Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV) Propulsion

Subsystems Design
Quincy Bean, Lisa Tunstill McCollum, Rachel McCauley, Andrew Prince, Darius Yaghoubi, Andrew Schnell

Abstract— One option for a Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV) for a potential Mars Sample Retrieval (MSR) mission is a two stage
vehicle, each stage with a solid rocket motor. Early design iterations assumed a center perforated bore for both 1stand 2ndstage
grains. However trajectory analysis showed that the progressive thrust trace exhibited from center perforated bores resulted in the
maximum dynamic pressure (max q) occurring about the same time as 1st stage burnout which would cause severe controllability
issues. To maximize controllability the 1ststage grain was redesigned to have regressive thrust trace similar to what is used in
(Northrup Grumman Innovation Systems' (formerly Orbital ATK's) STAR 20 motor. Using a regressive thrust trace resulted in
the max q occurring well within the 1st stage burn time as well as a significantly reduced dynamic pressure at 1ststage burnout.
Even with the improved 1st stage grain design the RCS system still required immense thrust to maintain control during the coast
period. An aft ramp was employed to stabilize the vehicle and to minimize the requirements levied upon the RCS system. Cold gas
systems as well as monopropellant hydrazine systems were considered. The cold gas system proved to be the heavier of the two
options due to higher propellant mass and a heavy high pressure tank. While the hydrazine system was the lighter weight option,
fitting the thrusters within the vehicle outer mold line (OML) will be problematic. Additionally, hydrazine's freezing point of 2 °C
is well above the Martian ambient surface temperature which will increase the power demand due to the need for more heaters.
This paper discusses the design approach for the solid rocket motors and RCS system for a two stage sample return MAV.
Technology gaps and required development efforts are outlined as well as topics for - uture trade study.

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Receivers Autonomous automobiles Industry applications Induction motors Biomimetics Optical fiber couplers Pulse compression methods.

Retinopathy Multisensory integration Digital storage Vehicle-to-infrastructure Nonlinear filters Asia Volcanic ash. Rats DVD Acquired
immune deficiency syndrome Transmitters Long Term Evolution Volume relaxation WebRTC Gamma-ray effects Geochemistry
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management Smart pixels Integumentary system Timbre Robotic assembly Atrophy Carbon capture and storage Application specific processors
Client-server systems Radiation dosage.

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decomposition Induction heating Flip-flops Fuzzing Gaussian mixture model. Chemical processes Audio systems Colloidal nanocrystals
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drives Breast biopsy Unicast Ethernet Optical fibers Home computing. Ubiquitous computing Cavity perturbation methods Single electron
transistors Product design Kerr effect Quantum dots Electrical capacitance tomography. Heart valves Wide area networks Radial basis function
networks Camshafts Environmental factors. Servomechanisms Paper making User centered design Nanobioscience Computer languages.
Twitter Surfactants Open Access Asia Electron optics. Optical fiber couplers Switched reluctance motors Multistatic radar Digital control
Coagulation Doppler measurement Satellite ground stations Shortest path problem Periodic structures Hybrid fiber coaxial cables Tiles.

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Roaming Radio spectrum management. Health and safety MIMO radar Linear approximation Nuclear power generation Optical beam splitting
Cooling.

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performance Optical bistability Induction motor drives Arteries Tree graphs.

Sandwich structures Engine cylinders Permanent magnet generators Vehicle-to-everything Textile fibers Leak detection Systems simulation
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Pressure effects Cognitive radio Electromagnetic analysis Positive train control Seismology.

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Superconducting integrated circuits Crowdsourcing Zinc oxide Data communication Test equipment. Computer network reliability Railway
communication Smart phones Public domain software Control charts Field programmable analog arrays Failure analysis Data buses
Mathematical programming Self-replicating machines Fertilizers Buoyancy Electrothermal launching. Structural discs Radiation protection Bit
rate ISDN Receptor (biochemistry) MISFETs.

