As per UGC guidelines an electronic bar code is provided to seure your paper

International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology, 9(04): 120-125, 2023
Copyright © 2023 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
ISSN: 2455-3778 online
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46501/IJMTST0904020
Available online at: http://www.ijmtst.com/vol9issue04.html

Modelling and Thermal Analysis of Four

Stroke Four Cylinder IC Engine by using
ANSYS
Singu Srinivas1, Rangu Mohan1, Shaik Mahaboob Subhani1, Devarapu Ganesh1, Podili venkata veera vasu1 ,
Shaik Chand Mabhu Subhani 2

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eswar College of Engineering, Narasaraopet, AP.

2 Assistant Professor, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Eswar College of Engineering, Narasaraopet, AP.

To Cite this Article

Singu Srinivas, Rangu Mohan, Shaik Mahaboob Subhani, Devarapu Ganesh, Podili venkata veera vasu and Shaik
Chand Mabhu Subhani. Modelling and Thermal Analysis of Four Stroke Four Cylinder IC Engine by using ANSYS.
International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 2023, 9(04), pp. 120-125.
https://doi.org/10.46501/IJMTST0904020

Article Info
Received: 28 February 2023; Accepted: 23 March 2023; Published: 27 March 2023.

ABSTRACT
A cylinder engine body is an integrated structure comprising the cylinder(s) of a reciprocating engine and often some or all of
their associated surrounding structures. The present aim of the project is to study the effect of the materials being used for the
Piston, Connecting rod and Crank Shaft assembly for an engine of a four wheeler vehicle. The engine speed was desired to be
increased. The effect of the materials used for the assembly and its behavior was required to be studied. The parts piston,
connecting rod and crankshaft are designed using theoretical calculations. The designed parts are modeled and assembled in 3D
modeling software (Catia). The Finite Element Analysis is done in Ansys.
The FE Analysis involves structural and analysis of the assembly. The parts of the assembly should be rigid. And, when they
are connected together, they should perform as a mechanism. This requires calculation of the forces acting on the components and
the dynamic stresses. As the assembly will be working under high temperatures, so thermal analysis also has to be done.
From the results, it is observed that a change in the piston material will allow the engine to operate at the new high speed.
Modelling assembly of 4-stroke 4-cylinder IC Engine components took place in Catia V5 R19 and thermal analysis of Engine is in
ANSYS WORKBENCH 2019 R3. In this thermal analysis thermal stresses and heat flux were determined. Basic materials used are
Aluminum alloy, Titanium alloys, magnesium alloys and stainless steel for I.C. engine components. The comparison of a study
among those materials was taken place.

KEYWORDS: Engine components, IC engine, CATIA v5, ANSYS, Thermal analysis

1. INTRODUCTION part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal

An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine combustion engine, the expansion of the
where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer high-temperature and high- pres-sure gases produced
(usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral by combustion applies direct force to some component of

120 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

the engine. The force is applied typically to pistons, #608,845 for an "internal combustion engine" the Diesel
turbine blades, rotor or a nozzle. This force moves the engine. The diesel engines of today are refined and
component over a distance, transforming chemical improved versions of Rudolf Diesel's original concept.
energy into useful mechanical energy. They are often used in submarines, ships, locomotives,
The first commercially successful internal combustion and large trucks and in electric generating plants.
engine was created by Étienne Lenoir around 1859[1] Though best known for his invention of the
and the first modern internal combustion engine was pressure-ignited heat engine that bears his name, Rudolf
created in 1876 by Nikolaus Otto (see Otto engine). Diesel was also a well-respected thermal engineer and a
The term internal combustion engine usually refers to social theorist. Rudolf Diesel's inven-tions have three
an engine in which combustion is intermittent, such as points in common: They relate to heat transference by
the more familiar four-stroke and two-stroke piston natural physical processes or laws; they involve
engines, along with vari-ants, such as the six-stroke markedly creative mechanical design; and they were
piston engine and the Wankel rotary engine. A second initially motivated by the inventor's concept of
class of internal com-bustion engines use continuous sociological needs. Rudolf Diesel originally conceived
combustion: gas turbines, jet engines and most Solanki et al. [6] presented literature review on
Rocket engines, each of which are internal combustion crankshaft design and optimization. The ma-terials,
engines on the same principle as previously described. manufacturing process, failure analysis, design
Firearms are also a form of internal combustion engine. consideration etc. were reviewed. The design of the
4-Stroke IC engine is reciprocating type whose base is crankshaft considers the dynamic loading and the
engine block. The engine block contains cylinder and optimization can lead to a shaft diameter satisfying the
inside that cylinder piston, and crankshaft are connected requirements of the automobile specifications with cost
by connecting rod. The con-necting rod is held in and size effectiveness. They con-cluded that crack grows
position by piston pin or gudgeon pin. One working faster on the free surface while the central part of the
cycle consists of 2 revolutions of crankshaft of 4 strokes crack front becomes straighter. Fatigue is the dominant
of the piston. mechanism of failure of the crankshaft.
These strokes are Residual imbalances along the length of the crankshafts
1. Suction Stroke are Crucial to performance. Meng et al. [7] discussed the
2. Compression stroke stress analysis and modal analysis of a 4-cylinder
3. Expansion Stroke crankshaft. FEM software ANSYS was used to analyze
4. Exhaust Stroke the vibration modal and distortion and stress status of
crank throw.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW The relationship between frequency and the vibration
Rudolf Diesel was born in Paris in 1858. His parents modal was explained by the modal anal-ysis of
were Bavarian immigrants. Rudolf Diesel was educated crankshaft. This provides a valuable theoretical
at Munich Polytechnic. After graduation he was foundation for the optimization and improvement of
employed as a refrigerator engineer. However, his true engine design. Maximum deformation appears at the
love lay in engine design. Rudolf Diesel designed many Centre of the crankpin neck surface. The maximum
heat engines, including a solar-powered air engine. In stress appears at the fillet between the crankshaft journal
1893, he published a paper describing an engine with and crank cheeks, and near the central point journal. The
combustion within a cylinder, the internal combustion crankshaft deformation was mainly bending
engine. deformation was mainly bending deformation under the
In 1894, he filed for a patent for his new invention, lower frequency. Maximum deformation was located at
dubbed the diesel engine. Rudolf Diesel was almost the link between main bearing journal and crankpin and
killed by his engine when it exploded. However, his crank cheeks. So, the area prone to appear the bending
engine was the first that proved that fuel could be fatigue crack.
ignited without a spark. He operated his first successful Monetizers’ and Fatemi [8] choose forged steel and a
engine in 1897.In 1898, Rudolf Diesel was granted patent cast iron crankshaft of a single cylinder four stroke

121 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

engine. Both crankshafts were digitized using a CMM
machine. Load analysis was per-formed and verification
of results by ADAMS modeling of the engine. At the next
step, geometry and manufacturing cost optimization
was performed. Considering torsional load in the overall
dynamic loading conditions has no effect on von-mises
stress at the critically stressed location. Experimental
stress and FEA results showed close agreement, within
7% difference. Critical locations on the crank-shaft are all
located on the fillet areas because of high stress gradients
in these locations. Geometry optimization results in 18%
weight reduction of the forged steel.

3. MODELLIMG AND ASSEMBLY OF I.C ENGINE

COMPONENTS USING CATIA
The piston is designed according to the procedure and
specification which are given in ma-chine design and
data hand books. The dimensions are calculated in terms
of SI Units. The pressure applied on piston head,
temperatures of various areas of the piston, heat flow,
stresses, strains, length, diameter of piston and hole,
thicknesses, etc., parameters are taken into consideration

Fig:3 Connecting rod in catia v5

Fig1: Modeling of piston in catia
Fig.no.4: Assembly of a connecting rod and piston

Fig.2: Engine cylindrical pin in catia v Connecting rod

Figno5: Assembly of ic engine

122 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.2 TITANIUM ALLOY
Ansys Launch Workbench from the Start menu and
drag the Geometry module from the Toolbox into the
Project Schematic. Then double-click on Geometry to
open the Design Modeler window. To import your
femur model, click on File > Import External Geometry
File
Select your femur IGES file. Click on Generate to
complete the import. This step may take a while because
of the large number of triangles in your model. You
should see the figure to the right. When working with a
biomedical implant, the normal steps would be to create
the geometry in Solid-Works, then export the part as an
IGES file. For this tutorial, a femoral implant is provided
on the website. Download this file to your directory.
Table 1: Material properties of titanium alloy
Import the FemoralImplant.IGS model using the same
steps as before. Click on Generate to complete the
import.

