C L A S S E S

Political
Science

ª Detailed Theory
ª Practice Questions with Solutions
Rajasthan

AIR-24
SSC SSC (CGL)-2011

CDS Raja Sir

BANK Income Tax Inspector
rAILWAY
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Chapter –3
Salient Features of Indian constitution

• Preamble of Indian constitution • Importance of preamble

The preamble of constitution is based on the objective motions, As observed by the supreme court of India, the preamble is
drafted and move by Pundit Jawaharlal Nehru on 13 th December a key to unravel the minds of the makers of the
1946 and Passed by the constitution Assembly. constitution.
It has been amended only one by the 42nd constitution
• Preamble: - We the people of India, having solemnly resolved Amendment Act 1976 which added three new words
to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST, SECULAR, “socialist”, “secular” and “Integrity”.
DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: • Written and Voluminous constitution: - India
Justice social, economic and Political, constitution is a written constitution which has been
drafted after aprolonged process of discussion by the
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief faith and worship
constituent Assembly. In original constitution there were
EQUALITY of status, opportunity and to promote among them all. 365 Article, 8 schedules, 22 parts and a preamble. Many
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity changes have been done through various Amendments in
and Integrity of the nation: constitution.
In our constituent Assembly this 26th day of November 1949 do • Drawn From Various Sources: - the constitution
HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT and GIVE To OURSELVES THIS Assembly of India drew many Feature from various
CONSTITUTION constitution of the world. Almost 75% of the features has
been taken from the Government of India Act 1935.

• Elements of Preamble Dr. Ambedkar rightly claimed that India constitution has
been prepared after ransacking all the constitutions of the
(1) We the people of India= Emphasizes that people of India
world.
are not given constitution made by to them by any outside
power. • Sources of the constitution

(2) Sovereign= India is internally and externally sovereign – Sources Features

Externally free from the control of any Foreign power and U.S.A. Preamble, Fundamental Rights, president
Internally, It has a free government which is directly Constitution as a Executive Head, and supreme
elected by public. commander of Armed Forced,
(3) Socialist= “Socialism is an economic philosophy where Impeachment of the president, vice
means of Production and distribution are owned by the president as a Ex- officio chairman of Upper
state. India adopted mixed economy. House, Independent Judiciary, Judicial
Review, Removal of supreme court and
(4) Secular= the state will have no religion of its own and all
High court Judges.
persons will be equally entitled to the Freedom of
conscience and the right freely to profess, practice and British Parliamentary system, Rule of law, law
propagate the religion of their choice. constitution making procedure, CAG (comptroller
(5) Democratic= Indicates that the Governmentwhich gets its Auditor General) , Single citizenship,
authority from the will of the people. Cabinet system, Bicameralism,
Parliamentary Privileges.
(6) Republic= the head of state is elected directly or Indirectly
by public for a fixed tenure. The president of India is Australian Freedom to trade, commerce and
elected by public. constitution Intercourse, Concurrent list, Joint sitting of
the two Houses of Parliament.
(7) Justice= Social, Economic and political.
Canadian Federation with a strong center, Division of
(8) Unity and Integrity= this word was added by 42
constitution Power, vesting of Residuary power with the
constitution Amendment in 1976 for the national unity.
center, Appointment of Governor by the
• Date of its adoption= 26 November 1949,But most of the center, Advisory jurisdiction of the S.C.
articles in constitution came into force on January 26th
Ireland Directive principal of state policy.
1950.
constitution
Note: 26 January was selected for this purpose because it
was this day in 1930 when the Declaration of India Russia Fundamental duties
Independence (purna swaraj) was proclaimed by the constitution
national congress.