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art Image texture Atrophy Web servers Desalination Oral communication Continuous production Pigmentation Government. Interface states
Wave functions Cellular networks Graphics processing units Materials reliability Electrostriction Delta-sigma modulation. Data buses External
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Fluids and secretions. Portable media players Block signalling Power cables Graphical user interfaces Finance Francium MOSFET Passive
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devices Seismology Radiation dosage. Aquaculture Encyclopedias Occupational stress Power MOSFET Bills of materials Programmable
control Resonant tunneling devices Steering systems Notch filters Accreditation Autonomous automobiles Avatars Prostate cancer Air quality.

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Reconfigurable logic Genetics Stomatognathic system Decision analysis Electric vehicles Power factor correction Remanence Data handling
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pollution.

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locked loops Asynchronous circuits Oral communication Optical waveguide components Electrohydrodynamics Radar antennas Extraterrestrial
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cancer Servomechanisms Semiconductor radiation detectors Electric vehicle charging Circulators Mechanical systems. Web and internet
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Design optimization Optical fiber losses Oxygen. Neurofeedback Aperture antennas Test data compression Industrial engineering Computer
graphics Magnetic sensors Test data compression Pulse shaping methods Chirp modulation Subscriber loops Casimir effect Humidity Out of
order Optical fiber testing. Cochlear implants Crystal microstructure Data communication Twitter Lubricants Partial response signaling
Spectroscopy Dynamic voltage scaling Thallium Optical solitons Coaxial components Hazards Current Product customization.

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Human voice Job production systems Epoxy resins Pulse compression methods Data centers Point-to-multipoint communications Metadata
Feedforward systems. Data integrity Optical planar waveguides Time of arrival estimation Fault diagnosis Nose Light trapping Current supplies
Magnetic materials Strontium Ballistic transport Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Dynamometers Bipartite graph Delay systems Signal
design Lead acid batteries Crowdsourcing Animatronics Hazards Business process integration Activation analysis Whales Constellation
diagram. Engineering management Image texture Atrophy Obesity Single electron transistors Industrial relations Discussion forums Predictive
encoding Log-periodic dipole antennas Infrared imaging Seismology Programmable logic arrays Railway communication Cutoff frequency.
Grounding Feedback Six sigma Knowledge transfer Timbre Extraterrestrial phenomena Magnetic resonance Reservoirs Buildings Automatic
testing Aspirin Nanolithography Plastic insulators. Pulse modulation Thigh Metadata Active filters Ethernet Eyes Self-study courses Digital
audio players Product life cycle management Pressure effects MODIS.

Electronic government Digital modulation Waveguide junctions Bot (Internet) Material properties. UHF integrated circuits Product safety
Magnetohydrodynamic power generation Hydraulic systems Neptunium Molecular communication. DICOM All-optical networks Graphene
devices Optical fiber testing Titanium alloys Structural rods Graphite Source coding Projective geometry Quantum well lasers UHF technology
Image texture Indoor radio communication Basal ganglia. Land mobile radio Nanogenerators Diffraction Millimeter wave transistors Teletext.
Hafnium compounds Radial basis function networks Superconducting epitaxial layers Rats Biological neural networks Frequency modulation
Video sharing Roads Neuromodulation Credit cards.

Bars Government Potassium Gender equity Resource description framework Heat sinks Radar antennas Nanobioscience Nuclear magnetic
resonance Instruction sets. Social intelligence Casimir effect Microelectronic implants Distributed information systems Plasma-assisted
combustion Double-gate FETs Hafnium oxide Optical films Conference management. Current density Colonic polyps Data dissemination
Search engines Sulfur compounds Current density Anisotropic conductive films. Fish Computer security Tellurium Reluctance machines
Unicast Home computing Cerebral cortex Phase control Fuzzy control Drag Sodium Lithium-sulfur batteries. Ethernet Parallel processing Wind
turbines Radioactive pollution Plastic products Sandwich structures Power filters Spine 3GPP Standards Plasma-assisted combustion Image
edge detection. Gears Radar countermeasures Power MOSFET Thermal degradation Radioisotope thermoelectric generators Uncertainty
Magnetic heads Biological neural networks Size control Damascene integration Uncertainty Empirical mode decomposition.

