Psychological Well-being and Job Satisfaction

among Mental Health Professionals

Submitted by,

Aiswarya C.S.
 Introduction

Mental health is a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities,

can cope with the normal stresses of life, and is able to make a contribution to his or her

community(WHO ,2007).A mental health professional is a health care provider or a provider of social

and human services who provides services to improve an individual's mental health or treat mental

diseases.

As per MHC act 2017, mental health professional (MHP) includes psychiatrist, professionals

having a postgraduate degree including Ayurveda in Mano Vigyan Avum Manas Roga or

Homoeopathy in Psychiatry or Unani in Moalijat (Nafasiyatt) or Siddha in Sirappu Maruthuvam, and

also a professional registered with the concerned State Authority under Section 55 (clinical

psychologists, mental health nurses [MHNs], and psychiatric social workers) and they will become

eligible for assessing mental capacity and eventually for admitting them as inpatient in independent

admissions as per the 2017 act. Mental health establishment (MHE) includes inpatient establishments

of all health establishments including all other medical treatment modalities as specified by act for care

of PMI excluding residential places. This makes even the multispecialty hospitals and general hospitals

under the purview of the act for registration as MHE and these hospitals may not register due to

unnecessary fears which may lead to decreased treatment options for PMI. The Indian Psychiatric

Society has given representations to government to remove general hospital from registration as MHE,

but the Government did not consider it. The act highlighted the importance of clause “meant for care”

for PMI, and this is reflected for defining places like sheltered accommodation for not specifying MHE

registration as seen in draft rules.The four categories of profession under the MHC Act in detail:
1.Clinical Psychologists:

According to the American Psychological Association, Society of Clinical Psychology ‘‘The

field of Clinical Psychology integrates science, theory, and practice to understand, predict, and

alleviate maladjustment, disability, and discomfort as well as to promote human adaptation,

adjustment, and personal development. Clinical Psychology focuses on the intellectual, emotional,

biological, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of human functioning across the life span, in

varying cultures, and at all socioeconomic levels.’’

2. Clinical Social worker

Social workers focus on ways to assist individuals, families, groups, and communities to

restore or enhance their social functioning. Social workers emphasize the importance of social

conditions that facilitate optimal development. Social work practice includes activities such as policy

development, program planning, program management, research consultation, case management,

discharge planning, counseling, therapy, and advocacy.

3.Psychiatric nurse:

Psychiatric nurses are professionals who offer services to individuals whose primary care

needs relate to mental and developmental health (Robiner, 2006). Psychiatric nurses are responsible for

managing administrative matters in inpatient settings, providing psychoeducation and counseling, and

super-vising ancillary services provided by others. Psychiatric nurses are employed in diverse settings

including acute psychiatry, long-term geriatric care and home care, residential and community

programs for the developmentally handicapped.

4.Psychiatrist

As medical generalists, these physicians are usually the first health care professionals

consulted for any health condition, be it physical or mental. Psychiatrists are physicians who specialize

in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illnesses. Like all physicians, in four years of

medical school training they learn about the functioning of the human body and the health services that

physicians provide. As with other medical specialties, training as a psychiatrist requires five years of

residency training after the successful completion of basic medical training. A range of residency

options are possible, including both broad training in psychiatric services as well as specific training in

subspecialties such as child psychiatry or geropsychiatry. Once they have completed specialization in

psychiatry, psychiatrists rarely examine or treat the basic health problems that were covered in their

medical training.

Considering the mental health of the professionals who care for the mentally ill, the study

focuses on the subjective well-being and job satisfaction experienced by mental health professionals in

this world of increasing psychological disturbances.

Psychological Well-being

Psychological well-being is defined as a subjective sensation of contentment, happiness,

satisfaction with one's life experiences and work responsibilities, a sense of accomplishment, utility,

belongingness, and a lack of discomfort, dissatisfaction, or worry, among other things. These things

are difficult to assess objectively, which is why the phrase "subjective" well-being is used. In difficult

conditions, it may be maintained, but in a favorable position, it may be lost.

