AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not

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QUESTIONSHEET 1 margin

The diagram shows some of the cell structures involved in the secretion of an extracellular enzyme.
C
D B

(a) Identify A, B, C, and D.

A: .......................................... B: ..................................... C: ................................... D: ....................................

[4]
(b) Outline the role of each of the following in this process.

(i) A:

...........................................................................................................................................................................
Controls all cell activities
Site of transcription during protein synthesis
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) B:

...........................................................................................................................................................................
Site of protein synthesis that contains 80s ribosomes

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iii) C:

...........................................................................................................................................................................
Store enzymes and transport it

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iv) D:

...........................................................................................................................................................................
Modify proteins and package them into vesicles

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]

TOTAL / 12
AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not
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QUESTIONSHEET 2 margin

The diagram shows a cell from the proximal (first) convoluted tubule in the nephron of the kidney.

(a) Label two features on the diagram that help the cell to take up glucose from the glomerular filtrate.

[2]

(b) Explain how the two features of the cell help in the uptake of glucose from the glomerular filtrate.

1. ........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]

2. ........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]

TOTAL / 6
AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not
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QUESTIONSHEET 3 margin

The diagram shows a voluntary motor neuron.

(a) State one way in which (i) an autonomic motor neurone, and (ii) a sensory neurone differ in structure from the
voluntary motor neurone.

(i) ................................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) .................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b)Explain how each of the following features increase the efficiency of nerve impulse transmission.

(i) myelinated axon.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) Nissl granules

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[3]

TOTAL / 8
AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not
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QUESTIONSHEET 4 margin

The diagram shows the structure of a chloroplast.

.......................................
A

B
.............................

C
...............................

D
.......................................

E .......................................

(a) Name structures labelled A to E on the diagram.

[5]

(b) Describe where in the chloroplast:

(i) the light dependent reaction takes place.

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(ii) the light independent reaction takes place.

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]

(c) Describe three similarities in the structure of chloroplasts and mitochondria.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(d) Suggest why each of the following are present in both chloroplasts and mitochondria.

(i) phosphorylase enzymes.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) ribosomes.

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]

TOTAL / 13
AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not
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QUESTIONSHEET 5 margin

The table below compares the process of diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport. Complete the table
by filling in the blanks, using the words ‘yes’ or ‘no’.

Process

Description Simple Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport

Is ATP required? No

Are protein carrier No Yes

molecules involved?

Direction of transport Yes

is always down
concentration gradient

[5]

TOTAL / 5
AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not
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QUESTIONSHEET 6 margin
The table below describes the structure and function of organelles in eukaryotic cells. Complete the table by
filling in the empty boxes A, B, C, D and E

Organelle Structure/Feature Function of feature

A

Nucleus Nucleoli present

B C
Inner membrane folded into
cristae

D
Vesicles containing Breakdown of old organelles.
hydrolytic enzyme Cell lysis.

E
Consists of hattened
Consists of flattened
Smooth endoplasmic
membrane-bound sacs
reticulum membrane- bound sacs
called cistennae
called cisternae

TOTAL / 5
AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not
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QUESTIONSHEET 7 margin

The table below refers to a bacterial cell, a liver cell and a palisade mesophyll cell and to the structures which
may be found inside them.

If a feature is present in the cell, place a tick (ü) in the appropriate box and if a feature is absent from the cell,
place a cross (×) in the appropriate box.

Feature Bacterial cell Liver cell Palisade cell

Nuclear membrane

Vacuole

Cell wall

Microvilli

Chloroplasts

Mesosomes

Glycogen granules

TOTAL / 7
AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not
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QUESTIONSHEET 8 margin

The diagram below shows some of the components of the plasma membrane.

(a) (i) Using the information shown and your own knowledge, draw a diagram to show the structure of the
plasma membrane.

[3]

(ii) On your diagram label the components drawn and indicate the outer surface of the membrane. [5]

(b) State two functions of the proteins in the plasma membrane.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Explain how the following substances cross the plasma membrane.

