DRUG STUDY
DRUG MECHANISM INDICATION FREQUENC SIDE NURSING
OF ACTION Y EFFECT RESPONSIBI
LITIES
Generic -Inhibit the -Relief of mild Dose: -Monitor pain
Name:Parace enzyme to moderate Q4 levels and
tamol cyclooxygen pain, such as temperature
Other ase (COX), headaches, Dosage: to assess the
muscle 300 mg effectiveness
particularly
Names:Aceta aches, of
minophen
COX-2, in arthritis, Route: paracetamol.
(North the central backaches, Intravenous -Evaluate for
America) nervous toothaches, infusion any history of
system. colds, and liver disease
Chemical menstrual or alcohol
Formula:C8H -Activation cramps. use, which
9NO2 of could
Descending -Reduction of increase the
Therapeutic Serotonergic fever. risk of
Class:Analge Pathways hepatotoxicity
sic (pain -Check for
reliever) and any allergies
Antipyretic
-Interaction to
(fever with paracetamol.
reducer) Cannabinoid -Ensure
Receptors correct
Pharmacologi dosage and
c Class: frequency to
avoid
overdose.
-Administer
with food or
milk to
minimize
gastrointestin
al discomfort.
-Monitor liver
function tests
in patients on
long-term
paracetamol
therapy or
those with
risk factors
for liver
disease.
-Observe for
signs of
overdose,
such as
abdominal
pain,
jaundice, and
confusion,
and initiate
appropriate
emergency
treatment if
suspected.
-Educate
patients on
the
importance of
not
exceeding
the
recommende
d dose.
-Instruct
patients to
avoid using
multiple
products
containing
paracetamol
simultaneousl
y.
-Advise on
the potential
signs of liver
damage and
the
importance of
seeking
medical help
if these
occur.
-Document
any side
effects and
the actions
taken in
response.
DRUG MECHANISM INDICATION FREQUENC SIDE NURSING
OF ACTION Y EFFECT RESPONSIBI
LITIES
Generic Inhibition of -Short-term Dose: Gastrointestin -Assess the
Name: Cyclooxygen Management al issues: patient's pain
ketorolac ase (COX) of Moderate Dosage: Nausea, levels and
Enzymes: to Severe vomiting, response to
Brand Name: Ketorolac Acute Pain Route: dyspepsia, previous
Toradol non- gastrointestin analgesics.
selectively al pain. -Evaluate for
Therapeutic inhibits both any history of
Class: COX-1 and CNS: gastrointestin
Analgesic, COX-2 Drowsiness, al, renal, or
Nonsteroidal enzymes, dizziness, cardiovascula
Anti- reducing the headache. r disease,
inflammatory production of which may
Drug prostaglandin Renal: increase the
s. COX-2 Increased risk of side
Pharmacologi inhibition is serum effects.
c Class: primarily creatinine, -Review the
Nonsteroidal responsible acute renal patient’s
Anti- for its anti- failure medication
inflammatory inflammatory (especially in history to
Drug and analgesic at-risk avoid
(NSAID), effects, while populations). potential drug
Acetic Acid COX-1 interactions.
Derivative inhibition can -Ensure
lead to proper dosing
gastrointestin and route of
al and renal administratio
side effects. n, taking into
account
patient-
specific
factors (e.g.,
age, renal
function).
-Administer
IM or IV
doses slowly
to minimize
adverse
reactions.
-Transition to
oral therapy
as soon as
feasible to
limit
parenteral
administratio
n duration.
-Inform
patients
about the
potential side
effects and
the
importance of
not
exceeding
the
prescribed
dose.
-Advise
patients to
avoid
concurrent
use of other
NSAIDs or
anticoagulant
s unless
directed by a
healthcare
provider.
-Encourage
patients to
report any
signs of
gastrointestin
al bleeding
(e.g., black or
bloody stools,
vomiting
blood),
cardiovascula
r symptoms
(e.g., chest
pain,
shortness of
breath), or
signs of
hypersensitivi
ty
-Monitor for
signs of
gastrointestin
al distress,
renal
impairment,
and allergic
reactions.
-Check blood
pressure
regularly due
to the risk of
hypertension.
