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COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

Sector: TOURISM

Qualification: COMMON COMPETENCIES

Unit of Competency: : PERFORM COMPUTER OPERATIONS

Module Title: PERFORMING COMPUTER OPERATIONS

Technical Education and Skills Development

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HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Welcome to the Module “Performing Computer Operations”. This module contains training
materials and activities for you to complete.

The unit of competency “Perform Computer Operations” contains the knowledge, skills and
attitudes required for Computer Hardware Servicing required to obtain the National Certificate
(NC) level II.

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete each of the
learning outcomes of the module. In each learning outcome there are Information Sheets, Job
Sheets, Operation Sheets and Activity Sheets. Do these activities on your own and answer the
SelfCheck at the end of each learning activity.

If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask your Trainer for assistance.

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You have already some basic knowledge and skills covered in this module because you have
been working for some time; and already completed training in this area.

If you can demonstrate competence to your Trainer in a particular skill, talk to your Trainer
so you don’t have to undergo the same training again. If you have a qualification or Certificate of
Competency from previous trainings show it to him/her. If the skills you acquired are consistent
with and relevant to this module, they become part of the evidence. You can present these for
RPL. If you are not sure about your competence skills, discuss this with your Trainer.

After completing this module, ask your Trainer to assess your competence. Result of your
assessment will be recorded in your competency profile. All the learning activities are designed
for you to complete at your own pace.

In this module, you will find the activities for you to complete and relevant information
sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may have more than one learning
activity.

This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency, in receiving and
relaying information. This will be the source of information that will enable you to acquire the
knowledge and skills in Terminating and Connecting an Electronic Circuit independently at your
own pace with minimum supervision from your Trainer.
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SUMMARY OF COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Develop and update industry Develop and update industry

1. knowledge knowledge TRS 311201

Observe workplace Observing workplace

2. hygiene procedures hygiene procedures TRS311202

Perform computer operations Performing computer

3. operations TRS311203

Perform workplace and safety Performing workplace

4. practices and safety practices TRS311204

Provide effective customer service Performing effective customer

5. service TRS311205
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MODULE CONTENT
QUALIFICATION COMMON COMPETENCY
UNIT OF
Perform Computer Operations
COMPETENCY
MODULE TITLE Performing Computer Operations
INTRODUCTION:
This module covers the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values needed to
perform computer operations which include inputting, accessing,
producing, and transferring data using the appropriate hardware and
software.
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
LO1. Plan and prepare for tasks to be taken/undertaken

LO2. Input data into computer

LO3. Access information using computer

LO4. Produce output/data using computer systems

LO5. Maintain computer equipment and systems

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Requirements of tasks determined in accordance with the required output
2. Appropriate hardware and software selected according to task assigned
and required outcome
3. Task planned to ensure that OH and S guidelines and procedures followed
4. Data entered into the computer using appropriate program/application
in accordance with company procedure
5. Accuracy of information checked and information saved in accordance
with standard operating procedures
6. Inputted data stored in storage media according to requirements
7. Work performed within ergonomic guidelines
8. Correct program/application selected based on job requirements
9. Program/application containing the information required accessed according
to company procedures
10. Desktop icons correctly selected, opened and closed for navigation purposes
11. Keyboard techniques carried out in line with OHS requirements for safe use
of keyboards
12. Entered data processed using appropriate software commands
13. Data printed as required using computer hardware/peripheral devices
in accordance with standard operating procedures
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14. Systems for cleaning, minor maintenance and replacement of consumables

are implemented
15. Procedures for ensuring security of data, including regular backups and
virus checks are implemented in accordance with standard operating
procedures
16. Basic file maintenance are implemented in line with the standard
operating procedures
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LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

LEARNING OUTCOME
Plan and prepare for tasks to be undertaken
#1
CONTENTS:
• OH and S principles and responsibilities
• Main types of computers and basic features of different operating systems
• Main parts of a computer
• Storage devices and basic categories of memory
• Relevant types of software
• General security, privacy legislation and copyright
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Requirements of tasks determined in accordance with the required output
2. Appropriate hardware and software selected according to task assigned and
required outcome
3. Task planned to ensure that OH and S guidelines and procedures followed

CONDITION:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
• Equipment:
- 1 unit of computer - voltage regulator/UPS Learning Materials:
- Learning manuals
- Work instruction
- Hand-outs
• Supplies/materials:
- Operating system
- Application program

EVALUATION METHOD:
• Hands-on
• Direct observation
• Practical demonstration
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LEARNING EXPERIENCE
Learning Outcome 1: Plan and prepare for tasks to be undertaken

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read Information If you have some problem on the content of the information sheets
Sheet 3.1-1 don’t hesitate to approach your facilitator.
Different Types of If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on the content of the
Computers information sheets, you can now answer Self Check provide in the
module.
2. Answer the self
check 3.1-1
Compare your answer to the answer key 3.1-1. If you got 100%
correct answer in this self-check, you can now proceed to the next
Information Sheet. If not review the information sheet and go over
the self-check again.

3. Read Information If you have some problem on the content of the information sheets
Sheet 3.1-2 don’t hesitate to approach your facilitator.
Computer If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on the content of the
Hardware information sheets, you can now answer Self Check provide in the
module.

4. Answer the self Compare your answer to the answer key 3.1-2. If you got 100%
check 3.1-2
correct answer in this self-check, you can now proceed to the next
Information Sheet. If not review the information sheet and go over
the self-check again.
5. Read Information If you have some problem on the content of the information sheets
Sheet 3.1-3

Computer Storage don’t hesitate to approach your facilitator.

Devices If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on the content of the
information sheets, you can now answer Self Check provide in
the module.

6. Answer the self

check 3.1-3
Compare your answer to the answer key 3.1-3. If you got 100%
correct answer in this self-check, you can now proceed to the next
Learning Outcome. If not review the information sheet and go over
the self-check again.
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INFORMATION SHEET 3.1-1

Different Types of Computers

Learning Objectives:
After reading this information sheet, YOU MUST be able to identify the different types of
computers.

Computers have revolutionized all types of industries. They have proved a boon to mankind.
What are the different types of computers? To know them all, read on…

A computer is one of the most brilliant inventions of mankind. Thanks to the computer
technology, we were able to achieve an efficient storage and processing of data; we could rest
our brains by employing computer memory capacities for storage of the information. Owing to
computers, we have been able speed up daily work, carry out critical transactions and achieve
accuracy and precision in work output. The computers of the earlier years were of the size of a
large room and were required to consume huge amounts of electric power. However, with the
advancing technology, computers have shrunk to the size of a small watch. Depending on the
processing powers and sizes of computers, they have been classified under various types. Let us
look at the classification of computers.

Different types of Computers

Based on the operational principle of computers, they are categorized as analog computers and
hybrid computers.

Analog Computers: These are almost extinct today. These are different from a digital computer
because an analog computer can perform several mathematical operations simultaneously. It
uses continuous variables for mathematical operations and utilizes mechanical or electrical
energy.
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Hybrid Computers: These computers are a combination of both digital and analog computers. In
this type of computers, the digital segments perform process control by conversion of analog
signals to digital ones.

Following are some of the other important types of computers.

Mainframe Computers: Large organizations use mainframes for highly critical applications such
as bulk data processing and ERP. Most of the mainframe computers have the capacities to host
multiple operating systems and operate as a number of virtual machines and can thus substitute
for several small servers.

Microcomputers: A computer with a microprocessor and its central processing unit is known as a
microcomputer. They do not occupy space as much as mainframes. When supplemented with a
keyboard and a mouse, microcomputers can be called as personal computers. A monitor, a
keyboard and other similar input output devices, computer memory in the form of RAM and a
power supply unit come packaged in a microcomputer. These computers can fit on desks or
tables and serve as the best choices for singleuser tasks.

Personal computers come in a variety of forms such as desktops, laptops and personal digital
assistants. Let us look at each of these types of computers.
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Desktops: A desktop is intended to be used on a single location. The spare parts of a desktop
computer are readily available at relative lower costs. Power consumption is not as critical as
that in laptops. Desktops are widely popular for daily use in workplaces and households.

Laptops: Similar in operation to desktops, laptop computers are miniaturized and optimized for
mobile use. Laptops run on a single battery or an external adapter that charges the computer
batteries. They are enabled with an inbuilt keyboard, touch pad acting as a mouse and a liquid
crystal display. Its portability and capacity to operate on battery power have served as a boon
for mobile users.

Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs): It is a handheld computer and popularly known as a

palmtop. It has a touch screen and a memory card for storage of data. PDAs can also be
effectively used as portable audio players, web browsers and smart phones. Most of them can
access the Internet by means of Bluetooth or Wi-Fi communication.

Minicomputers: In terms of size and processing capacity, minicomputers lie in between

mainframes and microcomputers. Minicomputers are also called mid-range systems or
workstations. The term began to be popularly used in the 1960s to refer to relatively smaller
third generation computers. They took up the space that would be needed for a refrigerator or
two and used transistor and core memory technologies. The 12-bit PDP-8 minicomputer of the
Digital Equipment Corporation was the first successful minicomputer.
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Supercomputers: The highly calculation-intensive tasks can be effectively performed by means

of supercomputers. Quantum physics, mechanics, weather forecasting, molecular theory are
best studied by means of supercomputers. Their ability of parallel processing and their well-
designed memory hierarchy give the supercomputers, large transaction processing powers.

Wearable Computers: A record-setting step in the evolution of computers was the creation of
wearable computers. These computers can be worn on the body and are often used in the
study of behavior modeling and human health. Military and health professionals have
incorporated wearable computers into their daily routine, as a part of such studies. When the
users’ hands and sensory organs are engaged in other activities, wearable computers are of
great help in
tracking human actions. Wearable computers are consistently in operation as they do not
have to be turned on and off and are constantly interacting with the user.

These were some of the different types of computers available today. Looking at the rate of the
advancement in technology, we can definitely look forward to many more types of computers in
the near future.
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Self Check 3.1-1

Identification:

1. What type of computer uses continuous variables for mathematical operations and
is now almost extinct?

2. What type of computer is a combination of both digital and analog systems?

3. What type of computers are used by large organizations for critical applications like
bulk data processing and ERP?

4. What is the type of computer that includes a microprocessor as its CPU and is
commonly known as a personal computer?

5. What type of personal computer is designed for stationary use and has readily
available spare parts at low cost?

6. What portable computer operates on batteries and has an inbuilt keyboard,

touchpad, and LCD screen?

7. What handheld computer, also called a palmtop, can function as a web browser and
smartphone?

8. What type of computer lies in between mainframes and microcomputers in terms of

size and processing power?

9. What powerful computers are used for tasks like quantum physics and weather
forecasting due to their high calculation capabilities?