(i) carbon dioxide.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) glucose.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]

TOTAL / 14
AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not
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QUESTIONSHEET 9 margin

The diagram below shows the structure of a mitochondrion.

A
B

X C

(a) Name structures A to E.

A: .......................................... B: ..................................... C: ................................... D: ....................................

E: ........................................... [5]

(b) State where the following are situated in the mitochondrion.

(i) The enzymes involved with oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport.

............................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The enzymes involved with the Krebs cycle.

............................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Why does the the mitochondrion contain RNA?

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) The magnification of the diagram is 130,000 times. Calculate the actual length of the mitochondrion.
Express your answer in µm. Make your measurements along the axis XY.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]

TOTAL / 11
AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not
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QUESTIONSHEET 10 margin

The diagram below shows an electron micrograph of a cell.

A
B

E
C

D
F

(a) Name the parts labelled A, B, C, D, E and F.

A: ............................................................................... D: ............................................................................

B: ............................................................................... E: ............................................................................

C: ............................................................................... F: ............................................................................
[6]

(b) What evidence can be seen in the diagram that suggests that the cell is:

(i) metabolically active and involved in secretion of enzymes.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) involved in production or modification of lipids?

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]

TOTAL / 10
AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not
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QUESTIONSHEET 11 margin

The figure shows the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane.

B
A

(a) State the approximate width of the membrane.

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]

(b) Identify,

(i) A.

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]

(ii) B.

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]

(iii) C.

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]

(c)(i) Explain why the membrane may be described as fluid.

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(ii) Distinguish each of the following pairs.

1. exocytosis and endocytosis.

...................................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................
[2]

2. phagocytosis and pinocytosis.

...................................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................
[2]

TOTAL / 9
AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not
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QUESTIONSHEET 12 margin

The diagram shows part of the cell-surface membrane of a cell from the small intestine. Molecule Y acts as a
cell-surface receptor for growth hormone.

Phospholipid
bilayer

Molecule Y

(a) State the likely nature of molecule Y.

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]

(b) State the approximate length of molecule Y.

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]

(c) Explain why molecule Y is only able to recognise growth hormone.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]

(d) Suggest why pygmies are unable to achieve normal growth despite producing ‘normal’ amounts of growth
hormone.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]

TOTAL / 5
AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not
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QUESTIONSHEET 13 margin

The graph below shows the rate of movement of solute molecules across a plasma membrane by simple diffusion
and facilitated diffusion.

X
Y

Rate of
transport

Concentration of solute

(a) Which type of uptake is shown by line Y. Explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) State two factors which may limit the rate of simple diffusion.

1: ........................................................................................................................................................................

2: .................................................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Explain how the concentration of ions such as sodium and chloride are kept at high levels outside cells but
low levels within.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[3]

TOTAL / 8
AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not
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QUESTIONSHEET 14 margin

The diagram below shows a vertical section through a simple columnar epithelium.

A
(a) (i) Name structures A to E.

A: .................................................. B: ............................................... C: ..........................................

D: .................................................. E: ............................................... [5]

(ii) State two sites in the body where this type of epithelium can be found.

1: .............................................................................. 2: .........................................................................
[2]

(iii) What are the functions of D and E?

D: ........................................................................................................................................................... [2]

E: ........................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) (i) How does a compound epithelium differ from a simple epithelium?

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Name two types of compound epithelium and state one site in the body where each is found.

1. Name: ................................................................. Site: ...................................................................

2. Name ................................................................. Site: ...................................................................

[4]

TOTAL / 16
AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not
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QUESTIONSHEET 15 margin

The drawing below shows the ultrastructure of E. coli.

A ................................................
slime capsule

B ................................................
cytoplasm

C ................................................
glycogen
granules or
lipid droplets D ................................................

E .................................................

(a) (i) Label structures A to E on the drawing.

[5]

(ii) State a function of part D.

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]

(iii) What term is given to this bacterial shape?

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]

(b) List three ways in which prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells.

1 .........................................................................................................................................................................

2 .........................................................................................................................................................................

3 .........................................................................................................................................................................
[3]

TOTAL / 10
AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not
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QUESTIONSHEET 16 margin

The cells drawn below are from the vascular bundle of a flowering plant.

C
A

(a) (i) Name the tissues from which these cells are taken.

Cell A: .................................................................. Cells B and C: ............................................................

[2]

(ii) Name cell types A, B and C.

A: .............................................. B: ............................................. C: ...................................................

[3]

(iii) What is structure D?

....................................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) (i) Suggest three ways in which the cell A is suited to perform its functions.

1 ............................................................................................................................................................. [1]

2 ............................................................................................................................................................. [1]

3 ............................................................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) State two structural differences between cells B and C.

1 .................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................... [1]

2 .................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Cell A is magnified 750 times. By measuring between the lines indicating the ends of the cell, calculate
the actual length of the cell. Show your working.

Answer ................................... [3]

TOTAL / 14
AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not
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QUESTIONSHEET 17 margin

The diagrams below show two types of plant tissue which perform different functions in the plant.

Tissue A Tissue B

A
B
nucleus
C

vacuole

cytoplasm
tonoplast

(a) (i) Identify tissue A:

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]

(ii) State the main function of this type of tissue.

....................................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) How is the structure of the tissue suited to its functions?

...........................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) (i) Identify tissue B:

....................................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Name parts A, B and C.

A: ..................................................... B: ............................................... C: .............................................

[3]

(iii) What is the main function of this tissue?

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]

(iv) How is the structure of this tissue suited to its function?

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[3]

TOTAL / 13
AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not
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QUESTIONSHEET 18 margin

The diagram below illustrates cellular secretion. Secretion may be continuous or it may be intermittent, only
occuring to coincide with some other activity outside the cell.

A
site of continuous
B secretion

site of
intermittent
secretion

(a) (i) Name A, B, C and D.

A: ......................................................................... B: ...........................................................................

C: ......................................................................... D: ....................................................................... [4]

(ii) State the function of structures B.

....................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Describe the role of structure C in secretion.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) (i) Name a cell that secretes continuously throughout its life and name the secretion.

cell: ........................................................................................................................................................ [1]

secretion: ............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Name a secretion only released intermittently and name the cell that secretes it.

secretion: .............................................................................................................................................. [1]

cell: ....................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Suggest why an intermittent secretion must be packaged up in a secretory granule;

...........................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iv) How may a cell be triggered to release an intermittent secretion?

....................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 15
AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not
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QUESTIONSHEET 19 margin

The diagram below illustrates the synthesis and fate of lysosomes. The autophagic vesicle, phagosome and
residual body are all secondary lysosomes.

B phagocytosis

primary
lysosomes
D

phagosome

autophagic vesicle residual body

(a) (i) Identify A, B, C and D.

A: ......................................................................... B: ..........................................................................

C: ......................................................................... D: ..........................................................................
[4]

(ii) What are the main functions of lysosomes?

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(iii) Describe the role of the Golgi body in forming lysosomes.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[3]

TOTAL(Continued...)
/
AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not
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QUESTIONSHEET
QUESTIONSHEET 20
19 CONTINUED margin

(b) (i) Distinguish between primary and secondary lysosomes.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Suggest functions for the autophagic vesicles, the phagosomes and the residual bodies.

autophagic vesicles: ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................
[2]

phagosomes: ..............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................
[2]

residual bodies: .........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................
[2]

TOTAL / 18
AS 1 CELL BIOLOGY Do not
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QUESTIONSHEET 21
20 margin

The equation below represents Ficks’ first law of diffusion.

∆C
J = DA
∆x

where: J = net rate of diffusion

D= diffusion coefficient of the dissolving solute in the membrane (constant)
A= area of the membrane
∆C = concentration difference across the membrane
∆x = thickness of the membrane

(a) Use Fick’s law to explain why some cells which are concerned with absorption by diffusion:

(i) possess a brush border of microvilli.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) make a very thin membrane.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) In some membranes absorption involves active transport. Explain why cells in these membranes:

(i) contain many mitochondria.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) possess large quantities of cholesterol and other lipids in their cell membranes.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]

TOTAL / 11