Connecting Cable for the Data Interfaces
Non-HEIDENHAIN devices
The connector pin layout of a non-HEIDENHAIN device may differ
considerably from that on a HEIDENHAIN device.
This often depends on the unit and type of data transfer. The table
below shows the connector pin layout on the adapter block.

Adapter block 363 987-02 Connecting cable 366 964-xx

Female Male Female Color Female
1 1 1 Red 1
2 2 2 Yellow 3
3 3 3 White 2
4 4 4 Brown 6
5 5 5 Black 5
6 6 6 Violet 4
7 7 7 Gray 8
8 8 8 WH/GN 7
9 9 9 Green 9
Hsg. Hsg. Hsg. Ext. shield Hsg.

Ethernet interface RJ45 socket

Maximum cable length:
„ Unshielded: 100 m
„ Shielded: 400 m

Pin Signal Description

1 TX+ Transmit Data

2 TX– Transmit Data

3 REC+ Receive Data

4 Vacant

5 Vacant

6 REC– Receive Data

7 Vacant

8 Vacant

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 437

 14.2 Technical Information
14.2 Technical Information

Explanation of symbols
„ Standard
z Axis option
User functions
Description „ Basic version: 3 axes plus spindle
z 1st additional axis for 4 axes and open-loop or closed-loop spindle
z 2nd additional axis for 5 axes and open-loop spindle

Programming HEIDENHAIN conversational

Position entry „ Nominal positions for line segments and arcs in Cartesian or polar coordinates
„ Absolute or incremental dimensions
„ Display and entry in mm or inches

Tool Compensations „ Tool radius in the working plane and tool length
„ Calculating the radius-compensated contour up to 99 blocks in advance (M120)

Tool tables Multiple tool tables with any number of tools

Constant cutting speed „ With respect to the path of the tool center
„ With respect to the cutting edge

Background programming Create one program with graphical support while another program is running.

Contour elements „ Straight line

„ Chamfer
„ Circular path
„ Circle center
„ Circle radius
„ Tangentially connecting circle
„ Corner rounding

Contour approach and „ Via straight line: tangential or perpendicular

departure „ Via circular arc

FK free contour programming „ FK free contour programming in HEIDENHAIN conversational format with graphic
support for workpiece drawings not dimensioned for NC

Program jumps „ Subprograms

„ Program section repeat
„ Program as subprogram

438 14 Tables and Overviews

 14.2 Technical Information
User functions
Fixed cycles „ Drilling cycles for drilling, pecking, reaming, boring, tapping with a floating tap holder,
rigid tapping
„ Cycles for milling internal and external threads
„ Milling and finishing rectangular and circular pockets
„ Cycles for multipass milling of flat and twisted surfaces
„ Cycles for milling linear and circular slots
„ Linear and circular point patterns
„ Contour-parallel contour pocket
„ OEM cycles (special cycles developed by the machine tool builder) can also be
integrated

Coordinate transformation „ Datum shift, rotation, mirroring, scaling (axis-specific)

Q parameters „ Mathematic functions =, +, –, *, /, sin α , cos α

Programming with variables 2
a +b
2
a
„ Logical comparisons (=, =/, <, >)
„ Calculating with parentheses
„ tan α , arcus sin, arcus cos, arcus tan, an, en, ln, log, absolute value of a number, the
constant π , negation, truncation of digits before or after the decimal point
„ Functions for calculating circles

Programming support „ Pocket calculator

„ Complete list of all current error messages
„ Context-sensitive help function for error messages
„ Graphical support during programming of cycles
„ Comment blocks in the NC program

Actual position capture „ Actual positions can be transferred directly into the NC program

Test Run graphics „ Graphic simulation before a program run, even while another program is being run
Display modes „ Plan view / projection in 3 planes / 3-D view
„ Magnification of details

Interactive programming „ In the Programming and Editing mode, the contour of the NC blocks is drawn on
graphics screen while they are being entered (2-D pencil-trace graphics), even while another
program is running

Program Run graphics „ Graphic simulation of real-time machining in plan view / projection in 3 planes / 3-D
Display modes view

Machining time „ Calculating the machining time in the Test Run mode of operation
„ Display of the current machining time in the Program Run modes

Returning to the contour „ Mid-program startup in any block in the program, returning the tool to the calculated
nominal position to continue machining
„ Program interruption, contour departure and reapproach

