4.

A empt any four of the following in about 150 words each:

b) Highlight importance of controlled emo onal involvement for a social worker. 5

Controlled emo onal involvement refers to the ability of a social worker to empathize with
clients while maintaining a professional boundary. It ensures that while the social worker
understands and responds to the emo onal needs of the client, they do not become
personally overwhelmed or emo onally overinvolved.

Here are the key reasons why controlled emo onal involvement is important:

1. Maintains Professional Boundaries:

It helps social workers avoid becoming too emo onally a ached to clients. This
boundary ensures that decisions are made in the best interest of the client, rather
than based on the worker’s personal feelings.

2. Promotes Objec vity in Prac ce:

By managing their emo onal responses, social workers can think cri cally and make
sound, unbiased assessments and interven ons. This is especially important when
working with complex or emo onally charged situa ons.

3. Enhances Empathy Without Burnout:

Controlled emo onal involvement allows workers to connect empathe cally with
clients, fostering trust and open communica on, without exhaus ng themselves
emo onally. This balance helps prevent compassion fa gue and emo onal burnout.

4. Ensures Ethical Prac ce:

The Code of Ethics in social work emphasizes the importance of ac ng in the client’s
best interest. Emo onal control ensures ethical decision-making and prevents
favori sm or inappropriate behavior arising from emo onal entanglement.

5. Improves Client Outcomes:

Clients benefit more from professionals who are suppor ve yet composed. It creates
a safe space where clients feel understood, while also receiving structured guidance
and support that leads to effec ve problem-solving.

Conclusion:
Controlled emo onal involvement is a cri cal skill that allows social workers to provide
compassionate care while maintaining their professional integrity, effec veness, and
emo onal well-being. It is a key factor in sustaining long-term, impac ul social work
prac ce.
c) Briefly explain skills to be used by case worker during the interview. 5

During a casework interview, the case worker must use a combina on of interpersonal and
professional skills to gather informa on, build rapport, and understand the client’s
problems. Key skills include:

1. Ac ve Listening:
This involves giving full a en on to the client’s words, feelings, and concerns. The
case worker should nod, maintain eye contact, and avoid interrup ng. It helps the
client feel heard and valued.

2. Observa on Skills:
A case worker must pay a en on to the client’s non-verbal communica on such as
facial expressions, gestures, posture, and tone of voice. These cues o en reveal
emo ons or issues not expressed in words.

3. Empathy:
Empathy is the ability to emo onally connect and understand the client’s
experiences without becoming emo onally overwhelmed. It helps in building a safe,
trus ng environment.

4. Effec ve Ques oning:

Asking open-ended ques ons like “Can you tell me more about that?” encourages
the client to talk in detail. Closed-ended ques ons are used to gather specific facts.
Using both helps collect complete and accurate informa on.

5. Clarifica on and Summariza on:

If something is unclear, the case worker should politely ask for clarifica on.
Summarizing what the client has said shows that the case worker is ac vely engaged
and helps ensure accurate understanding.

6. Building Rapport:
A respec ul, non-judgmental, and friendly approach makes the client feel
comfortable. Building rapport from the beginning ensures smooth communica on
throughout the session.

7. Confiden ality and Trust:

Reassuring the client that their personal informa on will be kept confiden al
encourages openness and honesty in sharing sensi ve issues.

Conclusion:
Using these skills during the interview enables the case worker to form a strong professional
rela onship, gather essen al informa on, and develop an effec ve plan to support the
client.
d) Explain meaning and essence of transac onal analysis in context of cogni ve behavioural
technique. 5

Meaning:
Transac onal Analysis (TA) is a psychological theory developed by Eric Berne, which analyzes
social interac ons (transac ons) to understand human behavior. It focuses on how people
communicate and what ego state (Parent, Adult, or Child) they operate from during
interac ons. TA helps individuals become aware of their thought pa erns, emo onal
responses, and behaviors in different situa ons.

Essence in the Context of Cogni ve Behavioural Technique (CBT):

1. Understanding Ego States:

TA iden fies three ego states:

o Parent (rules, values),

o Adult (ra onal thinking),

o Child (emo ons, crea vity).

In CBT, understanding these states helps recognize irra onal thoughts (o en
from Parent or Child ego states) and replace them with ra onal, Adult-level
thinking.

2. Awareness of Communica on Pa erns:

TA helps individuals iden fy unhelpful communica on styles (e.g., blaming,
submissiveness), which is important in CBT to restructure dysfunc onal beliefs and
improve interpersonal rela onships.

3. Promotes Self-Reflec on:

Both TA and CBT emphasize self-awareness. TA encourages clients to reflect on their
past decisions, “life scripts,” and habitual responses, which aligns with CBT's focus on
challenging nega ve automa c thoughts and behaviors.

4. Behavioral Change:
By analyzing transac ons, TA enables clients to iden fy unhealthy pa erns and
choose more construc ve behaviors—similar to CBT’s goal of modifying maladap ve
behavior through cogni ve restructuring.

5. Focus on Present Func oning:

Though TA recognizes past influences, it emphasizes present interac ons and
choices—complemen ng CBT’s ac on-oriented and present-focused approach to
improving mental well-being.
Conclusion:
Transac onal Analysis, when used within the cogni ve behavioural framework, enhances a
client’s understanding of their thought-emo on-behavior cycle by decoding interpersonal
communica on and ego states. It promotes healthier thinking and behavioral choices,
leading to improved emo onal and rela onal func oning.

5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each:

1. Self-Actualisa on

Introduc on:
Self-actualisa on is the process of realizing one’s full poten al. It is the highest need in
Maslow’s hierarchy and represents the drive toward personal growth, crea vity, and
fulfillment.

Main Points:

1. Self-actualisa on involves achieving personal goals and using one's talents to the
fullest.

2. It is an ongoing process, not a fixed state.

3. Maslow described self-actualised people as autonomous, crea ve, and problem-

solving.

4. They are guided by inner values, not social pressures.

5. They accept themselves and others as they are.

6. They seek truth and meaning in life.

7. They o en experience "peak experiences" – intense moments of joy or inspira on.

8. In social work, promo ng self-actualisa on means helping clients reach their highest
poten al.

9. It requires a suppor ve environment that meets basic needs first.

10. Self-actualisa on enhances emo onal well-being and self-confidence.

Conclusion:
Self-actualisa on is the ul mate goal of personal development. Helping individuals reach
this stage fosters independence, sa sfac on, and long-term growth.

2. Transference
Introduc on:
Transference is a psychoanaly c concept where clients project feelings from past
rela onships onto the therapist or helper, o en unconsciously.

Main Points:

1. It usually involves feelings rooted in childhood rela onships.

2. The client may see the therapist as a parent, friend, or authority figure.

3. Transference can be posi ve (affec onate feelings) or nega ve (anger, mistrust).

4. It reveals unresolved emo onal conflicts.

5. The therapist must recognize transference without becoming reac ve.

6. It can provide insight into the client's rela onal pa erns.

7. Discussing transference helps the client understand their emo ons be er.

8. It builds deeper therapeu c understanding.

9. Mismanagement of transference can damage the client-therapist rela onship.

10. Managing transference requires empathy, pa ence, and skill.

Conclusion:
Transference is a powerful tool in therapy that, when handled carefully, helps reveal and
resolve deep-rooted emo onal issues.

3. Principle of Self-Determina on

Introduc on:
Self-determina on is the right of individuals to make choices and decisions about their own
lives, without undue influence from others.

Main Points:

1. It is a core ethical principle in social work and counseling.

2. It respects the dignity, freedom, and autonomy of individuals.

3. Clients are empowered to take control of their lives.

4. The social worker provides guidance but does not dictate decisions.

5. It builds client confidence and responsibility.

6. It is especially important in vulnerable popula ons.

7. Excep ons occur when a client poses harm to self or others.

 8. Informed decision-making is key – clients must have all relevant informa on.

9. It supports long-term independence.

10. It requires balancing professional judgment and client freedom.

Conclusion:
The principle of self-determina on ensures clients are treated as capable individuals,
encouraging empowerment, growth, and accountability in social work prac ce.

4. E ological Diagnosis

Introduc on:
E ological diagnosis refers to iden fying the underlying cause of a person’s psychological,
emo onal, or behavioral issues.

Main Points:

1. It goes beyond symptoms to discover root causes.

2. Causes can be biological (e.g., gene cs), psychological (e.g., trauma), or social (e.g.,
poverty).

3. It is essen al for crea ng effec ve treatment plans.

4. It helps avoid temporary or superficial solu ons.

5. Mul ple factors may contribute to one issue (biopsychosocial approach).

6. It informs the choice of therapy or interven on.

7. It improves accuracy in predic ng outcomes.

8. Requires careful assessment and case history.

9. Helps dis nguish between similar disorders.

10. Builds a deeper understanding of the client's life context.

Conclusion:
E ological diagnosis is crucial for addressing not just what the problem is, but why it exists—
leading to more meaningful and las ng solu ons.

5. Therapeu c Interviewing

Introduc on:
Therapeu c interviewing is a structured, goal-oriented conversa on between a professional
and a client aimed at understanding and resolving the client’s problems.
Main Points:

1. It is based on trust, empathy, and confiden ality.

2. Helps in building rapport and understanding the client’s background.

3. Uses techniques like open-ended ques ons and ac ve listening.

4. Allows clients to express emo ons and thoughts freely.

5. Helps in assessing emo onal, behavioral, and social issues.

6. Encourages reflec on and insight in clients.

7. Provides a safe space for sharing trauma or sensi ve issues.

8. Helps in se ng goals and planning interven ons.

9. Must be non-judgmental and client-centered.

10. Effec ve interviewing leads to be er outcomes and stronger therapeu c

rela onships.

Conclusion:
Therapeu c interviewing is a vital tool in casework and counseling, enabling professionals to
connect deeply with clients and guide them toward recovery and growth.