oa The questions intl question includes one passage and question ca the passage(s). All questi Each question has a sing his section address or more passat arefully, and t ions in this s€ le best answ' ‘The researchers compiled data on side effects from 163 patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder and 25 healthy controls who participated in one of five placebo-controlled clinical trials conducted at the NIH Clinical Center over 13 years. The study did not address the side effects associated with repeated infusions or long-term use. As used in the text, what does the word “controls” most nearly mean? A) authorities B) restraints © benchmarks D) commands © scanned with OKEN ScannerA large percentage of the organisms int are parasitic, meaning they derive nutri another species, but almost none of them are mammalian. One notable —__is the vampire bat, which feeds on the blood of cows and other mammals. he worlg ents from Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) Peculiarity exception C) distortion D) idiosyncrasy © scanned with OKEN Scannerp salt stress: 10 much salt in the soil for plants to thrive js one of the major environmental constraints limiting agricultural productivity and influencin& the of bioactive compounds of this study, we assessed the effect of s on flowering, fructification, and | quality of a local cultivar of chili it nutrition Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) attentiveness B) dedication oO concentration D) centralization © scanned with OKEN scannerHow HE) Ti nin mechanistically regulates hair a levelopment will require in-depth ie ea the curly whiskers from HEPHL1 a 7 ice could help these investigations. Preliminary results showed that HEPHLL Tegulates the activity of an enzyme, lysyl oxidase, 7 i s the activ fan enzyme, | idase. which needs coppe ; for its enzymatic activity, This ae the intriguing possibility that, in addition to playing an iron-related role, HEPHL could relate to the copper absorption associated with Menkes disease and its associated hair abnormalities. In conclusion, our study identified HEPHL1 as a novel gene responsible for hair abnormalities and highlights the importance of exploring the role of HEPHL1—and its interconnections with other key regulators—in developing new therapeutic strategies to treat hair disorders and even more insidious genetic diseases. ‘What is the role of the second sentence in the overall structure of the text? A) It establishes a potential link between HEPHLI and the lack of proper copper absorption found in patients with Menkes disease. atients with hair )_ Itexplains why P: y actually have a condition abnormalities ma) called Menkes disease. nts out that there is a connect ratake and copper intake and an Jd cause Menkes disease. It poi tion between iron i imbalance cow on the claim that mice are the s growth and of data about hair ed to Menkes dist [p) It elaborates best source development relate © scanned with OKEN ScannerIn general, deep ocean habitats may be negatively affected by tidal current energy systems due to the change of water flows, materials on the ocean floor, and movement of sediment. Potential other effects include mortality of fish passing through turbines (blade-strike) and the collision risk of marine mammals with tidal stream farms. A study showed that change in sediment patterns will most likely follow the installation of tidal arrays, impacting the local underwater habitat, and in turn, animal and plant species. However, in their review, Frid et al. conclude that “there is little scientific literature to suggest that operation of underwater tidal energy devices will cause elevated levels of mortality to organisms such as fish and marine mammals? Also, Lewis et al. mention that, “while current technologies have moving parts that may harm marine life, there is no evidence to date of harm from tidal current devices to marine life.” What is the main function of the quotes from Frid et al. and Lewis et al. in the overall structure of the text? A) They show reputable scientists that hold very different views from each other. ‘They provide authoritative viewpoints that oppose that of the author. C) They undermine conclusions which emphasize safety of tidal energy systems, D) They introduce expert opinions that reinforce the authors’ primary claim. © scanned with OKEN ScannerExtraterrestrial life, that familiar sci trope, that kitschy fantasy, that eo peficton has become a matter of serious Fae “risk factor,’ a “scenario.” How has ET = a sci-fi fairytale to a serious scientific en, vi from modeled by macroeconomists, funded by a 1 conservatives, and discussed by theologians? al Because, following a string of remarkable : discoveries over the past two decades, the idea of alien life is not as far-fetched as it used to seem, Discovery now seems inevitable and possibly imminent. In the text, what is the primary function of the phrases “science-fiction trope,’ “kitschy fantasy’ and “CGI nightmare”? A) To point out the ever-changing image of how extraterrestrial creatures appear B) To encourage readers to imagine the possible variety of extraterrestrial life ©) Tointerject a lighthearted note into an otherwise serious passage ©) Toemphasize that there is credibility something that once was believed imp! © scanned with OKEN Scanners . text? . ig79 paper DY father-and-son team Luis and William ‘Alvarez identified their discovery ofunusual quantities of a rare element called jridium in a layer of sediment about 65 million eats 98° ‘They contended that the iridium was indicative of a massive meteor impact that sent dlouds