Datum tables „ Multiple datum tables, for storing workpiece-related datums

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 439

14.2 Technical Information

User functions
Touch Probe Cycles „ Calibrating a touch probe
„ Compensation of workpiece misalignment, manual or automatic
„ Datum setting, manual or automatic
„ Automatic workpiece measurement
„ Cycles for automatic tool measurement

Specifications
Components „ Main computer with TNC keyboard and integrated 15.1-inch TFT color flat-panel display
with soft keys

Program memory „ 10 MB (on compact flash memory card CFR)

Input resolution and display „ To 0.1 µm for linear axes

step „ To 0.0001° for angular axes

Input range „ Maximum 999 999 999 mm or 999 999 999°

Interpolation „ Line in 4 axes

„ Arc in 2 axes
„ Helix: combination of circular and linear motion

Block processing time †6 ms (3-D straight line without radius compensation)

3-D straight line without radius
compensation

Axis control „ Position loop resolution: Signal period of the position encoder/1024
„ Cycle time of position controller: 3 ms
„ Cycle time of speed controller: 600 µs

Traverse range „ Maximum 100 m

Spindle speed „ Maximum 100 000 rpm (analog speed command signal)

Error compensation „ Linear and nonlinear axis error, backlash, reversal spikes during circular movements,
thermal expansion
„ Stick-slip friction

Data interfaces „ One each RS-232-C /V.24 max. 115 kilobaud

„ Expanded data interface with LSV-2 protocol for remote operation of the TNC through
the data interface with the HEIDENHAIN software TNCremo
„ Ethernet interface 100 Base T
approx. 2 to 5 megabaud (depending on file type and network load)
„ 2 x USB 1.1

Ambient temperature „ Operation: 0 °C to +45 °C (32 °F to 113 °F)

„ Storage: –30 °C to +70 °C (–22 °F to 158 °F)

440 14 Tables and Overviews

 14.2 Technical Information
Accessories
Electronic handwheels „ One HR 410 portable handwheel or
„ One HR 130 panel-mounted handwheel or
„ Up to three HR 150 panel-mounted handwheels via HRA 110 handwheel adapter

Touch Probes „ TS 220: 3-D touch trigger probe with cable connection, or
„ TS 440: 3-D touch trigger probe with infrared transmission
„ TS 640: 3-D touch trigger probe with infrared transmission

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 441

14.2 Technical Information

Input format and unit of TNC functions

Positions, coordinates, circle radii, chamfer –99 999.9999 to +99 999.9999
lengths (5.4: places before decimal point, places after decimal point) [mm]

Tool numbers 0 to 32 767.9 (5.1)

Tool names 16 characters, enclosed by quotation marks with TOOL CALL. Permitted
special characters: #, $, %, &, -

Delta values for tool compensation –99.9999 to +99.9999 (2.4) [mm]

Spindle speeds 0 to 99 999.999 (5.3) [rpm]

Feed rates 0 to 99 999.999 (5.3) [mm/min] or [mm/tooth] or [mm/rev]

Dwell time in Cycle 9 0 to 3600.000 (4.3) [s]

Thread pitch in various cycles –99.9999 to +99.9999 (2.4) [mm]

Angle of spindle orientation 0 to 360.0000 (3.4) [°]

Angle for polar coordinates, rotation, tilting –360.0000 to 360.0000 (3.4) [°]
the working plane

Polar coordinate angle for helical –5400.0000 to 5400.0000 (4.4) [°]

interpolation (CP)

Datum numbers in Cycle 7 0 to 2999 (4.0)

Scaling factor in Cycles 11 and 26 0.000001 to 99.999999 (2.6)

Miscellaneous Functions M 0 to 999 (3.0)

Q parameter numbers 0 to 1999 (4.0)

Q parameter values –99 999.9999 to +99 999.9999 (5.4)

Labels (LBL) for program jumps 0 to 999 (3.0)

Labels (LBL) for program jumps Any text string in quotes (“”)

Number of program section repeats REP 1 to 65 534 (5.0)

Error number with Q parameter function 0 to 1099 (4.0)

FN14

Spline parameter K –9.99999999 to +9.99999999 (1.8)

Exponent for spline parameter –255 to 255 (3.0)

Surface-normal vectors N and T with 3-D –9.99999999 to +9.99999999 (1.8)

compensation

442 14 Tables and Overviews

14.3 Exchanging the Buffer Battery

14.3 Exchanging the Buffer Battery

A buffer battery supplies the TNC with current to prevent the data in
RAM memory from being lost when the TNC is switched off.
If the TNC displays the error message Exchange buffer battery, then
you must replace the batteries:

Backup your data before changing the buffer battery

To exchange the buffer battery, first switch off the TNC. 1

The buffer battery must be exchanged only by trained
service personnel.

