Article and its Uses

Prepared and Developed by

Faysal Ahmed Shishir
CSE (IUBAT)

A, An Ges The ‡K article e‡j| Kvh© I DrcwË Abyhvqx Bnviv mvaviYZ: adjective wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ nq|
KviY Bnviv Noun ‡K qualify (wb‡`©k) K‡i| Zv‡e adjective Gi mv‡_ article Gi cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q|
†hgb:
i. Adjective Gi degree of comparison Av‡Q wKš‘ article Gi degree of comparison ‡bB|
ii. AwaKvsk Adjective predicate verb Gi c‡i em‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ article predicate wn‡m‡e em‡Z
cv‡i bv|

Article `yB cÖKvi| i) Indefinite ii) Definite

Indefinite Article

A Ges An ‡K Indefinite Article e‡j KviY Zviv †Kvb Awbw`©ó e¨w³, cÖvYx I e¯‘‡K eySvq| Singular
Countable Noun Gi c~‡e© a /an e‡m| A_©MZ w`K †_‡K a Ges an Gi g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB| Z‡e
e¨env‡ii w`K †_‡K Bnv‡`i g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB| Z‡e e¨env‡ii w`K †_‡K Bnv‡`i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q|
†hgb:
He bought a pen.
The boy took an egg.
Definite Article

The ‡K Definite Article e‡j KviY Bnv GK ev GKvwaK e¯‘ ev cÖvYx‡K wbw`©ó K‡i eySvq| Definite
Article, Singular Ges Plural Dfq cÖKvi Noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m|
†hgb:
The boy took the eggs.

USES OF A & AN

1. mvaviYZ k‡ãi ïiæ‡Z consonant _vK‡j Zvi c~‡e© a Ges vowel (a, e, i, o u) _vK‡j Zvi c~‡e© an
e‡m|
†hgb: a hen, a boy, a pen, an egg, an apple.

2. hw` k‡ãi cÖ_g Aÿi h _v‡K Ges Zv hw` D”PvwiZ nq Z‡e Zvi c~‡e© a e‡m Ges h D”PvwiZ bv n‡j Zvi
c~‡e© an e‡m|
†hgb: a horse, a historian, an honest man, an hour.

3. k‡ãi ïiæ‡Z hw` vowel ev vowels _v‡K Ges Zv hw` BD (u) Gi gZ D”PwiZ nq Zvic~‡e© a e‡m|
†hgb: a ewe, a European, a uniform, a university, a useful metal, a unique position.

4. O w`‡q MwVZ mg¯Í k‡ãi c~‡e© an e‡m| ïaygvÎ One hy³ k‡ãi c~‡e© a e‡m|

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†hgb: an open field, an open heart surgery, an opera, an orange, a one taka note, a one
eyed man.
5. mswÿß k‡ãi (abbreviation) cÖ_g Aÿi Vowel- Gi gZ D”PvwiZ n‡j Zvi c~‡e© an e‡m| an
M.A., an F,R,C,S. an F. C. P.S| wKš‘ mswÿZ k‡ãi (abbreviation) cÖ_g Aÿi Consonant
Gi gZ D”PvwiZ n‡j Zvi c~‡e© a e‡m|
†hgb: a B.A. a B.A.G. a B.Sc.

OTHER USES OF A & AN

1. GK RvZxq mKj‡K eySv‡Z Singular common noun Gi c~‡e© indefinite article (a/an) e‡m|
†hgb: a dog is a fathful animal, an ant is industrious.

2. wbw`©ó †Kvb e¨w³ ev e¯‘‡K bv eywS‡q GKwU e¨w³ ev e¯‘y †K eySvq Ggb Noun Gi c~‡e© Indefinite
Article(a/an) e‡m|
†hgb: He bought an ice cream, I live in a tiny room.

3. The same (GKB). The certain (‡Kvb GK) BZ¨vw` A_© cÖKvk Ki‡Z Singular common noun
Gi c~‡e© (a/an) e‡m|
†hgb: Criminals are of a (the same) character.
They are men of a (the same) profession.
There lived a (a certain) king

4. KLbI KLbI Preposition A‡_© a e¨eüZ nq, ZLb †mB Ò a Ó †K Disguised Preposition e‡j|
†hgb: the king wint a (on) hunting.

5. Plural Noun Gi c~‡e© few, little, good, good many, lot of, great, many, good deal.
BZ¨vw` e¨eüZ n‡j Zv‡`I c~‡e© Ò a Ó e‡m|
†hgb: He earns a lot of money. There is a little water in the glass. There are a few apples
on the table. He lived a great many years. King Solomon had a great deal of money.