10. What type of computers can be worn on the body and are used in fields like
health and military for behavior modeling?
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Answer Key:

1. Analog Computers
2. Hybrid Computers
3. Mainframe Computers
4. Microcomputers
5. Desktops
6. Laptops
7. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
8. Minicomputers
9. Supercomputers
10. Wearable Computers
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Information sheet 3.1-

2 Computer Hardware
Learning Objectives:
After reading this information sheet, YOU MUST be able to identify the computer
hardware.

Now that you know a little bit about the history of computers and how they are useful in
various work situations throughout the world, this lesson will tell you what makes up today’s
personal computer (PC). You learn about basic computer hardware and the importance of
keeping your computer and its data safe. Next, you learn all about operating systems—the
software that makes it possible for you to use your computer—with a focus on Microsoft
Windows XP. Finally, you learn about applications software and how a computer network
operates.

Computer Parts and Storage Devices

Most computers on the market today have the following components: a processor,
RAM, a monitor, a hard disk drive, a keyboard, a mouse, a CD-ROM drive, a sound card, and a
modem. In addition, you might want or need components that aren’t part of your computer’s
package, such as a DVD drive, Zip drive, printer, and scanner. The rest of this lesson explains
what these components, usually called peripherals, are and how they are used.

A Mouse
Most computers come with a mouse. A mouse is just a pointing device for selecting items on the
screen. Some designs are different, including the mouse with a small wheel with which you can
do some added tricks. An alternative to the mouse is a track ball, a stationary cradle containing
a ball that you roll with your fingertips. Laptop computers offer another alternative, the
touchpad—a pressure-sensitive surface built into the keyboard console. It lets you move your
cursor by tracing your finger on the touchpad itself.

This mouse is designed to fit the shape of a human hand and contains a wheel for extra
functionality.

Keyboards
The computer keyboard is one of the basic ways of entering information into the computer, so
most computers have one except certain types of handheld devices. If you’ve used a typewriter,
you can use a computer keyboard. Keyboards come in a variety of styles. The Microsoft
keyboard shown below has an ergonomic design that reduces the muscle and tendon strain in
the wrists, arms, and elbows.
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The optimized keyboard helps reduce the stress on wrists, arms, and elbows.

Monitors
Monitors are a requirement, so they are often included as standard equipment, but not always.
Today, monitors are available in all price ranges. Most people think the bigger the monitor, the
better, as long as it fits within their allotted budget range. Granted, bigger is more expensive,
but today a 17-inch monitor doesn’t cost much more than a 15-inch monitor and the difference
is more than worth it. The more screen space you have, the easier it is to work with your
applications on the computer. Remember, however, that the bigger the display, the larger the
tube. A larger tube takes up more room on your desk. (Many manufacturers do offer short-tube
monitors that don’t eat up a lot of desktop real estate.)

It’s not fancy, but this typical computer monitor is all you need.
A good choice when your desk space is at a premium is the flat-panel display, or LCD monitor.
An LCD is a tubeless monitor that uses a liquid crystal technology. These monitors require much
less desk space, and the absence of a picture tube means lower power consumption and less
heat thrown off in your room. The cost is higher than that of a traditional monitor, but the
prices are coming down.

Floppy Disk Drive

This comes as standard with most computers. For many years, the floppy disk was the way to
give someone a document from your machine. You copied the information to the floppy and
passed the floppy on. Then came the Internet and networking, which are new and convenient
ways to exchange information. Floppy drives are a common way of backing up files.

CD Drive
Almost all computers have CD drives as standard equipment. Most software today is shipped on
CDs, as are all the essential learning programs, games, and reference tools such as Microsoft
Encarta, an encyclopedia. A CD drive also allows you to use CDs (short for compact disc) with
your computer. CD drives are rated by the speed at which they can access information on the
CD, indicated with a number like 12x, 20x, 32x, or 40x, which is read as “40 speed.”
CD drives come in two types: read-only and recordable. With the read only model, you can’t save
or store any of your own information on a normal CD. Such a CD drive is the computer
equivalent of a stereo record that can also hold text and graphics. Recordable CD drives allow
you to copy information to them as you would to floppy disks.

Sound Cards
A sound card is like your stereo amplifier at home, although it does considerably more than that!
Unless you open your computer, you won’t see your computer’s sound card, and if you don’t
have one, you won’t be able to hear any of the sounds a computer is capable of generating.
Most computers come equipped with sound cards.
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A description of a sound card can be confusing because it has so many incomprehensible-

sounding features: MIDI libraries, MIDI interface, sampling capabilities, and audio playback rates.
Despite the confusing jargon, you want a sound card that supports the latest standards and
features if possible. When a PC is described as a multimedia PC, it will include a sound card. If
you’re not buying a new computer or are simply upgrading your existing sound card, look for the
most common features across the different brands.

Speakers
With a sound card, a CD drive, and speakers, you can play regular audio CDs on your computer
and enjoy many of the other audio features of the applications on your computer. But as with
your stereo, you can’t hear anything unless you have speakers! Most likely, your computer will
come with speakers. Speakers come in all price ranges, but even the less expensive ones work
well. The speakers plug into the back of your computer, and look similar to the ones shown
below.

With these speakers, you can hear music and other special audio, as well as the everyday
reminders and warning sounds your computer makes.

Hard Disk Drives—Closet Space for Your Computer Creations

Today, a computer without a hard disk drive is practically unknown. The hard disk drive is
a physical part of your computer where you save all your work for access at another time. For
new users, the multi-gigabyte drives of today are more than adequate, but some users run out of
disk space and need to expand their digital closet space with higher-capacity hard drives. Graphic
artists and photographers, for example, can easily use 40 megabytes of disk space just for one
image, and some programs require several hundred megabytes of free space to run. If you are
going to be working with photos extensively, you might need a larger hard drive, or you might
want to check out Zip drives, which are described in a later section.

RAM: Short-Term Memory You Can Buy

All computers come with internal memory, called RAM (pronounced like the animal),
which is short for random access memory. RAM is sometimes confused with hard disk storage,
which is completely different. Your computer needs RAM to run programs. You don’t need to
know the ins and outs right now, but if you are picking out a new PC, look for one that provides
at least 128 megabytes of RAM to work effectively on the Internet. If your computer has less, it
won’t operate as quickly, but as long as it has enough memory to run current software, your
computer will still operate correctly. The minimum for current software is usually 64 megabytes.

Zip Drives
A Zip drive is the newer version of a floppy disk drive. Zip drives, sometimes built into
new computers, use a Zip disk that is about twice as thick as a floppy disk and holds 100
megabytes of information (250 megabytes for the newest model)—about 80 times more than a
standard floppy disk. A Zip drive is something to consider if you will be working with many
photographs that take
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up a lot of disk space for each image. These drives also provide a convenient way to make
backup copies of all the important files you want to keep.
Modems
Modems are now as ubiquitous as computers, and more often than not, they come built
into computers. You must have a modem to connect to the Internet, so make sure that your
computer has one. If you use telephone lines for Internet access, the typical speed for a home
modem is 56 K. If your computer doesn’t have one already installed internally, you can obtain an
external modem, which sits near your computer rather than inside it. External modems are
widely available and require minimum installation.
If you use cable or a dedicated line for Internet access, you will need a specialized modem. These
are much faster than the modems designed to work with the telephone lines, but they are more
expensive.

Printers
Hundreds of different printers are on the market, in a wide range of prices. Printer
technology has advanced dramatically in the last 10 years, so even a less expensive printer can
produce impressive results. Some new computer packages include a printer. Printers are easy to
buy and easy to install if the computer you obtain doesn’t have one.
Printers are distinguished by printing features, output quality, and speed— that is, how many
pages they can print in a minute. The most popular printers for home use are ink jet printers. Ink
jets print pages by spraying a fine ink mist onto the page and are the type of printers most often
used for color printing. Laser printers, although more expensive, are faster and of higher quality,
and most models allow only black-and-white printing. Color laser printers can be quite
expensive. You can also find multipurpose machines that print, fax, copy, and scan. If you have a
need for all these features, check with a local computer store or current magazines to learn
more about features and trade-offs.

Laser Printers
Laser printers, long the standard for professional and corporate users, are fast and
efficient, and typically are much faster than ink jet printers. Some laser printers can print 32 ppm
(pages per minute), which is blazingly fast. They also offer multiple trays for different paper sizes
and a host of other features. If you have a small business that requires a good deal of printing or
invoicing, or if you expect to use your printer for a community publishing system for a club or
group, this type of printer will give you very fast results. However, unless you buy an expensive
color laser, you are signing up for black-and-white printing only.
Ink Jet Printers
Ink jet printers are the home standard. They provide color capabilities as well as crisp
black and white, but their speed doesn’t match that of laser printers. The cheaper models can
take more than a minute to print a full page of text. But for most people, the benefits outweigh
the inconvenience.

Joysticks for the Future Racecar Driver or Pilot

Computers have become phenomenal game stations, and certain hardware additions can
make your playtime wildly enjoyable. You can find several different types of game controllers,
including joysticks. As with all computer peripherals, prices vary widely, but a standard joystick is
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relatively inexpensive. Simple joysticks consist of a single post fixed at the base like a stick shift
that can move in all directions. You have probably seen one on a motorized wheelchair to allow
the driver to steer with minimal movement. If you are planning to “learn to fly” with Microsoft
Flight Simulator, a joystick is required.

This joystick gives you control when you play video games.
Besides joysticks, you can even find steering wheels with dashboard consoles if you want to try
your hand at a racecar game. The newest controllers include vibration; when something
happens on-screen, the controller vibrates and you feel the jolts and motions of the game you
are playing.

Now Playing: A Movie on Your DVD Drive

Never mind the technical details: a DVD drive lets you watch full-length movies on your
computer, and you don’t even have to rewind! If you are interested and if your computer is set
up in a room to allow easy viewing, you can rent videos, not on videotape, but on the newest
form of CD drives, the DVD. The DVD is the most recent generation of CD drives; a DVD disk can
hold about six times as much information as a regular CD.

CD and DVD Burner

If you want to write your own CDs but your CD drive doesn't have writing capabilities, you
might consider buying a specialized drive for this purpose. This kind of drive is called a CD burner.
CD burners are quite inexpensive and easy to install. The more expensive DVD burners use the
newer DVD format, which allows you to store more information on your disks.

Scanners for Transferring Photos onto Your Computer

A scanner is used to copy an image or page for storage and display on the computer.
Scanners typically look like little copying machines, with a glass plate (the plate you put the copy
on) and a heavy rubberized mat that lies on top of that.

DVD drives still accept standard CD-ROM disks and audio CDs, so
you don’t need a CD drive if you get a DVD drive.

