LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

QUARTER I/ SEMESTER I

Name:____________________________________________________Score:_______

Grade & Section _________________________Subject: EARTH SCIENCE

Name of Teacher: GAYLORD BRENT R. RABANG Date: _____________

I. Title: Multi-faceted Mineral and Society

II. Type of Activity: Concept notes with formative activities

LAS for summative assessment ( Written Work Performance Task)

III.MELC: Identify the minerals important to society (S11ES-Ic-7)

IV. Learning Objective/s:

Recognize the countries’ rich mineral resources
Locate ores in relationship to relative geological processes
Elaborate notable minerals and their varied functions
V. V. Reference/s
For Print Material/s:

Olivar III, J. T. Rodolfo, R. S. & Cabria, H. Exploring Life Through Science

Series-Earth Science, pp. 43-44

Religioso, T. F.& Vengco, L. G., Discovering Earth and Solar System, pp. 41-43

For Online Resource/s:

21 Essential Minerals and 16 Trace Minerals Your Body Absolutely Needs.

Retrieved at https://juicing-for-health.com/essential-minerals on July 20, 2020.

THE PHILIPPINE MINERAL RESOURCES ACCOUNTS. Retrieved at

https://psa.gov.ph/content/mineral-resources on July 21, 2020

VI. Concept notes with formative activities

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Mineral-rich Philippines
Tectonic setting of the Philippines where
processes of volcanism & plate convergence have
resulted in the deposition of MTLC & NMTLC
minerals. Fifth most mineralized country, THIRD in
gold reserves, FOURTH in copper, FIFTH for
Nickel. 30% of country’s land area are believed to
contain MTLC minerals, 5M hectares are potential
for NMTLC mineral reserves.
• Offshore areas
Covering 2.2M km2 contains gold, magnetite and chromite-bearing sands, aggregate
resources, decorative stones and polymetallic sulfide deposits. The country’s estimated
overall mineral reserves are estimated to be about 14.5 billion metric tons of metallic
minerals, about 68 billion metric tons of non-metallic minerals
• Local Minerals
Important metallic mineral found in abundance: gold, copper, iron, chromite, nickel,
cobalt & platinum
Nonmetallic: sand, gravel, limestones, marble, clay and other quarry materials
Copper and gold producers- Baguio and Mankayan in Benguet
Surigao-Davao contributes production of gold in the country.
Palawan and Surigao- Major producers of Nickel

Ores and Minerals

Ores are naturally-occurring materials that can profitably mined. It can be a rock or
mineral, metallic or non-metallic. A deposit is a potential ore body if its localized
abundance is greater than its average abundance or distribution on Earth’s crust. It is
considered as a rock or a mineral based on the ff:
• Over-all chemical composition
• Percentage of extractable resource with respect to its total volume
• Market value of the resource
Certain places on Earth are more likely to have certain ores. Geologists search for the
places that might have ore deposits. For example, if you want copper, you need to look
at regions with a particular geology. Copper is often found where hot fluids came off of a
magma intrusion. Aluminum is found in intensely weathered soils in tropical areas.
Some of the valuable deposits may be hidden underground. Some may be at the
surface.
To find a mineral deposit, geologists study a lot of places. They then go to a spot where
that type of mineral deposit could be found. They test the properties of the soil and
rocks. They look at the chemistry and the physical properties. They determine if a
mineral deposit is nearby.

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After a mineral deposit is found, geologists determine how big it is. They may drill holes.
They will test the chemistry of the rock from the holes. Using this information, they will
outline the deposit on a map. This will allow them to determine the size and the
concentration of ore minerals. The geologists then
calculate the total amount of valuable minerals they
think are in the deposit. The ore will only be mined if it
is profitable. If it is profitable, then the mineral deposit
is called an ore deposit.
The bauxite is a rock that contains minerals that are
used to make aluminum.
If a mineral deposit is not profitable to mine, it is not
Bauxite ore an ore deposit. If conditions change, a deposit may
become profitable that wasn't before. Or an ore deposit
may no longer be profitable to mine. What could occur to make these changes? The
price of the ore could rise or fall. The price of extracting the ore could
change. For example, if the ore is hard to get at and the price of fuel
goes up, this may make the mineral deposit unprofitable to mine.
An ore is a rock that contains important minerals. Example of ore
deposits include:
1. Magmatic Ore Deposits- found within rock types derived from the
crystallization of magmas. Minerals can form soon as magma cools
down
Examples: chromite (FeCr2O4), magnetite (Fe3O4), platinum (Pt) and
Nickel-Copper Deposits
2. Hydrothermal Ore Deposits
This contain concentration of metallic minerals formed by the precipitation of solids
from hot mineral-laden water (hydrothermal solution). Remember that minerals can also
be dissolved, can form precipitates when it becomes saturated and deposited to other
rock body. Hydrothermal solutions are residual watery fluids derived during the later
stages of magma crystallization that may contain amount of dissolve minerals.
Examples: Vein type deposits such as Gold deposit

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 3. Sedimentary Ore Deposits
These are deposits formed by
sedimentation. Some valuable
substances are concentrated by
chemical precipitation coming
from lakes or seawater. Some
entire beds of marine sedimentary
rocks contain enough metal to be
considered ore.
Water containing carbonic acid
and other solutions with high pH, are dissolved as carbonates from rocks rich in iron
and manganese. These are carried to bodies of water and deposits as ore beds for
minerals like siderite and rhodochrosite. In some instance, oxides may be deposited like
limonite, hematite and pyrolusite. Limonite can be altered to hematite or magnetite
when it undergoes metamorphism.
4. Placer Ore Deposits
Deposits formed by the concentration of valuable substances through gravity separation
during sedimentary processes. They are deposited through weathering of primary
minerals and transport by streams

A type of deposit that results

from the accumulation of
valuable materials through
chemical weathering processes.
Important factors for the
formation of residual deposit
include parent rock composition,
climate (tropical and sub-
tropical: must be favorable for
chemical decay) and relief (must not be high to allow accumulation).
Examples: bauxites and nickeliferous laterites.
An ore deposit must be profitable to mine. If it is no longer profitable, it is no longer an
ore deposit.
A mineral or rock body containing high concentration of the require resource maybe
considered a good ore if it is too expensive to mine, too far to transport to a market or if
the additional cost (labor, mine management and environmental protection) outweighs
the potential profit to be made.
Ore Bodies are unevenly distributed throughout Earth’s crust. This is the main reason
why a country will never be self-sufficient in terms of natural resources and supplies.
Even if a country can meet its own needs and for a natural material today, its local
resources will run out, requiring for import.
Locating Ores in details:
1. Hydrothermal fluid circulation. This forms when groundwater or seawater is heated
magma or when hot aqueous solutions are expelled from plutonic body. This produce
veins that host metals like gold, silver, and copper.

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2. Metamorphic Processes. Leads to the alteration and recrystallization of minerals and
aids the formation and localization of economically-important materials like graphite,
marble, and asbestos.
3. Magmatic processes- create ore mineral which are concentrated due to their
premature recrystallization and separation from magma. Chromite is the first to
crystallize from basaltic magma. But because of the chromite crystals are solid and
therefore denser than the surrounding molten magma, the chromite tends to accumulate
at the bottom of the magma chamber.
4. Kimberlite magma, originated deep within the mantle
is the source of diamonds, which only crystallize at
depths greater than 150km. Kimberlite magmas are
erupted very rapidly from depth onto the Earth’s surface.
Their passage through the crust and eventual
solidification leaves behind kimberlite pipes, which are
highly prized as diamond ores.
5. Chemical sedimentary processes form evaporate
deposits from the precipitation of saltwater minerals
(halite, gypsum, limestone) and evaporation of lake
waters (anhydrite).
6. the action of ocean waves or currents in flowing surface water tend to take sediments
along. If the wave action and strength is constant, it causes selective sifting effect that
removes sediments
7. Exposure to oxygen and water undergo chemical weathering, that is chemical
changes in their mineral components that result in their alteration into other minerals
and into the formation of residual ore deposits. Many of the altered materials are
economically important such as laterite, which is important ore or iron, nickel, and/or
aluminum.
Minerals and their Economic Uses
In households, we use toothpaste that contains fluorite mineral. Face
powder contains talk- the softest mineral. In the kitchen, salts are
commonly used to enhance flavors of food. Kitchen utensils like
casserole is made of aluminum- a light and durable metal, and
stainless wares that contains mostly of iron, chromium and carbon.
Also, minerals such as silicon, silver and gold are used as components
of gadgets like cellphones and computers. Copper is mostly used
electrical wiring because it is less expensive.
In construction, skyscrapers that tower up to 50
stories high, use durable minerals like iron steel-a combination of iron
and carbon and concrete that contain limestone, lime and chalk that
make them stand still against wind and earthquake. They also use
glass made up of quartz and silica. Floors are made up of granite and
marble. Aluminum are used in window and door panels.

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 In taking care of our oral health, dentist may use tools made up
of titanium-a strong and light metal that can be used for surgical
and cleaning purposes. Gypsum is also used as a plaster cast,
and alloys like stainless steel that primarily composed of iron,
chromium, and carbo in their tools go with this purpose.
In cars parts, 65% is taken by steel
responsible for steering and
suspension. Steel is durable and
flexible and resistant to dust. Aluminum is a rival for some
cars made up mainly of steel. Auto’s aluminum parts offers a
lighter, no excess load, maneuvering better run and somehow
would require less push from its fuel. Iron is also used to
make cars. Iron was used more often in the past and has
been used less-but assuring durability. Titanium is an exotic metal that is extremely
strong, lightweight and resistant to corrosion. This mineral belongs to the intake and
exhaust valves in car-assumingly what a car.
Nuclear power plant makes use of radioactive minerals like Uranium to source out
energy as a product of a nuclear reaction. Batteries in cars makes use of nickel, copper
and lithium.
In agriculture, NPK fertilizers contains important minerals
for plant growth. This includes nitrogen, potassium and
phosphorus. Moreover, mineral lime is used to lower
down soil acidity.
For health, pharmaceutical industries manufacture food
supplements that contain essential minerals for the body
like calcium, magnesium and zinc. Look into 21 essential
minerals in the body. Some can be taken only via having food supplements since there
is a scarce in probable sources of these minerals.
Minerals can also cause harm. Talc might contain asbestos that is a cancer-causing
agent. Talc is widely used in cosmetics industry and has had huge regulations on it.
Nuclear power plants produce radioactive wastes that maybe harmful when
mismanaged. Oversupply of fertilizers can cause eutrophication to bodies of water.
Trace minerals as products of mining can deteriorate soil nutrient and fertility.
You can do this!
Task 1: Make your choice! Select the letter that corresponds your answer.
1. Ore is a rock that contains minerals at very high concentrations.
True False

2. All mineral ores are found underground.

True False

3. When locating mineral deposits, geologists will __________?

A. Evaluate the types of rocks in an area.
B. Look at the geologic history of an area.
C. Look at the types of animals living in an area.
D. All of the above

4. Which type of ore deposit is largely found in the Philippines?

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 A. Placer deposit C. Sedimentary ore deposit
B. Residual deposit D. Hydrothermal ore deposit

5. In what type of ore deposit is gold commonly found?

A. Placer deposit C. Sedimentary ore deposit
B. Residual ore deposit D. Hydrothermal ore deposit

Task 2. Minerals Matter. Read each question carefully and shade the bubble that
corresponds your answer.
1. What mineral is important in making toothpaste to fight tooth decay?
A. Calcium C. Zinc
B. Carbon D. Fluorite
2. Titanium is light and is a light and durable and non-allergenic metal. In which industry
is it MOST suitable to use?
A. Energy production
B. Medical industry
C. Agriculture
D. Space exploration

3. Gold and diamond are usually mined through panning of sediments in streams and
lakes. What type of ore deposit is this?
A. Placer deposit
B. Hydrothermal ore deposit
C. Residual deposit
D. Sedimentary ore deposit

4. Which of the following semi-metallic minerals is used as electrical components to

gadgets and computes
A. Copper C. Silicon
B. Gold D. Silver

5. Which is a radioactive mineral used to source out heat from enabling nuclear energy?
A. Rubidium C. Silicon
B. Pyrite D. Uranium

Task 3. Bag raid! Here is Dora’s bag and she would like to explore Vigan. Being a
tourist guide, recommend Dora what 10 things (pasalubongs/essentials) from Vigan she
would use of can bring home. Make sure that the things you recommend contain
minerals on it.
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

You can do more!

Task 4. Eyes on the shimmer! Below are common minerals. Give where could these
minerals originate or could be located.

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 Mineral Mineral Location/Origin
Bauxite
Copper
Magnetite
Gypsum
Diamond
Laterite
Asbestos

Task 5. Mineral Delight. Give the uses of the following minerals to your own
everyday living.
Mineral Uses
Halite
Aluminum
Iron
Gold
Phosphate

Task 6. Let’s enlist! Knowing the minerals we encounter every day, fill the table with
the minerals used in every sector of human’s life.

Challenge Yourself!
Task 7. Let’s get curious! Below are clarifying question on you readings on the
concept notes. Answer them based on facts and adhering to scientific explanation.
1. How can an ore deposit become unprofitable to mine? ___________________
_________________________________________________________________

2. How do geologists find an ore deposit? ________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. How do geologists determine the size and concentration of ore? ____________

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__________________________________________________________________
4. Why do you think diamond costs immensely expensive compared to other minerals?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
5. Are all minerals mined underground? Support your answer with examples.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Task 8. Let’s dissect! Know the minerals present in your phone! Cellular phones is an
essential thing every person a person should have now. Knowing the importance of the
cellphone, it is also important to know what components are put together to make it
function efficiently and aesthetically excellent. In this activity, label and identify salient
minerals that make up the parts of a cellphone. Make sure to draw a line from the part
where the mineral could be located. Also, state the mineral’s function on the phone.
Note that the picture is only generic and some phones may differ in specifications. The
minerals are not limited to the cellphone type/unit showed.

Task 9. The geologist in you. There has been rumors that the an river in between
Caoayan and Santa house a rich source of gold. In their practice, the plunge to the
shallow part of the river, manually collect soil/mud in the river bed and sieve the soil with
continuing water to flush unnecessary sediments thus, gold will stay in small fragments.
Supposing that you are a local geologist and assigned to assess the presence of gold in
the area, what questions/factors do you have in mind to be the determining factors for
your assessment? What points will you be looking into/asking to prompt that there are
potential mineral deposit? Name or state at least 5 questions and elaborate why you
came up with such point or question.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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 Level Up!
Task 10. Let’s put them on the spot! We have learned in this chapter how minerals
are located and specifically formed and the processes it undergoes. Pick one mineral
and read its profile origin, and where could we locate such mineral. Afterwards, relate
yourself to that mineral, give instances/own experiences and characteristic where you
could incorporate the same processes and the quality of mineral or its use that it came
about. Share at least three minerals.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

Task 11. Raise your flag! Having the background on how mineral-rich the country is,
make an itinerary of locations, sites and products that promotes the mineral assets of
the Philippines from Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Below is a map of the Philippines
and your task is to draw a track from one spot to another. Label each point (pointed
where this feature is located) with the certain mineral feature and tell a little bit
information about the site/product.

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Task 12. Essentiality, check? There are 21 essential minerals required by the human
body. They are called essential as the body cannot produce them, and without them,
you can become seriously ill. Check on these and list down 10 of these minerals you
think you poorly know or minerals you need to get for regular intake. After which,
suggest a complete meal (attainable to a typical Filipino meal) composing of breakfast,
lunch dinner and merienda to fulfill your health with the minerals you presented.
Essential Mineral What does it do to your body? Possible Food Source/s

My Meal Plan:
Breakfast Meal:
Rich in (what mineral/s):
Meal Add-ons(sides/drinks):

Lunch Meal:
Rich in (what mineral/s):
Meal Add-ons(sides/drinks):

Morning/Afternoon Merienda:
Rich in (what mineral/s):
Meal Add-ons(sides/drinks):

Lunch Meal:
Rich in (what mineral/s):
Meal Add-ons(sides/drinks):

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