6. msL¨vevPK expression ‡hgb: couple, dozen, score (20), hundred. Thousand million, Gi
c~‡e©© Ò a Ó e‡m|
†hgb: He earns a hundred taka a day. They sod a dozen pens. At least a million of people
attended the meeting.

Exclamation eySv‡Z what, how such BZ¨vw`i c‡i (a/an) e‡m|

†hgb: Such a long queue, what a pretty girl, How nice a bird. BZ¨vw`|

7. wKQz wKQz Phrase Gi c~‡e© a/an e‡m|

†hgb: In a body, in a hurry, in a nutshell, in a fix, in a temper, to take an interest.

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 8. Singular common noun Gi c~‡e© quite, many, rather, but, more, not e¨eüZ n‡j †m noun
Gi c~‡e© © a/an e‡m|
†hgb: Gulliver’s Travels is quite an interesting book. Mr. Khan is rather a gentleman. You
are but a child. Not a rickshaw is seen on the road.

9. Adjective- Gi c~‡e© so, too BZ¨vw` _vK‡j Bnv‡`i c‡i a/an e‡m|
†hgb: This is too serious a matter for him to overlook. Iron is so useful a metal. The horse
is so faithful an animal.
10.Zzjbv A‡_© Proper noun hLb Common noun wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq ZLb Bnvi c~‡e© a/an e‡m|
†hgb: Nelson Mendela is an Abraham Lincoln in his ideals. I see you are a Wordsworth.

11.Abstract Noun hLb Common Noun- iæ‡c e¨eüZ nq ZLb Zvi c~‡e© a/an e‡m|
†hgb: Helen was a beauty.

12.Many Ges such Gi c‡I Singular common Noun e¨eüZ n‡j Bnvi c~‡e© a/an e‡m| †hgb:
Many a boy was present in the meeting.

13.Mr/ Mrs/ Miss- Gi c~‡e© a e‡m| †hgb: A Mr. Rahman called at my office. A Mrs.
Shamima sought his help.

OMMISSION OF A/AN

1. Lvev‡ii (meals) c~‡e© a/an e‡m bv| Z‡e Lvev‡ii (meals) c~‡e© Adjective em‡j a/an e‡m|
Incorrect: we have a breakfast at 7 am.
Correct: We have breakfast at 7 am.
Incorrect: we had good breakfast yesterday.
Correct: We had a good breakfast yesterday.

2. Plural Noun – Gi c~‡e© a/an e‡m bv|

†hgb: Roses are beautiful. Horses are useful.

3. Uncountable Noun wn‡m‡e MY¨ advice, information, news baggage, luggage BZ¨vw` Gi
c~‡e© a/an e‡m bv|
†hgb: My teacher gave me good advice. The police failed to get correct information
regarding the murder.

4. Water, milk, oil, ink hydrogen, tea paper, BZ¨vw` uncountable noun Gi c~‡e© a/an e‡m
bv|
†hgb: we write on paper, we take tea. Milk is nutritious food. Z‡e uncountable noun Gm m‡½
wKQz measure words (cwigvc Kiv hvqv Ggb kã) †hvM Kiv n‡j Zv‡`i c~‡e© a/an e‡m| †hgb: Give me a
glass of water.

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 5. Abstract Noun Gi c~‡e© a/an e‡m bv|
†hgb: Kindness is a great virtue.

USES OF DEFINITE ARTICLE

1. wbw`©ó K‡i eySvq Ggb Common Noun Gi Singular I Plural Dfq Number Gi c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: The boys are playing. The girl is reading.G‡ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ The ‡K Defining “The” e‡j|

2. GK RvZxq mKj‡K eyRv‡Z Singular Common Noun Gi c~‡e© The e‡m|

†hgb: The cow is a useful animal. The rose is a nice flower. G A‡_© e¨eüZ The ‡K
Generalising “The” e‡j| G A‡_© The Gi cwie‡Z© cÖ`Ë Common Noun wUi Plural e¨envi Kiv hvq|
The horse is a faithful animal or A horse is a faithful animal or Horses are faithful
animals. gvbeRvwZ eySv‡Z The e‡m bv|
Incorrect: The man is mortal
Correct: Man is mortal

3. b`x, mvMi, DcmvMi, gnvmvMi, ce©Z‡kÖYx, ØxccyÄ, RvnvR BZ¨vw` bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: The Andamans, the Himalayas, The Pacific BZ¨vw`| wKš‘ GKwU gvÎ ce©Z I Øxc eySv‡j Zvi
c~‡e© The e‡m bv|†hgb: Sandwip, Hatia, Mount Everest.

