SYNOPSIS 2022

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FIRST
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Synopsis
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LONG CASES

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Synopsis Question Bank
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Contents

Subjects Page No.

ANATOMY

Anatomy Paper- I 3-47

Anatomy Paper- II 48-85

Term Question 86-96

PHYSIOLOGY
Physiology Paper- I 97-128

Physiology Paper- II 129-157

Term Question 158-168

BIOCHEMISTRY
Biochemistry Paper- I 169-204

Biochemistry Paper- II 205-243

Term Question 244-263

"My Lord, increase me in knowledge."

Surah Ta-ha (20:114)
"Read In the name of your Lord Who created man
from Alaq (Leech-like clot)"
[Qur'an, Al-Alaq (96):1-3]
 Anatomy Paper : I 3

ANATOMY
4 Anatomy Paper : I

MARKS DISTRIBUTION
Full Marks-500

Component Marks Total Marks

Formative assessment 10+10 20

WRITTEN EXAMINATION
paper-I MCQ 20

SAQ 70

paper-II MCQ 20 180

SAQ 70

ORAL EXAMINATION (Structured)

Hard part 75 150

Soft part 75

PRACTICAL EXAMINATION

Soft part
Objective structured practical Exam (OSPE) 30

Dissection 30

15 75
Anatomy of Radiology and imaging

Hard part
OSPE 30

Lucky slides 20 75

20
Living Anatomy
Practical Khata 05

Grand Total 500

Paper-I Paper-II
Group-A Group-A
Cell Biology Abdomen

General histology Inferior Extremity with respective

General Embryology Histology, Systemic Embryology and

Genetics Gross Anatomy

General Anatomy Group-BERZ
Basic Principle of Anatomy of Radiology and Imaging Superior Extremity with respective
Group-B Histology, Systemic Embryology and
Central Nervous System Gross Anatomy
Head and Neck with respective Histology, systemic
Embryology and Gross Anatomy
 Anatomy Paper : I 5

ANATOMY
PAPER-I
Contents

Histology
Embryology

62502
12
Head and Neck...
15
Brain and Eye Ball .20
University (SAQ).. .24
University (MCQ)..
.33

"And certainly did I create man from an extract of clay. Then I made him as a
Nutfah (mixed drops of the male and female sexual discharge) in a safe lodging. then
of that fluid-drop (Nutfah) I created a leech-like clot (Alaq),then I changed the
eech-like clot (Alaqa) into a chewed-like lump (Mudgha), then I made that chewed
like lump of flesh (mudgha) into bones; and clothed the bones with flesh; then I
developed out of it another creature. So blessed be Allah, the best to create."
[Qur'an, Al-Mumenoon (23):14]
6 Anatomy Paper : I

HISTOLOGY
Cell
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Draw and label the structure of a cell membrane. (DU: M-19/18, Nov-19/16, Ja-15)
Or, Draw and label the ultra structure of cell membrane showing the arrangements of lipids and
proteins.(DU: Oct-21,Ju-11)
*** 2.
Give an account of the arrangement of protein in the cell membrane. (DU: Nov-15, Ju-13).
** 3. Give an account of the electron microscopic/fluid mosaic model structure of Cell membrane. (DU: Ja-06)
Or, Explain why the tructure of a cell membrane is characterized as a fluid mosaic model
(DU: Jan-22,Ju-10)
*** 4. Write down the functions of cell membrane. (DU: M-19, Nov-16, Ja-07/06)
** 5. Give the structure, locations and functions of microvilli. (DU: Ju-13)
*** 6. Define organelle. (DU: M-16, Ja-11, Ju-06)
Or, What are the organelles? (DU: Nov-19, Ju-15/14)
*** 7. Enumerate the membrane bound organelles. (DU: Nov-18/17, Ju-15/14, Ja-11, Ju-06, M-16)
Or, Describe two of membranous/non membranous organelles present is a typical animal cell? (DU: Ja-07)
** 8. Name the inclusions of a typical cell & their functions. (DU: Ja-07)
Mention the differences between cell organelles and inclusion. (DU: Ju-14/11)
*** 9. Name the cytoskeletons of a cell & their functions. (DU: Oct-21,M-16)
*** 10. Give the types, structure and functions of endoplasmic reticulum. (DU: Ju-15)
*** 11. What are the functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum? (DU: May-20,Ju-14)
*** 12. Write about the structure & function of mitochondria (DU: Nov-17/15, Ja-14/09)
*** 13. Draw and label mitochondria. (DU: Nov-17)
*** 14. Mention the structure and functions of golgi apparatues.(DU: May-20,Nov-19)
*** 15. Explain anatomically/ developmentally/histologically:
Mitochondria is known as powerhouse of cell- (DU: Ja-16/12/10)
*** 16. Mention the structure and function of cell (Use diagram) (DU: Nov-18)
** 17. Short note:

Arrangement of proteins in cell membrane (DU: Ju-12)

More Questions:
** 1. Mention the function of cell membrane protein. (DU: Ju-10)
2. Name the inclusions of a typical cell & their functions.
* 3. Give the parts & forms of chromosome at different stages of cell division. (DU: Ju-09)
* 4. Short note on:

i) Endoplasmic reticulum
ii) Chromosome / Structure of Chromosome.
iii) Mitochondria (DU: Ja-08)
iv) Structure of Chromosome (DU: Ja-08)
Cell Division
Exclusive Questions:
* 1. Define cell division. What are the types of cell division? (DU: Ju-06)
*** 2. Define cell cycle. Enumerate the changes & duration of different stages of cell cycle. (DU: M-19, Ju-09)
** 3. State the process of mitotic cell division. (DU: Ja-12)
*** 4. Write briefly on interphage of a cell cycle. (DU: Jan-22)
** 5. What are the different stages of prophase of first meiotic cell division? (DU: Ja-13)
*** 6. Give differences between mitosis & meiosis. (DU: Ja-15, Ja-16)
Or,Give the differences between mitotic and meiotic cell division. (DU: Ja-15/12/09, Ju-10)
*** 7. Describe the events occurring during the prophase of 1st meiotic cell division. (DU: May-20)
*** 8. Enumerate the importance of meiotic cell division. (DU: M-19)
 Anatomy Paper : I 7

*** 9. Explain histologically/ embryologically/anatomically why:

i) Crossing over occur in meiotic cell division. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-15, Ju-13)
Or, Mitotic-I cell devision. (DU: M-18)
ii) Centriole is essential for cell division. (DU: Nov-17, Ju-14)
iii) Mitotic division gives raise to identical daughter cells. (DU: Nov-18)
More Questions:

* 1. What do you mean by G, phase? Where is it present? (DU: Ju-09)

Epithelial Tissue
Exclusive Questions:

*** 1. Define epithelial tissue. Give their characteristic features & functions. (DU: Nov-16, M-15, Ja-16/15)
Or, Give the charecterstics features of epithelial tissue. (DU: Jan-22,Nov-19/18)
*** 2.
Classify epithelial tissue with examples. (DU: Nov-15, Ja-08)
*** 3. Classify surface epithelium with example. (DU: Ja-15, Ja-09)
Or, Classify covering epithelium with examples. (DU: Nov-19/18, M-17, Ju-11)
** 4. Give the functions of each covering epithelium. (DU: Ju-11)
*** 5.
Give the structure, Location & function of microvilli. (DU: Jan-22)
*** 6. Write briefly on cilia. (DU: Oct-21)
** 7.
*** 8.
Write down the types & characteristic features of stratified squamous epithelium. (DU: Ju-12)
Mention the locations of stratified squamous epithelium. (DU: M-16)
Or, Mention the locations of stratified squamous epithelium with their functional implication (DU: Ju-12)
*** 9.
Give the general features of pseudostratifiedcolumnar epithelium & their distribution. (DU: Ja-13)
Or, Write a brief note on pseudostratified cilliated columnar epithelium. (DU: M-17)
*** 10. Explain anatomically/developmentally/histologically:
(i) Simple columnar epithelium lines most of the part of GIT (DU: Ja-16)
(ii) Transitional epithelium lines urinary bladder (DU: Ju-15)
(iii) Oesophagus is lined by non- keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. (DU: M-18, Ja-12)
(iv) Tight junction is found in the superfacial layer of transitional epithelium. (DU: M-17)
Or, Tight junction present in urinary bladder. (DU: Nov-18)
(v) Cillia is present in the respiratory tract. (DU: M-19)
*** 11. Short note:
i) Simple columnar epithelium (DU: Ja-12)
Or, Function and distribution of Simple columnar epithelium (DU: Nov-17)
More Questions:
* 1. How transitional epithelium prevents reabsorption? (DU: Ja-07)
* 2. Give the structure of basement membrane. (DU: Ja-08)
* 3. Define tissue. Give the main characteristics of the four basic types of tissue.
*
4.
Give the features, structure function of transitional epithelium. (DU: Ja-06)
* 5. Explain Anatomically / Developmentally / Histologically.
i) Lung alveoli are lined by simple squamous epithelium. (DU: Ja-07)
: Ja-08)

Glandular Epithelium
Exclusive Questions:
** 1. What is gland? (DU: Ja-11/07/06)
*** 2. Classify gland (DU: Ju-11/09/07)
Or, Classify gland with example in each case. (DU: M-16, Ja-13)
Or, Classify gland on the basis of mode of secretion with example.(DU: M-18)
** 3. Give the locations and functions of goblet cells (DU: Ja-13)

** 4. Explain anatomically/histologically/developmentally:
i) Sebaceous gland is holocrine type of gland. (DU: Ja-12)
8 Anatomy Paper : 1
More Questions:
*** 1. Draw & lebel of microscopic structure of adrenal cortex. (DU: Jan-22)
* 2. Explain anatomically / histologically / developmentally: why/how:
i) Goblet cells are numerous in large intestine. (DU: Ju-10)

Connective Tissue
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Classify connective tissue (DU: Nov-17, Ju-14, Ja-12/10)
Or, Classify connective tissue proper.(DU: M-18)
Or, Classify connective tissue with examples (DU:Ju-14)
*** 2. Mention the connective tissue cells with their functions. (DU: Nov-16, Ju-15, Ja-12)
Or, Name the connective tissue cells. (DU: M-18)
** 3. Give the characteristics and functions of connective tissue. (DU: Ja-12/10)
*** 4. Describe the fibroblast & macrophage. (DU: Ja-07)
Or, Structure and function of fibroblast (DU: Ja-15)
*** 5. Give the types & distribution of collagen fiber. (DU: Nov-16, Ja-14)
*** 6. Mention the distribution of elastic fiber. (DU: Nov-17)
*** 7. Draw & label structure of basement membrane (DU: M-15, Ja-08)
*** 8. Write down structure, location, function of loose connective tissue (DU: M-15)

Or, Draw and label light microscopic structure of loose connective tissue. (DU: M-17)
*** 9. Draw & lebel of microscop structure of loose areolae tissue. (DU: Jan-22)
*** 10. Mention the sites where dense regular and irregular connective tissues are found. (DU: Nov-17, Ju-10)
*** 11. Draw fibroblast and mention its functions. (DU: M-18)
*** 12. Writre briefly on classification and functions of neuroglia. (DU: M-19)
*** 13. Explain histologically / embryologically why:
(i) Tendons and ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue. (DU: Ju-13)
(ii) Fibroblast contains abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum. (DU: M-16)
** 14. Short note:
i) Fibroblast cell. (DU Ja-11)
More Questions:
* 1. Discuss how epithelium differs from connective tissue.
* 2. Name the connective tissue fibers. Write down their functions & distributions. (DU: Ju-08)
* 3. Give the differences between different types of connective tissue fibers. (DU: 08)

Cartilage
Exclusive Questions:
* 1. Mention the distribution of cartilage. (DU: Ja-09, Ju-07)
*** 2. Mention the differences between cartilage and bones. (DU: Ja-15/13)
*** 3. Explain matrix of hyaline cartilage appears homogenous under microscope. (DU: May-20)
*** 4. Mention the histological features & location of elastic cartilage. (DU: Jan-22)
*** 5. Draw and label the light microscopic structure of hyalin cartilage. (DU:M-19)
*** 6. Short note:

i) Fibro cartilage- its structure and distribution. (DU: M-17)

ii) Structure and functions of intervertebral disc. (DU: Nov-19/17)

More Questions:
* 1. Classify cartilages with example and distribution. (DU: Ju-07)
 Anatomy Paper : I