of dust into the atmosphere, cooling the Jn to trigger the mass extinction of the Earth enous) dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous period. Text 2 ‘Though dramatic, the idea ofa meteor strike csping out the dinosaurs is far-fetched, say modern paleontologists. ‘They agree a strike occurred but claim that there was actually no simultaneous or instantaneous event that could tion. Instead, species be classified as a mass extinct slowly died out over millions of years, with the last major representatives living to approximately the end of the Cretaceous period. which choice would the Based on the texts, ,e about? authors of the text most likely agre A) Amassive meteorite impact occurred, though da mass extinction. it may not have cause B) Though the earth cooled due to @ meteor gh to kill the impact, it was not enout dinosaurs. ion of o- mass extincti 1 died. C) There was actually ™ tually they ® dinosaurs, though ever" . jor to the Most dinosaur species died prior to! period after the Cretaceous pene” © scanned with OKEN ScannerTh 7 hi i Bllovring text is adapted from Mother ben ‘ 1912 speech to coal miners picketing in arlestown, West Virginia. I want to show you here that the average wages you fellows get in this country is $500 a year. Before you get a thing to eat there is $20 taken out a month, which leaves about $24 a month. Then you go to the "pluck-me" stores (operated by the mine) and want to get something to eat for your wife, and the child comes back and says, "Papa, I can't get anything.” “Why,” he says, “there is $24 coming to me?” ‘The child says, "They said there was nothing coming to you.” And the child goes back ‘ut a mouthful of anything to eat. crying witho e" store and ‘The father goes to the "pluck—m inager, “there is $24 coming to says to the mal "Oh, no, we have me," and the manager says, kept $26 for rent.” According to the passage, what is true about the wages of the mine workers? are lower than the income of mine ountry. g reduced without (A) They workers around the c' “They are periodically bein explanation. Cc) They are not consistent with the minimum wages of other jabs. [D) They are insufficient because of the policies of the mine owners. © scanned with OKEN Scanner3 1 “The GRL paper focuses on one region of te ath Southern Ocean extending from the tip of ‘America to the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. “The Drake Passage is the windiest, roughest part of the Southern Ocean,’ says Colm Sweeney lead investigator on the Drake Passage study and co-author on the GRL pape “The critical element to this study is that we were able to sustain measurements in this harsh environment as long as we have—both in the summer and the winter, in every year over the last 13 years. “This data set of ocean carbon measurements is the densest ongoing time series in the Southern Ocean” The team was able to take these long- term measurements by piggybacking instruments on the Antarctic Research Supply Vessel Laurenice 'M, Gould, which makes nearly 20 crossings of the Drake Passage each year, transporting people and supplies to and from Antarctic research stations. According to the text, why are the results of the Drake Passage study unique? ‘They used more complete measurements than any other study of the region. B) ‘They were derived using equipment that had not previously been used. © ‘They incorporated chemical measurements as well as other forms of data. D It was the first study to focus only on the Southern Ocean. © scanned with OKEN ScannerEmily Dickenson’s poems were edited friends before publication to Match ¢ the times. Her personal Style still g le tastes of hines th as in the way she personifies books in he “In a Library”: T oem Which quote from “In a Librar: y” most effectively illustrates the aim? ~— “A precious, mouldering pleasure't is/ To meet an antique book, / In just the dress his century wore;” 3) “What interested scholars most, / What competitions ran / When Plato was a certainty.” C) “When Sappho was a living girl, / And - Beatrice wore / The gown that Dante deified! D) “Facts, centuries before, / He traverses familiar, / As one should come to town © scanned with OKEN Scanner3 - p yf we manage to separate out a clean signal from a plenet outside our solar system and find some features in the light spectrum that might be indicative of life, we will need to work hard to think of any non-biological process that might account for them. “Life is the hypothesis of Jast resort” noted astronomer Carl Sagan. This requires some understanding of what processes might operate on worlds that we will know relatively little about; what we find on Earth can serve asa guide but also has potential to lead us astray. Which hypothetical situation is Carl Sagan most likely warning to avoid in his quote? |A) Arrover that was sent to Mars discovers a bacteria-like organism when it drills deep into the core of the planet. ‘Anastronomer realizes that the atmosphere of a planet is too hot to sustain life even though ithas oxygen. ©) Ascientist finds a planet with a Jarge amount of oxygen in its atmosphere S claims that the oxygen is produced by living creatures. net orbiting 4 to have 00 finds a new Pla D) Anew telescop' elieve' a star that was previously be planets. © scanned with OKEN ScannerPercentage of Registered Nurses by Field Government (5%) Educational Services (3%) Nursing homes/ residential care (7%) Ambulatory (outpatient) care (18%) Data from US Bureau of Labor Statistics, June, 2021 he fields in most demand, with ual growth rate of 7 percent s work only Nursing is one of t an anticipated