4. ag©MÖš’ I cwÎKvi bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m|

†hgb: The holy Quran. The observer.

5. GKK e¯‘ †hgb:- c„w_ex, m~h©, P›`ª, c~e©, cwðg, DËi, `wÿY BZ¨vw` k‡ãi c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: The earth, the moon, G‡ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ The ‡K Familiar “The” e‡j|

6. eY©bvg~jK ev A_©c~Y© †fvMwjK bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m|

†hgb: The U.S.A, The U.K.

7. Zvwi‡Li bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m|

†hgb: The 10th of November.

8. Possessive Adjective –Gi cwie‡Z© Common Noun Gi †ÿ‡Î The e¨eüZ nq|
†hgb: He Struck me on the (my) head. The teacher pulled the boy by the (his) ear

9. RvwZ I m¤úª`v‡qi bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m|

†hgb: The English. The rich. The poor. Note: RvwZ m¤úª`vq Plural Common Noun nqGes Zvi
c‡i Plural Verb e¨eüZ nq|

10.Superlative Degree- Gi Adjective Gi c~‡e© The e‡m|

†hgb: He is the best boy in the class.

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 11.`yB‡qi g‡a¨ Zzjbv eySv‡Z Adjective Gi coparative Degree Gi c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: Ruba is the better of the two girls.

12.hZ ZZ eySv‡Z Adverb iæ‡c e¨eüZ coparative Degree Gi c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: The sooner the better.

13.‡h mKj Noun Øviv e„wË ev †ckv eySvq †mB Noun Gi c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: He joined the army.

14.Ordinal number hLb Aÿi Øviv †jLv nq ZLb Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: Edward the seventh. George the sixth. Note: ordinal number hLb Roman figure Øviv
†jLv nq ZLb ordinal number Gi c~‡e© The wjL‡Z nq bv| wKš‘ covi mgq The co‡Z Wq| †hgb: Omar
ii (Omar the second)

15.‡Kvb Abstract quality eySv‡Z D³ Adjective Gi c~‡e© The e‡m|

†hgb: People love the brave.
16.‡Kvb wbw`©ó e¨w³ ev e¯‘i eySv‡Z Abstract Noun Gi c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: The courage of Richard is known to all.

17.Common Noun ev Adjective hLb Abstract Idea eySvq ZLb D³ Common Noun ev
Adjective Gi c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: The mother (motherly affection) rose in her.

18.GKB ¸Ym¤úbœ `yB e¨w³ ev e¯‘i mwnZ Zzjbv Kiv n‡j hvi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv nq Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: Nazrul is the Shelley of Bengal.

19.Material Noun Gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| Z‡e Z‡e †Kvb wbw`©ó ¯’v‡bi ev wbw`©ó ¯’v‡bi ev wbw`©ó cÖKv‡ii
c`v_© eySv‡j Material Noun Gi c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: The perfume of Saudi Arabia is famous.

20.cÖwm× HwZnvwmK bv‡gi c~‡e© © The e‡m|

†hgb: Ibrahim Lodi was defeated in the battle of Panipath.

21.Proper Noun Gi c~‡e© Adjective _vK‡j D³ Adjective c~‡e© The e‡m|

†hgb: The great Omar was the second Caliph of Islam.

22.Singular designation (c`ex/ Dcvwa) Gi c~‡e© The e‡m|

†hgb: The President, the Prime Minister.

23.‡Kvb Noun ev hLb Superlative Gi NyiƒZ¡ eySvq ZvLb Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: Michael Jackson is the singer of the day

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 24.Plural cwiev‡ii bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: The Mujghals, The Pathans, The Khans.

25.‡Kvb Adjective/ Adjective Phrase ev Adjective Clause `Øviv †Kvb Common Noun ‡K
wbw`©ó Kiv n‡j Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: The man who came here yesterday is my friend. The man in white dress is known to
me.

26.msL¨v cÖKvvkK ‡h word GKUv unit A‡_© e‡m,

†hgb: He sells mangoes by the hundred. The man buys eggs by the score.

wet`ªt By the dozens, by the scores, by the hundreds ejv nq|

27.Proper Noun Gi c‡i †Kvb epithet (¸bevPK ïã) hy³z nB‡j †mB epithet Gi c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: Alexander, the great was a brave warrior.

28.Musical instruments Gi c~‡e© The e‡m|

†hgb: He plays the piano.

29.Choir. Orchestra Ges Pop group Gi c~‡e© The e‡m|

†hgb: The Miles. The Abba.

