Woche 1 & 2 - Uns geht’s gut - We’re good.

(More
casual) 2nd person plural (Ihr)
- Uns geht es nicht so gut. - We are Wie heißt ihr? – What are your names?
Grüßen – Greetings not doing so well. - Wir heißen Arno und Sethu.
- Uns geht’s schlecht. - We’re feeling Woher kommt ihr? - Where are you all from?
Hallo! bad. - Wir kommen aus Deutschland.
Guten Tag. Wo wohnt ihr? – Where do you all live?
Guten Morgen Sich vorstellen – Introducing oneself
Guten Abend. 2nd person plural (Sie)
2nd person singular (du) Wie heißt Sie? – What are your names?
2nd person singular (du) Wie heißt du? – What is your name? - Wir heißen Arno und Sethu.
Hallo, wie geht es dir? (Oder) Wie geht’s dir? - Ich heiße Arno - Wir heißen [Group name]
– How are you? - Mein name ist Arno. Woher kommen Sie? - Where are you all
- Es geht mir gut. - I’m doing well Wer bist du? – Who are you? from?
- DON’T SAY: “ICH BIN GUT” Woher kommst du? - Where are you from? Wo wohnen Sie? – Where do you all live?
- Mir geht es gut, und dir? - I’m doing - Ich komme aus Südafrika.
well and you? - Ich komme aus Deutschland, aber Verabschieden – Saying goodbye
- Mir geht es nicht so gut. – I am not so ich bin jetzt in Stellenbosch. - I
good. come from Germany, but I am now Tschüss! → Bye!
Wie geht’s dir? in Stellenbosch Auf Wiedersehen! → Goodbye!
Wo wohnst du? – Where do you live? Bis bald! → See you soon!
2nd person singular (Formell) (Sie) Welche Sprachen sprichst du? - What Mach’s gut! → Take care!
Bis später! → See you later!
Wie geht es Ihnen? – How are you? languages do you speak?
Bis dann! → See you then!
- Es geht mir gut, und Ihnen? - I am Bis gleich! → See you in a moment!
good, and you? - formal 2nd person singular (Formell) (Sie)
Wie heißt Sie? – What is your name?
2nd person plural (Ihr) Woher kommen Sie? - Where are you from?
Wie geht es euch? – How are you all? Wo wohnen Sie? – Where do you live?
- Uns geht es gut. - We are fine. Wer sind Sie? – Who are you?
 Deutsche Fragewörter im Nominativ
German Question Words in the Nominative Case

1. Interrogative Pronouns (Fragepronomen)

Definition: Interrogative pronouns replace a noun
and are used to ask about a person or thing.
• These act as the subject or object of a sentence.
• Wer? (Who?) is used for people.
• Was? (What?) is used for things.

2. Interrogative Adverbs (Frageadverbien)

Definition: Interrogative adverbs modify the verb in
a sentence and ask about manner, time, place, or
reason.
• Used for asking about circumstances, location, or
reason (e.g., Wie? (How?), Warum? (Why?), Wo?
(Where?)).

3. Interrogative Determiners (Frageartikel)

Definition: Interrogative determiners work like
adjectives because they modify a noun.
• Used when choosing between options (e.g.,
Welcher? Welche? Welches?)

Focus for now:

Wie? (How?) Woher? (Where from?)
Welche? (Which?). Wo? (Where?)
Was? (What?). Wer? (Who?)
 Verbkonjugation – Verb Conjugation (Present tense)

• Verb conjugation is the process of changing a verb form to match the subject of a sentence in terms of person, number, tense,
and mood
• In German, verbs are categorized into regular (weak) verbs and irregular (strong) verbs. The pattern in the table only applies to
regular verbs because they follow a fixed conjugation pattern in the present tense.
• The infinitive form of a verb is its basic, unchanged form, as found in the dictionary. It does not indicate a subject, tense, or
number. In English, infinitives are usually written as “to + verb”. In German it always ends in -en or -n (e.g., lernen, essen,
gehen).

How Regular Verbs Work Why This Pattern Does Not Apply to Irregular Verbs
✔ Regular (weak) verbs always follow the same predictable
pattern: ✖ Irregular (strong) verbs do not follow this pattern because they
1. Remove -en from the infinitive (e.g., lernen → lern-). undergo stem changes or have completely diWerent forms in some
2. Add the standard endings: conjugations.

1. Stem Vowel Changes:

• Many irregular verbs change their vowel in the du and er/sie/es
forms.
• Example: sprechen (to speak)
• Ich spreche (I speak) ✔ (Regular form)
• Du sprichst (You speak) ✖ (Vowel change: e → i)
• Er/sie/es spricht (He/she/it speaks) ✖ (Vowel change: e → i)
• Wir sprechen (We speak)
✔ (Regular form)
(Heiße only adds -t with er/sie/es)
2. Completely DiWerent
Conjugation:
• Some highly irregular verbs
change more drastically.
• Example: sein (to be)
 Subjektpronomen und das entsprechende indirekte Objektpronomen
- Subject pronouns and the corresponding indirect object pronoun

What is a Subject Pronoun?

• A subject pronoun is a pronoun that replaces the subject of a sentence—the person or thing performing the action.
• In English, subject pronouns are: I, you, he, she, it, we, you (plural), they.
• In German, subject pronouns are in the nominative case and indicate who or what is doing the action in a sentence.
• A subject pronoun replaces a noun that is the subject of a sentence (the doer of the action). It comes before the verb in
German.

Examples in Sentences
1. Ich lerne Deutsch.
(I am learning German.)
• “Ich” (I) is the subject of the sentence.
2. Du spielst Fußball.
(You play soccer.)
• “Du” (you) is the subject.
3. Er liest ein Buch.
(He is reading a book.)
• “Er” (he) is the subject.
4. Wir wohnen in Berlin.
(We live in Berlin.)
• “Wir” (we) is the subject.
5. Sie kommen aus Frankreich.
(They come from France.)
• “Sie” (they) is the subject.
What is an Indirect Object Pronoun?
- An indirect object pronoun (dative pronoun in German) refers to the recipient of an action—the person or thing
that receives something indirectly in a sentence.
- It answers the question “To whom?” or “For whom?” something is given, told, shown, etc.

Examples in Sentences
Ich gebe dir das Buch.
(I give you the book.)
• “dir” (to you) is the indirect object
pronoun because it answers “To whom do
I give the book?”
2. Er zeigt ihr sein neues Auto.
(He shows her his new car.)
• “ihr” (to her) is the indirect object
pronoun, meaning “to whom does he
show his car?”
3. Sie schreibt mir eine Nachricht.
(She writes me a message.)
• “mir” (to me) is the indirect object
pronoun, indicating who receives the
message.
4. Wir schicken euch eine Einladung.
(We send you all an invitation.)
• “euch” (to you all) is the indirect object
pronoun because it answers “To whom do
we send the invitation?”
Bestimmter Artikel – der / die / das (Nominativ) Unbestimmter Artikel (ein / eine)
Definite article. (The) Indefinite article

In German, the definite article (“the”) changes depending on the The indefinite article (unbestimmter Artikel) is used when
gender and number of the noun. Unlike English, which uses only referring to a non-specific person, place, or thing—similar to
“the”, German has diYerent forms: “a” or “an” in English.
Unlike definite articles (which refer to a specific noun),
When learning vocabulary, always learn what the definite article indefinite articles refer to something general or unknown.
of the noun is in tandem.