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• Parliamentary Democracy
Our constitution has adopted parliamentary System of
LEVEL - 1
Democracy. There is a close Relationship between the 1. The constitution is declared to have been adopted and
legislature and the Executive, the council of ministers is enacted by the
selected by the legislature. Any person who is not a (a) Constituent Assembly (b) People of India
Member of Parliament must have to be a member within 6 (c) Indian Parliament (d) British Parliament
months of being sworn in as minister in the Government.
2. Where was the first parliamentary form of Government
The council of ministers is collectively responsible to the
formed?
legislature.
(a) Britain (b) Belgium
In this form of Democracy the president is the head of the
state constitutionally. He has number of power, but in (c) France (d) Switzerland
practice the council of ministers, headed by the Prime 3. the most essential feature of the parliamentary form of
Minister, Rally Exercises these powers. Government is the
The Indian Parliamentary system is based on the British (a) Sovereignty of the parliament
model. (b) Written constitution
Federal Features= both union and state are enjoying (c) Accountability of the executive to the legislature
powers clearly demarcated by the constitution. The (d) Independent judiciary
constitution of India does not use the term ‘Federal state”.
4. Which one of the following is basic feature of the president
It says that India is a union of states. It means that the Government?
Indian Federation is not the result of any Agreement among
(a) Rigid Constitution
the units and the units cannot secede from it. Seventh
schedule provides the division of subjects into three lists (b) Single Executive
namely (c) Supremacy of the Legislature
(i) The Union list (100 items) (ii) The state list. (61 items) (d) Residual powers of the states
(iii) The concurrent list – (52 items) 5. The constitution of India is republic because it [CDS 2012]
(a) Provides for an elected Parliament
• Unitary Features = it has many unitary features also, (b) Provides for adult franchise
single citizenship, power of Parliament to change the (c) Contains a bill of rights
territorial Extent of state without state concerned. Single
(d) Has no hereditary elements
constitution the president can declared Emergency, The
6. The word ‘secular’ was inserted into constitution of India by
residuary powers are with the center, Judges are appointed
by the president (a) 44th Amendment Act (b) 52nd Amendment Act
• Rigid and Flexible constitution (c) 42nd Amendment Act (d) 34th Amendment Act
Article 368 provides two units of Amendments
1. Amendment with special majority (two third majority of 7. The concept of Judicial Review in our constitution has been
members of each House) Present voting a majority of more taken from the constitution of [SSC Grad 2006]
the 50% of total membership of each House and ratification (a) England (b) USA
by 50% of states. (c) Canada (d) Australia
2. Amendment with simple majority = some provision of the 8. The Federal system with strong Centre’ has been borrowed
constitution can amend by simple majority. by the Indian constitution from [SSC 2008]
This Amendment do not come under Article = 368. (a) USA (b) Canada
Three–tierGovernment: Originally the Indian constitution (c) UK (d) France
provided two – tier Government though Article 40 9. The office of Lokpal and Lokayukta in India is based on
mentions organizations of village panchayat. which one of the following? [CDS 2007]
By the Amendment 73rd and 74th Act 1992 three tier (a) Parliamentary Commissioner of UK
Government was given constitution Recognition. (b) Ombudsmen in Scandinavia
Note: Part IX and IX A was added by 73rd and 74rd (c) Procurator General of Russia
Amendment in 1993 and also added Eleventh and Twelfth (d) Council of State in France
Schedules
10. Which of the following was the biggest source for the
constitution of India?
(a) The Government of India Act, 1919
(b) The Government of India Act, 1935
(c) The Indian Independence Act, 1947
(d) None of these above

