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Tuberculosis Communications Viva

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with India having the highest global burden. The treatment regimen for drug-sensitive TB follows the DOTS Category I guidelines, involving a 6-month course of first-line drugs. Regular monitoring for side effects and adherence is crucial, and drug-resistant TB requires more complex and toxic treatment options.

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Aditya vaidya
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17 views3 pages

Tuberculosis Communications Viva

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with India having the highest global burden. The treatment regimen for drug-sensitive TB follows the DOTS Category I guidelines, involving a 6-month course of first-line drugs. Regular monitoring for side effects and adherence is crucial, and drug-resistant TB requires more complex and toxic treatment options.

Uploaded by

Aditya vaidya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tuberculosis (TB) – Pharmacology Communication Viva

Introduction

1.​ Causative agent: Mycobacterium tuberculosis


2.​ Pulmonary TB = infectious, affects lungs
3.​ Extrapulmonary TB = non-infectious (e.g., lymph node, spine)

India accounts for the highest TB burden globally. Hence, counseling is a national priority
under NTEP (formerly RNTCP).

💊 Treatment Regimen: DOTS Category I (Drug-sensitive TB)


From KDT + NTEP 2024 guidelines:

Phase​ Duration​ Drugs (FDCs)

Intensive​ 2 months​ HRZE (4 drugs)


Continuation​ 4 months​ HR (2 drugs)

🧪 Drugs used (1st-line):


R​ Rifampicin​ 10 mg/kg
H​ Isoniazid​ 5 mg/kg
Z​ Pyrazinamide​ 25 mg/kg
E​ Ethambutol​ 15 mg/kg

Each RHZE FDC tablet contains:


1.​ Rifampicin 75 mg
2.​ Isoniazid 50 mg
3.​ Pyrazinamide 150 mg
4.​ Ethambutol 275 mg

🧾 Communication Goals
1. 🧬 Why treatment is long

TB bacilli grow slowly, and hide in tissues.

Treatment requires minimum 6 months to sterilize latent bacteria.

Stopping early → relapse + resistance.

2. 💊 Drugs and Their Side Effects


Isoniazid​
Hepatitis, peripheral neuropathy
Give pyridoxine (Vit B6) to prevent neuropathy

Rifampicin​
Hepatitis, orange-red urine, drug interactions​ Tell patient not to worry about colored
urine

Pyrazinamide​
Hepatitis, hyperuricemia (joint pain)​
Check liver function, warn about joint pain

Ethambutol​
Optic neuritis (loss of red-green vision)
Report blurred vision early

3. 🧪 Need for Regular Monitoring


LFTs (Liver Function Tests) if symptoms

Visual acuity check before and during ethambutol

Adherence check at each visit

6. 🧬 Drug-Resistant TB (MDR-TB, XDR-TB)


You may be asked about it briefly:

MDR-TB = resistant to INH + Rifampicin

Requires 2nd-line drugs like fluoroquinolones, bedaquiline, linezolid

Longer, more toxic treatment → hence prevention by adherence

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🛡️ National Program (India): NTEP


Free diagnosis and treatment

Goverment l gives ₹500/month (Nikshay Poshan Yojana)

Follow-up schedule

Partner notification and family screening

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