Job Satisfaction

Satisfaction is the degree to which employees have a positive affective orientation toward the

organization's employment. Employees who are dissatisfied will, of course, have a negative affective

orientation toward the organization.

Work, supervision, pay, promotion, and coworkers are some of the most commonly used dimensions

of job satisfaction. Rather than "satisfaction," the term "job satisfaction" is frequently used.

Satisfaction is a good example of dimensionalization. The various dimensions are part of a broader

concept. Work satisfaction, for example, is included in the organization's domain of affective

orientation toward employment.

Rationale of the Study

In the present society, people have a common notion that mental health professionals have very

strong mental abilities to deal with challenges, so they can’t experience stress, fear, anxiety and

depression. But the fact is mental health professionals are also human beings and are not immune to

psychiatric illnesses, frustrations, stress, guilt, fear, anxiety and depression. Mental health

professionals also experience a similar kind of situation in their family and immediate society. Owing

to the unavailability of sufficient studies linking the variables psychological well-being and job

satisfaction among mental health professionals in the state of Kerala, this study aims to find the

relationship between psychological well-being and job satisfaction among the mental health

professionals of the state.

Research Question

1.Whether there exists a relationship between psychological well-being and job satisfaction among

mental health professionals.

2.Whether the Psychological Well-being and Job Satisfaction among different categories of mental

health professionals differ.

Objectives of the study

1.To assess the relationship between psychological well-being and job satisfaction among mental

health professionals
2.To compare psychological well-being among Psychiatrists, Clinical Psychologists, Psychiatric

Nurses and Social Workers.

3.To compare job satisfaction among Psychiatrists, Clinical Psychologists, Psychiatric Nurses and

Social Workers.

Hypothesis

H1: There will be a significant relationship between psychological well-being and job satisfaction

among mental health professionals.

H0: There will be no significant difference between psychological well-being among Psychiatrists,

Clinical Psychologists, Psychiatric Nurses and Social Workers.

H0: There will be no significant difference between job satisfaction among Psychiatrists, Clinical

Psychologists, Psychiatric Nurses and Social Workers.

 Review of Literature

The following are the reviews of previously conducted studies related to the variables reflected

in the present study

Thakur, M., Hn, J., Sharma, R., Mohanan, K., & Hari Hara, S. (2022) conducted a study on Job

satisfaction, psychological well-being, and perceived stress among teachers during the pandemic.

Various social media sites were used to distribute questionnaires. A semi-structured proforma

collecting socio-demographic characteristics, Job satisfaction scale (Macdonald and Macintyre, 1997),

Psychological well-being scale (Diener et al., 2010), and Perceived stress scale (PSS) were included in

the online questionnaire (Cohen et al., 1983). The statistical programme SPSS 25 was used to

analyse the data (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). A total of 302 individuals participated in the index study.

The majority of the participants in the study reported moderate levels of stress, and their psychological

well-being was adversely impacted. Stress levels were shown to be negatively linked with age and job

satisfaction, showing that the elderly were less stressed and more satisfied at work.

McLoughlin C., Casey S., Feeney A., Weir D., Abdalla A. and Barrett E. (2021) conducted a

study on Burnout, work satisfaction and wellbeing among non-consultant psychiatrists in Ireland. The

study aimed to explore the areas of psychological well-being, satisfaction at work, and burnout among

non-consultant psychiatrists in the nation of Ireland. This study found out that lack of supervision is

associated with burnout, lower satisfaction at work, and poorer psychological well-being. Results

indicate that close evaluation of these areas is important to identify vulnerable individuals and areas of

training which can be improved upon, which may lead to relevant measures being administered for the

welfare of psychiatrists, patients, and the whole society.

Leadore, L. & A de Los Santos, A. (2021) conducted a study on Fear of COVID-19,

psychological distress, job satisfaction and turnover intention among frontline nurses, to investigate the

impact of COVID-19 fear on nurses' psychological distress, job satisfaction, and intention to leave

their organization and profession. It is a cross-sectional study with 261 frontline nurses from the
Philippines. According to the findings, a higher level of fear of COVID-19 is linked to lower job

satisfaction, increased psychological distress, and increased organizational and professional turnover

intentions. Frontline nurses who reported not having received COVID-19-related training, as well as

those who worked part-time, reported increased fear of COVID-19.