ann' through 2029. Althou; in hospitals, there are s the popul d to the dail gh some nurse actually many options, especially a Jation ages and nurses are needed to ten ly needs of seniors. For example, ___ most effectively uses data from the Which choice le? graph to complete the exer! jonal services employed about 3 A) educali ered nurses in 2021. percent of the regist' nurses worked for the n in ambulatory care. ered nurses working in 021. B) fewer registered government tha regist eased by 7 percent in 2 about 7 percent of F¢6) ered nurses in 2021 worked in nursing OF residential homes. C) the percentage of nursing homes incr © scanned with OKEN ScannerEngineering and Computer Science Stereotypes ng Favoring 2 boys 15 g tee 3 & £ 05 3 eae na nanan ‘2345678 9101112 Favoring 0,5 Grade Level girls LEGEND — Gender-interest —_Gender-ability “Scientists ran an experiment where they found that a diverse set of students believed gender-interest stereotypes favoring boys in computer science and engineering. Students developed these stereotypes at a very young age. They also found that: Gender-interest stereotypes were stronger than gender-ability stereotypes. Girls who believed the stereotypes were ae Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the text? A) less skilled than interested in computer science and engineering, equally skilled and interested in computer science and engineering C) less interested in Participating in computer science and engineeri ering. D) more interested in Participating in com i puter science and engineer: engineering. © scanned with OKEN ScannerMo «following texts adapted from Jefferson Kee 201) statement, “The Indian Reorganization “ ‘act 75 Years Later: Renewing our Commitm to Restore Tribal Homelands and Promote Sa ' determination” : ‘Two years ago, our shared vision and the Federal responsibility to Indian tribes were threatened by the Supreme Court's interpretation of the IRA in Carcieri Salazar, There are at least 14 pending cases where tribes and the Secretary of Interior are under challenge. There are many more tribes whose land-to-trust applications have simply been frozen while the Department of Interior works through painstaking legal and historical analysis, We are seeing harassment litigation against tribes who were on treaty reservations in 1934 with a BIA superintendent. Land acquisitions are delayed. Lending and credit ate drying up. Jobs are lost or never created. We fear that this will continue to get worse until Congress acts. Even worse, this decision will create two classes of Indian tribes: those who will benefit from Federal trust responsiblity and those who will not According to the text, why isthe Carcle decision especially problematic? 1A) Itdid not adhere tothe exact wordin8 of the original 1934 legislation. B) asserted thatthe 1934 legisatio® only applies to specific Native Amnerin* ative by which the N ©) Itcreated new method lands. ‘Americans could regain rat facilitated the 1 set precedents U i ernment’: establishment of tribal 6 " © scanned with OKEN ScannerSeana isa type of talk therapy that mn get unstuck from negative mood ae i: oticing a connection between what nd how they feel, and gradually adding more small and enjoyable actions back into life. Behavioral activation has the goal of decreasing avoidance, bolstering peer connection, and improving engagement in rewarding activities. Through behavioral activation, a client works with a counselor to start looking at actions that could help boost the mood. For example, it might start with a goal to get out of one’s pajamas and to shower every morning. Feeling a little bit better just by taking that step, the patient then could reach out to get extra support catching up in poor school subjects. In other words, rather than waiting to feel better, the patient does things that align with personal yalues and that will lead to feeling better. Based on the text, why is behavioral activation successful in treating depression? courages the patient to do what feels most A) Iten ble at the time. comfortal incremental steps to form patterns of Tt uses ter emotions. behavior that all 5 on solving the proble d behavior. C)_ it focuse’ ms that triggered the depresse Jt emphasizes long- nen the patier term goals that can be D. nt is healthy attempted wl © scanned with OKEN ScannerIn the Solomon Islands, cowry shells were sewn into long pieces of cloth as a form of currency, and although use has declined, they have not been completely replaced by modern coinage. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) its their C) there D) they're Volcanoes come in all sizes and shapes, but they all fall into three basic structural patterns known as cinder cone, shield formations. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) composite (or stratovolcano), and B) composite, (or stratovolcano), and ©) composite (or stratovolcano) and, D) composite, (or stratovolcano) and, © scanned with OKEN Scannerumerous theorists have fered minim ‘echanism for leveling economic int , asam paid workers to earn by enabling lowe! ‘am money. However Professor David Neumark 7 conjunction with Dr. William Wascher ofthe Federal Reserve Board, with this view results of their literature survey covering over 100 papers revealed that only 10 percent reported positive results and over two-thirds documenteg increased disparity. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) dissent @ dissents C) dissenting D) have dissented People in developed nations often take water for ___ over 2 billion people in the world do not have access to safe drinking water; 670 million people have no handwashing facilities at all. Which choice completes the text so that it , conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) granted but; 3) granted; but ranted, but Derma but © scanned with OKEN Scanner‘Wheat and rice are the most common cereal crops in the world and are consumed as the staple part of diets in many countries, but there are many other cereal that can be eaten directly or fed to meat animals. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? Oyrorsse as rye and sorghum— B) crops, such as rye, and sorghum, ©) crops—such as rye and sorghum, D) crops, such as rye and sorghum— Inuit is the common name for a group of live in the arctic and indigenous peoples who li m was originally used subarctic regions. The ter by the Alaskan Inupiat people, so is not always ‘used in self-reference by all the ____ Labrador, Quebec, Nunavut, and the Northwest Territories. that it Which choice completes the text so dard English? conforms to the conventions of Stan‘ |A) sub-groups in Greenland, B) sub-groups in: Greenland, ©) sub-groups in: Greenland © sub-groups: in Greenland, © scanned with OKEN ScannerAccording to the variation among the sites would increase over time, as random chance caused different species to go extinct in some areas but not others. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) Clark the neutral model would predict that: ® Clark, the neutral model would predict that C) Clark, the neutral model would predict: that D) Clark the neutral model would predict, that ‘There are so many sub-fields in science that sometimes the distinctions are hard to determine, and many overlap. paleontology is the study of ancient life, including creatures ranging, from as small as microbes to as large as dinosaurs, but paleoichthyology focuses exclusively on the study of prehistoric fish. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A) Orelse, B) Even so, For instance, D) On the whole, © scanned with OKEN Scannerin which an form of sonar in whic i ‘ the resulting rarious objects- Echolocation is animal emits a sound and, using echo, can locate and identify v Echolocation is highly developed in only afew species, such as bats, whales and dolphins. —— itis also present in a limited form among shrews and two species of cave-dwelling birds. ‘Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? ® However, B) Consequently, ©) Accordingly, D) Clearly, It turns out that 21.6 percent of the population in the United States are bilingual and speak a language other than English in their homes. —— that may seem like a large percentage, it is far lower than the worldwide average of 43 percent of the population speaking at least two languages, Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? G@ Although B) Because C) Despite D) Since © scanned with OKEN Scannerwhile researching a topic, a student has taken the following not es: Maya Angelou was a famous civil rights activist, many other roles throughout her lif, St Poet, and author, though she held 1Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969) is one of her is publicly reveals details about her private lif upto pias books it she was asked to read the poem “On the Pulse of Mornin; it Presi i li ve inaugural ceremony in 1993. ig” at President Bill Clinton's She directed her first movie, Down the Delta, in 1996, though she had previously participated in acting and production of other movies. «Published in 2013 when she was 85 years ‘old, Mom ¢& Me & Mom recounts her complex relationship with her own mother. « Ather death in 2014, she was working on a new book about her experiences with different world leaders. ‘ein some of Maya Angelou's books. ‘The student wants to emphasize an underlying them jon from the notes to accomplish Which choice most effectively uses relevant informati this goal? A) Maya Angelou wrote a wide variety of works in her later years, including Down the Delta and Mom & Me & Mom. B) Many of Maya Angelou’s works, such as I Know Why the Caged Bnd Sings and Mom & Me & Mom, are autobiographical. i 1 leaders, as shown by reading “On sere gurl ceremony nd writing nt Bill Clinton's 1993 inayy death. Maya Angelou had close contact the Pulse of Morning” at Preside book on the subject prior to her aaa such as I Know Why the | acclaim, - & Me & Mom. reat criti Mom D) While some of her books received 8 ular, such as Caged Bird Sings, others were not POI onal © scanned with OKEN ScannerWhile researching a topic, a student hi following notes: as taken the + In 1803, Luke Howard first defined the different categories of clouds. + Cirro-form clouds are high and wispy, like curls of hair. They usually appear before a change in weather. © Cumulo-form clouds are tall, reaching from low to high in the sky because they are formed by rising humid air. They have a flat base and distinct shapes, like fluffy cotton balls. * Strato-form clouds are low, wide, and flat. ‘They often cover the whole sky in a gray or white layer and do not have clear edges. + Nimbo-form clouds are the type that bring rain or snow. They are actually a combination of the other three cloud forms, so can be similar in shape to any of the others. ‘The student wants to emphasize how nimbo-form clouds differentiate from the other three types. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? ()ontte other types of clouds, nimbo-form clouds produce precipitation. B) Nimbo-form clouds are much larger than other types of clouds. C Different from other cloud types, nimbo- forms do not have any shape. D) While other clouds are low in the sky, nimbo- form clouds are high. © scanned with OKEN Scanner