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11. Which constitution has inspired the Indian concepts of Rule (d) A part of the Constitution and it confers powers and
of law, Parliamentary system and law – making procedure? imposes duties as any other provisions of the Constitution.
(a) US Constitution (b) British Constitution
(c) Canadian Constitution (d) All of the above 19. The term "economic justice" in the Preamble to the
Constitution of Indian, is a resolution for:
12. Which one of the following determines that the Indian (a) Equal distribution of wealth.
constitution is federal? (b) Economy in the administration of justice.
(a) A written and rigid constitution (c) Socio-economic revolution.
(b) An Independent Judiciary (d) Cheap justice to the poor.
(c) Vesting of Residuary Powers within center
(d) Distribution of powers between center and the states. 20. Which of the following terms was not included in a 'Union
of Trinity' by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar in his concluding speech in
the Constituent Assembly?
13. Where was the concept of written constitution, first born?
(a) Liberty
(a) France (b) USA
(b) Flexibility
(c) Britain (d) Switzerland
(c) Equality
(d) Fraternity
14. Which part constitution reflects the mind and ideals of the
framers?
(a) Preamble 21. The words "Socialist" and "Secular" were inserted in the
Preamble by the:
(b) Fundamental Rights
(a) Fifteenth Amendment
(c) Directive Principles
(b) Thirty – ninth Amendment
(d) Emergency Provisions
(c) Forty-second Amendment
(d) Forty – fourth Amendment
15. At the time of enactment of the constitution, which one of
the following ideals was not included in the preamble?
(a) Liberty (b) Equality 22. The sequence in which the given terms are mentioned in
the Preamble to the Constitution of India is:
(c) Socialist (d) Justice
(a) Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic
(b) Socialist, Secular, Sovereign, Democratic, Republic
16. Which Amendment Act introduced changes in the preamble
to the Indian Constitution? (c) Secular, Sovereign, Democratic, Socialist, Republic
[SSC (Grad) 2006] (d) Sovereign, Democratic, Secular, Socialist, Republic
(a) The 38th Amendment Act, 1975
(b) The 40th Amendment Act, 1976 23. The Preamble to the Constitution of India:
(c) The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 (a) Is not a part of the Constitution
(d) The 44th Amendment Act, 1979 (b) Indicates the objectives to be achieved.
(c) Cannot the amended by the Parliament.
17. Which one of the following correctly explains the meaning (d) Is a source of authority of the Constitution of India.
of ‘Socialist’ in the preamble?
(a) Nationalization of all means of productions 24. The idea of preamble has been borrowed in Indian
(b) Abolition of private property constitution from the constitution of [UPPSC 2014]
(c) Socialistic pattern of society (a) Italy (b) Canada
(d) Eradication of exploitation and vested interest (c) France (d) USA
25. The post of CAG was taken from which of the following
country?
18. The Preamble to the Indian Constitution is:
(a) Japan (b) Britain
(a) Not a part of the Constitution.
(c) USA (d) Canada
(b) A part of the Constitution but it neither confers any
powers nor imposes any duties nor can it be of any use in
interpreting other provisions of the Constitution.
(c) A part of the Constitution and can be of use in
interpreting other provisions of the Constitution in cases of
ambiguity.

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9. Which of the following features does the Indian
LEVEL - 2 Constitution borrow from the Weimar constitution of
1. The Presidential Government operates on the principal of Germany?

[SSC (Grad) 2004] (a) The idea of a federation with a strong Centre

(a) Division of powers between center and states (b) The method of presidential elections

(b) Centralization of powers (c) The emergency powers

(c) Balance of powers (d) Provision concerning the suspension of Fundamental

Right during National Emergency
(d) Separation of powers
10. Which article of the Indian constitution did Dr. BR
2. In the SR Bommai Vs Union of India case, which one among
Ambedkar term as the ‘Heart and Soul of the Indian
the following features of the constitution of India was
constitution?
upheld by the Supreme Court as a basic structure?
(a) Article 19 (b) Article 356
[CDS 2013]
(c) Article 32 (d) Article 14
(a) Liberalism (b) Secularism
11. Article 368 of the constitution of India deals with
(c) Dignity of the human person
[NDA 2015]
(d) Freedom of religion
(a) The powers of the parliament of India to amend the
3. The basic features of the Indian constitution which are not
constitution
amendable under Article 368 are. [SSC 2007]
(b) Financial emergency
(a) Sovereignty, territorial integrity, federal system and
Judicial review (c) Reservation of seats for scheduled castes and scheduled
tribes in the Lok Sabha.
(b) Sovereignty, territorial integrity and parliamentary
system of government (d) Official language of the union of India.

