ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I am deeply thankful to my subject
teacher, Respected Ms. Pankaj madam for her valuable
guidance, support, and encouragement throughout the
preparation of this project report titled as:
“Make in India Initiative: A Comprehensive Analysis”.
Her insights helped me to understand the topic better and
analyse it from various dimensions.
I would also like to thank my parents and friends for their
constant motivation and moral support during the entire
process.
This project has helped me gain deeper knowledge about
the Make in India initiative and its significance in shaping
our country’s economic future.
Sushant Dwivedi
Class 11 (Commerce)
Roll No: 26
Index
S no. Context
1 Introduction
2 Objectives of Make in India
3 Key Sectors Targeted
4 Impact on Indian Economy
5 Challenges faced by the initiative
6 Strategies to overcome challenges
Real life examples and Data
7
Snapshots
8 Conclusion
9 Bibliography
Project Title:- Make in India
Initiative: A Comprehensive Analysis
• In oduc on :-
Launched on 25th September 2014 by PM Narendra Modi, Make in India is
a visionary initiative aimed at transforming India into a global manufacturing
hub. It was a strategic move to attract foreign investment, enhance
manufacturing capabilities, generate employment, and boost economic
growth.
"Make in India" came as a bold response, aiming to enhance manufacturing
capabilities, attract foreign direct investment (FDI), and generate large-scale
employment opportunities for India’s rapidly growing youth population.
This initiative focuses not just on economic development, but also on
reshaping India's image—from being a consumption-driven economy to a
production-driven nation. It emphasizes sustainable development, ease of
doing business, skill development, and innovation, pushing India to
compete with global giants like China, Germany, and the US.
With over 25 key sectors identi ed, ranging from automobiles and defence to
electronics and textiles, Make in India acts as a blueprint for industrial
transformation. Major reforms, including the digitization of approvals, tax
simpli cation (like GST), FDI liberalization, and smart city development, are
all aligned with this mission.
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• Objec ves of Make in India :-
I. Strengthening the Manufacturing Sector
The primary goal of the Make in India initiative was to transform India into a global
manufacturing hub.
• At the time of launch, manufacturing contributed only around 16–17% to
India’s GDP.
• The government aimed to raise this to 25% by 2025.
• The initiative encourages companies to set up production units in India,
reducing import dependency and boosting exports.
Example: Apple and Samsung started assembling smartphones in India, marking a
major shift in domestic manufacturing.
II. Employment Generation
India has one of the world’s largest youth populations, and job creation was a key
objective.
• The government targeted the creation of 100 million jobs (10 crore) by
promoting labour-intensive industries.
• Both direct and indirect employment opportunities were to be generated across
various sectors and regions.
Fact: Sectors like automotive, textiles, and electronics saw a noticeable increase in
job opportunities between 2014 and 2020.
III. Attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
To attract global investors, the government liberalized FDI policies across multiple
sectors:
• FDI limits were increased (e.g., Defence: up to 49%, Single-brand retail:
100%).
• The approval process was made more transparent and faster through digitized
portals and automatic routes.
Stat: India attracted a record $84.8 billion in FDI in 2021–22, showcasing growing
global con dence.
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IV. Improving Ease of Doing Business
Make in India focused on removing bureaucratic hurdles and promoting a business-
friendly environment:
• Introduction of single-window clearances.
• Simpli cation of labour laws and licensing systems.
• Digitization of business registration and tax processes.
Result: India’s ranking in the World Bank Ease of Doing Business Index jumped
from 142 in 2014 to 63 in 2020.
V. Infrastructure & Innovation Development
Industrial and economic growth requires strong infrastructure and
innovation:
• Development of smart cities, industrial corridors, and logistics hubs.
• Promotion of research and development (R&D).
• Initiatives like Skill India and PMKVY helped prepare a skilled
workforce for future industries.
Example: The Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor and Sagarmala port
project are major infrastructure efforts under this mission.
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• Key Sec rs Targe d :-
Sector Development Under Make in India
Global brands like Kia & MG Motors set up plants; push for Electric
Automobile
Vehicles (EV) and exports.
Apple & Samsung started phone assembly in India; PLI Scheme
Electronics
boosted local electronics production.
FDI limit increased; Indigenous projects like HAL Tejas jets &
Defence Manufacturing
DRDO collabs with private rms.
Focus on traditional handlooms, exports increased; new textile parks
Textiles & Garments
launched across India.
India became COVID vaccine hub (Covishield & Covaxin);
Pharmaceuticals
incentives for bulk drug & API parks.
Large solar parks developed (e.g., in Rajasthan); India entered top 5
Renewable Energy
global renewable energy nations.
Vande Bharat Express launched; modernization of stations; "Make in
Railways
India" metro coaches by Alstom.
Mega food parks launched; cold chain and packaging infrastructure
Food Processing
developed to reduce food wastage.
UDAN scheme boosted regional connectivity; aircraft component
Aviation
manufacturing began (e.g., Boeing).
India became top global IT outsourcing hub; data centers and startup
IT & BPM
innovation centers promoted.
Reforms in mining leases & exploration; transparency increased in
Mining
auctions.
Medical tourism, eco-tourism, and spiritual circuits developed; e-visa
Tourism & Hospitality
system simpli ed.
Private players allowed entry (e.g., Skyroot); ISRO began tech
Space Sector
transfers and joint missions.
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• Impact on Indian Economy :-
VI. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) In ow Increased Drastically
One of the biggest achievements of Make in India has been attracting global
investors.
• FDI in ow rose from $45 billion in 2014–15 to a record $84.8 billion in
2021–22.
• Liberalized policies and 100% FDI under the automatic route in multiple
sectors helped bring in foreign capital.
• Key sectors receiving FDI: Electronics, Automobiles, Defence, Pharma, and
Telecom.
Example:
• Apple’s major suppliers like Foxconn and Pegatron invested billions to set up
plants in India.
• Amazon, Walmart, and Google increased investments in Indian infrastructure
and services.
VII. Boost in Manufacturing Sector
• The Gross Value Added (GVA) in manufacturing increased over the years.
• Key industries like mobile phones, automobiles, and textiles saw rapid
production rise.
• India became the second-largest mobile phone manufacturer in the world by
2021.
Data:
• Mobile phone exports crossed ₹90,000 crore in 2023–24.
• Automobile exports increased, especially two-wheelers and compact cars.
VIII.Employment Generation
• Make in India created both direct and indirect employment in core and allied
sectors.
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• Special Economic Zones (SEZs), MSMEs, and Industrial Corridors boosted
regional employment.
• Skill India, Start-up India, and Digital India complemented job creation efforts.
Stats:
• According to Invest India, millions of jobs have been created in sectors like
auto, textiles, electronics, and food processing.
• Electronics manufacturing alone provided >8 lakh jobs directly and indirectly
(as of 2023).
IX. Improvement in Ease of Doing Business
• India’s World Bank Ease of Doing Business rank improved from 142
(2014) to 63 (2020).
• Reforms included online approvals, labour law simpli cation, GST rollout, and
single-window systems.
• Industrial licensing time reduced from months to days.
Example:
Startups and SMEs reported faster registration, better tax compliance systems, and
ease in availing government schemes.
X. Export Growth
• Domestic manufacturing boom led to a rise in exports of electronics,
machinery, pharma, and processed food.
• Focus on “zero defect, zero effect” quality boosted India’s credibility in global
markets.
Data:
• Electronic exports grew by over 100% between 2018 and 2023.
• Defence exports rose from ₹2,000 crore in 2014 to over ₹16,000 crore in
2023.
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• Cha enges Faced by e Ini a ve :-
1. Inadequate infrastructure and logistics
2. Complex regulatory environment and red tape
3. Shortage of skilled workforce
4. Delays in land acquisition and environmental clearances
5. Heavy import dependency for key components
• S a gies Overcome Cha enges :-
6. Skill Development: Strengthen Skill India Mission and vocational
training
7. Infrastructure Development: Fast-track projects like DMIC, industrial
corridors
8. Digital Reforms: Implement single-window clearance systems
9. Atmanirbhar Bharat Push: Reduce import dependency via local
production
10. PPP Model: Encourage public-private collaboration for mega projects
Example: Vedanta-Foxconn’s semiconductor plant proposal in Gujarat
• Real-Life Examples & Data Snapshot :-
Metric 2014 2023
FDI In ow $30 billion $70+ billion
Manufacturing % of GDP ~15% ~17.7%
Ease of doing Biz Rank 134 63
Mobile Export (units) <60 million >2 billion
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• Conclusion :-
The Make in India initiative was launched with the vision of transforming India into
a global manufacturing hub. It aimed to boost domestic production, attract foreign
direct investment, generate large-scale employment, and improve the overall ease of
doing business. By focusing on 25 key sectors such as automobiles, electronics,
defence, textiles, and pharmaceuticals, the initiative laid a strong foundation for
industrial growth.
The impact of Make in India has been signi cant in many areas. India saw record
FDI in ows, major improvements in its Ease of Doing Business ranking, and rapid
growth in sectors like mobile manufacturing and renewable energy. Several industries
experienced expansion, and millions of jobs were created directly and indirectly. The
initiative also encouraged infrastructure development, innovation, and
entrepreneurship across the country.
However, challenges like slow policy implementation, infrastructure gaps, and skill
shortages still remain. To ensure long-term success, India must continue to reform
regulatory systems, support MSMEs, and strengthen skill development. Overall,
Make in India has been a key step towards building a self-reliant and globally
competitive Indian economy.
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Bibliography
1. Make in India Of cial Website - https://www.makeinindia.com
2. Press Information Bureau, Government of India - https://
pib.gov.in
3. Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade
(DPIIT) - https://dpiit.gov.in
4. Invest India - https://www.investindia.gov.in
5. World Bank - https://www.worldbank.org
6. Statista – https://www.statista.com
7. Union Budget - https://www.indiabudget.gov.in
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