30.`yB ev Z‡ZvwaK AweevwnZ †ev‡bi wbKU wjwLZ wUwVi Dci GK‡Î m‡¤^vab Ki‡j Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: Structure: The Misses + Surname: The Misses Khan.

31.wKQz Phrase Gi c~‡e© The e‡m|

†hgb: He is on the bank of ruin. I am in the wrong.

32.KwZcq Collective Noun Gi c~‡e© The e‡m|

†hgb: Rhe elite, the peasantry, the audience.

33.Adjective hy³ KwZcq Proper Noun ev Noun+ Preposition+ Proper Noun Gi c~‡e© The
e‡m|
†hgb: The national zoo at Mirpur, the National Science museum, the fort of Lalbag.

OMISSION OF ARTICLE

1. weL¨vZ MÖ‡š’i †jL‡Ki bvg MÖ‡š’i c~‡e _vK‡j The e‡m bv| wKš‘ †jL‡Ki bvg c~‡e© bv _vK‡j The e‡m|
†hgb: The Agnibina of Nazrul or Nazrul’s Agnibina.

2. Bed, mosque, church, hospital, prison, school, college, university, court BZ¨vw`
¯’vb¸‡jv hw` mvaviY A‡_© (Primary purpose) e¨eüZ nq ev cwi`k©b Kiv nq ZLb G‡`i c~‡e© The
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 e‡m bv| After I leave school, I want to go to college (as a student). Mr Rahim is in
prison for a murder (as a prisoner) Mr. Karim goes to mosque on Friday (normally
a muslim goes to mosque) wKš‘ Dc‡iv³z ¯’vb¸‡jv hLb we‡kl D‡Ï‡k¨ cwi`k©b Kiv e¨eüZ nq
ZLb G‡`i c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: Mr Khan went to the school to meet his son’s teacher (not as a pupil). Mr Rahim
went to the prison to see Karim. (as a visitor, not as a prisoner.)

3. Home Gi c~‡e© hw` descriptive word ev Phrase e¨eüZ n‡j home Gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv|†hgb:
We went home. He is at home. wKš‘ home kãwUi c~‡e© description word ev Phrase e¨eüZ
n‡j home Gi c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: We arrived at the bride’s home. For some four or five years this was the home for
the queen.

4. FZzi bv‡gi c~‡e© the emv‡jI P‡j bv emv‡jvI P‡j|

†hgb: The rain has set in. It dews in winter.

5. iv¯Ív G¨wfby ¯‹qvi, cv‡K©i bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv|

†hgb: In the morning I go to Bahadurshah park. He bought a shop in park Street. wKš‘ iv¯Ívi
bv‡gi †k‡l riad kãwUi D‡jøL _vK‡j Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m|†hgb: He bought a shop on the Mirpur
Road.

6. mvaviYZ: Proper, Abstract. Material I plural Common Noun c~‡e© The e‡m bv|†hgb:
Dhaka is a populous city. Forgiveness is a great virtue. Iron is a useful metal cows
given us milk. wKš‘ plural Common Noun wbw`©ó K‡i eySv‡j Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: The women in the fall are all in red share. The flowers in his garden (not flowers in
general) are fine.
Note: proper Noun Gi c~‡e© c`ex evPK kã _vK‡j Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: The poet Narul is our prid. The caliph Omar was a great ruler.

Abstract Noun Øviv ¸Y bv eywS‡q G ¸Y wewgó e¨w³ eySv‡j A_ev H ¸‡Yi aiY eySv‡j D³ Abstract Noun
Gi c~‡e©© The e‡m Ges Zvi plural I n‡Z cv‡i|
†hgb: Nazrul is the glory of Bangladesh. The crimes committed by the rulers are
unpardonable.

7. Proper Noun Gi c~‡e© Common Noun e‡m hw` Zv Adjective iæ‡c KvR K‡i Z‡e Zvi c~‡e©
Article e‡m bv|
†hgb: Prinicipal Jalaluddin was a man of Strict Principles.

8. Pronominal Adjective I Numeral Adjective hLb †Kvb Common Noun ‡K qualify K‡i
ZLb D³ Common Noun c~‡e© The e‡m bv|
†hgb: This is my Book. Each boy has a separate room.

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 9. Rank (c`ex) Profession (‡ckv) RvZxq Common Noun hLb †Kvb Proper Noun Gi
Apposition iƒ‡c e¨eüZ nq ZLb Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m bv|
†hgb: Dr. Enamul Haque, vice-Chancellor of Jahangir Nagar University, was a scholar.