Use a scanner such as this one to move print pictures onto your computer. Scanners are great if
you have many pictures that you want to preserve or share with others. Scanners are also great
if you have a lot of typed text that you want to store on the computer. Scanners now come with
OCR (optical character recognition) software that actually reads the text on the page and turns it
into a text file. This doesn’t work very well with handwritten text, however, so if your intention is
to use a scanner to translate your brother’s badly written letters into something legible, don’t
count on it.
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Special Needs
What happens when someone can’t use a standard keyboard or mouse? Or what if
someone can’t read the screen well or hear the computer’s audio cues? Smaller companies have
created a whole class of hardware for special needs. If you’re visually or hearing impaired, or
suffer from arthritis or partial paralysis, some useful and well-conceived alternatives are
available for you. Some special needs options are built into Windows, and there is a universe of
hardware and software options available as well.
The range of options is almost as diverse as the range of special needs. To find the best software
and hardware solution, ask your specialist or local gerontologist for more information. When you
get on the Web, you’ll find a huge number of resources to choose from as well.

Note
Windows XP comes with Accessibility Options, which address many special computing needs.
Visit http://www.microsoft.com/enable/products/ for details on how to access these features
and for more information on other accessibility products.
Other Attachments
Besides all the things commonly attached to a computer, an impressive array of other
attachments exists. Here are some of the things that might catch your eye. If it’s an electrical
appliance, there’s a good chance that one model or another can connect to your computer. Here
is a partial list:
■ Some types of musical keyboards referred to as MIDI keyboards or MIDI compatible
keyboards can be connected to your computer so that you can record a performance, edit
it, and play it back.
■ Robotics toys allow you to build a robot, program it on your PC, and then let it roam around
your home executing your instructions.
■ Digital video cameras can be attached to your computer, and you can transfer images to or
from your computer.
■ Digital cameras, which are cameras that take instant, filmless pictures, allow you to snap away
and then transfer the pictures directly to your PC.
■ Sewing machines connect to a personal computer and do extraordinary multicolored
stitch work based on the orders you give it.
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SELF CHECK 3.1-2

Matching Type: Match column A to column B.

A B
Mouse

Keyboards

Monitors

Speakers

Scanners
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ANSWER KEY:

A B
Mouse

Keyboards

Monitors

Speakers

Scanners
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INFORMATION SHEET 3.1-3 Computer Storage

Devices
Learning Objectives:
After reading this information sheet, YOU MUST be able to identify the different type’s
computer storage devices.

Knowing what kinds of storage devices are available can keep you from using up too
much space on your computer’s hard drive. They can also help keep your computer’s hard drive
from crashing, along with keeping it running at top speed.

The most common storage devices are:

• Floppy Disks
• Zip Disks CD + RW
• CD + R
• DVD + RW
• DVD + R

Floppy Disk – They are plastic square disks, usually with a silver or black sliding piece going
across the top. These disks come in a variety of colors and they hold about 144 million bytes.
(Bytes are characters, symbols and letters).

Zip Disk – They look like a floppy disk, but they are a little thicker. This disk also comes in a
variety of colors and holds about 200 MB of data.

CD + RW Disc (Compact Disc Rewriteable) – This disc looks like a regular CD. The only difference
is that you can write on this disc and erase it as many times as you want. It works just like a
floppy disk or a zip disk. A CD + RW disc holds about 650 MB.

c (Compact Disc Recordable) – This one is a CD that you can record on. It’s mostly used to record
audio and once it’s been written on, you cannot rewrite or erase anything off of it. This compact
disc comes in different sizes, but they are usually silver in color. (Some CDs are black in color and
they actually don’t get as many scratches on them as the silver ones do. They are also a lot less
fragile).

A DVD – R Disc (Digital Video Recordable) – These discs hold the space of about 4.7 GB and are
used to record movies on.
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The more uncommon storage devices are:

• Removable Hard Drive

• Internet Hard Drive
• Flash
• PC Cards
• Smart Cards
• Storage Tapes
• Memory Sticks
• Smart Media

Removable Hard Drive – This is a disk drive in which a plastic or metal case surrounds the hard
drive. It can be inserted and removed just like a floppy disk. It holds about 2 GB of data.

Internet Hard Drive – This one is a service on the Internet that provides storage space to
computer users. This service offers about 25 MB of space, but it could be more, depending on
the service type.

Flash Drive – This a storage device that comes in many colors and has a stick shape to it. They
are very small in size, but they can hold anywhere between 256 MB and 16 GB of material on
them. PC Card – This is a thin credit card size device that fits into a PC card slot, usually on a
notebook computer. This card simply adds storage to most notebooks.

Smart Cards – These are the size of an ATM card. When inserted into a smart card reader, they
can read and update data for you.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Storage Tape – This one is a magnetically coated ribbon of plastic, capable of storing large
amounts of data at a very low cost. Usually, storage tapes are a little bigger than audio
tapes.
Older computers used tape and tape drives, but even today, some people still back their
systems up with storage tape. These tapes hold between 20 GB to about 110 GB of data. An
external tape drive can be purchased separately as well, but those are even harder to find.

Miniature Mobile Storage Media – This is used mostly with handheld computers and digital
cameras.

Memory Stick – This is a rectangular shaped disk that is used mostly with digital cameras and
notebook computers. They hold approximately 128 MB as well.

Micro Drive – This is a square disk that has 1 GB of space and is used with digital cameras and
handheld computers.

Smart Media Disc – This is a square disk that has 2 MB to about 128 MB of space on it. It’s used
with digital cameras, handheld computers and photo

printers.

There you go! These are just some of the storage devices that are available today. So, the next
time you want to save something that takes up a large amount of space on your hard drive,
think twice about it and consider using one of these storage devices instead. One of these
devices could save you a lot of space on your hard drive and keep your system running at its
best!
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

SELF CHECK 3.1-3

True or False:

1. A floppy disk is a plastic square disk that typically holds around 144 million bytes.

2. A Zip Disk is thicker than a floppy disk and can store up to 2 GB of data.

3. CD + RW discs can be written on and erased multiple times.

4. CD + R discs can be rewritten and reused just like CD + RW discs.

5. A DVD + R disc can store about 4.7 GB of data and is often used for movies.

6. Internet Hard Drives provide offline data storage on USB flash drives.

7. Flash drives can store between 256 MB to 16 GB of data and are small and portable.

8. Smart Cards are used for data storage and are about the same size as an ATM card.

9. Storage tapes are outdated and no longer used for backing up data.

10. Memory Sticks and Smart Media Discs are commonly used in digital cameras
and handheld devices.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Answer Key:

1. True

2. False – A Zip Disk holds about 200 MB, not 2 GB.

3. True

4. False – CD + R discs can only be written once and cannot be erased.

5. True

6. False – Internet Hard Drives provide online storage, not offline.

7. True

8. True

9. False – Storage tapes are still used by some people for backup.

10. True
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

LEARNING OUTCOME #2 Input data into computer

CONTENTS:
• Relevant types of software
• Communication skills to identify lines of communication, request advice,
follow instructions and receive feedback
• Storage devices and basic categories of memory
• Basic ergonomics of keyboard and computer user
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Data entered into the computer using appropriate program/application in
accordance with company procedure
2. Accuracy of information checked and information saved in accordance with
standard operating procedures
3. Inputted data stored in storage media according to requirements
4. Work performed within ergonomic guidelines.

CONDITION:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
• Equipment:
- 1 unit of computer - voltage regulator/UPS Learning Materials:
- Learning manuals
- Work instruction
- Hand-outs
• Supplies/Materials:
- Operating system
- Application program

EVALUATION METHOD:
• Hands-on
• Direct observation
• Practical demonstration
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Learning Experiences Learning Outcome 2:

INPUT DATA INTO COMPUTER

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read Information Sheet 2.2-1 If you have some problem on the content of the
Major Types of Software information sheets don’t hesitate to approach your
facilitator.
If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on the
content of the information sheets, you can now
answer Self Check provided in the module.

2. Answer Self-Check Compare your answer to the answer key 2.2-1. If you
for 2.2-1 got 100% correct answer in this self-check, you can
now to next information sheet. If not review the
information sheet and go over the selfcheck again.
3. Read Information Sheet If you have some problem on the content of the
2.2-2 OPERATING SYSTEM information sheets don’t hesitate to approach your
facilitator.
If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on the
content of the information sheets, you can now
answer Self Check provided in the module.
4. Answer Self-Check Compare your answer to the answer key 2.2-2. If you
for 2.2-2 got 100% correct answer in this self-check, you can
now go to the next information sheet. If not review
the information sheet and go over the selfcheck
again.
5. Read Information Sheet If you have some problem on the content of the
2.2-3 Customizing information sheets don’t hesitate to approach your
Windows Desktop facilitator.
If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on the
content of the information sheets, you can now
answer Self Check provided in the module.

6. Answer Self-Check for Compare your answer to the answer key 2.2-3. If you
2.2-3 got 100% correct answer in this self-check, you can
now perform task sheet 2.-1. If not review the
information sheet and go over the self-check again.
7. Perform Task Sheet Compare your work to the performance checklist. If
2.2-1 you got 100% correct answer in this task, you can
Customize Windows now move to the next Learning Outcome. If not
Desktop review the information sheet and go over the task
again.

After doing all activities of this LO, you are ready to

proceed to the next LO.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Information Sheet 3.2-1

Major Types Of Software
Learning Objectives:
After reading this information sheet, YOU MUST be able to identify the different major
types of software.

Software is the means by which computer systems speak with computer users. Software
forms the heart of computer systems. What are the major types of software? Read on to find
out.

Software, by definition, is the collection of computer programs, procedures and documentation

that performs different tasks on a computer system. The term 'software' was first used by John
Tukey in 1958. At the very basic level, computer software consists of a machine language that
consists of groups of binary values, which specify processor instructions. The processor
instructions change the state of computer hardware in a predefined sequence. Briefly, computer
software is the language in which a computer speaks. There are different types of computer
software. What are their major types? Let us see. Major Types of Software

Programming Software: This is one of the most commonly known and popularly used forms of
computer software. This software comes in forms of tools that assist a programmer in writing
computer programs. Computer programs are sets of logical instructions that make a computer
system perform certain tasks. The tools that help the programmers in instructing a computer
system include text editors, compilers and interpreters.

System Software: It helps in running the computer hardware and the computer system. System
software is a collection of operating systems; devise drivers, servers, windowing systems and
utilities. System software helps an application programmer in abstracting away from hardware,
memory and other internal complexities of a computer.
Application Software: It enables the end users to accomplish certain specific tasks. Business
software, databases and educational software are some forms of application software. Different
word processors, which are dedicated for specialized tasks to be performed by the user, are
other examples of application software.

Apart from these three basic types of software, there are some other wellknown forms of
computer software like inventory management software, ERP, utility software, accounting
software and others. Take a look at some of them.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Inventory Management Software: This type of software helps an

organization in tracking its goods and materials on the basis of quality as well as quantity.
Warehouse inventory management functions encompass the internal warehouse movements
and storage. Inventory software helps a company in organizing inventory and optimizing the flow
of goods in the organization, thus leading to an improved customer service.

Utility Software: Also known as service routine, utility software helps in the management of
computer hardware and application software. It performs a small range of tasks. Disk
defragmenters, systems utilities and virus scanners are some of the typical examples of utility
software.