Fig no 6: Imported geometry from catiav5

Fig 9: Total heat flux of titanium alloy

Fig no 7:Meshed body in ansys Fig10: Directional heat flux of titanium alloy
4.3 STAINLESS STEEL

table 5.3 material properties of stainless steel

Fig no 8: Boundary conditions
4.1 TYPES OF MATERIALS
The Different Types of Materials Are Use In Analysis
1. Titanium Alloy
2. Stainless Steel
3 Magnesium Alloy
4 Aluminum Alloy
Fig.11: Temperature of stainless steel

123 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

Fig.12: Total heat flux of stainless steel fig.16:Directional heat flux of magnesium alloy
4.5 ALUMINUM ALLOY

Fig.13: Directional heat flux of stainless steel

4.4 MAGNESIUM ALLOY

Table 4: Material properties of aluminum alloy

Table 2 :Material properties of magnesium alloy

Fig.17: Temperature of aluminum alloy

Fig 14 :Temperature of magnesium alloy

Fig.18 :Total heat flux of aluminum alloy

fig.15: Total heat flux of magnesium alloy

Fig 19 : Directional heat flux of aluminum alloy

124 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

 [3] Mauro, S., Şener, R., Gül, M. Z., Lanzafame, R., Messina,
M., Brusca, S.: “Internal combustion engine heat release
calculation using single-zone and CFD 3D numerical
models”, International Journal of Energy and
Environmental Engineering, Vol. 9, 2018, pp 215-226,
[4] Rakopoulos, C.D., Kosmadakis, G.M., Pariotis, E.G.:
“Evaluation of a new computational fluid dynamics model
for internal combustion engines using hydrogen under
motoring conditions”, En-ergy, Vol. 34, 2009, pp 2158-
Table 5: results of materials 2166,
[5] Plengsa-ard, C., Kaewbumrung, M.: “CFD modelling wall

5. CONCLUSION heat transfer inside a combustion cham-ber using ANSYS

forte”, Proceeding of 8th TSME-International Conference
Familiarized with designing tool CATIA (sketcher,
on Mechanical Engineer-ing (TSME-ICoME 2017), IOP
part assembly, drafting), analysis method ANSYS
Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 297,
(Mechanical APDL, ANSYS workbench). Successfully 2018, Bangkok, Thailand.
completed designing components of IC ENGINE and [6] A. Solanki, K. Tamboli,M.J, M.J, M.J, M.J. Zinjuwadia,
assembling them by using CATIA, performed steady (2011), “Crankshaft Design and Optimi-zation- A Review”
state thermal analysis on IC Engine using ANSYS. National Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering &
The fundamental concepts and design methods Technology.
concerned with four stroke four cylinder engine have [7] J. Meng, Y. Liu, R. Liu, (2011), “Finite Element analysis of
4-Cylinder Diesel Crankshaft” I.J. Image, Graphics and
been studied in this project Aluminum alloy is the best
Signal Processing, vol 5, pp. 22-29 C. Y. Lin, M. Wu, J. A.
material and the results found by the use of this
Bloom, I. J. Cox, and M. Miller, “Rotation, scale, and
analytical method are nearly equal to the actual
translation resilient public watermarking for images,”
dimensions used now a days. IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 767-782, May
The materials used are aluminum alloy, titanium 2001.
alloy, magnesium alloy, stainless steel among this [8] F. H. Montazersadgh, A. Fatemi, (2007), “Project Report on
materials aluminum alloy is the best material, because it Stress Analysis and Optimization of Crankshafts Subject to
have the properties of low weight, high thermal Dynamic Loading” The University of Toledo.
conductivity & greater flux. [9] Y. Gongzhi, Y. Hongliang, D. Shulin, (2011), “Crankshaft
Dynamic Strength Analysis for Marine Diesel Engine”
Hence it provides a fast procedure to design a engine
Third International Conference on Measuring Technology
which can be further improved by the use of various
and Mechatronics Auto-mation, pp. 795-799.
software and methods. The most important part is that
[10] G. Yingkui, Z. Zhibo, (2011), “Strength Analysis of Diesel
very less time is required to design the engine and only a Engine Crankshaft Based on PRO/E and ANSYS”.
few basic specifications of the engine. [11] C.M Balamurugan, R. Krishnaraj, Dr.M.sakhivel,
K.kanthavel, Deepan Marudachalam M.G, R.Palani,
Conflict of interest statement “Computer Aided modelling and optimization of
Authors declare that they do not have any conflict of Crankshaft”, International Journal of scientific and
interest. Engineering Reaserach, Vol-2, issue-8, ISSN:2229-5518,
August-2011.
[12] Gu Yingkui, Zhou Zhibo, “Strength Analysis of Diesel
REFERENCES
Engine Crankshaft Based on PRO/E and ANSYS”, Third
[1] Davinić, A.: “Identification of characteristics of International Conference on Measuring Technology and
multi-process operation of the piston IC engine”, Ph. D. Mechatronics Automa-tion, 2011.
thesis, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Engineering,
2013,
[2] Islam, A., Umer Sohail, M., Ali, S.M., Hassan, A., Kalvijn,
R.: “Simulation of Four Stroke Internal Combustion
Engine”, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering
Research, Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2016, pp 1212-1219,

125 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology