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ICS 43.040.20
T 38
National Standard of the People’s Republic of China
GB 4785-2019
Replaces GB 4785-2007
Prescription for installation of the
external lighting and light-signalling
devices for motor vehicles and their
trailers
汽车及挂车外部照明和光信号装置的安装规定
(English Translation)
Issue date: 2019-12-17 Implementation date: 2020-07-01
Issued by the State Administration for Market Regulation of the
People’s Republic of China
the Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic
of China
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Contents
Foreword........................................................................................................................................... i
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references .............................................................................................................. 1
3 Terms and definitions ............................................................................................................... 2
4 General requirements ............................................................................................................ 16
5 Special prescription................................................................................................................ 29
5.1 Main-beam headlamps [Conforming to GB 4599 (except Level A), GB 21259
and GB 25991]...................................................................................................................... 30
5.2 Passing-beam headlamps [Conforming to GB 4599 (except Level A), GB 21259
and GB 25991]...................................................................................................................... 34
5.3 Front fog lamps (Conforming to GB 4660) .............................................................. 40
5.4 Reversing lamp (Conforming to GB 15235)............................................................ 43
5.5 Direction-indicatorlamp (Conforming to GB 17509)............................................... 44
5.6 Hazard warning signal................................................................................................ 50
5.7 Stop lamp (Conforming to GB 5920)........................................................................ 51
5.8 Rear-registration plate illuminating device (Conforming to GB 18408) .............. 55
5.9 Front position lamps (Conforming to GB 5920) ...................................................... 56
5.10 Rear position lamp (Conforming to GB 5920) ...................................................... 58
5.11 Rear fog lamps (Conforming to GB 11554) ........................................................... 60
5.12 Parking lamp (Conforming to GB 18409) .............................................................. 62
5.13 End-outline marker lamp (Conforming to GB 5920) ............................................ 64
5.14 Non-triangular rear retro-reflector (Conforming to GB 11564) ........................... 65
5.15 Triangular rear retro-reflector (Conforming to GB 11564) .................................. 67
5.16 Non-triangular front retro-reflector (Conforming to GB 11564) .......................... 68
5.17 Non-triangular side retro-reflector (Conforming to GB 11564) ........................... 69
5.18 Side marker lamp (Conforming to GB 18099) ...................................................... 71
5.19 Daytime running lamp (Conforming to GB 23255) .............................................. 73
5.20 Cornering lamp (Conforming to GB 30511) .......................................................... 75
5.21 Conspicuity marking ................................................................................................. 76
5.22 Adaptive front lighting system (Conforming to GB/T 30036-2013) ................... 76
5.23 Emergency stop signal............................................................................................. 85
5.24 Marker lamp for draw-bar-trailer (Figure 4) .......................................................... 87
5.25 Manoeuvring lamp .................................................................................................... 88
5.26 Rear-end collision alert signal................................................................................. 90
6 Inspection rules ...................................................................................................................... 91
6.1 Judgement and test of same type ............................................................................ 91
6.2 Type test ....................................................................................................................... 92
6.3 Production conformity test ......................................................................................... 92
6.4 Change and expansion of vehicle lighting and light-signalling devices .............. 92
7 Implementation date .............................................................................................................. 93
Annex A (Normative) Various loading conditions determining the change of the passing
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beam in the vertical direction ...................................................................................................... 94
Annex B (Informative) Examples of surfaces, reference axis, centre of reference, and
angles of geometric visibility of lamps ....................................................................................... 97
Annex C (Normative) Invisibility of front view red light and invisibility of rearview white
light ...............................................................................................................................................111
Annex D (Normative) Measuring the change of passing beam inclination with loading
......................................................................................................................................................112
Annex E (Normative) Road test.............................................................................................117
Annex F (Normative) Adjustment indication of vertical downward inclination of cut-off
line of headlamp passing beam and front fog lamp ..............................................................120
Annex G (Normative) Headlamp dimming device control .................................................121
Annex H (Normative) Automatically switching headlamp passing beam ........................124
Annex I (Normative) Observation area of apparent surface of manoeuvring lamp .......125
Bibliography.................................................................................................................................126
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Foreword
ChinaStandards.net is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about
the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
All the technical contents of this standard are mandatory.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB 4785-2007 Prescription for installation of the external lighting
and light-signalling devices for motor vehicles and their trailers. In addition to editorial
changes, the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB
4785-2007:
——graphical representations for geometric visibility of various lamps are deleted (see
Figures 1, 2 and 5 to 18 in Edition 2007);
——“test method” is deleted (see Clause 5 in Edition 2007);
——relevant definition of “equivalent lamp" is deleted (see Sub-clause 3.5.1 in Edition
2007);
——considering the development of light source, the definition and requirements of light
source and its relevant terms are supplemented and improved (see Sub-clause 3.7);
——relevant definition and requirements of “interdependent lamp system” are added (see
Sub-clause 3.9.26);
——definitions and requirements of manoeuvring lamp, cornering lamp, conspicuity
marking, rear-end collision alert signal, adaptive front lighting system and their terms
concerned are added (see Sub-clauses 3.9.29, 5.25, 3.9.24, 5.20, 3.9.15, 5.21, 3.9.30,
5.26, 3.9.25 and 5.22);
——definitions of light emitting surface, illuminating surface and apparent surface are
different from those given in GB 4785-2007, and corresponding diagrams are added (see
Subclauses 3.10, 3.11 and 3.12 as well as Annex B);
——"the vehicles with daytime running lamp shall have the function of automatically
turning on/off the passing-beam headlamp; or at least the rear position lamp shall be
turned on when the daytime running lamp is turned on; or corresponding measures shall
be taken to remind the driver that the rear position lamp and other signal lamps are not
turned on when the daytime running lamp is turned on” is added (see Sub-clause 5.2.7.6);
i
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——requirements and test methods for relevant road tests of the front lighting system are
added (see Sub-clauses 5.1.9.3.3 and 5.22.9.2.4);
——lamps not defined in this standard that are allowed to be turned on when the vehicle
is stationary and the corresponding turn-on conditions are added (see Sub-clause 4.31).