Holton, S., Wynter, K., Trueman, M., Bruce, S., Sweeney, S., Crowe, S., Dabscheck, A.,

Eleftheriou, P., Booth, S., Hitch, D., Said, C. M., Haines, K. J., & Rasmussen, B. (2020) conducted a

study on Psychological well-being of Australian hospital clinical staff during the COVID-19

pandemic. During the COVID-19 epidemic, this study looked at the psychological well-being of

Australian hospital clinical staff. In Melbourne, Australia, an anonymous online cross-sectional survey

was undertaken in a big metropolitan tertiary health facility. Nurses, midwives, doctors, and allied

health (AH) staff completed the survey. Results indicated that approximately one-quarter of

respondents reported symptoms of psychological distress and the COVID-19 pandemic had a

significant effect on the psychological well-being of hospital clinical staff, particularly nurses and

midwives.

Foster, K., Roche, M., Giandinoto, J., & Furness, T. (2019) conducted a descriptive correlational

study on the Workplace stressors, psychological well‐being, resilience, and caring behaviours of

mental health nurses. An online cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from 498 nurses

working in mental health positions or settings in Victoria, Australia, using convenience sampling.

There were weak to substantial positive associations between workplace resilience and psychological

well-being across all stressor groups (consumer/carer; colleague; organisational role; and

organisational service), according to the data. Nurses who identified consumer/career-related pressures

as their most challenging challenge had a worse psychological well-being. There were weak to

moderate positive links between occupational resilience and psychological well-being, but none

between resilience and caring behaviours. Less experienced nurses had poorer workplace resilience

than those with more than 5 years of experience, and younger nurses had lower workplace resilience

than those over 40 years old.

 The studies mentioned above are focused on the variables psychological well-being and job

satisfaction among different populations. The studies reveal that there exist positive relationship

between psychological well-being and job satisfaction. The literature review also shows that only few

studies are conducted on the above variables among different categories of mental health professionals.

A handful of studies can be found on psychological well-being and job satisfaction among other

professions compared to the studies on mental health professionals.

 Methodology

Descriptive comparative, correlational research will be used to meet the objectives of this study.

Research Design

The current study is a descriptive one. Descriptive research entails gathering information to

answer inquiries about the current state of the study's subjects. Online as well as offline survey will be

conducted to gather data. The necessary data for this investigation will be acquired using well-

established scales. Purposive sampling is used to choose the sample. The data will be evaluated using

acceptable statistical methods using SPSS, and the responses will be rated according to the various

manuals.

The study is also comparative in nature as it seeks to understand the Psyhological Well-being

and Job Satisfaction among different categories of mental health professionals. In comparative

research, data are collected primarily by observation, and the goal is to determine similarities and

differences that are related to the particular situation or environment of the two groups.

Comparisons lead to new insights and better understanding of all participants involved.

The study is correlational as it analyses the relationship between Psychological Well-being and

Job Satisfaction among different categories of mental health professionals.

Sample and sampling

The study will be conducted among different mental health professionals(n=150). Participants

will be selected through purposive sampling method. The sample will have both male and female

participants.

Inclusion criteria:

1.Participants should have minimum 5years’ experience.

2.Both male and female mental health professionals.

3.Menatl health professionals belonging to any category can fill the questionnaire.
Exclusion criteria

1.Retired mental health professionals.

2.Participants beyond 15 years’ experience.

Ethical considerations

1.Informed consent

The subject will be given a brief idea about the questionnaire and the purpose for which it is

administered.

2.Confidentiality of collected data

The data collected from the subject will be kept confidential and will be used only for the academic

purposes.

3.No participant will be under any pressure or obligation to take part in the study.

4.The subject has the freedom to quit from the study at any point of time.

5.Anonymity of individuals will be ensured.

Operational definitions

The following are the operational definitions of the variables that will be used in the study.