Data Backup and Recovery Software: Ideal data backup and recovery software provides
functionalities beyond simple copying of data files. This software often supports user needs of
specifying what is to be backed up and when. Backup and recovery software preserve the
original organization of files and allow an easy retrieval of the backed up data.

This was an overview of the major types of software. Computer software are widely popular
today and hence we cannot imagine a world of computers without them. We would not have
been able to use computers if not for the software. What is fascinating about the world of
computers is that it has its own languages, its ways of communication with our human world and
human interaction with the computers is possible, thanks to computer software. I wonder, if the
word 'soft' in ‘software’ implies ‘soft-spokenness’, which is an important quality of a pleasant
communication
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

SELF CHECK 3.2-1

True or False Questions:

1. The term software was first used by John Tukey in 1958.

2. Machine language is made up of binary values that specify processor instructions.

3. Programming software is designed to help end-users complete daily tasks like

writing documents.

4. Text editors, compilers, and interpreters are examples of programming software

tools.

5. System software includes operating systems, device drivers, and utility programs.

6. Application software helps manage hardware and internal system components.

7. Word processors and databases are examples of application software.

8. Inventory management software helps track goods in terms of both quantity and
quality.

9. Utility software performs a wide range of tasks and manages user data for
companies.

10. Backup and recovery software only allows users to copy files, but not retrieve
them.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Answer Key:
1. True
2. True
3. False – Programming software is for programmers, not end-users.
4. True
5. True
6. False – That’s what system software does, not application software.
7. True
8. True
9. False – Utility software performs a small range of tasks, not a wide range, and
doesn't manage user data for companies.
10. False – Backup and recovery software also allows easy retrieval of data, not
just copying.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

INFORMATION SHEET 3.2-2 OPERATING SYSTEM

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Learning Objectives:
After reading this information sheet, YOU MUST be able to identify the operating systems.

An operating system (OS) is software, consisting of programs and data, that runs on
computers, manages computer hardware resources, and provides common services for
execution of various application software. The operating system is the most important type of
system software in a computer system. Without an operating system, a user cannot run an
application program on their computer, unless the application program is self booting.
For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system
acts as an intermediary between application programs and the computer hardware,[1][2] although
the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and will frequently call the OS
or be interrupted by it. Operating systems are found on almost any device that contains a
computer— from cellular phones and video to supercomputers and web servers.
Examples of popular modern operating systems are: BSD, Linux, Mac
OS X, Microsoft Windows, and Unix.[3]

Types

Real-time
A real-time operating system is a multitasking operating system that aims at executing
real- time applications. Real-time operating systems often use specialized scheduling
algorithms so that they can achieve a deterministic nature of behavior. The main
objective of real-time operating systems is their quick and predictable response to
events. They have an event- driven or time-sharing design and often aspects of both. An
event-driven system switches between tasks based on their priorities or external events
while time-sharing operating systems switch tasks based on clock interrupts.
Multi-user vs. Single-user
A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to access a computer system
concurrently. Time-sharing system can be classified as multi-user systems as they enable
a multiple user access to a computer through the sharing of time. Single-user operating
systems, as opposed to a multi-user operating system, are usable by a single user at a
time. Being able to have multiple accounts on a Windows operating system does not
make it a multi-user system. Rather, only the network administrator is the real user. But
for a Unix- like operating system, it is possible for two users to login at a time and this
capability of the OS makes it a multi-user operating system. Multi-tasking vs. Single-
tasking
When a single program is allowed to run at a time, the system is grouped under a single-
tasking system, while in case the operating system allows the execution of multiple tasks
at one time, it is classified as a multi-tasking operating system. Multi-tasking can be of
two types namely, pre-emptive or co-operative. In pre-emptive multitasking, the
operating
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

system slices the CPU time and dedicates one slot to each of the programs. Unix-like
operating systems such as Solaris and Linux support pre-emptive multitasking.
Cooperative multitasking is achieved by relying on each process to give time to the other
processes in a defined manner. MS Windows prior to Windows 95 used to support
cooperative multitasking. Distributed
A distributed operating system manages a group of independent computers and makes
them appear to be a single computer. The development of networked computers that
could be linked and communicate with each other, gave rise to distributed computing.
Distributed computations are carried out on more than one machine. When computers in
a group work in cooperation, they make a distributed system.
Embedded
Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded computer systems.
They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy. They are
able to operate with a limited number of resources. They are very compact and
extremely efficient by design. Windows CE and Minix 3 are some examples of embedded
operating systems.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

SELF CHECK 3.2-2

Directions: Identify what is being described in each item. Write only the correct term.

1. This is the most important type of system software in a computer system that manages hardware and
provides services for application software.
2. A type of operating system that allows execution of tasks in a predictable and timely manner, usually
using special scheduling algorithms.
3. An OS that allows only one program to run at a time.
4. This type of operating system allows many users to access a computer system at the same time.
5. A multitasking method where the CPU time is divided among programs, each receiving a slot of time.
6. This OS is used in small machines with limited resources, such as PDAs.
7. An operating system that manages several independent computers and makes them appear as one.
8. A multitasking method that depends on each program to yield control back to the OS.
9. This OS can be found in devices ranging from smartphones to supercomputers.
10. An example of an embedded operating system.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

ANSWERS KEY:

1. Operating System

2. Real-time Operating System

3. Single-tasking Operating System

4. Multi-user Operating System

5. Pre-emptive Multitasking

6. Embedded Operating System

7. Distributed Operating System

8. Cooperative Multitasking

9. Operating System

10. Windows CE
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

INFORMATION SHEET 3.2-3

Customizing Windows Desktop

Learning Objectives:
After reading this information sheet, YOU MUST be able to customize windows desktop.

Start menu

The Start menu is a primary conduit to functions and files. How to configure it for individual
preferences is discussed.
Many of the properties of the Start menu can be configured by right-clicking the Start button and
choosing "Properties" from the context menu. Figure 1 shows the resulting properties sheet. To
customize the Start menu, click the "Customize" button. This will open the dialog box shown in
Figure 2. Those who wish can change the appearance of the Start menu to the older look by
choosing "Classic Start menu". Only the XP style will be considered in this discussion.
Figure 1. Properties sheet for Start menu

Fgure 2. Dialog box for customizing Start menu

There are several areas in the Windows XP Start menu and these are shown in figure 3. A
number of the entries are discussed in following sections.

Figure 3. Sections in the Windows XP Start menu

 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Recently used programs

Using an algorithm that is not always clear, Windows XP will place shortcuts to some of the
programs that you have recently used into the area labeled “Recently used programs”.
Pinned programs

If you wish to give a permanent place on the Start menu to a favorite program, place it in the
“Pinned” area. Right-click the program entry in the All Programs menu or other location and
choose “Pin to Start menu”. To remove a program from the pinned area, right-click and choose
“Unpin from Start menu”.

Organizing the “All Programs” menu

The listings in the All Programs menu are just shortcuts to the actual program files and can be
edited like any other shortcut. Customizing Shortcuts

One way to use Windows XP better and more efficiently is to have a quick path to your most
common tasks. Here's how to create useful shortcuts.

Everyone is familiar with the icons placed on the desktop, the shortcuts to open programs.
Many are also aware that shortcuts can be placed in the taskbar. However, the average PC user
is often unfamiliar with the various methods that exist for creating shortcuts, not just to
programs but also for other functions. There are a number of methods for creating new
shortcuts:

• Drag and drop

• The right-click “Send To” function

• The right-click “New” function

 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

A discussion of each approach to creating shortcuts is given in the sections below.

Drag and drop

The drag and drop method can be used in several ways. Either the left or the right mouse
button can be used for drag and drop with somewhat different behavior. I prefer the right-click
method and this will be the basis for the rest of the discussion. Dragging with the right-click

brings up the context menu shown in the figure. One way to employ
drag and drop is to use the menu entry "Copy Here" to make a copy of an existing shortcut in a
different location. For example, an entry in the Start-All Programs menu can be dragged to the
desktop or to the Quick Launch bar to place a copy of a shortcut in a more readily available
spot.

The right-click “Send To” function

For making shortcuts specifically on the desktop, the Send To function of the right-click can be
used (figure on the left). Simply right-click on the desired file or folder and select "Desktop
(create shortcut)" from the "Send To" menu.

The right-click “New” function

The most general method for

creating shortcuts uses the "New" function of the context menu that appears when a vacant
spot within a folder window or on the desktop is right-clicked (figure on the left). Right-click in
the folder where the shortcut is to be placed and select the entry "Shortcut" from the menu.
The dialog box
shown below will open. The location of the target item can be entered or the "Browse" function
can be used to locate it.

First dialog box for creating new shortcut

 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

If the "Browse" button is selected, the dialog shown below will open. Here you can select the file
or folder that you wish to create a shortcut for (the target). Once the desired folder or file has
been selected, Click the "OK" button.

Dialog box for Browse function

Customizing the Taskbar

The Taskbar is the strip across the length of the screen that is the central means for accessing
programs and files. Configuring it to suit individual preferences is discussed.
Windows XP taskbar

Configuring the taskbar

To configure the taskbar, right-click in an empty space on the bar and select “Properties” from
the context menu. The resulting dialog box is shown in the figure below.
Taskbar properties sheet
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Notification Area (aka System Tray)

A variety of programs will place icons in the section of the taskbar on the far right that
typically contains the clock. In XP, Microsoft calls this the “Notification area”. It was previously
known as the “System tray”.

Section of Taskbar properties for Notification area

Toolbars

It is possible to add customized toolbars to the middle area of the taskbar. Right-click an empty
spot on the taskbar and choose “Toolbars”. There are five standard default choices, including
“Quick Launch” (first figure below). (Other software may sometimes add extra choices.) There
is also an item “New toolbar” that allows the choice of any folder (second figure below). The
Desktop toolbar gives access to the contents of the desktop without having to minimize any
open windows. Similarly, a frequently used folder can be made easily accessible by creating a
toolbar for it.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

TO CHANGE YOUR DESKTOP BACKGROUND

1 Open Display in Control Panel.
.
2 On the Desktop tab, do one or more of the following:
. • Click a picture in the Background list. In Position, click Center, or Stretch.
• Click Browse to search for a background picture in other folders or on other drives. You can
use files with the following
extensions: .bmp, .gif, .jpg, .dib, .png, .htm. In Position, click Center, or Stretch.
• Select a color from Desktop color. The color fills the space not used by a picture.
Note
• To open Display, click Start, click Control Panel, click Appearance and Themes, and then click Display.
• You can use a personal picture as a background. All of your personal pictures located in My Pictures
are listed by name in the Background list.
• You can save a picture from a Web site as a background. Right-click the picture and then click Set as
Background. The picture is listed in the Background as Internet Explorer Background.
• If you choose an .htm document as your background picture, the Position options are unavailable. The
.htm document is automatically stretched to fill your background.

