1.
Contradictions Within the Qur’an
A divine book is expected to be free from contradictions. However, several verses in the
Qur’an seem to contradict each other.
Freedom of Religion vs. Coercion
“There is no compulsion in religion.” (Qur’an 2:256)
“Fight those who do not believe in Allah... until they pay the Jizyah with willing
submission and feel themselves subdued.” (Qur’an 9:29)
These verses conflict in tone and instruction. One promotes tolerance; the other seems
to command fighting non-believers unless they submit. While Muslims argue these
verses refer to different contexts (peace vs. war), a perfect book should provide
consistent moral guidance.
Alcohol
Initially, alcohol was seen as potentially beneficial: “They ask you about wine and
gambling. Say, 'In them is great sin and [yet, some] benefit for people.'” (2:219)
Later, it was forbidden: “Intoxicants and gambling... are abominations of Satan’s
handiwork. So avoid them.” (5:90)
This “gradual revelation” makes sense historically, but raises a problem for the claim
that the Qur’an is an unchanging, perfect book from eternity.
2. Scientific Errors in the Qur’an
Islam is often presented as scientifically advanced. But several Qur’anic verses contain
descriptions that conflict with modern science:
Embryology
“We created man from a drop of fluid, then a clot, then a lump...” (Qur’an 23:14)
This matches ancient Greek ideas from Galen, not modern embryology. A fertilized egg
never becomes a "clot of blood."
Setting of the Sun
“Until, when he reached the setting of the sun, he found it setting in a muddy spring.”
(Qur’an 18:86)
Some argue it's a metaphor, but the plain reading implies a physical description, which
scientifically makes no sense. The sun doesn’t set in a pond.
A divine book would not reflect outdated, human-level understanding of nature.
3. Moral Concerns from the Hadith and Qur’an
Many teachings raise ethical questions when judged by modern standards.
Wife Beating
“As to those women on whose part you fear disobedience... beat them.” (Qur’an 4:34)
Supporters claim it’s a light tap, but the word "beat" (Arabic: idribuhunna) is clear. A
truly just and loving God wouldn’t instruct any form of domestic violence.
Apostasy and Blasphemy
According to Sahih Bukhari (9:84:57), Muhammad said: “Whoever changes his religion,
kill him.”
This is supported in Islamic law across centuries. Punishing people for leaving a religion
contradicts basic human freedom and reason.
4. Prophethood of Muhammad: Historical Concerns
Marriage to Aisha
Sahih Bukhari (7:62:64) states Aisha was six when married and nine when the marriage
was consummated.
This is difficult to reconcile with the claim that Muhammad is the perfect moral example
for all time.
Warfare and Booty
“Allah has made it lawful for you to take spoils of war.” (Qur’an 8:69)
Muhammad personally participated in and benefited from battles. Critics argue this
aligns more with a warlord than a prophet of peace.
5. The Challenge of the Qur’an
Muslims claim no one can imitate the Qur’an’s style or content (Qur’an 2:23). But many
Arabic poets and writers have composed verses in similar rhyme and rhythm. Just
because something is hard to imitate doesn’t make it divine — no one can replicate
Shakespeare, but that doesn’t make him a prophet.
Conclusion
From contradictions and outdated science to morally troubling teachings and
questionable historical actions, Islam — when examined from its own texts — reveals
signs of human origin. While many Muslims find deep meaning and community in their
faith, the claim that Islam is a perfect, divine system doesn't hold up under logical,
internal scrutiny. As with any belief system, honest questioning and open dialogue are
essential for finding truth.