1.Psychological well-being: According to Diener and Smith (1999), psychological or subjective well-

being as a broad construct, encompassing four specific and distinct components including (a) pleasant

or positive well-being (e.g., joy, elation, happiness, mental health) , (b)unpleasant affect or

psychological distress (e.g., guilt, shame, sadness, anxiety, worry, anger, stress, depression), (c)life

satisfaction (a global evaluation of one’s life) and (d)domain or Situation (e.g., Work, family, leisure,

health, finance, self).

2.Job satisfaction: Satisfaction is the degree to which employees have a positive affective orientation

toward the organization's employment. Most academics agree that job satisfaction is a broad topic with
many dimensions. The most common classification (Smith, Kendall, & Hulin, 1969) takes into account

five aspects of job satisfaction: salary, promotions, coworkers, supervision, and the task itself

Tools

A sociodemographic scale developed by the researcher will be used to collect primary data. The scale

includes name(optional), age, gender, profession, educational qualification and years of experience of

the subject.

The variables psychological well-being and job satisfaction will be measured using the following

scales:

1.Psychological well-being Scale (PWBS-SDCP; DR. Singh Sisodia, D. &Choudhary, P.)

Developed by psychologists DR. Singh Sisodia, D and Choudhary, P. the 50-item Psychological

Wellbeing (PWB) Scale measure several aspects of well-being like Satisfaction, Efficiency,

Sociability, Mental health and Interpersonal relationships. Respondents rate how strongly they agree or

disagree with 50 statements using a 5-point Likert scale. All statements are of positive manner.5 marks

to strongly agree , 4 marks to agree , 3 marks to undecided, 2 marks to disagree and 1 mark to strongly

disagree responses are assigned. The sum of the marks is obtained for the entire scale. The higher the

score more is the well-being. The PWB Scale appears to be a reliable and valid tool. It is simple and

fast, has a high correlation with other related variables, but is also relatively independent of them. It

demonstrates a significant relationship with therapeutic intervention and can thus be used to assess

outcome in such cases. It is extremely dependable and consistent. It is likely to be a useful tool in all

circumstances.

Reliability

A test-retest method and an internal consistency method were used to determine the

scale's reliability. The scale has a test-retest reliability of 0.87 and a consistency of 0.9.

Validity

The scale also has a high level of content validity. The scale was validated using
external criteria, yielding a coefficient of 0.94.

2.Job satisfaction Survey(JSS; Spector, P.E)

The Job Satisfaction Survey, JSS is a 36 item, nine facet scale, developed by Paul E.Spector to

assess employee attitudes about the job and aspects of the job. Each facet is assessed with four items,

and a total score is computed from all items. A summated rating scale format is used, with six choices

per item ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree". Items are written in both directions, so

about half must be reverse scored. The nine facets are Pay(pay and remuneration),

Promotion(promotion opportunities), Supervision(Immediate supervisor), Fringe Benefits(monetary

and nonmonetary fringe benefits), Contingent Rewards (performance based rewards), Operating

Procedures (required rules and procedures), Coworkers(people you work with), Nature of Work(Job

tasks themselves), and Communication(communication within the organization). Although the JSS

was originally developed for use in human service organizations, it is applicable to all organizations.

Reliability

The internal consistency reliabilities (coefficient alpha), based on a sample of 2,870,for the

nine facets of the JSS is obtained to be .75(pay), .73(promotion), .82(supervision),.73(fringe

benefits, .76(Contingent rewards), .62(Operating Procedures), .60(coworkers),

.78(Mature of Work), .71(Communication), and .91(Total of all facets).

Validity

Previous studies have shown that this instrument has high validity and internal consistency

(Tsounis & Sarafis , 2018;Ogunkuade & Ojiji , 2018;Li & Huang , 2017) .Thefactor loads

were high and ranged from 0.61 to 0.90.

Data Collection

The participants in the inclusion criteria will be selected through purposive sampling method. All

participants will be informed about the nature of the study and assurance will be given that their

responses to the study questions will remain confidential. Informed consent of the participants is
necessary for participation in the study. The participation is entirely voluntary without any monetary

compensation. Data will be collected through distribution of questionnaire among the mental health

professionals and those in unreachable sites will be given google forms having the same.