Screen Saver
A screensaver is a computer program originally designed to conserve the image quality of
computer displays by blanking the screen, or filling it with moving images or patterns when the
computer was not in use. Today, screensavers are primarily used for entertainment or security
purposes.

Steps:
1. Open Display properties by Clicking Start, Control Panel & Display or Right Click your
desktop and choose properties.
2. Click Screen Saver Tab
3. Choose your screen saver and click applies.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Self Check 3.2-3

Directions: Choose the correct answer from the choices given. Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. What is the function of the Start menu in Windows XP?
A. Display system errors
B. Connect to the internet
C. Provide access to functions and files
D. Shut down the computer
2. How can you customize the Start menu in Windows XP?
A. Double-click the taskbar
B. Drag files to the desktop
C. Right-click the Start button and choose “Properties”
D. Open My Documents
3. What is the purpose of the Pinned programs section in the Start menu?
A. To store system files
B. To run background apps
C. To give permanent place to favorite programs
D. To show error logs
4. How does Windows XP determine which programs appear under Recently used programs?
A. Alphabetical order
B. Manual selection
C. A built-in algorithm
D. Installation date
5. What does the "Send To" function do when creating shortcuts?
A. Sends files via email
B. Deletes selected items
C. Creates a desktop shortcut
D. Moves files to recycle bin
6. What is the Notification Area also known as?
A. Start panel
B. Quick access
C. System tray
D. Program folder
7. How can you configure the taskbar in Windows XP?
A. Drag it with left-click
B. Right-click on the desktop
C. Use Display Settings
D. Right-click the taskbar and choose “Properties”
8. What does the Quick Launch toolbar allow users to do?
A. Change desktop background
B. Access Control Panel quickly
C. Launch programs without using Start menu
D. Monitor system temperature
9. Which file types can be used as desktop background images?
A. .exe, .dll, .iso
B. .txt, .doc, .xls
C. .bmp, .jpg, .gif, .png
D. .mp3, .avi, .wav
10. How do you access the screen saver settings in Windows XP?
A. Via Device Manager
B. Through Command Prompt
C. By clicking the Screen Saver tab in Display properties
D. Using Windows Update
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

ANSWER KEY:

1. C

2. C

3. C

4. C

5. C

6. C

7. D

8. C

9. C

10. C
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

TASK SHEET 3.2-1

Title: Customize Windows Desktop

Performance Objective: Given the necessary tools and materials you are going to change the
desktop settings of your computer.

Supplies/Materials : Functional PC

Equipment :

Steps/Procedure:
1. Start computer using your user account.
2. Customized your start menu to standard
3. Change number of programs in start menu to 10 & use Small Icon.
4. In advance
tab Check
• Open menus when I pause on them with my mouse
• Highlight newly installed programs
• Control Panel
Display as menu
• My Computer
Display as menu
• My Document
Display as link
• My Network Places – On
5. Change the desktop picture of your computer6. Add Screen Saver

Assessment Method:

Performance Criteria Checklist

 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Performance Checklist 3.2-1

CRITERIA Yes NO
Did the trainee:

Started computer using your user account.

Customized your start menu to standard
Changed number of programs in start menu to 10 & use Small Icon

Changed the desktop picture of your computer

Changed Screen Saver
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

LEARNING OUTCOME #3 Access information using computer

CONTENTS:
• Relevant types of software
• Business application
• System software
• Basic ergonomics of keyboard and computer user
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Correct program/application selected based on job requirements
2. Program/application containing the information required accessed according
to company procedures
3. Desktop icons correctly selected, opened and closed for navigation purposes
4. Keyboard techniques carried out in line with OHS requirements for safe use
of keyboards

CONDITION:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
• Equipment:
- 1 unit of computer - voltage regulator/UPS Learning Materials:
- Learning manuals
- Work instruction
- Hand-outs
• Supplies/Materials:
- Operating system
- Application program
- Disks

EVALUATION METHOD:
• Hands-on
• Direct observation
• Practical demonstration
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Learning Experiences

Learning Outcome 3 : Access information using computer

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read Information Sheet 3.3-1 If you have doubt/verifications regarding the data
Getting Started with Word on the information sheet 3.3-1, you may ask the
trainer or co-trainees who are done with this
activity.
2. Answer Self-Check Compare answers with the answer key 3.3-1. You are
for 3.3-1 required to get all answers correct. If not, read the
information sheet 3.3-1 again to answer all questions
correctly.
3. Perform Compare your work to the performance checklist. If
Task Sheet 3.3-1: you got 100% correct answer in this task, you can
Working with MsWord now move to the next Information Sheet. If not
review the information sheet and go over the task
again.
4. Read Information If you have doubt/verifications regarding the data
Sheet 3.3-2 on the information sheet 3.3-2, you may ask the
Learning Worksheet trainer or co-trainees who are done with this
Fundamentals activity.
5. Answer Self-Check 3.32 Compare answers with the answer key 3.3-2. You are
required to get all answers correct. If not, read the
information sheet 3.3-2 again to answer all questions
correctly.
6. Perform Compare your work to the performance checklist. If
Task Sheet 3.3-2: you got 100% correct answer in this task, you can
Creating Worksheet now move to the next Information Sheet. If not
review the information sheet and go over the task
again.
7. Read Information If you have doubt/verifications regarding the data
Sheet 3.3-3 on the information sheet 3.3-3, you may ask the
Creating a Presentation trainer or co-trainees who are done with this
activity.
8. Answer Self-Check 3.33 Compare answers with the answer key 3.3-3. You are
required to get all answers correct. If not, read the
information sheet 2.3-3 again to answer all questions
correctly.
9. Perform Compare your work to the performance checklist. If
Task Sheet 3.3-3: you got 100% correct answer in this task, you can
Creating Presentation now move to the next Information Sheet. If not
review the information sheet and go over the task
Again.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

INFORMATION SHEET 3.3-1

Getting Started with Word Learning Objectives

After completing this lesson, you will be able to:

Start Word.
Explore the Word window.
Enter text in a document.
Save a document.
Close a document and quit Word.

Just a few years ago, correspondence was created with paper and pencils, pens, or typewriters.
Gone are the days, however, of correction fluid, crossed-out words, and wads of crumpled
papers scattered around your garbage can. Today most personal and professional
correspondence is created using computers. And, in most cases, those computers are running a
word-processing program to make the creation of documents easier and more accurate.
Microsoft Word is one such word-processing program. With the help of Microsoft Word, you
can quickly and easily create memos, faxes, reports, letters, charts, and newsletters. You can
also, among other things, add graphics to documents and use other Microsoft Office XP
programs to import data into a Word document. Not only is Word a convenient time-saver, but
Word also allows you to check spelling and edit documents before printing. No longer do
reports, letters, and other documents have to be completely retyped just because of an error or
two. Word allows you to edit quickly and leaves you with a very clean, professional-looking
document (and saves you from emptying your garbage can so often).
In this lesson, you will learn how to start and quit Word and how to identify the various
components in the Word window, such as the menu bar and toolbar. You’ll explore the task
pane, you’ll practice entering text into a document, and then you’ll save a document. To
complete the procedures in this lesson, you will create your own practice files.

A toolbar is a group of buttons used to carry out commands. For example, the Drawing toolbar contains buttons
that you can use to draw and format pictures.

The taskbar is the strip along the bottom or side of the screen. You use the mouse pointer to open
applications on the taskbar.

Starting Word
You start Word by clicking the Start button, which is at the left end (or top) of the Microsoft
Windows taskbar. After you start Word, the program appears in its own window with a new,
blank document open. A window is an area of the screen that is used to display a program or
document. Every window has common components, including scroll bars and toolbars. You’ll
learn more about the components of the Word window later in this lesson. A document is a
self- contained piece of work created by using a program. In other words, the Word window
and each
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

open document are displayed in separate windows. You can use Word to open multiple
documents (therefore multiple document windows) at a time, you can resize a document
window, and you can also minimize a document window. When you minimize a document
window, the document window is reduced to a button on the Windows taskbar. The document
is still open; you just can’t see it.

Notice in this illustration

that the Standard and
Formatting toolbars are
on separate lines to allow
you to view them clearly.

In this exercise, you use the Start button to open Word.

1 Click the Start button at the left end (or top) of the Windows taskbar, which is
typically located along the bottom of the screen. (You may also find it at the top or
along one of the sides of the screen.) The Start menu appears.
2 On the Start menu, point to All Programs. The All Programs submenu appears.
3 On the All Programs submenu, click Microsoft
Word. Word starts.

tip

Rather than clicking the Start button, pointing to All Programs, and clicking the program that you want to use, you
can save time by creating a desktop shortcut. You simply double-click

a shortcut icon to start its associated program. To create a desktop shortcut to Word, click the Start button, point to
All Programs, point to Microsoft Word, and hold down the Ctrl key while you drag the Microsoft Word icon to the
desktop. Double-click the Word shortcut icon to open Word.

Exploring the Word Window

Many components in the Word window are similar to those in other Windows programs. The
following illustration displays the elements in the Word window, and a description of each
element follows the figure.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

A desktop shortcut is represented by an icon with a curved arrow in the left corner. You can create a
shortcut by rightclicking the desired button-icon and clicking Create Shortcut. The shortcut icon can be
moved to the desktop by dragging the icon to the desktop.

Title bar The area of a window or dialog box that displays the name of the current dialog box
or application and the name of the current document. It is located along the top of the
window.
Menu bar The area that lists the names of the menus available in Word. A menu is a collection
of related commands from which you can make a selection. The menu bar is located just below
the title bar.
Standard toolbar A toolbar that provides quick access to the editing functions you use
frequently. For example, on the Standard toolbar, the button that you use to save a document
contains an icon of a floppy disk. The Standard toolbar is located just below the menu bar.
Formatting toolbar A toolbar that provides quick access to the formatting functions that you
use frequently. The names of buttons are displayed in ScreenTips when you position the mouse
pointer over the buttons.
Insertion point A blinking vertical line in the document window that indicates where the next
character (any single letter, number, space, tab, page break, paragraph mark, or symbol that
can be entered in a document) typed from the keyboard will appear.

Selection area The area between the left edge of the window and the left edge of a line of text.
You position the mouse pointer in the selection area to select an entire line of text. The pointer
changes to a right-pointing arrow when it is positioned in the selection area.

Ruler An on-screen scale marked with inches or other units of measure, which changes the
indentation of paragraphs, resets a page margin (an area of blank space between the edge of
the paper and the text), and adjusts the width of columns. The ruler is located below the
toolbars.

Scroll bars Bars that are used for moving the view of the document. The vertical scroll bar is
located along the right side of the window, and the horizontal scroll bar is located along the
lower portion of the window, just above the status bar.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Navigation buttons Buttons that are used for moving the view in a long document. These
buttons are located on the vertical scroll bar.