Battery type:1 Lithium battery, type CR 2450N (Renata)

ID Nr. 315 878-01
1 ^F˜*¤OOF˜*"››F©˜a’˜pm˜›^F˜h"am˜*p"=˜pO˜›^F˜ ¢¬ (see 1,
figure at upper right)
2 Fhp¦F˜›^F˜Oa¦F˜’4F§’˜pO˜›^F˜ ¢¬ housing cover
3 Fhp¦F˜›^F˜4p¦F
4 ^F˜*¤OOF˜*"››F©˜a’˜pm˜›^F˜aV^›˜F=VF˜pO˜›^F˜˜Exchange the
battery. The socket accepts a new battery only in the correct
orientation.
5 Exchange the battery. The socket accepts a new battery only in the
correct orientation.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 443

 Index
SYMBOLE C F
3-D touch probes Cycle Face milling ... 273
Calibrating Calling ... 179 Feed rate ... 45
Triggering ... 417 Defining ... 177 Changing ... 46
3-D view ... 379 Groups ... 178 For rotary axes, M116 ... 172
Cylinder ... 369 Input possibilities ... 78
A File management ... 61
Accessories ... 37 D Calling ... 63
Actual position capture ... 79, 126 Data backup ... 60 Copying a file ... 66
Adding comments ... 87 Data interface Deleting a file ... 67
Approach to the contour. ... 119 Pin layout ... 436 Directories ... 61
With polar coordinates ... 120 Setting ... 404 Copying ... 66
Automatic Program Start ... 392 Data transfer rate ... 404, 405 Creating ... 65
Auxiliary axes ... 55 Data transfer software ... 407 External data transfer ... 70
Axis-specific scaling ... 290 Datum setting ... 47 File name ... 59
During program run ... 342 File protection ... 69
B Without a 3-D touch probe ... 47 File type ... 59
Back boring ... 190 Datum setting, manual Marking files ... 68
Basic rotation Circle center as datum ... 424 Overview of functions ... 62
Measuring in the Manual Operation Corner as datum ... 423 Overwriting files ... 66, 72
mode ... 420 In any axis ... 422 Renaming a file ... 69
Block scan Datum shift Selecting a file ... 64
After power failure ... 390 With datum tables ... 283 File status ... 63
Blocks Within the program ... 282 FK Programming ... 143
Deleting ... 81 Deepened starting point for Circular paths ... 146
Inserting, editing ... 81 drilling ... 194 Dialog initiation ... 145
Bolt hole circle ... 248 Define the blank ... 76 Fundamentals ... 143
Bore milling ... 195 Depart the contour ... 119 Graphics ... 144
Boring ... 186 With polar coordinates ... 120 Input possibilities
Buffer battery, exchanging ... 443 Dialog ... 78 Auxiliary points ... 150
Directory ... 61, 65 Circle data ... 148
C Copying ... 66 Closed contours ... 149
Calculating with parentheses ... 356 Creating ... 65 Direction and length of contour
Chamfer ... 126 Deleting ... 67 elements ... 147
Circle calculations ... 321 Drilling ... 182, 188, 192 End points ... 147
Circle center ... 128 Deepened starting point ... 194 Relative data ... 151
Circular path ... 129, 131, 137, 138 Drilling cycles ... 180 Straight lines ... 146
Circular pocket Dwell time ... 293 FK programming
Finishing ... 234 Input possibilities
Roughing ... 232 E Floor finishing ... 263
Circular slot Ellipse ... 367 FN 25: PRESET: Set a new
Reciprocating ... 241 Error messages ... 90 datum ... 342
Circular stud finishing ... 236 Help with ... 90 FN14: ERROR: Displaying error
Code numbers ... 399 Ethernet Interface messages ... 326
Compensating workpiece misalignment Ethernet interface FN15: PRINT: Formatted output of
By measuring two points of a Connecting and disconnecting texts ... 328
line ... 420 network drives ... 73 FN18: SYSREAD: Read system
Conversational format ... 78 Connection possibilities ... 409 data ... 331
Coordinate transformation ... 281 Introduction ... 409 FN19: PLC: Transfer values to the
Copying program sections ... 82 External data transfer PLC ... 339
Corner rounding ... 127 iTNC 530 ... 70