Data analysis

Descriptive statistics is employed in the study. The collected data will be analyzed using appropriate

statistical techniques which include:

1.Mean and standard deviation

The mean indicates where the distribution's center is located. Simply put, it's the total number

of observations divided by the number of observations. The standard deviation of a sample is a

measurement of how much the observations differ from the mean. It's similar to an average deviation

from the mean. It can also be used to determine the dispersion in the population from which a sample

is drawn. If the data are regularly distributed, the standard deviation and mean can be used to figure

out what percentage of the observations fall inside a certain range of values and standard deviation.

2. Pearson correlation coefficient

The test statistic Pearson's correlation coefficient assesses the statistical link, or association,

between two continuous variables. Because it is based on the method of covariance, it is known as the

best method for quantifying the relationship between variables of interest. It provides information

about the amount of the link, or correlation, as well as the relationship's direction.

3.One-way Anova

ANOVA or analysis of variance is used to compare the means of more than two samples .It

uncovers the main effects of the independent variables on one or more dependent variables.This

method is an extension of the two sample ‘t’ test specifically for the cause where the population

variances are assumed to be equal.

If there are statistically significant variations between the means, a one-way ANOVA can be

employed. It is based on a comparison of two variance estimates, one of which represents the variance

due to differing group means. If the two variances are not significantly different, it is reasonable to

assume that the complete group means are drawn from the same sample distributions of means, and

there is no reason to suspect that the group means differ. The F-statistic analyzes the ratio of the error

variance to the variance attributable to group .

The greater the 'F' ratio, the greater the difference between groups as compared to differences

within groups. If the F ratio is equal to or less than one, there is no significant difference between

groups, and the null hypothesis is true, we can conclude that the independent variables had no effect on

the dependent variables. If the t test shows that the hypothesis is incorrect, multiple comparison tests

will be performed to investigate the specific relationship between the groups further. Multiple

comparisons of group means will be done using tests like Scheffe's post hoc comparison tests.

Limitations

The study analyses the relationship between variables but it fails to explain the cause and

relationship existing between the variables among different categories of mental health professionals.

Another limitation of the study is that it includes only four categories of mental health professionals

due to the lack of time and economy. So the generazibility of the study is limited.
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 Appendices

Appendix-A

CONSENT

We would appreciate it if you took a few moments to read the accompanying material and consent to

participate. As part of our academic curriculum, we are conducting a research study. We kindly request

you to participate in the study. For each question, you will be given options to choose from, and you

must honestly answer these questions. Any information gathered through the study, as well as your

personal information, will be kept strictly confidential and utilized solely for academic purposes.
 Appendix-B

Socio-demographic Data Sheet

Name (optional):………………………………………………………………………….

Age:……………………………………………………………………………………….

Gender:……………………………………………………………………………………

Educational qualification:…………………………………………………………………

Profession(tick any of the below):

Clinical psychologist/ Psychiatrist/ Psychiatric nurse /Social worker

Years of experience:……………………………………………………………………….

Annual income:…………………………………………………………………………….
 Appendix- c

Psychological Well-being Scale

Instruction: The following statements are related to psychological wellbeing. Please read the

following statements carefully and answer accordingly. There are 5 possible answers for each

statement a) Strongly agree, b) Agree, c) Undecided, d) Disagree, e) Strongly disagree. Put a

tick ‘✓’ mark on the phrase you can relate with.

Area I

1) I think I have a particular meaning and purpose of my life.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

2) I have happy memories of the past.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

3) I am very much satisfied about everything in my life.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

4) In general, I feel I am in charge of the situation in which I live.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

5) In most ways my life is close to my ideal.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

6) The conditions of my life are excellent.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

7) So far I have the important things I want in life.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

8) If I could live my life over, I would change, almost nothing.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

9) In many ways. I feel contended about my achievements in life.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

10) I am living the kind of life I wanted to.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

Area II

11) I find easy to make decisions.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

12) In my daily life I get chance to show how capable I am.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

13) I feel positive and creative.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

14) I find I can think quite clearly.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

15) I am quite good at managing responsibilities of my daily life.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

16) For me, life has been a continuous process of learning, changing and growth.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