Status bar A bar that displays explanations of currently selected text at the bottom edge of the
program window.

Minimize button A button that reduces a window to a button on the Windows taskbar. It
appears as a button with a horizontal line and is located in the group of three buttons at the
upper-right corner of the window.

Maximize/Restore Down button A button that switches back and forth, or toggles (alternately
turns an option on or off each time that the option is selected) between displaying a window in
its maximum size and restoring a window to its previous size. It is located in the group of three
buttons at the upper-right corner of the window.

Close button A button that closes the current window or application. It is located in the group
of three buttons at the upper-right corner of the window.

ScreenTip A help item that shows the name of a button or screen element when you rest the
mouse pointer on a toolbar button or screen element.

Task pane Word organizes commands for common tasks in the task pane, a small window next
to your document that opens when you need it. For example, when you start Word, you see
the New Document task pane, which includes commands for opening and creating documents.
Use the New Document task pane to open a saved or blank document, to create a document
based on an existing one, or to create a document from a template (a file containing structure
and style settings that help you create a specific type of document, such as a memo or resume).
You can also show or hide any task pane when you like. If you want to use a task pane and the
one that you want does not appear, you can manually show the task pane and then select the
specific task pane that you want from the Other Task Panes menu on the task pane. If you no
longer need the task pane, you can hide it to free up valuable screen space in the program
window. On the View menu, click Task Pane; clicking the command hides the task pane if it is
currently displayed or shows it if it is currently hidden.

tip
The task pane opens each time you start Word and closes when you open a document. If you don’t want the task
pane to appear each time you start Word, clear the Show at Startup check box in the task pane.

Entering Text
You begin creating a document by simply typing text. When you enter text into a document,
you don’t have to press Enter at the end of each line. Word’s word wrap automatically wraps
text from one line to the next each time the insertion point reaches the right margin. Word
wrap breaks lines of text so that they stay within margin boundaries; you don’t have to enter
hard returns. You press Enter only when you want to begin a new paragraph or insert a blank
line.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Word uses left and right page margins of 1.25 inches and top and bottom margins of 1 inch by
default; however, you can reset the page margins.

As you type text, the insertion point moves, indicating the location for the next character. If you make a
mistake, press Backspace to delete characters to the left of the insertion point or press Delete to delete
characters to the right of the insertion point.

Saving a Document
The text that you enter is stored in the computer’s memory, which is temporary. To keep the file
for future use, you must store the document on your hard disk.
In this exercise, you save your new document to your hard disk and save the document again
after you make changes.
1 On the Standard toolbar, click the Save button to display the Save As dialog box.

2 In the File name box, type Brochure 01.

3 Click the Save In down arrow, and click the icon for your hard disk.
4 Double-click the Computer Fundamentals Practice folder.
The Save in box displays the text Computer Fundamentals Practice, and the dialog box
displays the contents of the Computer Fundamentals Practice folder.
5 Double-click the Part III folder, and then the Lesson01 folder. The Lesson01 folder opens.
6 Click the Save button.
The file is saved to your hard disk with the new name, which is now displayed in the
Microsoft Word title bar.
7 Click at the end of the first paragraph to position the insertion
point there.
8 Press the Spacebar, and type the following sentence:
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Meetings are held monthly where an expert guest speaker presents timely and pertinent
information.
9 On the Standard toolbar, click the Save
button. Word saves the document.
Keep this file open for the next exercise.

Tip
Word saves documents for recovery in case the program stops responding or you lose power.
The Document Recovery task pane lists all recovered documents and allows you to open the
documents, view the repairs, and compare the recovered versions. Word saves the changes in a
recovery file based on the amount of time indicated in the AutoRecover option. To turn on

the AutoRecover option and specify a time interval in which to save, on the Tools menu, click
Options, click the Save tab, select the Save AutoRecover info every check box, specify the
period of time, and then click OK.

Closing a Document and Quitting

Word
After a file is stored on your hard disk, you can clear it from the screen by closing the document
window or quitting Word. If the document has not been saved, Word prompts you to save the
file before closing the window. To clear a document from the document window, on the File
menu, click Close, or in the upper-right corner of the screen, click the Close button. Closing the
current document window leaves Word still running. When you click Exit on the File menu, the
Word program quits.
1 On the File menu, click Close.
The document closes, leaving Word open but no documents open.
2 On the File menu, click Exit. Word closes.
3 To restart Word, Click the Start button on the Windows taskbar, point to All Programs,
and click Microsoft Word. (You could also choose Microsoft Word from the first column of
the Start menu.) Word starts.
4 Click the Close button on the New Document task pane.
Keep the new Word document open for the next
exercise.

To close MS Word Window

1 On the File menu, click Close to close the file. If you are prompted to save changes, click
No. Word closes the file without saving the changes.
2 In the upper-right corner of the Word window, click the Close
button. The Word program closes.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Self Check 3.3-1

Directions: Identify what is being described in each item. Write the correct term .
1. A blinking vertical line in the document window that shows where the next typed
character will appear.
2. The area of the window that displays the name of the document and the program.
3. A toolbar located just below the menu bar that gives quick access to commonly used
formatting commands.
4. A window element that allows you to move through a long document horizontally or
vertically.
5. A method in Word that automatically moves text to the next line when the end of a
line is reached.
6. The area on the screen where Word commands for common tasks appear, such as
creating or opening documents.
7. A feature that lets users create shortcuts on the desktop for quick access to
programs like Microsoft Word.
8. A Word bar that shows information about the selected text and current status,
located at the bottom of the window.
9. The button used to reduce a window to a button on the taskbar.
10. The bar that lists related commands like File, Edit, and View in Microsoft
Word.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

ANSWER KEY:
1. Insertion point
2. Title bar
3. Formatting toolbar
4. Scroll bars
5. Word wrap
6. Task pane
7. Desktop shortcut
8. Status bar
9. Minimize button
10. Menu bar
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

TASK SHEET 3.3-1

Title: Working with MsWord

Performance Objective: Given the necessary supplies and materials, you are going to create and
type a document using MS Word

Supplies/Materials
Personal Computer
Equipment : PC

Steps/Procedure:
1. Open MS Word and type the

following: Naming files and

directories

Formation of file and directory names are governed by the following rules:

1. There should be a maximum of eight (8) characters used, with no spaces in between, and
an optional extension of at most three (3) characters after a period.(For DOS and
Windows 3.11 or 3.11 only)
2. The period (.) is a special character. It is used for no other purpose but to separate
the name of the file from the extension. No Space are placed before and after the
period.
3. Valid characters that may be used are as follows:
a. the letters of the alphabet, from A to Z, regardless of whether they are upper or
lower case;
b. the digits ) to 9; and
c. the following special characters:underscore (_) , caret (^), dollar sign ($), tilde (~),
exclamation point (!), Number sign (#), percent sign (%), ampersand (&), hyphen (-),
braces ( { and } ), at sign (@), single quotation mark (`), apostrophe (‘), and the
parentheses, ( ).
4. Finally, no two names of a file or subdirectory in the same directory may be identical

2. Perform the following requirements:

REQUIREMENTS:
A. Page setup C. Change the whole document except the title:
Paper size = Letter Font size = 12
Orientation = Portrait Font style = Times New Roman
Margin: Alignment = Justify
Left = 1”
Right = 1” D. Spell Check the whole document
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Top = 1” E. Italized “ For DOS and Windows

 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

LEARNING OUTCOME
PRODUCE OUTPUT/DATA USING COMPUTER SYSTEM
#4

CONTENTS:
• Relevant types of software
• Computer peripherals
• Storage devices and basic categories of memory

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Entered data processed using appropriate software commands
2. Data printed as required using computer hardware/peripheral devices in
accordance with standard operating procedures
3. Files and data transferred between compatible systems using computer
software, hardware/peripheral devices in accordance with standard operating
procedures
CONDITION:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
• Equipment:
- 1 unit of computer
- printer
- voltage regulator/UPS Learning Materials:
- Learning manuals
- Work instruction
- Hand-outs
• Supplies/Materials:
- Operating system
- Application program
- Disks
EVALUATION METHOD:
• Lecture-demonstration
• Self-paced instruction
• Group discussion
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Learning Experiences

Learning Outcome 4: Produce output/data using computer system

Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. Read Information Sheet If you have some problem on the content of the
3.4-1 How to Print information sheets don’t hesitate to approach your
facilitator.
File
If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on the
content of the information sheets, you can now
answer Self Check provided in the module.

2. Answer Self-Check Compare your answer to the answer key 3.4-1. If you
for 3.4-1 got 100% correct answer in this self-check, you can
now Perform task Sheet 3.4-1. If not review the
information sheet and go over the self-check again.
3. Perform Compare your work to the performance checklist. If
Task Sheet 3.4-1: you got 100% correct answer in this task, you can
Printing Document now move to the next Information Sheet. If not
review the information sheet and go over the task
again.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

INFORMATION SHEET 3.4-1

HOW TO PRINT FILE
Learning Objectives : After reading this information sheet, YOU MUST be able to identify the
computer hardware.

Printing Document
Steps
1. Open a program that allows you to insert text into a document or get in an internet.
2. If you were to open a program, you would need to type text into the document.
If you were to get on the internet, you could skip to step 7.
3. After you have typed text into the document, you need to locate the menu bar,
click on file, then point to print.
4. Click on print.\
5. When the print dialogue box appear, select the printer you want to use, (if it is
not already in selected) and select the number of copies to print.
6. Click okay.
7. If you were to print a page or pages from the internet, follow steps 3, 4, 5, and
6, except you don't have to type text into a document to print

PRINTING SPREADSHEET
• Format your spreadsheet the way you want to see it printed.
Add borders and shading as necessary to your tables and adjust
column widths so your data fits without overlapping. The better
job you do preparing your spreadsheet from the beginning, the
easier it will be to print. Include features like headers and footers
to ensure all the necessary information will be on the printout.

• For Microsoft Excel, click "View" on the menu bar and then click
"Page Break Preview." Other spreadsheets will likely have a
similar process. If not, go to the "Print Preview" page and, if
necessary, turn on the margins by clicking the appropriate
button--usually "Margins.

• Adjust the page breaks or margins by clicking on them and

dragging them in the direction you want them adjusted.
Sometimes, the scale will automatically adjust to fit your new
margin or page-break definitions. If not, you will have to do it
manually.
• Go to your spreadsheet's "Page Setup" function, usually in the
"File" menu, if you must manually adjust the scale. There are
three types of adjustments you may see. The first option is to
choose between "Landscape" and "Portrait." The former is better
for wide, continuous spreadsheets, while the latter is good for
narrow or limited-length tables. The second adjustment is to fit
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

the spreadsheet to a set number of pages in length and in width.