(c) Judicial review and the federal system 12. The Indian constitution establishes a secular State. it means

(d) Sovereignty, territorial integrity, federal system, judicial 1. The state treats all religions equally.
review and parliamentary system of government 2. Freedom of faith and worship is allowed to all the
4. The Unitary system of Government possesses which of the people.
following advantages? [SSC 2007] 3. Educational institutions, without exception, are free to
(a) Greater adaptability (b) Strong center impart religious instruction.

(c) Greater Participation by the people 4. The state makes no discrimination on the basis of the
religion in matters of employment
(d) Lesser chances of authoritarianism
Codes
5. According to the Constitution of India, which of the
following are fundamental for the governance of the (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2, 3 and 4
country? [UPSC 2013] (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 4
(a) Fundamental Rights (b) Fundamental Duties 13. The Preamble of our Constitution reads India as [SSC 2008]
(c) Directive Principles of State policy (a) Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic
(d) Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties (b) Sovereign, Democratic, Socialist, secular Republic
6. Which of the following was taken from the constitution of (c) Socialist, Sovereign, Democratic, Secular Republic
USA? (d) Democratic, Sovereign, Secular, socialist Republic
(a) Fundamental rights (b) Judicial review 14. Consider the following words
(c) Removal of Supreme Court and High Court Judges 1. Socialist 2. Democratic
(d) all of them 3. Sovereign 4. Secular
7. Which of the following is taken from the constitution of Choose the response that gives the correct order in which
USA? [UPSC 2013] these words occur in the preamble.
(a) Fundamental Rights (b) Fundamental Duties (a) 3,1,4,2 (b) 3,4,1,2
(c) Directive Principles of State policy (c) 3,4,2,1 (d) 4,1,3,2
(d) Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties 15. The Constitution of India borrowed the scheme of
8. What is Gandhi’s definition of ‘Ram Raj’? [SSC 2010] Federation from the constitution of [UPPCS 2008]
(a) Sovereignty of the people based on pure moral (a) USA (b) Canada
authority (c) United Kingdom (d) Ireland
(b) The rule as it was during the time of Rama 16. The preamble of the India constitution adopted on 26th
(c) The greatest good of all November, 1949 did not include the terms
(d) The absolute power concentrated in the hands of a king 1. Socialist 2. Secular
3. Integrity 4. Republic

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Codes 24. By which case, the Supreme Court specifically opinion that
(a) 1,2 and 3 (b) 2,3 and 4 Preamble is not a part of the Constitution?
(c) 1,2 and 4 (d) 3 and 4 (a) Berubari Union case (1960) (b) Keshwanand Bharati
case (1973) (c) Both A & B
17. Consider the following statements about the preamble of
the constitution (d) None of the above
1. The objective resolution proposed by Pt. Nehru
ultimately became the preamble. 25. Which of the following liberties is sought to be secured to
2. It is not justifiable in nature. the citizens of India in the Preamble?
3. It cannot be amended. (a) Thought, expression, belief, faith and worship
4. It cannot override the specific provision of the (b) Thought, worship
constitution. (c) Expression, love, worship
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? (d) None of these
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1,2 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2, 3 and 4
18. At which of its session, did the congress officially accept the
‘socialistic pattern of society’? [CDS 2008]
(a) Bombay session of 1953
(b) Avadi session of 1955
(c) Calcutta session of 1957
(d) Nagpur session of 1959
19. Which among the following is not a basic feature of the
Constitution of India ? [NDA 2015]
(a) Fundamental Rights
(b) Independence of Judiciary
(c) Federalism
(d) The unquestioned Right of Parliament to Amend any
part of constitution.
20. Which of the following countries enjoys a federal from of
government?
[SSC 2008]
(a) China (b) USA
(c) Cuba (d) Belgium
21. Which of the following futures their source is wrongly
matched?
(a) Judicial Review UK constitution
(b) Concurrent List Australia constitution
(c) Directive principles Irish constitution
(d) Fundamental Right USA constitution
22. Which of the following words in the preamble of the
constitution of India which was not inserted through the
constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976 ?
[SSC 2004]
(a) Socialist (b) Secular
(c) Dignity (d) Integrity

23. Which one of the following statements regarding the

preamble is correct?
(a) It is not enforceable in a court of law
(b) The Supreme Court has recently ruled that is not a part
of constitution
(c) It has been amended twice
(d) All the above are correct
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single citizenship, cabinet system, prerogative writs &
Solutions Bicameralism.