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 445

Index

F M P
FN20: WAIT FOR NC and PLC Miscellaneous Functions Path functions
synchronization ... 340 Miscellaneous functions Fundamentals ... 114
FN23: CIRCLE DATA: Calculating a Entering ... 160 Circles and circular arcs ... 116
circle from 3 points ... 321 For contouring behavior ... 165 Pre-position ... 117
FN24: CIRCLE DATA: Calculating a For program run control ... 162 Pecking ... 192
circle from 4 points ... 321 For rotary axes ... 172 Deepened starting point ... 194
Full circle ... 129 For spindle and coolant ... 162 Pin layout for data interfaces ... 436
Fundamentals ... 54 MOD function Plan view ... 377
Exiting ... 396 PLC and NC synchronization ... 340
G Overview ... 397 Pocket calculator ... 88
Graphic simulation ... 381 Select ... 396 Pocket table ... 104
Graphics MOD functions Point Patterns
Display modes ... 377 Modes of Operation ... 31 Circular ... 248
During programming ... 85 Linear ... 250
Magnifying a detail ... 86 N Overview ... 247
Magnifying details ... 380 NC and PLC synchronization ... 340 Point patterns
NC error messages ... 90 Polar coordinates
H Nesting ... 303 Approach/depart contour ... 120
Hard disk ... 59 Network connection ... 73 Fundamentals ... 56
Helical interpolation ... 138 Programming ... 136
Helical thread drilling/milling ... 215 O Positioning
Helix ... 138 Oblong hole milling ... 238 With manual data input (MDI) ... 50
Help with error messages ... 90 Open contours: M98 ... 167 Principal axes ... 55
Operating panel ... 30 Probing cycles
I Operating time ... 403 Manual operation mode ... 416
Indexed tools ... 103 Option number ... 398 Probing cycles: See “Touch Probe
Information on formats ... 442 Oriented spindle stop ... 295 Cycles” User’s Manual
Interactive programming Program
graphics ... 144 P Editing ... 80
Interrupt machining. ... 388 Parametric programming: See Q Open new ... 76
iTNC 530 ... 28 parameter programming Structure ... 75
Part families ... 316 Program call
L Path ... 61 Program as subprogram ... 301
Look-ahead ... 168 Path contours Via cycle ... 294
Cartesian coordinates Program management. See File
M Circular arc with tangential management.
M functions: See Miscellaneous connection ... 131 Program name: See File management,
functions Circular path around circle center File name
Machine axes, moving the … ... 42 CC ... 129 Program Run
In increments ... 43 Circular path with defined Executing ... 387
With the electronic handwheel ... 44 radius ... 129 Interrupting ... 388
With the machine axis direction Overview ... 125 Mid-program startup ... 390
buttons ... 42 Straight line ... 125 Optional block skip ... 393
Machine-referenced coordinates: M91, Free contour programming FK: See Overview ... 387
M92 ... 163 FK programming Resuming after an
Measuring the machining time ... 382 Polar coordinates interruption ... 389
Mid-program startup ... 390 Circular arc with tangential Program section repeat ... 300
Milling an inside thread ... 205 connection ... 138 Program sections, copying ... 82
Mirror image ... 286 Circular path around pole Programming tool movements ... 78
CC ... 137 Projection in 3 planes ... 378
Overview ... 136
Straight line ... 137