The scale is automatically adjusted to meet the criteria you define.
The final option is to choose a percentage adjustment
from the original size. This can work to enlarge or reduce the final
printout.
• Click the “PRINT” button on the toolbar once all of the adjustments
Are made. There is no way to determine exactly how the
spreadsheet will look when it is finally on paper, so you may have
to go back and fine-tune some of your adjustments in order to
print out a copy that is professional and readable, especially for
extremely wide or complex spreadsheets.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

TASK SHEET 4.4-1

Title: Printing Document
Performance Objective: Given the necessary supplies and materials, you are going to print
document based on the requirements.

Supplies/Materials Bond paper,

Equipment PC, Printer

Steps/Procedure:
1. Start your computer
2. Open your MS word activity
3. Print preview and make necessary adjustment
4. Print the document
5. Open your Excel activity
6. Print preview and make necessary adjustments
7. Print your spreadsheet
8. Let your trainer check your work.

Assessment Method: Demonstration with questioning

Performance Checklist 4.4-1

CRITERIA Ye s NO

Did the trainee:

Started the computer properly

Opened your MS word activity

Printed the document completely

Opened Excel worksheet

Printed the spreadsheet completely

Made necessary adjustment of the documents and spreadsheet

 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

LEARNING OUTCOME #5 MAINTAIN COMPUTER EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS

CONTENTS:
• Security measures
• Anti-virus software/programs
• File Management

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Systems for cleaning, minor maintenance and replacement of consumables are
implemented
2. Procedures for ensuring security of data, including regular back-ups and virus checks
are implemented in accordance with standard operating procedures
3. Basic file maintenance procedures are implemented in line with the standard
operating procedures

CONDITION:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
• Equipment:
- 1 unit of computer - voltage regulator/UPS Learning Materials:
- Learning manuals
- Work instruction
- Hand-outs
• Supplies/Materials:
- Operating system
- Application program

EVALUATION METHOD:
• Hands-on
• Direct observation
• Practical demonstration
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Learning Experiences
Learning Outcome 5: Maintain computer equipment and
systems

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read Information Sheet If you have some problem on the content of the
3.5-1 Maintain Computer System information sheets don’t hesitate to approach your
facilitator.
If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on the
content of the information sheets, you can now
answer Self Check provided in the module.

2. Answer Self-Check Compare your answer to the answer key 3.5-1. If you
for 3.5-1 got 100% correct answer in this self-check, you can
now Perform task Sheet 3.5-1. If not review the
information sheet and go over the self-check again.
3. Perform Compare your work to the performance checklist. If
Task Sheet 3.5-1: you got 100% correct answer in this task, you can
Computer System Maintenance now take the competency evaluation. If not review
the information sheet and go over the task again.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

INFORMATION SHEET 3.5-1

MAINTAIN COMPUTER SYSTEM

Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to Maintain
Computer System

How to perform Disk Clean Up:

1. Start Menu>>Programs>>Accessories>>System Tools>>Disk Clean Up

2. Select Drive to Clean Up and click “OK”

3. Place Check Marks in Items to be removed Click “OK”

(If your not sure what you are deleting select the category and then Click “View Files”)

How to Clear Internet “History”

1. Start Menu>>Settings>>Control Panel>>Dbl Click Internet Options

2. Click “Clear History”

3. Click “OK”

How to Clear Internet “Temporary Internet” Files

1. Start Menu>>Settings>>Control Panel>>Dbl Click Internet Options

2. Click “Delete Files”

3. Put check mark in “Delete all Offline Content”

4. Click “OK”

5. Click “OK” again

How to Run Scan disk and Disk Defragmenter without interruption:

Start Menu>>Run >>In Run Type “MSCONFIG” then click “OK”

MSCONFIG will appear
Select “Selective Startup” then Uncheck
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

“Load Startup Group Items”

Click “OK”
Click Yes to Restart Computer
Upon Restart
Start Menu>>Settings>>Control Panel>>Dbl Click Display

Select the “Screen Saver” Tab

Change the Screen Saver Drop Menu to “NONE”

Click OK
Then Perform Scan Disk:
Start Menu>>Programs>>Accessories>>System Tools>>Scan Disk

After Scan Disk Perform Disk Defragmenter

Start Menu>>Programs>>Accessories>>System Tools>>Disk Defragmenter Select which disk to

Defragment then click “OK”

After Disk Defragmenter

Start Menu>>Run >>In Run Type “MSCONFIG” then click “OK”

MSCONFIG will appear>>select “Normal Start Up” and Click “OK” Click Yes to Restart
Computer

Upon Restart

Start Menu>>Settings>>Control Panel>>Dbl Click Display

Select the “Screen Saver” Tab>>Change the Screen Saver Drop Menu to your preferred screen saver

Click OK
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Removing viruses from infected machines

Computer Virus

A virus is a destructive executable program that infects the other programs in the
system and spreads by replicating itself.
Such a program is designed to damage the victim’s computer files.
Viruses are coded by malicious programmers in a
way that they can spread in the system without
one's permission and knowledge.

Different Aspects of Computer Virus

Finder- searches for the new uninfected files and the
Replicator- actually targets these files and infects it by
multiplying itself.

How Virus does Affects a System?

• It corrupts files
• It slows down the speed of the computer system
• It causes the system to hang frequently
• It deletes various files

Sources of Virus Infection

A virus can enter the system and infect it through various sources. Some of the sources are

• Infected CDs, DVDs, pen drives, etc

• E-mail
• Browsing infected sites
• Downloading files from the internet

Steps to Remove Viruses

Removing viruses, though technical, is yet a very simple process if all the required steps are properly
followed.

The basic steps are:

• Buy or download an antivirus software

• Install the antivirus software
• Update antivirus software with the latest virus definitions
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Methods of Eliminating Viruses

Removing the virus – When the virus can be easily identified and can be removed without affecting other files, then the
antivirus removes it from the host place.

Quarantine – This is done when the virus cannot be easily identified removed from the file and
the removal of virus means the removal of the complete file. In this method, although the virus
is not eliminated, it is rendered inactive by moving the file into "quarantine" and renaming it.

Types of viruses and Examples

Boot viruses: These viruses infect floppy disk boot records or master boot records in hard disks.
They replace the boot record program (which is responsible for loading the operating system in
memory) copying it elsewhere on the disk or overwriting it. Boot viruses load into memory if the
computer tries to read the disk while it is booting.

Examples: Form, Disk Killer, Michelangelo, and Stone virus

Program viruses: These infect executable program files, such as those with extensions like .BIN,
.COM, .EXE, .OVL, .DRV (driver) and .SYS (device driver). These programs are loaded in memory
during execution, taking the virus with them. The virus becomes active in memory, making
copies of itself and infecting files on disk.

Examples: Sunday, Cascade

Multipartite viruses: A hybrid of Boot and Program viruses. They infect program files and when
the infected program is executed, these viruses infect the boot record.

Examples: Invader, Flip, and Tequila

Stealth viruses: These viruses use certain techniques to avoid detection. They may either redirect
the disk head to read another sector instead of the one in which they reside or they may alter
the reading of the infected file’s size shown in the directory listing. size given in the directory.

Examples: Frodo, Joshi, Whale

Polymorphic viruses: A virus that can encrypt its code in different ways so that it appears
differently in each infection. These viruses are more difficult to detect.
Examples: Involuntary, Stimulate, Cascade, Phoenix, Evil, Proud, Virus 101

Macro Viruses: A macro virus is a new type of computer virus that infects the macros within a
document or template. When you open a word processing or spreadsheet document, the macro
virus is activated and it infects the Normal template.
Examples: DMV, Nuclear, Word Concept.

Antivirus Software

Software designed to cure virus infected machines. An antivirus is a program that searches for,
identifies and removes potential viruses existing in the computer system
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Examples of Anti-virus software

• Symantec Norton antivirus
• AVG antivirus
• McAfee Scan
• Microsoft Antivirus

Back up your files

As our world becomes more digitized, the files we store on our computers are becoming
increasingly more important. Instead of keeping handwritten letters in a shoebox, we
correspond with family members using e-mail. If we use digital cameras, we often keep our
photo albums on our computers.

Unfortunately, computers (and particularly the hard disk drives that hold your files) can fail. Your
computer might run for a decade with no problems, or it could fail tomorrow—there's no way to
tell. To make sure you don't lose important files if your computer stops working, you should
back up your computer on a regular basis. The backup process copies your files to a safe place so
that even if your computer fails, you won't lose them.
Choose backup storage

It doesn't make sense to back up your files to the hard disk drive inside your computer, because
if your computer were to fail, you would also lose your backup. Instead, you should back up your
files to an external hard disk drive or removable disk drive, such as a CD. If your computer does
fail, you can then connect the external hard disk drive or use the CDs to restore your files to your
new or repaired computer. (This article describes how to back up your files to an external hard
disk drive, which is the easiest way to do a full backup of all your files. If you decide to use CDs,
you'll need to choose which files to back up and then manually insert and remove CDs as they
are filled.)

If you decide to get an external hard disk drive, choose one that is at least as large as the hard
disk drive inside your computer. For example, if your computer has a 100-gigabyte (GB) hard
disk drive, choose a 100-GB or larger external hard disk drive. Then connect the external hard
disk drive to your computer. Make a note of the drive letter (such as E:, F:, or G:) assigned to
your new hard disk drive.

With an external hard disk drive, you can manually back up your files, or you can schedule
automatic weekly backups.

Manually back up your files

To back up your files to an external hard disk drive

1 Click Start, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then click
. Backup. If the Backup option does not appear on the System Tools menu, you can install
it.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

2 The Backup or Restore Wizard appears. Click Next.

.

3 On the Backup or Restore page, click Next.

.
4 On the What to Back Up page, click All information on this . computer, and then click
Next.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

5 On the Backup Type, Destination, and Name page, click Choose a . place to save
your backup, and select your external hard disk drive.
Then click Next.

6 On the Completing the Backup or Restore Wizard page, click Finish.

.
7 Windows Backup saves a copy of your files to your external hard disk . drive. When
the backup is complete, click Close.

If your computer stops responding, you will be able to restore your files to the state they were in
when you completed the backup. However, any new files you have created and any changes you have
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

made to existing files since the backup occurred will not be saved unless you back up your files
again. For best results, back up your files every week or immediately after creating important files,
such as after you copy pictures from your digital camera.

For an additional layer of protection, purchase a second external hard disk drive and perform
another backup of your hard disk drive. Store this external hard disk drive in a different location,
such as at a family member's house, to protect your files from theft, fire, or natural disasters
that might damage both your computer and your backup.

Schedule backups

If you're busy, you might not have time to manually back up your files every week. Fortunately, you
can schedule backups to occur automatically. This takes a few minutes to set up, but once you've
done so, you'll be protected indefinitely.

To schedule a weekly backup

1Click Start, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then click
. Backup. If the Backup option does not appear on the System Tools menu, you can install
it.

2The Backup or Restore Wizard appears. Click Next.

.
3On the Backup or Restore page, click Next.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

.
4On the What to Back Up page, click All information on this computer, . and then click Next.

