1. What is a Programming Language?

A programming language is a computer language that is used by programmers (developers) to

3. What is a compiler?

A compiler is a special program that translates a programming language's source code into machine
code, bytecode or another programming language. The source code is typically written in a high-level,
human-readable language such as Java or C++. A programmer writes the source code in a code editor or
an integrated development environment (IDE) that includes an editor, saving the source code to one or
more text files. A compiler that supports the source programming language reads the files, analyzes the
code, and translates it into a format suitable for the target platform.

4. What Does Assembler Mean?

An assembler is a type of computer program that interprets software programs written in assembly
language into machine language, code and instructions that can be executed by a computer.An
assembler enables software and application developers to access, operate and manage a computer's
hardware architecture and components.An assembler is sometimes referred to as the compiler of
assembly language. It also provides the services of an interpreter.

5. What Does Interpreter Mean?

An interpreter is a computer program that is used to directly execute program instructions written using
one of the many high-level programming languages. The interpreter transforms the high-level program
into an intermediate language that it then executes, or it could parse the high-level source code and
then performs the commands directly, which is done line by line or statement by statement.

6. What is a Low-Level Language?

A low-level language, often known as a computer's native language, is a sort of programming language. It
is very close to writing actual machine instructions, and it deals with a computer's hardware components
and constraints. It works to control a computer's operational semantics and provides little or no
abstraction of programming ideas. In contrast to high-level language that used for developing software,
low-level code is not human-readable, and it is often cryptic. Assembly language and machine language
are two examples of low-level programming languages.

7. What Does High-Level Language (HLL) Mean?

A high-level language is any programming language that enables development of a program in a much
more user-friendly programming context and is generally independent of the computer's hardware
architecture.

A high-level language has a higher level of abstraction from the computer, and focuses more on the
programming logic rather than the underlying hardware components such as memory addressing and
register utilization.

8. What DoesMiddle-Level Language (MLL) Mean?

A: The middle-level language lies in between the low level and high-level language. C language is the
middle-level language. By using the C language, the user is capable of doing the system programming for
writing operating system as well as application programming.

The middle-level programming language interacts with the abstraction layer of a computer system. It
serves as the bridge between the raw hardware and programming layer of the computer system. The
middle-level language is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language.

Middle level language

The C language is the middle-level language because it has only 32 keywords: it takes less translation
time like low-level language. We can do many works of low-level language through C language. There is a
different type of data types used in the C language. The four common data types which are: char, int,
float, double, etc. Each data type plays a unique role in the C language.

We can access hardware devices easily with the help of the C language. The C language also binds the
gap between machine level language and high-level language. In 1972, the C language was used to
create the UNIX operating system.

The C language is the middle-level language due to its features which are given below:

1) Fast and Efficient

The program execution of C is high-speed and efficient due to its variety of data type and powerful
operators. The C language directly converts the code into machine language and run it. The C language is
more optimized, and the performance of C is better than other higher languages.

2) Rich library functions

There are inbuilt library functions in C language which are grouped and placed in a common place,
known as the library. Every library function in C language can perform the specific operations.

These library functions are created by those persons who designed and invented the compiler of C
language. All the C Standard library functions are declared in many header files which are saved as
file_name.h. We can also use these library functions to get the pre-defined output.

3) Portable

The portability of C source code means that we can move our C language source code at any machine
without modifying the single line of code. The C language is not tied to any hardware or system. It is
hardware-independent language or platform-independent.

4) Modularity

Modular programming is the process of subdividing the computer program into separate subprograms.
The module is the separate software component. It can be used in a variety of applications and functions
with other elements of the system.

5) Easy to extend

The C programming language can extend itself. We can easily extend the code of the C language. The
keywords are those words whose meaning is already defined by the compiler in C language.

The C keywords are also known as reserve words. There are some keywords which are very useful in C
language such as const, static, void, typedef, etc. The constant variable must be initialized at the time of
declaration. Const keyword of C language is also used with the pointers.

6) Variety of data type and dominant operators

Every variable in C language has associated data type. It needs a different amount of memory. The data
types have some specific operations which can perform over it. All the data types have different ranges
up to which they can store numbers. The operators in C language allow us to perform a different kind of
operations on operands. There are mainly three types of operators exist in C language:

Unary Operator.

Binary Operator.

Ternary Operator.

The operators are the foundation for any programming language; C language has a wide range of
operators to perform different operations. The Unary arithmetic operators are of two types: Increment
operators and decrements operators. The Binary operators can be divided into five categories, which are
given below:

Arithmetic Operator

Relational Operator

Logical Operator

Bit-wise Operator

Assignment Operator

The ternary operator is also known as the conditional operator. The arithmetic operators are addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, etc.
7) Recursion

The C language supports the recursion feature. The recursion process is the repeating process to call
itself again and again in a similar way. The programmers need to be careful when they are using
recursion to define an exit condition from the function. Otherwise, the loop will go into a finite situation.

8) Structured

The C language is also known as structured programming language because we can solve the massive
problems by using this language. The C language divides the problem into small modules called functions
or procedures. Those programs which explain the whole problem is the collection of such functions.

9) Simple

The C language is mainly developed for system programming to write the operating system. It is also
used for the compiler development. The C language has a simple set of keywords and low-level access to
memory.

10) Extensible

The C language can extend the compiler and run time environment. We can split the program into such
named blocks, which are known as functions. The program in C is written in three structure: decisions,
sequences, and loops.

11) Mid-level

The C language is also known as the middle-level language because we can do system programming as
well as application programming in this language. We can develop the operating system with the help of
the C language.

12) Pointers

The pointers play a crucial role in C language. These are used to store and manage the addresses of
dynamically allocated blocks in memory of the computer system. There is the null pointer in C, and its
value is zero. The size of any pointer is 2 byte for the 16-bit compiler. The C pointer is always initialized to
null; if a pointer in C is assigned to null, it means that pointer is pointing to nothing.