446
 Index
Q S T
Q parameter programming ... 314, 363 Scaling factor ... 289 Table access ... 345
Additional functions ... 325 Screen layout ... 29 Tapping
Basic arithmetic (assign, add, Search function ... 83 With a floating tap holder ... 197
subtract, multiply, divide, square Select the unit of measure ... 76 Without a floating tap
root) ... 317 Setting the BAUD rate ... 404, 405 holder ... 199, 201
Circle calculations ... 321 Setting the baud rate ... 405 Test Run
If/then decisions ... 322 Setting the datum ... 58 Executing ... 386
Programming Side finishing ... 264 Overview ... 384
notes ... 315, 364, 365, 366 SL Cycles Text variables ... 363
Trigonometric functions ... 319 Contour data ... 260 Thread drilling/milling ... 211
Q Parameters Contour geometry cycle ... 256 Thread milling, fundamentals ... 203
Checking ... 324 Floor finishing ... 263 Thread milling, outside ... 219
Formatted output ... 328 Fundamentals ... 254 Thread milling/countersinking ... 207
Preassigned ... 360 Overlapping contours ... 257 TNCremo ... 407
Transferring values to the Pilot drilling ... 261 TNCremoNT ... 407
PLC ... 339, 343, 344 Rough-out ... 262 Tool change ... 107
Q parameters Side finishing ... 264 Tool Compensation
Slot milling Tool compensation
R Reciprocating ... 238 Length ... 109
Radius compensation ... 110 Software number ... 398 Radius ... 110
Input ... 111 Specifications ... 438 Tool Data
Outside corners, inside Sphere ... 371 Tool data
corners ... 112 Spindle speed, changing the … ... 46 Calling ... 106
Rapid traverse ... 96 Spindle speed, entering ... 106 Delta values ... 99
Reaming ... 184 SQL commands ... 345 Enter them into the program ... 99
Rectangular pocket Status display ... 33 Entering into tables ... 100
Rectangular pockets Additional ... 34 Indexing ... 103
Finishing ... 228 General ... 33 Tool length ... 98
Roughing ... 226 Straight line ... 125, 137 Tool name ... 98
Rectangular stud finishing ... 230 String parameters ... 363 Tool number ... 98
Reference system ... 55 Subprogram ... 299 Tool radius ... 99
Replacing texts ... 84 Superimposing handwheel Tool table
Retraction from the contour ... 169 positioning: M118 ... 169 Editing functions ... 102
Returning to the contour ... 391 Switch-off ... 41 Editing, exiting ... 102
Rotary axis Switch-on ... 40 Input possibilities ... 100
Reducing display: M94 ... 174 Touch probe functions, use with
Shorter-path traverse: M126 ... 173 mechanical probes or dial
Rotation ... 288 gauges ... 428
Rough out: See SL Cycles: Rough-out Touch probe monitoring ... 170
Ruled surface ... 270 Traverse reference points ... 40
Trigonometric functions ... 319
Trigonometry ... 319

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 447

Index

U
Universal drilling ... 188, 192
USB devices, connecting/
removing ... 74
User parameters
Machine-specific ... 400

V
Version numbers ... 399
Visual display unit ... 29

W
Workpiece measurement ... 425, 430
Workpiece positions
Absolute ... 57
Incremental ... 57
Workspace monitoring ... 383, 386

448
Table of Cycles
Cycle DEF- CALL-
Cycle designation Page
number active active
1 Pecking „

2 Tapping „

3 Slot milling „

4 Pocket milling „ Page 226

5 Circular pocket „ Page 232

7 Datum shift „ Page 282

8 Mirror image „ Page 286

9 Dwell time „ Page 293

10 Rotation „ Page 288

11 Scaling factor „ Page 289

12 Program call „ Page 294

13 Oriented spindle stop „ Page 295

14 Contour definition „ Page 256

17 Tapping (controlled spindle) „

18 Thread cutting „

20 Contour data SL II „ Page 260

21 Pilot drilling SL II „ Page 261

22 Rough out SL II „ Page 262

23 Floor finishing SL II „ Page 263

24 Side finishing SL II „ Page 264

26 Axis-specific scaling „ Page 290

200 Drilling „ Page 182

201 Reaming „ Page 184

202 Boring „ Page 186

203 Universal drilling „ Page 188

204 Back boring „ Page 190

205 Universal pecking „ Page 192

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 449

Cycle DEF- CALL-
Cycle designation Page
number active active
206 Tapping with a floating tap holder, new „ Page 197

207 Rigid tapping, new „ Page 199

208 Bore milling „ Page 195

209 Tapping with chip breaking „ Page 201

210 Slot with reciprocating plunge „ Page 238

211 Circular slot „ Page 241

212 Rectangular pocket finishing „ Page 228

213 Rectangular stud finishing „ Page 230

214 Circular pocket finishing „ Page 234

215 Circular stud finishing „ Page 236

220 Point pattern on circle „ Page 248

221 Hole patterns on lines „ Page 250

230 Multipass milling „ Page 268

231 Ruled surface „ Page 270

232 Face milling „ Page 273

262 Thread milling „ Page 205

263 Thread milling/countersinking „ Page 207

264 Thread drilling/milling „ Page 211

265 Helical thread drilling/milling „ Page 215

267 Outside thread milling „ Page 219

450
Table of Miscellaneous Functions
M Effect Effective at block Start End Page
M00 Stop program/Spindle STOP/Coolant OFF „ Page 162