-Assess renal
function
periodically,
especially in
patients with
predisposing
risk factors.
DRUG MECHANISM INDICATION FREQUENC SIDE NURSING
OF ACTION Y EFFECT RESPONSIBI
LITIES
Generic a proton -Used for Dose: -Evaluate for
Name: pump Gastroesoph history of GI
Omeprazole inhibitor (PPI) ageal Reflux Dosage: bleeding or
that works by Disease other
Brand Name: irreversibly (GERD), Route: gastrointestin
Prilosec inhibiting the Zollinger- al disorders.
H+/K+ Ellison -Monitor for
Therapeutic ATPase Syndrome signs and
Class: enzyme and Peptic symptoms of
Antiulcer (proton Ulcer potential
agent pump) in the Disease. adverse
parietal cells -sho reactions,
of the such as
Pharmacologi stomach. Clostridium
c Class: difficile-
Proton pump associated
inhibitor (PPI) diarrhea.
-Assess the
patient's
magnesium
levels
periodically,
especially
with long-
term use.
-Administer
omeprazole
before meals,
preferably in
the morning.
-Ensure that
capsules are
swallowed
whole and
not crushed
or chewed;
for patients
who cannot
swallow
capsules,
provide
instructions
on how to mix
the
medication
with
applesauce
or administer
via feeding
tubes if
appropriate.
-Instruct
patients to
take the
medication as
prescribed,
even if they
feel better
before
completing
the course.
-Advise
patients to
avoid alcohol,
NSAIDs, and
foods that
may increase
stomach acid
production.
-Educate
patients
about the
potential
long-term
side effects,
such as bone
fractures and
vitamin B12
deficiency,
and
encourage
them to
discuss these
risks with
their
healthcare
provider.
-Inform
patients to
report any
signs of
severe
gastrointestin
al symptoms,
such as
persistent
diarrhea or
abdominal
pain,
immediately.
-Regularly
monitor for
relief of
symptoms,
such as
heartburn
and pain.
-Monitor
magnesium
levels,
especially in
patients on
long-term
therapy or
those
concurrently
taking other
medications
that cause
hypomagnes
emia.
-Assess for
any signs of
adverse
effects,
particularly in
long-term
users,
including
bone density
tests if
necessary.
DRUG MECHANISM INDICATION FREQUENC SIDE NURSING
OF ACTION Y EFFECT RESPONSIBI
LITIES
Generic -Anti- Hydrocortison Dose: -Gout: Used -Obtain a
Name: inflammatory e was for the thorough
Hydrocortison Action: indicated to: Dosage: treatment and medical
e Inhibiting - Endocrine prevention of history,
multiple Disorders: Route: acute gout including
Brand Name: inflammatory Adrenal flares. current
Cortef, Solu- cytokines, insufficiency -Familial medications,
Cortef, leading to (e.gAddison's Mediterranea allergies, and
Hydrocortone decreased disease). n Fever any history of
, and others edema, fibrin -Rheumatic (FMF): Used infections or
deposition, Disorders: to prevent chronic
Therapeutic capillary Rheumatoid attacks and illnesses.
Class: Anti- leakage, and arthritis, control the -Monitor vital
inflammatory, migration of osteoarthritis. chronic signs,
corticosteroid inflammatory -Collagen inflammatory especially
cells. Diseases: condition. blood
Pharmacologi - Systemic -Pericarditis: pressure and
c Class: Immunosuppr lupus Can be used blood glucose
Glucocorticoi essive erythematosu as part of the levels.
d Effects: s. treatment -Assess for
Suppressing - regimen. signs of
the immune Dermatologic -Behçet's infection,
response by Diseases: Disease: given the
inhibiting the Severe Sometimes immunosuppr
activity of the psoriasis, used to essive nature
immune cells. dermatitis. manage of
-Metabolic -Allergic symptoms. hydrocortison
Effects: States: -Off-label e.
Influencing Severe Uses: May -Monitor
carbohydrate, allergic include weight and
protein, and reactions, prophylaxis of fluid balance
fat asthma. recurrent to detect
metabolism, -Ophthalmic pericarditis edema.
maintaining Diseases: and treatment -Administer
blood glucose Severe of other oral doses
levels, and inflammatory inflammatory with food to
promoting conditions of conditions. minimize
gluconeogen the eye. gastrointestin
esis. -Respiratory al upset.
