EXERCISE 33. Writing: verb tense review. (Chapters 1 -.

4)
Directions: Think of a friend you haven't spoken or written to since the beginning of this
term. Write this friend a letter about your activities from the start of this school term to
the present time. Begin your letter as follows:
Dear ( . .), .
I'm sorry I haven't written for such a long time. Lou of things have happened since I last
wrote w you.

EXERCISE 34. Writing: verb tense review. (Chapters 1 + 4)

Directions: Write about one (or both) of the following topics.
1. Think of two or three important events that have occurred in your life in the vast vear
or two. In a paragraph for each, briefly tell your reader aboutthese events a& give
your opinions andlor predictions.
2. Thiik of two or three important events that have occurred in the world in the past
year or two. In a paragraph for each, briefly tell your reader about these events and
give your opinions andlor predictions.

(a) When Ann arrived, Jack wasn't

there. He had lefi.
. f , ( . , ..' .

112 CHAPTER 4
 9 PAST PERFECT-(continued)
I
.) He'd left. I'd left. They'd left. Etc. :omcno~:
I / ~ l s h e l h e l i t l w e+
l ~'d

COMPARE THE PRESENT PERFECT AND THE PAST PERFECT.

PRESENT PERFECT :d) I em not hungry now. I haue The PRESENT P E ~ C Texpresses an
already eaten. activity that occurred before now, ar an
unspecifid time in the past, as in (d).

PAST PERFECT :e) I was not hungry at 1 : 0 0 P.M. The PAST PERFECT expresses an
I had already eaten. activity that occurred before another
time in the past.
In (e): I ate at noon. I was not
hungry at 1 : 0 0 P.M. because I had
already eaten before 1 : 0 0 P.M.

COMPARE THB PAST PROGRB! BAND THE PAST PHRFECT.

PAST PROGRESSIVB I (f) I wat earjng when Bob came. The PAST PROGRESSIVEexpresses an
activity that was in progress at a
particular time in the past.
In (f): I began to eat at noon. Bob
came at 12:lO. My meal was in
progress when Bob came.

PAST PERPECT (g) I had eaten when Bob came. The PAST PERFECT expresses an
activity that was completed before a
particular time in the past.
In (g): I iinished eating at noon. Bot
came at 1:00 P.M. My meal was
completed before Bob came.

The Present Perfect and the Past Perfect 1 13

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EXERCISE 35. Past perfed. (Chart 4-9) b'.'+ .. .r,. -. T....- ,.,' *.; ,' . ,,:
'
a *. ~y.-:>
.,,
~.- . W~F
,.
~

D i r e c h c Identify which action took place h t (1st) in the past and which action took
,
- .&-
" .--- .UL
place second (2nd).
1. The tennis player jumped in the air for joy. She had won the match.
a. Ist The tennis player won the match.
b. 2vlA The tennis player jumped in the air.

2. Before I went to bed, I checked the front door. My roommate had already locked it.
a. hd I checked the door.
b. 1s My roommate locked the door.

3. I looked for Bob, but he had left the building.

a. Bob left the building.
b. 1 looked for Bob.

, 4. I laughed when I saw my son. He had poured a bowl of noodles on top of his head.
I !ii ~~

a. I laughed.
"4
I*.,lI 'i
8 ,,:; b. . - My son poured a bowl of noodles on his head.

5. Oliver arrived at the theater on time, but he couldn't get in. He had left his ticket at
* \ home.

a. Oliver left his ticket at home.

b. Oliver arrived at the theater.

6. I handed Betsy the newspaper, but she didn't want it. She had read it during her
lunch hour.
a. I handed Betsy the newspaper.
b. Betsy read the newspaper.
 7. After Carl arrived in NewYork, he called his mother. He had promised to call her
as soon as he got in.
a. Carl made a promise to his mother.
b. Carl called his mother.

8. Stella was alone in a strange city. She walked down the avenue slowly, looking in shop
windows. Suddenly, she turned her head and looked behind her. Someone had
called her name.
a. Stella turned her head and looked behiid her.
b. Someone called her name.

EXERCISE 36. PrgJent perfect VS. past perfect. (Chart 4-9)

Directions: Complete the sentences with the present perfect or the past perfect form of the
verb in parentheses.
1. A: Oh no! We're too late. The train (leave, already) has alveady le&
B: That's okay. We'll catch the next train to Athens.
2. Last Thursday, we went to the station to catch a train to Athens, but we were too late.
The train (leave, already) had alveady le&
3. A: Go back to sleep. It's only six o'clock in the morning.
B: I'm not sleepy. I (sleep, already) for
eight hours. I'm going to get up.
4. I woke up at six this morning, but I couldn't get back to sleep. I wasn't sleepy. I
(sleep, already) for eight hours.
5. A: 1'11 introduce you to Professor Newton at the meeting tonight.
B: You don't need to. I (meet, already) him.
6. Jack offered to introduce me to Professor Newton, but it wasn't necessary. I

If . ' (meet, already) him.

7. A: Do you want to go to the movie tonight?
B: What are you going to see?
A: Distant Drums.
B: I (sec, already) it. Thanks anyway.
8. I didn't go to the movie with Francisco last Tuesday night. I (see, already)
it.

The Present Perfect and the Past Perfect 115