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UNIVERSITY OF PUNE
F. Y. B. Sc. Botany Syllabus

Botany Paper – I (Plant Diversity)

First Term : Plant Diversity Part – I ( 36 Lectures )

1. Introduction to plant diversity: (4L)
Plant diversity – concept, Plant kingdom- Cryptogams and
Phanerogams, diversity in plant kingdom – habit, habitat, duration of
life, Position of plants in five kingdom system.
2. Algal diversity: (10L)
Occurrence, habitat, thallus, cell structure, pigment and food reserve
material, reproduction
Life cycle of Ulothrix
3. Fungal diversity: (10L)
Occurrence, cell structure (Myxomycetes – Stemonites and Eumycetes –
Aspergillus), thallus, nutrition and reproduction
Life cycle of Cystopus
4. Lichen diversity: (3L)
Thallus, reproduction and association
5. Bryophyte diversity: (9L)
Occurrence, thallus, reproduction and sporophyte diversity
Life cycle of Riccia

Second Term : Plant Diversity Part – II ( 36 Lectures )

1. Pteridophyte diversity: (8L)
Sporophyte, gametophyte and reproduction
Life cycle of Selaginella
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2. Gymnosperm diversity : (8L)
Sporophyte, gametophyte, reproduction
Life cycle pattern in Gymnosperms

3. Angiosperm diversity: (14L)

Study of inflorescence –definition,

Types- a) Racemose - Raceme, spike,Spadix, Umbel, Capitulum.
b) Cymose- Solitary cyme, Uniparous, Biparous and Multiparous
Cyme.
c) Special type of inflorescence- Hypanthodium, Cyathium and
Verticillaster
Study of flower- Terminology, Parts of typical flower, floral whorls –
a) Calyx with their modifications and types of aestivations
b) Corolla- Forms – Cruciform, Papilionaceous, Infundibuliform
and bilabiate
c) Androecium- Parts of stamen, cohesion and adhesion
d) Gynoecium- Parts of carpel, Apocarpous and Syncarpous,
types of placentation.
Study of fruit- Classification, types
a) Simple- Achene, Cypsela, Legume, Follicle, Capsule, Drupe,
Berry, Hespiridium,
b) Aggregate- Etario of Berries and follicles
c) Multiple- Sorosis and syconus
Morphology and anatomy of root, stem and leaf with reference to
primary structure of dicot and monocot

4. Conservation of plant diversity: (6L)

Concept, types and Need
Methods –In-situ and Ex-situ enlisting
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Detail study of National Parks, Biosphere Reserve Programmes; Tissue
culture and Botanical gardens
Importance

Botany Paper –II (Plant Resources - Management and Utilization)

First Term : Plant Resources - Management and Utilization Part – I

( 36 Lectures )
1. Introduction : (6L)
a) Concept, natural resources, biological resources, plants as natural
resources
b) Management practices - need and methods
c) Utilization - Bioenergy, food, fodder, fibre, medicine and essences.
d) Plant Resources
Processed – Jam, jelly, squash, ketchup, raisin, pickle and rubber
Unprocessed – Honey, timber, wood, tannins and latex
2. Nursery management : (6L)
Introduction, types of nurseries and cultural practices

Seed (propagule) collection, selection of propagule materials, storage

and treatment

Manures, fertilizers and pesticides

Methods of irrigation – Drip, sprinkler and flood

3. Horticultural practices : (6L)
Introduction, branches and importance
Methods of propagation:
Vegetative –i) Natural - Rhizome, bulb, corm and sucker
ii) Artificial –Cuttings- stem cutting, layering, grafting- Whip, tongue
Side, approach and stone, budding - T and patch budding
4) Greenhouse technology : (6L)
Introduction, advantages and limitations
Types of greenhouses
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Greenhouse structure, principle – i) Site selection and orientation, ii)
Temperature and humidity control

5. Harvest Technology (8L)

Harvest technology management for fruits, flowers and medicinal plants

Artificial ripening, maturity indices, methods of picking

Post-harvest technology and management for fruits, flowers and

medicinal plants – Grading, processing, storage and packing

6. Weed management : (4L)

Introduction and need
Invasive weeds - concept and causes of their dominance
Weed control – Physical, chemical and biological methods
Sustainable use of weeds

Second Term : Plant Resources - Management and Utilization

Part –II ( 36 Lectures )