5On the Backup Type, Destination, and Name page, click Choose a
. place to save your backup, and select your external hard disk drive. Then click Next.

6On the Completing the Backup or Restore Wizard page, click . Advanced.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

7On the Type of Backup page, click Next.

.
8On the How to Back Up page, click Next.

.
9On the Backup Options page, select Replace the existing backups.
. Then click Next.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

1On the When to Back Up page, click Later. In the Job name box, type 0Backup. Then click Set
Schedule.

.
1On the Schedule tab in the Schedule Job dialog box, click the Schedule 1Task list, and then click
Weekly.

.
1In the Start time box, specify a time of day when your computer will not be
2used for several hours, such as 3:00 AM. In the Schedule Task Weekly
. area, select the day of the week you want to back up your files. If you are backing up files
overnight, remember to leave your computer running the night before.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

3Click the Settings tab. Select the Wake the computer to run this task . check box.

4Click OK.
.

5In the Set Account Information dialog box, type your password in both . the Password and
Confirm password fields. Then click OK.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

6On the When to Back Up page, click Next.

.
7In the Set Account Information dialog box, type your password in both . the Password and
Confirm password fields. Then click OK.

8In the Account Information Warning dialog box, click OK.

.
9On the Completing the Backup or Restore Wizard page, click Finish.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Your computer will automatically back up your files to your external hard disk drive every week at
the time you specified.
How to change an installed program
Note You cannot use this feature to modify all programs.
You can use this feature to change the installation of Windows Installer-based programs such as
Microsoft Office XP. Windows Installer-based programs include a Maintenance Mode option. With
this option, you can add or remove features, change the installation state of the program or of
individual components, or repair and restore the installation.

To change a program, follow these steps:

1. Click Start, click Control Panel, and then double-click Add or Remove Programs.
2. In the Currently installed programs box, click the program that you want to remove, and
then click Change or Change/Remove.
3. Follow the instructions that appear on the screen to make the changes that you want.

How to remove an installed program

To remove a program that is installed on your computer, follow these steps:

1. Click Start, click Control Panel, and then double-click Add or Remove Programs.
2. In the Currently installed programs box, click the program that you want to remove, and
then click Remove.
3. If you are prompted to confirm the removal of the program, click Yes.

Troubleshooting

• Make sure that the program that you click in the Add or Remove Programs tool is the
program that you want to remove from your computer. Some programs may not prompt
you to confirm the removal before the program is removed from the computer.
• You can only remove a program with the Add or Remove Programs tool if the program is
written for Windows. If you do not see the program that you want to remove in the
currently installed programs box, view the program documentation for instructions
about how to remove it.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Self Check 3.5-1

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is not.

1. Disk Cleanup can be accessed through Start Menu > Programs > Accessories > System Tools.

2. Temporary Internet files can only be deleted by uninstalling the browser.

3. Scan Disk and Disk Defragmenter can be run more efficiently by temporarily disabling startup items using
MSCONFIG.

4. A computer virus slows down the system, corrupts files, and may cause it to hang frequently.

5. The only source of viruses is downloading software from the internet.

6. "Quarantine" means the virus is completely removed from the system.

7. A polymorphic virus appears differently each time it infects a system.

8. Backing up files to your internal hard disk drive is the safest method.

9. You can schedule your computer to automatically perform weekly backups.

10. You can remove any program from your computer using the "Add or Remove Programs" feature in the
Control Panel.
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

ANSWER KEY:

1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. TRUE
5. FALSE
6. FALSE
7. TRUE
8. FALSE
9. TRUE
10. FALSE
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Task Sheet 3.5-1

Title : Computer System Maintenance

Performance Objective : Given a working personal computer you are going external
& internal parts, install/Update antivirus, scan computer for virus, remove
unwanted files, run disk defragmenter, scandisk, Back-up file using
windows utility, remove unnecessary software, Clear internet history &
temporary files.

Supplies, Tools & Equipment :

• Working PC
• Screw driver
• Anti-virus software
• Paint Brush
• Vacuum cleaner
• Printer
Steps/ Procedure:
1. Shut down computer
2. Be sure to unplug it from power source
3. Remove cables and other peripheral devices
4. Clean Inside and outside parts of the system
5. Connect cables and peripherals
6. Start the computer
7. Install/Update anti-virus program
8. Scan computer for viruses
9. Remove unnecessary programs
10. Clear Internet history and temporary files
11. Run disk cleanup
12. Run desk defragment tool

13. Perform scandisk

14. Let your trainer check your work.

Assessment Method:
Demonstration , Performance Criteria checklist
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Performance Criteria Checklist 3.5-1

CRITERIA Did Ye s No
you…
Shut down computer

Unplug from power source

Removed cables and other peripheral device

Cleaned Inside and outside parts of the system

Re-connected cables and peripherals

Started the computer

Installed/Updated anti-virus program

Scanned computer for viruses

Removed unnecessary programs

Cleared Internet history and temporary files

Ran disk cleanup

Ran desk defragment tool

Performed scandisk

Followed safety procedures

 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

ASSESSMENT PLAN
INSTITUTIONAL EVALUATION

TRAINEES NAME

FACILATATORS NAME

QUALIFICATION

PROJECT-BASED Operate Personal Computer

ASSESSMENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY Operating Personal Computer
COVERED

Ways in which evidence will be collected:

[tick the column]

The evidence must show that the candidate……

Selected appropriate hardware and software according to task

assigned and required outcome
Planned task to ensure that OH and S guidelines and
procedures followed
Followed Client-specific guidelines and procedures

Applied required data security guidelines in accordance with

existing procedures
Entered data into the computer using appropriate
program/application in accordance with company procedure
Checked accuracy of information and information saved in
accordance with standard operating procedures
Stored inputted data in storage media according to requirements

Performed work within ergonomic guidelines

Selected correct program/application based on job requirements

Accessed program/application containing the information

required according to company procedures
Selected, opened and closed desktop icons correctly for
navigation purposes
Carried out keyboard techniques in line with OHS requirements
for safe use of keyboards
Processed entered data using appropriate software commands

Printed data as required using computer hardware/peripheral

devices in accordance with standard operating procedures
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Transferred files and data between compatible systems using

computer software, hardware/peripheral devices in accordance
with standard operating procedures
Established information requirements for Internet search

Launched browser

Loaded search engine

 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

DEMONSTRATION CHECKLIST
TRAINEE’S NAME

TRAINER’S NAME

QUALIFICATION

UNIT OF COMPETENCY COVERED

DATE OF EVALUATION

TIME OF EVALUATION

INSTRUCTIONS FOR DEMONSTRATION

Given the necessary materials, tools and equipment, the trainee must be able to perform the following within four (2)
hours
1. Search Occupational Health and Safety Procedure in the net.
2. Copy and save OHS procedure to MS Word.
3. Create a presentation on OHS Procedure.

4. Send you Document and presentation to tungpalanmaryajne@yahoo.com.

Materials & Equipment Pencil, Bond paper, Eraser, Ruler, Triangle.
Observation: / to show if evidence is
demonstrated
Yes No N/A

Determined requirements of tasks in accordance with the required

output
Selected appropriate hardware and software according to task
assigned and required outcome
Planned task to ensure that OH and S guidelines and procedures
followed
Followed Client-specific guidelines and procedures

Applied required data security guidelines in accordance with

existing procedures
Entered data into the computer using appropriate
program/application in accordance with company procedure
Checked accuracy of information and information saved in
accordance with standard operating procedures
Stored inputted data in storage media according to requirements

Performed work within ergonomic guidelines

Selected correct program/application based on job requirements

Accessed program/application containing the information required

according to company procedures
Selected, opened and closed desktop icons correctly for navigation
purposes
Carried out keyboard techniques in line with OHS requirements for
safe use of keyboards
Processed entered data using appropriate software commands
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Printed data as required using computer hardware/peripheral

devices in accordance with standard operating procedures
Transferred files and data between compatible systems using
computer software, hardware/peripheral devices in accordance
with standard operating procedures
Established information requirements for Internet search

Launched browser

Loaded search engine

INTERVIEW QUESTION CHECKLIST

QUESTIONS Satisfactory response
YES NO

1. What is the difference between desktop and laptop computer.

2. What is system software?

3. What is an Operating system?

Feedback to the Candidate:

The trainee’s overall performance was:

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Trainee’s Signature Date

Facilitator signature Date

 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

Witten Test:

MULTIPLE CHOICE:

Direction: Select the best answer of the given choices.

1. These are almost extinct today.

a. Analog Computer
b. Hybrid Computer
c. Mainframe Computer
d. Microcomputer
2. Large organizations use mainframes for highly critical applications such as bulk
data processing and ERP.
a. Analog Computer
b. Hybrid Computer
c. Mainframe Computer
d. Microcomputer
3. These computers are a combination of both digital and analog computers.
a. Analog Computer
b. Hybrid Computer
c. Mainframe Computer
d. Microcomputer
4. The highly calculation-intensive tasks can be effectively performed by this kind
of computer.
a. Analog Computer
b. Hybrid Computer
c. Mainframe Computer
d. Supercomputer
5. It is a handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop.
a. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
b. Minicomputers
c. Supercomputers
d. Wearable Computers
6. They look like a floppy disk, but they are a little thicker. This disk also comes in a
variety of colors and holds about 200 MB of data.
a. CD
b. Zip Disk
c. Hard Disk
d. DVD

7. These discs hold the space of about 4.7 GB and are used to record movies on.
a. DVD – R Disc
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

b. CD – R Disc
c. CD + RW Disc
d. Zip Disk
8. This is a disk drive in which a plastic or metal case surrounds the hard drive. It
can be inserted and removed just like a floppy disk. It holds about 2 GB of data.
a. Internet Hard Drive
b. Flash Drive
c. Removable Hard Drive
d. Storage Tape
9. This is a rectangular shaped disk that is used mostly with digital cameras and
notebook computers. They hold approximately 128 MB as well.
a. Miniature Mobile Storage Media
b. Memory Stick
c. Micro Drive
d. Smart Media Disc
10. This storage device that comes in many colors and has a stick shape to it. They
are very small in size, but they can hold anywhere between 256 MB and 16 GB
of material on them.
a. Flash Drive
b. Memory Stick
c. Micro Drive
d. Smart Media Disc
 lOMoARcPSD|522 3411 8

COMPETENCY EVALUATION RESULT SUMMARY

TRAINEES NAME

FACILITATORS NAME

QUALIFICATION

DATE OF EVALUATION

TIME OF EVALUATION

The Performance of the Trainee in the following assessment methods Satisfa tory Not Satisfactory
Please Tick appropriate box]
A. Written Exam

B. Interview Facilitator

C. Demonstration

Did the trainees overall performance meet the required evidences/standards?

Recommendation

For re-evaluation
Qualified to take the Next Competency

General comments [Strengths/Improvement Needed]

Trainee’s Signature Date:

Facilitator’s Signature: Date: