Civics
chapter 1
The Indian constitution
● Society has constitutive rules that make it and differentiate it from other kinds of
societies. In large societies in which different communities of people live together,
constitutive rules are formulated through consensus, and in modern countries, this
consensus is available in written form, which we call a constitution
● The constitution is the absolute rule and regulation of the country
● Every democratic country has a constitution
● But not every country that has a constitution needs to be democratic
● Laws are needed for a country for proper function
● This constitution is full of rules and regulations to govern our country
● December 9 1946 first meeting at The constituent assembly
● December 11 1946 Dr Rajendra Prasad elected as President {head of 300 members
of constitution assembly}
● to write and finish the Indian constitution it totally take 2 years 11 months 18 days
● Constitution of India was adopted at November 26 1946
● Indian constitution came to people forcefully and January 26 1950
● The constitution is a set of rules by which the government rules our country
● It is the supreme law of land
● In 1934 the Indian National Congress made the demand for a constituent assembly
● Between December 1946 and November 1949 the constituent assembly drafted a
constitution for independent India
● The constitution of India is the supreme law of India
● They frame powers and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental
rights ,directive principles and the duties of citizen
● It is the longest written constitution in the world
● Dr Ambedkar was the chairman of the constitution drafting committee
● That assembly approved the constitution on November 26 1949 and took effect on
January 26 1950
● National emblem was adopted in January 26 1950 the day India was declared
republic with its constitution coming into effect
Timeline of the Indian constitution
The making of India's constitution
1. December 9 1946 first meeting of the constituent assembly
2. December 11 1946 Dr Rajendra Prasad elected as its president
3. August 29 1947 drafting committee appointed
4. November 4 1947 draft constitution submitted
5. November 26 1949 drafting completed
6. January 24 1950 the handwritten constitution signed
7. January 26 1950 constitution legally enforced
2 years 11 months 18 days time taken to prepare the final draft
2000 amendments made before it was finalized
Why does a country need a constitution?
● Most countries have constitution
● The constitution serves several purposes
● A constitution tells about the fundamental nature of our society
● A constitution help serves as a set of rules and principles that all person in a
country can agree upon as the basis of the way in which they want the country to be
governed
● Monarchy is opposite to democracy, in monarchy the full control will be with the
king but in democratic country the power will not be with one person but with the
people is the one who decides who is the representative should rule
● To bring these under the rules of regulations constitution plays an important role
● If the representatives misuse the power also, we have the power to remove them
from their role which written in the constitution
A features of Indian constitution
1. Federalism : existence of more than one level of government in the country. The
country more level of government should be, then only properly we can guide them
equally. So in India the three levels of government Gram Panchayat, state and
Central Government
2. Parliamentary form of Government : this gives people of India a direct role in
electing, their representatives irrespective of his or her social background. These
representatives are accountable to people. Constitution of India gives as a
guarantee that any person of age 18 or above 18 years can vote in an election or
they can stand in election. There is no caste, background and gender discrimination.
3. Separation of power : to run over constitution properly the divided Government of
India a three organs in state level
● Legislature -refers to our elected representative
● Executive-group of people who responsible for implementing laws and running
the government
● Judiciary-system of quotes in the country
4. Fundamental rights : there are 6 fundamental rights
● Right to equality - all are equal
● Right to freedom-right to move freely
● Against exploitation- a student below 14 years should not work employee
● Freedom of religion -religion is the choice they can choose any religion and they can
also change it
● Cultural and educational rights-they can develop their own culture and they having
all the educational rights to study to learn and everything
● Constitutional remedies- can go to court if fundamental rights are disobeyed in
state
● Fundamental rights have two fold objectives:
1. Every citizen must be in a position to claim fundamental rights
2. Fundamental rights must be binding upon every authority that has got the power
to make laws.
*The constitution also has a section called directive principles of State policy which
ensures greater social and economic reforms serves as a guide to the independent
Indian state institute laws and policies
5. Secularism: secular state is one in which the state does not officially promote any
one religion as the state religion
Question number 1 what is the name of Indian constitution book?
Answer the constitution of India iasta Bharatiya samvidhana
Question number 2 how many pages are present in the Indian constitution ?