10.m‡¤^vab c`iæ‡c e¨eüZ Common Noun Gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv|

†hgb: Boys, you are the future leaders of the country.

11.fvlvi bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv|

†hgb: English is an international language. wKš‘ fvlvi c‡i Lanuage kãwU _vK‡j D³ fvlvi c~‡e©
The e¨eüZ nq| †hgb: The English is very interesting to learn.

12.n«‡`I bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv|

†hgb: Lake Superior. Lade Baikal. Lade Caspian.

13.w`b ev gv‡mi bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv|

‡hgb: Sunday, March

14.‡iv‡Mi bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv|

†hgb: Cholera has Broken Out in the village.

e¨wZµg: The gout. The Measles. The mumps.

15.Factitive verb ‡hgb: nominate, elect select. make, appoint ,crown, choose cÖf…wZ verb
¸‡jvi Complement Gi c~‡e© Article e‡m bv|
†hgb: We made him chairman. They elected me captain. wKš‘ Complement wU wbw`©ó K‡i eySv‡j
Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb: We made him the captain of the team.

16.Allah or God Gi bv‡gi c~‡e© Article e‡m bv|

†hgb: Allah has created this earth.

17.kix‡ii A½-cÖZ½ Ges †cvkvK-cwi‡”Q` BZ¨vw`i c~‡e© The e‡m bv| KviY Zviv Possessive
Adjective|
†hgb: Raise your left hand. He took off his shirt.

18.‡Ljvi bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv|

†hgb: He plays football.

19.Possessive Case Gi c‡i †Kvb Noun _vK‡j Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m bv|
†hgb: It is my book

20.åkY m¤úwK©Z hvbevnb ev ågb c‡_i c~‡e© Article e‡m bv|

†hgb: By bus. By train.
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 21.Phrase G e¨eüZ †Kvb †Kvb Singular common noun Gi c~‡e© article e‡m bv|
†hgb: Learn by heart. Take offence.

REPETITION OF ARTICLES

1. `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Adjective hw` GKB Noun ‡K qualify K‡i ZLb cÖ_g Noun wUi c~‡e© Article
e‡m|
†hgb: He has a red and white horse.

wKš‘ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Adjective hw` GKB Noun ‡K qualify bv K‡i wfbœ wfbœ Noun ‡K qualify K‡i
Zvn‡j cÖ‡Z¨KwU Noun Gi c~‡e© a/an e‡m|
†hgb: I have a red horse and a white horse

2. `yÕwU Noun and Øviv hy³ n‡q GKB e¨w³ ev e¯‘‡K wb‡`©k Ki‡j cÖ_g Noun- Gi c~‡e© The e‡m| wKš‘
hw` Noun `ywU Øviv wfbœ wfbœ e¨w³ ev e¯‘ eySvq Zvn‡j Dfq Noun Gi c~‡e© The Ges ZLb Verb
Plural nq|
†hgb: The Headmaster and secretary is present in meeting (GKB e¨w³)| The Headmaster
and the Secretary are present in meeting. (wfbœ e¨w³)

3. Singular Noun – Gi c~‡e© `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Adjective _vK‡j Bnv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨KwUi c~‡e© The e‡m|
wKš‘ Noun wU Plural n‡j ïay cÖ_g Adjective- wUi c~‡e© The e‡m|
†hgb: I have read the fourth and the fifth chapter of the book.

4. A‡bK mgq Article cÖ‡hv‡M A‡_©i cwieZ©b n‡q hvq|

†hgb: few ej‡Z cÖvq wKQzB eySvq bv| a few ej‡Z Aí msL¨K eySvq Ges The few ej‡Z Lye Aí msL¨K Z‡e
me¸‡jv eySvq|
†hgb: I have a few books. I have few books. I have the few books.
Avi Little ej‡Z cÖvq wKQzB (cwigvY) eySvq bv| A little ej‡Z mvgvb¨ cwigvY eySvq Ges the little ej‡Z
mvgvb¨ cwigvY Z‡e Zvi meUzKzB eySvq|
†hgb: I have little rice. I have a little rice. I have the little rice.

5. Zzjbv eySv‡Z `ywU Noun hw` GKB e¨w³‡K wb‡`©g K‡i Zvn‡j cÖ_g Noun wUi c~‡e© article e‡m| wKš‘
Noun `ywU hw` `ywU wfbœ e¨w³‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Z‡e cÖ‡Z¨KwU object Gi c~‡e© article e‡m|
†hgb: She is a better singer than dancer. She is a better singer than a dancer.

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