Diseases: -Administer
Severe IV doses
asthma, slowly to
chronic avoid
obstructive adverse
pulmonary reactions.
disease -Apply topical
(COPD) forms as
exacerbation prescribed,
s. ensuring the
- area is clean
Gastrointestin and dry
al Diseases: before
Ulcerative application.
colitis, -Educate
Crohn's patients on
disease. the proper
-Hematologic use of rectal
Disorders: formulations
Various blood if prescribed.
dyscrasias. -Instruct
Neoplastic patients to
Diseases: take the
Palliative medication
management exactly as
of leukemias prescribed
and and not to
lymphomas. stop abruptly,
-Edematous especially
States: To with long-
induce term use, to
diuresis or avoid adrenal
remission of insufficiency.
proteinuria in -Advise on
the nephrotic the potential
syndrome. side effects
and the
importance of
reporting
unusual
symptoms,
such as signs
of infection,
black or tarry
stools, or
sudden
weight gain.
-Encourage
patients to
maintain a
healthy diet
and engage
in weight-
bearing
exercises to
counteract
potential
bone loss.
-Inform
diabetic
patients to
closely
monitor their
blood glucose
levels and
report any
significant
changes.
-Regularly
check blood
pressure,
blood
glucose, and
electrolyte
levels.
-Monitor bone
density
periodically in
patients on
long-term
therapy.
-Observe
signs of
Cushing's
syndrome,
such as
moon face,
central
obesity, and
purple striae.
-Evaluate the
effectiveness
of the
medication in
managing the
condition for
which it was
prescribed.
DRUG MECHANISM INDICATION FREQUENC SIDE NURSING
OF ACTION Y EFFECT RESPONSIBI
LITIES
Generic Inhibition of -Gout: Used Dose: -Monitor for
Name: Microtubule for the signs of
Colchicine Polymerizatio treatment and Dosage: gastrointestin
n: Colchicine prevention of al distress, as
Brand Name: binds to acute gout Route: this is the
Colcrys, tubulin, flares. most
Mitigare, preventing -Familial common side
Gloperba the formation Mediterranea effect.
of n Fever -Check for
Therapeutic microtubules. (FMF): Used symptoms of
Class: This disrupts to prevent toxicity, such
Antigout the function attacks and as muscle
agent of control the pain,
inflammatory chronic weakness,
Pharmacologi cells, inflammatory tingling or
c Class: particularly condition. numbness in
Alkaloid neutrophils, -Pericarditis: fingers or
by inhibiting Can be used toes, unusual
their as part of the bleeding or
migration and treatment bruising.
phagocytosis. regimen. -Regularly
-Behçet's assess renal
Reduction of Disease: and hepatic
Inflammation: Sometimes function,
By interfering used to especially in
with manage long-term
microtubules, symptoms. use.
colchicine -Off-label -Instruct
reduces the Uses: May patients to
inflammatory include take
response to prophylaxis of colchicine
urate crystals recurrent exactly as
in gout. pericarditis prescribed
and treatment and not to
of other exceed the
inflammatory recommende
conditions. d dose.
-Inform
patients
about the
potential side
effects and
advise them
to report
severe or
unusual
symptoms
immediately.
-Educate
patients
about the
importance of
maintaining
adequate
hydration.
-Advise
patients on
the
importance of
avoiding
grapefruit
juice, which
can increase
colchicine
levels and
risk of
toxicity.
-Administer
with or
without food,
but with a full
glass of water
to minimize
gastrointestin
al upset.
-Ensure
proper timing
of doses,
especially in
acute gout
flares.
-Avoid
concomitant
use with
other
medications
that can
increase the
risk of
myopathy or
colchicine
toxicity
unless
necessary,
and monitor
closely if
used
together.
-Regular
blood tests to
monitor for
hematological
side effects.
-Periodic
assessment
of renal and
liver function
tests.
-Monitor for
drug
interactions,
particularly
with
cytochrome
P450 3A4
inhibitors and
P-
glycoprotein
inhibitors, as
these can
increase the
risk of
colchicine
toxicity.