* 2.
Write down the histological differences between different types of cartilages. Mention the
distribution of cartilage. (DU: Ja-09)
* 3. Give the differences between different types of cartilages. (DU: Ju-07)
Bone

Exclusive Questions:

** 1. Write down the composition of bone. (DU: Ja-11)

*** 2. Mention the functions of bone cells. (DU: M-19)
** 3. Give the structure of Haversian system (DU: Ju-13)
*** 4. Draw and label Haversian system (DU: Ja-08)
Or, Draw and label the Haversian system of compact bone. (DU: Oct-21,Ja- 16, Nov-17/15, Ju-13)
Or, Draw and label the light microscopic structure of Haversian system of compact bone. (DU: Nov-19)
*** 5. Give an account of the characteristic features of long bone. (DU: Ja-15/10)
*** 6. Give the artery supply of a long bone. (DU: Ju-15, Ja-15/07)
Or,What is growing end? Give blood supply of developing long bone/long bone.(DU: Oct-21,Ja-15, Ja-12)
Or, Draw and label arterial supply of growing long bone. (DU: Nov-18, M-17)
*** 7. Give the differences between bone & cartilage. (DU: Ja-15/11)
*** 8. Describe the structure & functions of periosteum. (DU: M-18, Ja-12)
*** 9. Define epiphysis? Write down the types of epiphysis with example (DU: Nov-16, Ju-12, Ja-08/07)
*** 10. Explain Anatomically why:
Periosteum contains osteoprogenitor cells. (DU: M-15)
i Metacarpal bone is a miniature long bone. (DU: Nov-18)
iii) Pneumatic bonres are present in the skull. (DU: Nov-19)
** 11. Short note: i) Types of Epiphysis. (DU: Ju-13)
More Questions:
* 1. Give the histological structure of compact bone. (DU: Ja-08)
* 2. Give the location & functions of individual bone cells. (DU: Ja-08)
** 3. Give the morphological classification of bone. (DU: Ja-10)
** 4. Explain anatomically / histologically / developmentally: why/how:
i) Long bone grows both in length and breath. (DU: Ju-09)
* 5. Define diaphysis & metaphysis. (DU: Ja-08/07)
6. Short note on: Epiphysis
Ossification

Exclusive Questions:
** 1. Define ossification. (DU: Ju-10, Ja-08)
** 2. Give the differences between intramembranous and intra cartilaginous ossification. (DU: Ju-12, Ja-10)
** 4. Names the bones of axial skeleton where different types of ossification takes place. (DU: Ju-10)
*** 3. Explain anatomically/developmentally/ histologically:
Periosteum takes part in repair of bone fracture. (DU: Jan-22,Ja-10)
Periosteum plays a role in formation of new bone. (DU: Ju-11)
iv) Lower end of fibula violet the law of ossification. (DU: M-16, Ja-09)
How periosteum is attached to the long bone. (DU: Nov-15, Ja-13)
wi) Lower end of the radius is the growing end. (DU: M-19)
Questions:
* 1. Mention the laws of ossification. (DU: Ju-09/08, Ja-08)
* 2. What are the types of ossification? Mention the basic differences between them. (DU: Ja-08)
Joints

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Define is joint? (DU: Jan-22,M-14,Ju-12/05, Ja-11)
*** 2. Classify joints with example. (DU: Oct-21,M-19, Ja-16)
*** 3. Classify synovial joints with examples. (DU: Jan-22,Nov-18, Ju-15/13, Ja-14)
Or,Classify synovial joints according to axis. (DU: M-16)
10
Anatomy Paper : I
** 4.
Draw and label a typical synovial joint. (DU: May-18, Ju-12)
*** 5. Give features of a typical synovial joint. (DU: Jan-22,Nov-15, Ja-13/10, Ju-14/10)
Or, Mention characteristic feature of synovial joint. (DU: Nov-17)
*** 6. Mention the function of a synovial membrane. (DU: M-15)
*** 7. Name the factor responsible for stability of joint. (DU: Ja-15/13)
Or, How stability of a synovial joint is maintained?. (DU: Nov-17)
** 8. What movement could occur in a ball & socket type ofjoint? (DU: Ja-11)
*** 9. Name the different types of fibrous joints with examples. (DU: Nov-15, Ju-14, Ja-10)
** 10. How fibrous joint is formed. (DU: Ju-14, Ja-10)
*** 11. What are the types of cartilaginous joint? Differentiate in between them. (DU: M-15)
** 12. How a primary cartilaginous joint differ from secondary cartilaginous joint. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-17)
*** 13. Give the characteristic features of secondary cartilaginous joint. (DU: Ju-14)
*** 14. Explain anatomically:
Ball and Socket type of joint provides the greatest range of movement of all synovial joint
(DU: Nov-16. Ja-15)
Fibro cartilage is present in secondary cartilaginous joint. (DU: Ju-12)
More Questions:
* 1. How intervertebral disc acts as a shock absorber? (DU: Ja-06)
* 2. Write short note on:
(i) Fibrous joint.
(ii) Ellipsoid joint. (Ja-09)