1. Flower arrangement : (5L)

Introduction, principles, types – social, formal and non-formal, materials

used, vase life improvement. Flower arrangement as a business

2. Biocontrol : (6L)

Introduction, sources and advantages

Important commercial products – Source, preparation and uses of

Pyrethins, Azadiractin, Trichoderma, Indiara,

Biocontrol as a agrobusiness

3. Phytoremediation : (6L)

Introduction, concept and principles

Plant population for phytoremediation processes, strategies and

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applications

4. Bioprospecting : (6L)
Introduction, concept and scope
Untapped plant resources as potential resources
Sea weeds as a potential resource – Food, fodder and fertilizer
Applications
5. Forest as potential resource : (6L)
Introduction and scope
Major forest produce and their uses - Timber, fuel, paper (two examples
of each)
Minor forest produce and their uses – Gum, resin, tannin, dyes and
pigments (two examples of each)
6. Plant resources used in cosmetics, aromatics and pharmaceutics (7L)

Introduction and scope

Herbal preparations

Methods of extraction – Maceration, digestion, decoction, aromatic

waste, extracts and tinctures

1) Cosmetics- Aloe, Henna,

2) Aromatics Lemon grass and Rose

3) Pharmaceuticals- Turmeric and Amla

with reference to Botanical name, family, part used, products and uses
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PAPER III ( Practical Course based on Paper I & Paper II )

F. Y. B. Sc. Botany Syllabus (Practicals)

(1) Study of thallus diversity in algae. (Nostoc, and Scytonema, Chlorella

Hydrodictyon, , Batrchospermum, Ulva and Diatoms). 1 P

(2) Study of life cycle of Ulothrix 1P

(3) Study of thallus diversity in fungi : Stemonites, Phyllachora, Puccinia,

Agaricus, Aspergillus , and Rhizophus 1P

(4) Study of life cycle of Cystopus

(5) Study of Lichen diversity : Crustose, Foliose, Fruticose. 1P

(6) Study of Bryophyte diversity : Riccia, Anthoceros, Funaria with

comparative account. 1P

(7) Study of methods of propagation with the help of suitable materials –

tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, corms, suckers and runners. 1P

(8) Propagation of horticultural plants by stem cuttings and air layering. 1P

(9) Propagation of horticultural plants by grafting (Approach and stone) and

‘T’ budding. 1P

(10) Visit to nursery and polyhouse/greenhouse. 1P

(11) Preparation of jam and squash 1 P

(12) Extraction of essential oil from lemon grass / rose petals and collection
and preparation of Henna powder / Aloe gel. 1P

(13) Study of Pteridophyte diversity (Sporophytes) : Psilotum, Selaginella,

Equisetum, Nephrolepis with comparative account. 1P
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(14) Study of Gymnosperm diversity (Sporophyte) : Cycas, Pinus, Gnetum.

(comparative account of vegetative and reproductive diversity) 1P

(15) Study of flower with reference to Calyx and Corolla 1P

(16) Study of flower with reference to Androecium and Gynoecium 1P

(17) Study of internal structure of dicot: stem, root and leaf. 1P

(18) Study of internal structure of monocot : stem, root and leaf 1P

(19) Study of In-situ conservation : Visit to Botanical Garden/Reserve

forest/National park/Herbal Garden (Visit report expected). 1P

(20) Flower arrangements : Formal, non-formal and social. 1P

(21) Commercial products and their applications in biocontrol : Pyrethrin,

Azadiractin and Trichoderma 1P

(22) Observation of plants used in phytoremediation :Echhornia, Azolla, Pistia,

Lemna, Algal blooms 1P

(23) Study of plant resources and products : Yeast – Yeast tablets, Penicillium
– Penicillin, Spirulina – Spirulina tablets, Algal products – agar, liquid
biofertilizer, Bamboo – paper, Teak – timber, Acacia arabica - gum,
Asafoetida - resin, Acacia catechu – kath. 1P

(24) Study of any two resources of fodder (Alfalfa, Sesbania), fibre (Cotton,
Coconut), medicinal (Amla, Aloe), biofertilizers (BGA, Azolla), honey, timber
(Teak, Sisso) and tannins (Acacia pod/bark, Tea). 1P

(25) Observation of weeds with reference to Botanical Name, Family,

Morphological and Ecological peculiarities:

Native – Cynadon, Euphorbia, Amaranthus.

Exotic/Invasive – Parthenium, Xanthium, Alternanthera, Argemone 1P

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*Students of F. Y. B. Sc. must submit a visit report at the time of practical
examination with reference to Sacred Groves / National Park / Reserve Forest /
Botanical Garden and Nursery / Greenhouse.

* Study tour for observation of plant diversity in nature is compulsory.

Report on excursion is to be submitted at the time of examination. Submission
of herbarium is not expected but photographs may be submitted along with
report.