Level - 1
12. (d) Federal system: Distribution of power between center
1. (b) Constitution derives its authority from the people of & States. USA is a true federation while India is a federation
India, as per preamble. with unitary bias.

2. (a) First parliamentary form of Govt. Formed In Britain. 13. (b) The concept of written constitution was born in USA.
France - Republic with semi presidential system. Britain have unwritten constitution.
Belgium - Monarchial democracy.
Switzerland – Direct democracy with confederation. 14. (a) Preamble is the Identity card of constitution which
reflects the vision & mind of Constituent Assembly.

3. (a) Parliamentary form of Govt. is Also known as

Westminster model of Govt. & cabinet Govt. India has an 15. (c) Socialist, secular & Integrity words were added by 42nd
elected head (Republic) while the British state has Constitutional amendment Act – 1976.
hereditary head (monarch)
16. (c) Socialist, secular & Integrity words were added by 42nd
4. (b) Parliamentary system Presidential system Constitutional amendment Act – 1976.
• Dual Executive single executive
• Majority party Rule President & legislative 17. (c) Socialist means “socialistic patter of society” taken from
• Double membership Single membership Avadi session of congress in 1955.

• Fusion of powers Separation of powers.

18. (c) The preamble to the constitution of India is a brief
introductory statement that sets out the guiding purpose,
5. (d) Indian Constitution is Republic while British is
principles and philosophy of the constitution.
Monarchial Because Indian constitution has no hereditary
head but elected head.
19. “Economic Justice” in the preamble of constitution of India
Is an objective of India States.
6. (c) By 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act,1976, Secular,
socialist & Integrity these 3 words were added to preamble
of constitution. 20. (b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar gave the speech in Constituent
Assembly known as union of Trinity they include liberty,
Equality and Fraternity.
7. (b) Features Borrowed from constitution of USA are:
fundamental rights, Independence of Judiciary, judicial
review, Impeachment of president, removal of SC & HC 21. (c) By the 42th Constitution Amendment Act 1776 three
Judges & post of vice – president. words socialist, secular and sovereign were inserted in the
preamble.

8. Features borrowed from Canadian constitution are: vesting

of residuary powers in the center, appointment of state 22. (a) Preamble: we the people of India, having solemnly
governors by the center, advisory jurisdiction of Supreme resolved to constitution India into a sovereign, SOCIALIST.
Court. SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC and secure to all its
citizens:

9. (b) Lokpal&Lokaykta Post is taken from ombudsman In

Scandinavia. 23. (b) The Preamble of constitution is based on the objective
Scandinavia countries are: Denmark, Norway & Sweden. motions, drafted and move by Pundit Jawaharlal Nehru on
13th December 1946 and Passed by the constitution
Assembly.
10. (b) Indian constitution is known as a carbon copy of the
1935 Act. Because it is the biggest source of constitution of
India. 24. (d) Preamble has been taken from USA.
25. (b) The post of the CAG was taken from the British
constitution.
11. (b) Features Borrowed from British constitution are
parliamentary govt., Rule of law, legislative procedure,