M01 Optional program STOP „ Page 394

M02 Stop program/Spindle STOP/Coolant OFF/Clear status display „ Page 162

(depending on machine parameter)/Go to block 1

M03 Spindle ON clockwise „ Page 162

M04 Spindle ON counterclockwise „
M05 Spindle STOP „

M06 Tool change/Stop program run (machine-dependent function)/Spindle STOP „ Page 162

M08 Coolant ON „ Page 162

M09 Coolant OFF „

M13 Spindle ON clockwise/Coolant ON „ Page 162

M14 Spindle ON counterclockwise/Coolant ON „

M30 Same function as M02 „ Page 162

M89 Vacant miscellaneous function or „ Page 179

Cycle call, modally effective (machine-dependent function) „

M91 Within the positioning block: Coordinates are referenced to machine datum „ Page 163

M92 Within the positioning block: Coordinates are referenced to position defined by machine „ Page 163
tool builder, such as tool change position

M94 Reduce display of rotary axis to value under 360° „ Page 174

M97 Machine small contour steps „ Page 165

M98 Machine open contours completely „ Page 167

M99 Blockwise cycle call „ Page 179

M101 Automatic tool change with replacement tool if maximum tool life has expired „ Page 108
M102 Cancel M101 „

M107 Suppress error message for replacement tools „ Page 107

M108 Cancel M107 „

M109 Constant contouring speed at tool cutting edge „ Page 167

(increase and decrease feed rate)
M110 Constant contouring speed at tool cutting edge „
(feed rate decrease only)
M111 Cancel M109/M110 „

M116 Feed rate for rotary tables in mm/minn „ Page 172

M117 Cancel M116 „

M118 Superimpose handwheel positioning during program run „ Page 169

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 451

M Effect Effective at block Start End Page
M120 Pre-calculate radius-compensated contour (LOOK AHEAD) „ Page 168

M126 Shortest-path traverse of rotary axes „ Page 173

M127 Cancel M126 „

M140 Retraction from the contour in the tool-axis direction „ Page 169

M141 Suppress touch probe monitoring „ Page 170

M143 Delete basic rotation „ Page 171

M148 Automatically retract tool from the contour at an NC stop „ Page 171
M149 Cancel M148 „

The machine tool builder may add some M functions that

are not described in this User’s Manual. Also, the machine
tool builder can change the meaning and effect of the M
functions described here. Refer to your machine manual.

452
Comparison: Functions of the TNC 320, TNC 310 and iTNC 530
Comparison: User functions
Function TNC 320 TNC 310 iTNC 530
Program entry with HEIDENHAIN conversational programming   

Program entry according to ISO J J 

Program entry with smarT.NC J J 

Position data: Nominal positions for lines and arcs in Cartesian coordinates   

Position data: Incremental or absolute dimensions   

Position data: Display and input in mm or inches   

Position data: Display of handwheel traverse when machining with J J 

handwheel superimposition

Tool compensation: In the working plane and tool length   

Tool compensation: Radius-compensated contour look ahead for up to  J 

99 blocks

Tool compensation: Three-dimensional tool-radius compensation J J 

Tool table: Save tool data centrally   

Tool table:˜¤d›azdF˜›ppd˜›"*dF’˜§a›^˜"m©˜m¤h*F˜pO˜›ppd’  J 

Cutting-data tables: Calculation of spindle speed and feed rate J J 

Constant contouring speed: Relative to the path of the tool center or relative  J 
to the tool’s cutting edge

Parallel operation Creating programs while another program is being run   

Tilt working plane J J 

Rotary-table machining: Programming of cylindrical contours as if in two J J 

axes

Rotary-table machining: Feed rate in mm/min  J 

Approaching and departing the contour: Via a straight line or arc   

FK (free contour programming): Programming of workpieces not correctly  J 

dimensioned for NC programming

Program jumps: Subprograms and program section repeats   

Program jumps: Calling any program as subprogram   

Test graphics: Plan view, projection in 3 planes, 3-D view   

Programming graphics: 2-D line graphics   

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 453

Function TNC 320 TNC 310 iTNC 530
Machining graphics: Plan view, projection in 3 planes, 3-D view  J 