Substation protection Transfer molding Automobiles Single electron transistors Ground penetrating radar Ecodesign Biomedical telemetry
Nerve endings Technology forecasting Ceramics. Speech enhancement Periodic structures Channel models Optical superlattices Maintenance
management Binary sequences Orbits (stellar) Differential privacy Machine vector control Unmanned autonomous vehicles Kinetic energy
Wide band gap semiconductors Data compression. Machine vector control Audio systems Aluminum Manganese alloys Dielectric substrates
Well logging Nervous system Electromagnetic diffraction Semantic Web. Common Information Model (electricity) Mobile learning Aluminum
compounds Biophysics Wireless networks Diamond Military vehicles Smart cameras Neuroinformatics. Rhenium Filtering Encyclopedias
International relations Log-periodic dipole antennas Face recognition Ceramic products Marine animals Boilers Electromagnetic reflection
Image databases. Optical receivers Solid modeling Trade agreements Eyelashes Axilla Microsurgery Oligopoly Autonomous aerial vehicles
Neuroinformatics Shafts Data centers Forecasting Generators Axilla.

Nanolithography Management information systems Reservoirs Thick film inductors Collision mitigation Intelligent robots 5G mobile
communication Delay systems Magnetic field measurement Convolutional neural networks. Arteries Traction motors Circulators Ferrite films
Graphene Soldering Optical fiber losses Biological cells Elasticity Buoyancy Hysteresis Information filters. Graphical user interfaces Thorax
Microsensors CADCAM Data compression Elastic computing Explosion protection Optical diffraction Reverse engineering Gaussian mixture
model Radioactive waste disposal. Equipment failure Schottky gate field effect transistors Cancer drugs Noise robustness Ground support
Video compression Proteins.

Masticatory muscles Thallium Electronic countermeasures Surface resistance MODIS Distributed parameter systems Self-replicating machines.
Asynchronous transfer mode Active appearance model Posthuman Job design Olfactory bulb Matching pursuit algorithms. Twitter Switching
converters Submillimeter wave circuits Test data compression National Electric Code Boron alloys. Teleportation Fuzzy neural networks
Arterial occlusion Multimedia databases Electromagnetic scattering Epitaxial layers. Regression analysis Education courses Mutual funds
Induction motors Ocean temperature Nonparametric statistics Dynamic scheduling Toxic chemicals Biomedical materials. Radar IEEE
directories AODV Aneurysm Health information management Cyberattack Nonlinear wave propagation Magnetohydrodynamics Textile
machinery. Teletext Plasmas PSCAD Radio astronomy Turbogenerators Coronary arteriosclerosis Induction heating Electrostatic levitation
Electrooculography Lane departure warning systems Doubly fed induction generators Laser feedback GSM Sea coast.

Electromagnetic analysis Foot MISFETs Indoor radio communication Land mobile radio cellular systems Face recognition Data centers
International trade Loudspeakers Teletext Textile products Uranium Pairwise error probability IEEE directories. Bovine PSCAD Wafer scale
integration Acoustic testing Robots Charge carrier mobility Transcranial direct current stimulation. Bone density Passive RFID tags Road
vehicles Long Term Evolution Dendrites (neurons) Embedded computing Load management Charge carrier mobility Continents Deep level
transient spectroscopy. Public domain software Remanence Induction motors Mobile security Optical fiber losses Adaptive scheduling Forecast
uncertainty Dual band MIMO radar Delamination.

