AISHWARYA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION(LAW)

SESSION-2024-25

B.A .LL.B –4th SEMESTER

SUBJECT – COMPUTER EDUCATION

TOPIC- STEP BY STEP PROCESS OF E-MAILING ,CONCEPTS OF

HTML

SUBMITTED TO - SUBMITTED BY -

MS. JAYA GANGWANI Ma’am SNEHA SHARMA

(ASST. PROFESSOR)
 INDEX

Sr.No Content Page No.

1 Acknowledgement
2 Introduction
3 Step of email processing
4 Html(intro)
5 Concept of Html
6 Conclusion
7 Bibliograpy
 ACKNOWLEGEMENT

On this great occasion of successful completion of my assignment

on STEP BY STEP PROCESS OF E-MAILING ,CONCEPTS OF
HTML , I would like to thank my lecturer Ms. Jaya Gangwani
Ma’am , who has guided and assisted me to complete the
assignment. Without his support I would not have finished the
assignment within time.

I would also like to take again this opportunity to thank our

Coordinator Mrs. Dr Neelema Arora , Ma’am and my friends and
family members, without them this assignment could not have
been completed in a short duration.
 INTODUCTION:-
Electronic Mail:

Electronic mail (E-mail) is an electronic message transmitted over a network

from one user to another. E-mail is a text-based mail consisting of lines of text,
and can include attachment such as audio messages, pictures and documents.
The features of e-mail are as follows:

 E-mail can be sent to one person or more than one person at the same
time.
 Communicating via e-mail does not require physical presence of the
recipient. The recipient can open the e-mail at his/her convenience.
 Since messages are transmitted electronically; e-mail is a fast way to
communicate with the people in your office or to people located in a
distant country, as compared to postal system.
 E-mail messages can be sent at any time of the day.
 A copy of e-mail message that the sender has sent is available on the
sender’s computer for later reference.

In addition to sending messages, e-mails an ideal method for sending

documents already on the computer, as attachments. E-mail has features of the
regular postal service. The sender of e-mail gets the e-mail address of the
recipient, composes the message and sends it. The recipient of e-mail can read
the mail, forward it or reply back. The recipient can also store the e-mail or
delete it.

E-mail Address:
To use e-mail, a user must have an e-mail address. The e-mail address contains
all information required to send or receive a message from anywhere in the
world. An e-mail address consists of two parts separated by @ symbol (spelled
as at)-the first part is user_name and the second part is host computer name.
The e-mail address may look like abcdgoel@gmail.com where, abcdgoel is the
user_name, gmail.com is the host computer name (domain name) i.e. the
mailbox where finally the mail will be delivered. Gmail is the mail server
where the mailbox “abcdgoel” exists.

E-mail Message Format:

The e-mail message consists of two parts-header and body. The header
contains information about the messages, such as-

 From-Sender’s e-mail address.

 To-Recipient’s e-mail address.
 Date-When the e-mail was sent.
 Subject-The topic of the messages.
 Cc-Addresses where carbon copies of the same e-mail will be sent. The
recipients of e-mail can see all e-mail address to which the copies have
been sent.
 Bcc-Addresses where Blind carbon copies (Bcc) of the same e-mail will
be sent. The recipients of e-mail do not know that the same e-mail has
been sent to other e-mail addresses.
 The size of e-mail.
 The body contains the text of the message and any attachments to be
sent.

Step-by-Step Processing of Emailing:

1. Composing the Email
The user writes an email using an email client (like Gmail, Outlook, or
Thunderbird). The messages includes:
Sender’s address (From)
 Recipient’s address (To, Cc, Bcc)
 Subject line
  Body text
 Attachments (optional)

2. Clicking Send
When the user clicks “send,” the email client formats the email using the
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension) protocol, which allows for
text, images, and attachments.

3. Client contracts SMTP server

The email client contacts the SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
server associated with the sender’s domain. SMPT is the protocol used to
send emails across the Internet.

4. SMPT Server Processing

 The SMPT server checks the sender’s identity
 It breaks the recipient’s email address into two parts: username and
domain (e.g., user@example.com).
 It looks up the recipient’s domain to find its mail server using DNS
(Domain Name System).

5. DNS Lookup and MX Records

 The SMPT server queries a DNS server to get the MX (Mail
Exchange) records of the recipient’s domain.
 MX records point to the IP address of the recipient’s mail server.

6. Routing the Email

 The SMPT server sends the email to the recipient’s mail server
(also using SMPT).
 If the recipient’s server is unreachable, the message is queued and
delivery is retired later.
 7. Receiving Mail Server Stores the Email
 The recipient’s mail server receives the email and stores it in the
user’s mailbox.
 Anti-spam and virus checks may be performed.

8. Recipient Accesses the Email

 The recipient uses an email client or webmail to access the mailbox.
 The client connects to the mail server using either.
 POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) – downloads emails and deletes them
from the server.
 IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) – keeps emails on the
server and synchronizes across devices.

9. Email Displayed to Recipient

The Email client retrieves and displays the message to the user including
all formatting and attachments.

Email Services:
There are two kinds of e-mail services- Application-based e-mail, and web-
based e-mail.
Application-based e-mail is installed onto the user’s computer. The mail is
stored on the user’s computer. For using an application based e-mail, the user
uses a program such as Microsoft Outlook, Outlook Express etc. The user must
have an e-mail account on the Internet mail server with a domain name (e.g.
vsnl.com), which is provided by the ISP whose services the user is using to
connect to the internet. The user also has an e-mail address (create e-mail
address by adding your username to e-mail server’s domain name E.g.
aagoel@vsnl.com), which indentifies the user uniquely on the e-mail server.
Web-based e-mail or webmail appears in a web browser’s window. A web-
based e-mail can be accessed by the user from any Internet-connected
computer anywhere in the world. Web-based e-mail is not stored on the user’s
computer. Many free web-based e-mail services are available.
Hotmail, yahoo, and Gmail provide free e-mail accounts. An example of web-
based e-mail address is ashima1234@gmail.com.

How E-mail Works:

The e-mail works on the client-server model. El-mail clients are the users who
wish to use the e-mail facility. The basic functionality of the client includes-
create new e-mail, display and store received e-mails, address list of contacts
etc. Both, the sender of e-mail and the recipient of e-mail are e-mail clients. E-
mail server is a combination of processes running on a server with a large
storage capacity-a list of users and rules, and the capability to receive, send,
and store emails and attachments.
These servers are designed to operate without constant user intervention.
The e-mail client interacts with the e-mail server to send or receive e-mail.
Most email servers provide email services by running two separate processes
on the (POP3) and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 3 (SMTP). Some e-mail
servers also run another process on the machines-Internet Message Access
Protocol (IMAP).
SMTP is used to send e-mail from the client to server and from one server to
another server. POP3 is used by client from application based e-mail to access
mail from the server
IMAP is used by client for web-based e-mail to access mail on server.
The e-mail client-server work as follows:
 The client connects to e-mail server when the user wants to send,
check or receive e0-mail. The clients connects to the server on two
TCP/IP ports-(1) SMTP on port 25, and (2) POP3 on port 110 or
IMAP on port 143.
 SMPT server accepts outgoing email from client (sender e-mail
client). Next, the SMPT server checks the e-mail address at which
e-mail has to be delivered (recipient e-mail client). If the recipient
e-mail client resides on the same SMPT server, then the e-mail is
sent to the local POP or IMAP server, otherwise, the e-mail is sent
to another SMPT server so that it reaches the recipient e-mail
client’s SMPT server.
  POP3 stores e-mail for a client on a remote server. When the client
gets connected to server, the e-mail messages are downloaded from
POP3 server to client’s computer.
 IMAP also stores e-mail on a remote server. However, the e-mail
messages are not downloaded to the client’s computer. The user
manipulates the e-mail messages directly on the e-mail server.
 The POP3/IMAP and SMTP are linked by an internal mail delivery
mechanism that moves mail between the POP3/IMAP and SMTP
servers.

HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

1. Introduction
HTML is the standard language used to create and design web pages.
2. Basic HTML Structure
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>My First Web Page</title>
</head><body>
<h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
<p>This is my first HTML webpage.</p>
</body>
</html>
3. HTML Elements
 Headings: <h1> to <h6>
 Paragraphs: <p>
 Links: <a href=”URL”> Click Here</a>
 Images: <img src=”image.jpg”alt=”Description”>
 Lists: Orderd <ol> and Unordered <ul>
 Concept of HTML (Hypertext Markup
Language)

1. Introduction
HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is the standard
language used to create and design web pages. HTML describes the
structure and layout of a web page using a system of elements called
“tags”.

2. What is HyperText?
HyperText refers to text that contains links to other texts or resources.
Clicking on hyperlink in a webpage redirects the user to another page or
section.

3. Markup Language
A markup language uses tags to define elements within a document.
These tags tell the browser how to display the content (link heading,
paragraphs, images, and links).

4. Structure of an HTML Documents A basis HTML

documents consists of the following parts:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> Page Title</title>
</head>
 <body>
<h1>Main Heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
 <!DOCTYPE html>: Declares the HTML version.
 <html>: Root element of an HTML page.
 <head>: Contains meta-information (e.g., title, styles).
 <body>: Contains the visible content of the webpage.

5. Common HTML Tags and Their use

 <h1> to <h6>: Headings
 <p>: Paragraph
 <a>: Hyperlink
 <img>: Image
 <ul>, <ol>, <li>: Lists
 <table>,<span>: Tables
 <div>, <span>: Layout and styling
6. Features of HTML
 Platform-independent: Runs on any device/browser
 Easy to learn and use
 Supported by all modern web browsers
 Works with CSS and JavaScript for styling and interactivity

7. Importance of HTML
 Forms the backbone of all websites
 Enables linking and navigation on the internet
 Conclusion
E-Mailing:
Emailing has become an essential tool in both personal and professional communication.
It enables instant transmission of messages, documents, images, and other files across the
world. Understanding the proper steps in composing and sending an email ensures that
your communication is effective, respectful, and appropriately formatted.
By mastering the email process—composing a clear subject line, organizing the content,
using proper etiquette, and reviewing before sending—you improve not only the clarity
of your message but also your credibility as a communicator. Additionally, being aware
of how to manage attachments, use Cc and Bcc properly, and follow up on responses can
significantly boost productivity and professionalism in digital correspondence.
As email continues to be a core mode of communication in schools, businesses, and daily
life, learning the structured approach to emailing is a valuable skill that supports
collaboration, information sharing, and relationship-building.

HTML (HyperText Markup Language):

HTML is the backbone of web development. It provides the structure and organization of
web content. Every website you visit is built on HTML, making it a fundamental skill for
anyone interested in web design, digital content creation, or software development.
Understanding HTML concepts means knowing how to create headings, paragraphs,
links, images, forms, and tables—all the core components of a web page. It introduces the
logical structure of content through the use of tags and attributes, helping browsers
interpret and display information properly.
Although HTML does not control style (handled by CSS) or behavior (handled by
JavaScript), it lays the essential groundwork. Without HTML, there would be no
meaningful content on the web.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Mozilla Developer Network (MDN Web Docs)

HTML: HyperText Markup Language.
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML

W3Schools
HTML Tutorial.
https://www.w3schools.com/html/

Google Support
Send & open emails.
https://support.google.com/mail/answer/6586

Microsoft Support
Send an email in Outlook.
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/send-an-email-5f7cb2c0-7633-481f-b5a8-ebe709d9c7a3

GeeksforGeeks
Introduction to HTML.
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/html-introduction/

 TEXT BOOK ON INFORMATION TECNOLOGY BY NCERT