Datum tables, for storing workpiece-related datums   

Preset table, for saving reference points (presets) J J 

Returning to the contour with mid-program startup   

Returning to the contour after program interruption   

Autostart  J 

Actual position capture: Actual positions can be transferred to the   

NC program

Expanded file management: Create multiple directories and subdirectories  J 

Context-sensitive help: Help function for error messages  J 

Pocket calculator  J 

Entry of text and special characters: On the TNC 320 via on-screen  J 
keyboard, on the iTNC 530 via regular keyboard

Comment blocks in NC program  J 

Structure blocks in NC program J J 

454
Comparison: Cycles
Cycle TNC 320 TNC 310 iTNC 530
1, Pecking   

2, Tapping   

3, Slot milling   

4, Pocket milling   

5, Circular pocket   

6, Rough out (SL I) J  

7, Datum shift   

8, Mirror image   

9, Dwell time   

10, Rotation   

11, Scaling   

12, Program call   

13, Oriented spindle stop   

14, Contour definition   

15, Pilot drilling (SL I) J  

16, Contour milling (SL I) J  

17, Tapping (controlled spindle)   

18, Thread cutting  J 

19, Working plane J J 

20, Contour data  J 

21, Pilot drilling  J 

22, Rough-out  J 

23, Floor finishing  J 

24, Side finishing  J 

25, Contour train J J 

26, Axis-specific scaling factor  J 

27, Contour train J J 

28, Cylinder surface J J 

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 455

Cycle TNC 320 TNC 310 iTNC 530
29, Cylinder surface ridge J J 

30, 3-D data J J 

32, Tolerance J J 

39, Cylinder surface external contour J J 

200, Drilling   

201, Reaming   

202, Boring   

203, Universal drilling   

204, Back boring   

205, Universal pecking  J 

206, Tapping with floating tap holder  J 

207, Rigid tapping  J 

208, Bore milling  J 

209, Tapping with chip breaking  J 

210, Slot with reciprocating plunge   

211, Circular slot   

212, Rectangular pocket finishing   

213, Rectangular stud finishing   

214, Circular pocket finishing   

215, Circular stud finishing   

220, Point pattern on circle   

221, Point pattern on lines   

230, Multipass milling   

231, Ruled surface   

232, Face milling  J 

240, Centering J J 

247, Datum setting J J 

251, Rectangular pocket (complete) J J 

252, Circular pocket (complete) J J 

456
Cycle TNC 320 TNC 310 iTNC 530
253, Slot (complete) J J 

254, Circular slot (complete) J J 

262, Thread milling  J 

263, Thread milling/counter sinking  J 

264, Thread drilling/milling  J 

265, Helical thread drilling/milling  J 

267, Outside thread milling  J 

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 457

Comparison: Miscellaneous functions
M Effect TNC 320 TNC 310 iTNC 530
M00 Stop program/Spindle STOP/Coolant OFF   

M01 Optional program STOP   

M02 Stop program/Spindle STOP/Coolant OFF/Clear status display   

(depending on machine parameter)/Go to block 1

M03 Spindle ON clockwise   

M04 Spindle ON counterclockwise
M05 Spindle STOP

M06 Tool change/Stop program run (machine-dependent function)/Spindle   

STOP

M08 Coolant ON   
M09 Coolant OFF

M13 Spindle ON clockwise/Coolant ON   

M14 Spindle ON counterclockwise/Coolant ON

M30 Same function as M02   

M89 Vacant miscellaneous function or   

Cycle call, modally effective (machine-dependent function)

M90 Constant contouring speed at corners J  

M91 Within the positioning block: Coordinates are referenced to machine   

datum

M92 Within the positioning block: Coordinates are referenced to position   

defined by machine tool builder, such as tool change position

M94 Reduce display of rotary axis to value under 360°   

M97 Machine small contour steps   

M98 Machine open contours completely   

M99 Blockwise cycle call   

M101 Automatic tool change with replacement tool if maximum tool life has  J 
expired
M102 Cancel M101

M107 Suppress error message for replacement tools  J 

M108 Cancel M107

M109 Constant contouring speed at tool cutting edge  J 

(increase and decrease feed rate)
M110 Constant contouring speed at tool cutting edge
(feed rate decrease only)
M111 Cancel M109/M110