17) I feel that I am capable of working hard.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

18) I feel eager to tackle my daily task or make new decisions.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

19) I feel I can easily handle or cope with any serious problem.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

20) I think it is important to have new experiences that challenge how you mink about
yourself and the world.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly

disagreeArea III
21) I take immense interest in other people.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

22) I always keep committed and involved.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

23) I have adjusting nature and sense of belongings.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

24) I feel I must do what others expect me to do.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

25) People would describe me as a giving person willing to share my time with others.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

26) I have good influence on life.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

27) It is always necessary that others approve of what I do.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

28) Maintaining close relationships gives pleasure to me.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

29) I experience warm and trusting relationships with others.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

30) I believe that people are essentially good and can be trusted.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

Area IV

31) I remain energetic active and vigorous whole day.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

32) Thought of accident doesn't affect me.

 a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

33) Tension in life doesn't affect my health.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

34) I have no difficulty in sleeping.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

35) I keep myself busy whole day.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

36) Illness doesn't affect my mental health.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

37) I feel rested when I wake up in the morning.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

38) Talking or thinking about my illness doesn't make any difference to me.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

39) Usually I don't feel tired, worn out, used up or exhausted.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

40) Age related problems are part of life.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly

disagreeArea V

41) Personal relationship gives me pleasure.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

42) I enjoy company of other people.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

43) I enjoy my personal achievements.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

44) I perform useful activities like reading, gardening, etc. in my leisure time.
 a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

45) I have no hesitation in talking to anyone.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

46) I like to do any task at right place and right time.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

47) I have good relations with relative and friends.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

48) I feel satisfied by doing religious activities.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

49) I like to watch programs on TV with everyone.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

50) I am always careful about my manner of dress.

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Undecided d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

 Appendix- D

Job Satisfaction Survey

Instruction: The following statements are related to work environment. Please read the following
statements carefully and answer accordingly. There are 6 possible answers for eachstatement: 1)
Disagree very much, 2) Disagree moderately, 3) Disagree slightly 4) Agree slightly 5) Agree
moderately 6) Agree very much. Put a tick ‘ ’ mark on the phrase you can
relate with.
1) I feel I am being paid a fair amount for the work I do.
1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

2) There is really too little chance for promotion on my job.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

3) My supervisor is quite competent in doing his/her job.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

4) I am not satisfied with the benefits I receive.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

5) When I do a good job, I receive the recognition for it that I should receive.
1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

6) Many of our rules and procedures make doing a good job difficult.
1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

7) I like the people I work with.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

8) I sometimes feel my job is meaningless.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly
 4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

9) The goals of this organization are not clear to me

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

10) Communications seem good within this organization.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

11) Raises are too few and far between.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

12) Those who do well on the job stand a fair chance of being promoted.
1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

13) My supervisor is unfair to me.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

14) The benefits we receive are as good as most other organizations offer.
1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

15) I do not feel that the work I do is appreciated.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

16) My efforts to do a good job are seldom blocked by red tape.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

17) I find I have to work harder at my job because of the incompetence of people I workwith.
1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

18) I like doing the things I do at work.

 1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

19) I feel unappreciated by the organization when I think about what they pay me.
1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

20) People get ahead as fast here as they do in other places.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

21) My supervisor shows too little interest in the feelings of subordinates.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

22) The benefit package we have is equitable.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

23) There are few rewards for those who work here.
1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

24) I have too much to do at work.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

25) I enjoy my co-workers.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

26) I often feel that I do not know what is going on with the organization.
1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

27) I feel a sense of pride in doing my job.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

28) I feel satisfied with my chances for salary increases.
1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

29) There are benefits we do not have which we should have.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

30) I like my supervisor.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

31) I have too much paperwork.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

32) I don't feel my efforts are rewarded the way they should be.
1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

33) I am satisfied with my chances for promotion.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

34) There is too much bickering and fighting at work.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

35) My job is enjoyable.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much

36) Work assignments are not fully explained.

1) Disagree very much 2) Disagree moderately 3) Disagree slightly

4) Agree slightly 5) Agree moderately 6) Agree very much