Technical contents of this standard are referred to ECE R48 Series 06 Uniform provisions
concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the installation of lighting and
light-signalling devices and its supplements 1 to 6.
This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and
Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
The previous editions of this standard are as follows:
——GB 4785-1984, GB 4785-1998 and GB 4785-2007.
ii
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Prescription for installation of the external
lighting and light-signalling devices for motor
vehicles and their trailers
1 Scope
This standard specifies the general requirements, special prescription and inspection
rules for the installation of the external lighting and light-signalling devices for motor
vehicles and their trailers.
This standard is applicable to Categories M, N and O motor vehicles and their trailers.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 3977 Specification of colors
GB 4094 Symbols for controls, indicators and tell-tales of motor vehicles
GB 4599 Motor vehicle headlamps equipped with filament lamps
GB 4660 Photometric characteristics of power-driven vehicle front fog lamps
Photometric characteristics of front and rear position lamps,
GB 5920 end-outline marker lamps and stop lamps for motor vehicles and
their trailers
Photometric characteristics of rear fog lamp for power-driven
GB 11554
vehicles and their trailers
GB 11564 Retro-reflector device for motor vehicles
Technical requirements and testing methods for commercial
GB 12676
vehicle and trailer braking systems
Photometric characteristics of reversing lamps for power-driven
GB 15235
vehicles
Lamps for road vehicles - Dimensional, electrical and luminous
GB 15766.1
requirements
Photometric characteristics of direction indicators for motor
GB 17509
vehicles and their trailers
Photometric characteristics of side-marker lamps for motor
GB 18099
vehicles and their trailers
Photometric characteristics of devices for the illumination of rear
GB 18408
registration plates of motor vehicles and their trailers
GB 18409 Photometric characteristics of parking lamps for power-driven
1
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vehicles
Headlamps equipped with gas-discharge light sources for motor
GB 21259
vehicle
GB/T 21260 Headlamp cleaner
Technical requirements and testing methods for passenger car
GB 21670
braking systems
GB 23254 Retro-reflective markings for trucks and trailers
Photometric characteristics of daytime running lamps for power
GB 23255
driven vehicles
GB 25990 Rear-marking plates for vehicles and their trailers
GB 25991 Automotive headlamps with LED light sources and/or LED modules
GB/T 30036-2013 Adaptive front-lighting system for motor vehicles
GB/T 30511 Photometric characteristics of cornering lamps for motor vehicle
Uniform provisions concerning the approval of filament lamps for
ECE R37 use in approved lamp units of power-driven vehicles and of their
trailers
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
type test
the type test on a certain vehicle type with regard to the number and mode of installation
of external lighting and light-signalling devices
3.2
vehicle type with regard to the installation of lighting and light-signalling devices
Vehicles that do not differ in the following contents are considered to be of the same
vehicle type:
——profile and size of the vehicle;
——number and position of installations;
——headlamp dimming device;
——suspension system.
Under the following circumstance, the vehicles can be regarded as the same type: some
differences between vehicles in the above aspects don’t change the variety, quantity,
position, geometric visibility, passing beam inclination and installation of optional lamps or
not.
2
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3.3
transverse plane
the vertical plane orthogonal to the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle
3.4
unladen vehicle
the vehicle without driver, attendant, passenger or load, but with sufficient fuel, spare tire
and common tools.
3.5
laden vehicle
the vehicle that the maximum mass is technologically allowed by the loading manufacturer,
with the loading conditions distributed on the axle
Note: see Annex A for loading conditions.
3.6
lighting and light-signalling device
a unit, group of units or installation unit that is used to realize one or more functions
3.6.1
lighting function
the function of lighting up the object on the traveling road or in the traveling direction of the
vehicle
3.6.2
light-signalling function
the function of sending or reflecting light signals to other road users, to indicate the
presence of the vehicle or the change of the motion state
3.7
light source
one or several luminary(ies), which may consist of one or more lampshades and one lamp
cap for mechanical and electrical connection
3.7.1
replaceable light source
the light source that can be inserted into and taken out from the lamp holder without tools
3.7.2
non-replaceable light source
the light source that is fixed in the light source module or lighting unit and can only be
replaced integrally with the light source module or lighting unit
3
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3.7.3
light source module
dedicated optical component of a device, including one or several non-replaceable light
source(s) It may be provided with a lamp holder that meets the requirements of the
replaceable light source.
3.7.4
filament light source
the light source that the filament lamp illuminates through heating of the filament itself
3.7.5
gas-discharge light source
the light source that illuminates through arc discharge
3.7.6
light-emitting diode; LED
a solid light source that is made of semiconductor material
3.7.7
LED module
the light source module that contains only LED light source and may be provided with a
lamp holder that meets the requirements of the replaceable light source.
3.7.8
objective luminous flux
the luminous flux specified in the data pages of the light source standards, excluding
tolerance
Note 1: Light source standards include GB 15766.1, ECE R37, ECE R99, ECE R128, etc.
Note 2: For LED module that does not meet the requirements of ECE R128, its objective luminous flux is
indicated in its technical document.
3.8
electronic light source control gear
one or several component(s) for controlling the voltage and/or current of the light source
between the power source and the light source
3.8.1
ballast
an electronic light source control device for stabilizing the current of the gas-discharge
light source between the power source and the light source (allowed to be integrated into
the light source or lamp)
4
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3.8.2
ignitor
an electronic light source control device for igniting an arc of the gas-discharge light
source
3.8.3
variable intensity control
a device that can automatically control a variable light intensity signal device to emit stable
and recognizable light signals
Note: the variable intensity control may be a part of the lamp or vehicle, or independent of the above
lamp and vehicle.
3.9
lamp
a device used to light up the road or send light signals to other road users
Note: The rear-registration plate illuminating device and retro-reflector also fall under the lamps.
3.9.1
independent lamps
a device with separate apparent surface, separate light source and separate lamp body in
the direction of the reference axis
Note: For the rear-registration plate illuminating devices and Category 5 and 6 direction-indicatorlamp,
the apparent surface in this definition is replaced by the light emitting surface.
3.9.2
grouped lamps
a device with separate apparent surface, separate light source and common lamp body in
the direction of the reference axis
Note: For the rear-registration plate illuminating devices and Category 5 and 6 direction-indicatorlamp,
the apparent surface in this definition is replaced by the light emitting surface.
3.9.3
combined lamps
a device with separate apparent surface, common light source and common lamp body in
the direction of the reference axis
Note: For the rear-registration plate illuminating devices and Category 5 and 6 direction-indicatorlamp,
the apparent surface in this definition is replaced by the light emitting surface.
3.9.4
5
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reciprocally incorporated lamps
a device with separate light source or single light source operating under different
circumstances (such as optical, mechanical and electrical differences), and common
apparent surface and common lamp body in whole or in part, in the direction of the
reference axis
Note: For the rear-registration plate illuminating devices and Category 5 and 6 direction-indicatorlamp,
the apparent surface in this definition is replaced by the light emitting surface.
3.9.5
single-function lamp
the relevant part of a device that produces a single illumination or light signal function
3.9.6
concealable lamp
the lamp that can be partially or wholly concealed by moving the cover, or the lamp, or by
other appropriate methods when not in use
3.9.7
driving-beam headlamp; main-beam headlamp
the lamp for lighting up the road at a long distance in front of the vehicle
3.9.8
passing-beam headlamp; dipped-beam headlamp
the lamp for lighting up the road in front of the vehicle without glare or discomfort to the
driver and other road user
3.9.8.1
principal passing-beam; principal dipped-beam
a passing beam excluding infrared (IR) emitter and/or an additional light source for bend
lighting
3.9.9
direction-indicatorlamp
the lamp for indicating to other road users that the vehicle will turn right or left
Note: The direction-indicatorlamp also may be a part of the vehicle warning system.
3.9.10
stop lamp
the lamp for indicating to other road users in rear of the vehicle that the vehicle is braking
3.9.11
6
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rear-registration plate illuminating device
a device for illuminating the space area of the rear-registration plate, which may consist of
several optical elements
3.9.12
front position lamp
the lamp that indicates the presence and width of the vehicle when viewed from the front
of the vehicle
3.9.13
rear position lamp
the lamp that indicates the presence and width of the vehicle when viewed from the rear of
the vehicle
3.9.14
retro-reflector
a device that indicates the presence of a vehicle to an observer located near a light source
by reflecting light from an external light source
3.9.15
conspicuity marking
the combination of reflective materials installed or pasted on the surface of the vehicle
body to enhance the vehicle’s identifiability when viewed from the side or rear of the
vehicle (or from the front of the trailer)
3.9.16
hazard warning signal
a signaling by turning on all the direction-indicatorlamps of the vehicle to show other road
users that the vehicle has some special danger temporarily
3.9.17
front fog lamp
the lamp that is used to improve lighting of the road in front of the vehicle in foggy weather
or similar low-visibility conditions
3.9.18
rear fog lamp
the lamp that makes the vehicle more visible when viewed from the rear of the vehicle in
foggy weather or similar low-visibility conditions
3.9.19
reversing lamp
the lamp for lighting up the road in rear of the vehicle and warning to other road users that
the vehicle is reversing.