458
M Effect TNC 320 TNC 310 iTNC 530
M112 Enter contour transition between two contour elements J J 
M113 Cancel M112

M114 Automatic compensation of machine geometry when working with J J 

tilted axes
M115 Cancel M114

M116 Feed rate for rotary tables in mm/minn  J J

M117 Cancel M116

M118 Superimpose handwheel positioning during program run  J 

M120 Pre-calculate radius-compensated contour (LOOK AHEAD)  J 

M124 Contour filter J J 

M126 Shortest-path traverse of rotary axes  J 

M127 Cancel M126

M128 Maintain the position of the tool tip when positioning the tilted axes J J 
(TCPM)
M129 Cancel M126

M134 Exact stop at nontangential contour transitions when positioning with J J 

rotary axes
M135 Cancel M134

M138 Select tilting axes J J 

M140 Retraction from the contour in the tool-axis direction  J 

M141 Suppress touch probe monitoring  J 

M142 Delete modal program information J J 

M143 Delete basic rotation  J 

M144 Compensating the machine’s kinematic configuration for ACTUAL/ J J 

NOMINAL positions at end of block
M145 Cancel M144

M148 Automatically retract tool from the contour at an NC stop  J 

M149 Cancel M148

M150 Suppress limit switch message J J 

M200- Laser cutting functions J J 

M204

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 459

Comparison: Touch probe cycles in the Manual and Electronic Handwheel modes
Cycle TNC 320 TNC 310 iTNC 530
Calibrate the effective length   

Calibrate the effective radius   

Measure a basic rotation using a line   

Set the datum in any axis   

Set a corner as datum   

Set the center line as datum J J 

Set the circle center as datum   

Measure a basic rotation using two holes/cylindrical studs J J 

Set the datum using four holes/cylindrical studs J J 

Set circle center using three holes/cylindrical studs J J 

460
Comparison: Touch probe cycles for automatic workpiece inspection
Cycle TNC 320 TNC 310 iTNC 530
0, Reference plane  J 

1, Polar datum  J 

2, Calibrate TS J J 

3, Measuring  J 

9, Calibrate TS length  J 

30, Calibrate TT J J 

31, Measure tool length J J 

32, Measure tool radius J J 

33, Measure tool length and radius J J 

400, Basic rotation J J 

401, Basic rotation from two holes J J 

402, Basic rotation from two studs J J 

403, Compensate a basic rotation via a rotary axis J J 

404, Set basic rotation J J 

405, Compensating workpiece misalignment by rotating the C axis J J 

410, Datum from inside of rectangle J J 

411, Datum from outside of rectangle J J 

412, Datum from inside of circle J J 

413, Datum from outside of circle J J 

414, Datum in outside corner J J 

415, Datum at inside corner J J 

416, Datum circle center J J 

417, Datum in touch probe axis J J 

418, Datum at center of 4 holes J J 

419, Datum in one axis J J 

420, Measure angle J J 

421, Measure hole J J 

422, Measure circle outside J J 

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 461

Cycle TNC 320 TNC 310 iTNC 530
423, Measure rectangle inside J J 

424, Measure rectangle outside J J 

425, Measure inside width J J 

426, Measure ridge outside J J 

427, Boring J J 

430, Measure bolt hole circle J J 

431, Measure plane J J 

462
DR. JOHANNES HEIDENHAIN GmbH
Dr.-Johannes-Heidenhain-Straße 5
83301 Traunreut, Germany
{ +49 (86 69) 31-0
| +49 (86 69) 50 61
E-Mail: info@heidenhain.de
Technical support | +49 (86 69) 31-10 00
E-Mail: service@heidenhain.de
Measuring systems { +49 (86 69) 31-31 04
E-Mail: service.ms-support@heidenhain.de
TNC support { +49 (86 69) 31-31 01
E-Mail: service.nc-support@heidenhain.de
NC programming { +49 (86 69) 31-31 03
E-Mail: service.nc-pgm@heidenhain.de
PLC programming { +49 (86 69) 31-31 02
E-Mail: service.plc@heidenhain.de
Lathe controls { +49 (7 11) 95 28 03-0
E-Mail: service.hsf@heidenhain.de
www.heidenhain.de

3-D Touch Probe Systems from HEIDENHAIN

help you to reduce non-cutting time:
For example in
• workpiece alignment
• datum setting
• workpiece measurement
• digitizing 3-D surfaces

with the workpiece touch probes

TS 220 with cable
TS 640 with infrared transmission

• tool measurement
• wear monitoring
• tool breakage monitoring

with the tool touch probe

TT 130
Ve 00
550 671-20 · SW01 · 5 · 3/2006 · F&W · Printed in Germany · Subject to change without notice