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10. (d) Article - 14: Equality before law & Equal projection of
LEVEL - 2 law.
1. (d) The presidential Govt. operates on the principle of Article - 19: Protection of certain Rights Regarding
separation of powers where the parliamentary system is freedom of speech etc.
based on principle of co– operation & Co – ordination Article - 32: Right to constitutional remedies.
between legislature & executive.
Article - 356 : Provisions In case of failure of constitutional
machinery in states (president’s Rule)
2. (a) S.R. Bommai Vs union of India case. Liberalism was
featured as basic structure Related to Article 356.
11. (a) Article 368: Power of Parliament to Amend the
Secularism was added In Preamble by 42nd Constitute
constitution & Procedure therefore.
Amendment Act – 1976.
Article 360: financial emergency.
Article 330: Reservation of seats for SCs&STs.
3. (d) Article 368: power of parliament to amend the
constitution and procedure therefore. Sovereignty, Article 343: Official language of the union.
territorial integrity, federal system judicial review and
Parliamentary form of Govt. etc. Can’t be amended. 12. (d) All religions in our Country have the same status &
Support from the state.
4. (b) Unitary system of Govt. possesses advantages of strong
center But India established Parliamentary system of Govt. 13. (a) Important words In Constitution of India are as per
order SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR, DEMOCRTIC,
5. (c) Directive principles of state policy are non justifiable& REPUBLIC, JUSTICE LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY,
fundamental for the Governance of the country. &INTEGNITY

Fundamental Rights – These are justifiable under part III of

Indian constitution guaranteed six fundamental rights. 14. (a) Important words In Constitution of India are as per
• Fundamental duties: Added by 42nd constitution order SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR, DEMOCRTIC,
Amendment Act of 1976 Recommended by swarnsingh REPUBLIC, JUSTICE LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY,
committee &INTEGNITY

6. (d) The features are taken from the constitution of USA are 15. (a) Scheme of federation - USA.
preamble’s first line, President as executive head, Ireland – DPSP, nomination of members to Rajya Sabha.
Fundamental rights, Judicial review, and supreme court
and high court judges.
16. (a) Socialist, secular & Integrity were added by 42nd
constitutional Amendment Act – 1976.
7. (c) Features were taken from the constitution of USA:
first line of preamble, president as the executive head, 17. (b) Indian Preamble is based on objective Resolutions
fundamental rights, judges of supreme court an high court, drafted & moved by P.J. Nehru. it is not Justifiable but can
judicial review. Fundamental duties wee inserted by the be amended.
42nd constitutional amendment of 1976 after
recommendations of swarnsingh committee.
18. (b) Congress officially accepted socialistic pattern of
society In Avadh session of 1935s Presided by U. N. dhaber .
8. (a) DPSP are classified as socialistic, Gandhian and liberal –
Intellectual as per Gandhi sovereignty is vested in people of
India so power should be decentralized. 19. (b) Fundamental Rights, federalism, the unquestioned
Right of Parliament to Amend any part of constitution,
9. (d)
DPSP, secularism etc. are basic feature of constitution.
Sources Features borrowed
Weimar constitution Suspension of 20. (b) USA – federal Govt.
of Germany fundamental Rights
Cuba – Republic with presidential system
using emergency.
China – Republic with unitary state.
Canadian constitution Federation with strong
center. Belgium - Monarchial democracy system
Irish constitution method of election of
president 21. (a) Judicial Review: USA constitution
Govt. of India Act - Emergency power. Concurrent list: Australian constitution
1935 Directive principles: Irish constitution
Fundamental Rights: USA constitution

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22. (c) Article 368 in Part XX of the constitution deals with the
powers of parliament to amend the constitution and its
procedure by 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 Socialist, secular
and Integrity these 3 words inserted In preamble.

23. (a) The preamble is the integral part of the constitution.

This interpretation was given by the
keshwanandbharticase 1973. And it is not enforceable in
the court of law till now it was amended once by the 42nd
constitutional amendment act of 1946.

24. (a) The Supreme Court in the Berubari Union case (1960)
held that the Preamble is not a part of the Constitution.
However, it recognised that the Preamble could be used as
a guiding principle. Kesavanand Bharti case (1973) , the
Supreme Court over ruled its earlier decision and held that
the Preamble is a part of the Constitution and can be
amended under Article 368 of the Constitution

25. (a) WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved

to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of
thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of
status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the
unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT
ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do
HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS
CONSTITUTION.

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