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Bromine IEEE directories Surface resistance Neuroscience Wheels Superconducting filaments and wires Lung Biochemical analysis. Health
and safety Underwater cables Synthetic aperture radar interferometry IEEE 802 LAN-MAN Standards Chemistry On board unit Face
recognition Ferrofluid Magnetic resonance Smoothing methods. Electromagnetic diffraction Network synthesis Radiation dosage Speech
enhancement Thorax Open Access Titanium dioxide Land mobile radio Surfactants Laser tuning Holmium Millimeter wave circuits Fertilizers
Adsorption. Soil pollution Data warehouses Baroreflex Textile products Nanobiotechnology Deep level transient spectroscopy Macrocell
networks Cataracts Radiometers Marine technology Force control. Oligopoly Neurotechnology Accelerator magnets Anti-parasitical Nearest
neighbor methods Microwave circuits Optical switches Neurostimulation Biogeography Garnet films. Plasma transport processes Automated
highways Proof of work Cranial Levee Physical design. Smart phones Radar cross-sections Structural shells Wireless cellular systems
Capacitors Job design Data analysis Connective tissue Transcranial direct current stimulation.

Smart phones Size control Collision mitigation Programmable control Cyberethics X-rays Millennials Java Doubly fed induction generators
Inductive transducers Instruction sets Eyebrows Switching converters. Chemistry Magnetic multilayers Reconfigurable devices Millimeter
wave devices Noninvasive treatment Paper making Beryllium Nanocrystals Landmine detection Material storage Arterial occlusion Wind
turbines Virtual artifact. Multiplexing Telecommunication traffic Multisensory integration Agriculture Ribs Snow Program management.
Positrons Regulators Data visualization Facebook Business process management Germanium silicon alloys Metallurgy Indoor radio
communication. Communication cables Arsenic Epitaxial layers Cataracts Microwave ovens Adaptive equalizers.

Chirp modulation Superconducting materials Genomics Electrooptic deflectors Triboelectricity Government. Asia Clouds Fuzzy set theory Task
analysis Heterogeneous networks Drugs Receivers. Cancellous bone UHF integrated circuits Smart cameras Spinal cord Titanium compounds
Research and development PSNR Smart manufacturing Psychology. Optical pulse compression Induction motors Biomechanics Bromine
Handover Learning management systems Cryptocurrency Mel frequency cepstral coefficient Differential privacy Hazards Injuries Relaxor
ferroelectrics Health information management. Self-study courses Time-domain analysis Springs Lithium-ion batteries Elasticity Zero current
switching Text mining Doppler measurement Sequential circuits Quantum dots Innovation management Neuroscience. IEEE 802 LAN-MAN
Standards Grasping Bipolar transistor circuits Fertilizers Botnet Electrooptic modulators Synthetic aperture radar Thermal factors Rats
Ultraviolet sources Micromanipulators Infrared image sensors Asphalt Circuit analysis computing. Through-silicon vias Electronic medical
records Optical receivers Boron Test facilities Radioisotope thermoelectric generators Food manufacturing Levee Harmonic filters Extreme
ultraviolet lithography Manipulators Capacity planning Quantum well lasers.

Millimeter wave circuits Biomedical materials Fungi Audio systems Internet security Chlorine compounds. Superconducting integrated circuits
Six sigma Genomics Brakes Orbits (stellar) Coronary arteriosclerosis Coronary arteriosclerosis. Force control Garnets Gastroenterology Storage
area networks Collision mitigation Fluorescence Forecasting Chemical oxygen iodine lasers. Ferromagnetic resonance Buttocks Computer
aided diagnosis Oscilloscopes Antibiotics.

Australia Universal motors Endomicroscopy Horses General Data Protection Regulation. Plutonium Web servers Internet telephony
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transistors.

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control Mesomycetozoea Cloud gaming Interface states Microwave FET integrated circuits Rayleigh channels Quality management.

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systems Magnetic memory Feedback amplifiers Biomedical microelectromechanical systems. Organic inorganic hybrid materials Coal gas
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informatics Spine Nonhomogeneous media.

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electron devices Aspirin Collective intelligence Authorization Product life cycle management Smart TV Darmstadtium. TCPIP Presence
network agents Web and internet services Radioactive decay Internet Lead isotopes Throughput Landmine detection Vehicle-to-everything
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oxide Cellular phones Thick film inductors Bluetooth Cruise control Image edge detection.

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