Muscular Tissue

Exclusive Questions:
* 1. Classify muscular tissue. (DU: Ja-07)
*** 2. Draw & label the light microscopic structure of
i) Skeletal muscle (DU: Ja-14)
ii) Smooth muscle. (DU: Ja-16)
iii) Cardiac muscle. (DU: M-16, Ja-14)
*** 3. Classify skeletal muscle with example. (DU: Ju-15/10, Ja-13)
*** 4. Narrate muscle types with example & functional importance. (DU: Jan-22,May-20)
Or, Write in tabulated form differences/ histological difference between different types of
muscular tissue. (DU: May-17, Ju-16, Ja-10/07)
Or,Write in tabulated form histological difference between skeletal,cardiac and smooth muscle
(DU: May-19)
*** 5. What is sarcomere. (DU: M-17)
*** 6. Explain anatomically /developmentally/ histologically
Regeneration of cardiac muscle in not possible. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-16)
ii Intercalated disc is present in cardiac muscle. (DU: Ja-15)
iii)Calcium plays role in muscle contraction. (DU: Ja-12)
iv Gap junction is present in cardiac muscle. (DU: M-18)
More Questions:
1. Classify skeletal muscle functionally.

Nervous Tissue

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Define neuron. (DU: M-16, Ja-14)
*** 2. Classify neuron with example. (DU: Ja-16/14/08, Ju-07)
** 3. Draw & label a typical neuron. (DU: Ja-10,)
** 4. State the locations of multipolar neuron. (DU: Ja-12)
** 5. Draw and label the structure of Multipolar neuron. (DU: Ja-13)
** 6. What is neuroglia? (DU: Ja-10)
*** 7. Classify neuroglia. (DU: Nov- 16, Ja-10/07)
 Anatomy Paper : I 11

** 8. Mention the functions of neuroglia. (DU: Nov-16, Ja-07)

*** 9. Write briefly on myelination of peripheral nerve fibers. (DU: 15-Ja, 14-Ja)
** 10. Classify nervous system. (DU: Ja-10)
** 11. Name the supporting cells of central nervous system. (DU: Ja-12)
** 12. What do you mean by autonomic nervous system? State the differences between sympathetic &
parasympathetic nervous system in a tabulated form. (DU: Ju-13/09)
*** 13. Explain anatomically / histologically / developmentally: why/how:
i) Mast cells are absent in CNS.

ii) Sympathetic trunk is connected to spinal nerve. (DU: May-20)

iii) How sympathetic part of autonomic system prepares the body for an emergency. (DU: M-15)
iv) Why myelination occur in nerve fiber? (DU: Oct-21,M-17, Ju-15, Ja-14)
v)Types and functions of nuroglial cells. (DU: M-18)
vi) Regenaration of peripheral nerve is possible. (DU: Nov-19)
*** 14. Short note on:
i) Myelination of peripheral nerve (DU: Ja-15)
ii) Parasympathetic part of autonomic nervous system (DU: Ju-14)
More Questions:
* 1. Draw and level a spinal nerve. Give its functional components. (DU: Ja-09)
* 2. Classify receptor with example. (DU: Ja-09)
* 3. What is myelin sheath? Mention the components of grey matter. (DU: Ja-08)
** 4. Give the differences between axon & dendrite. (DU: Ju-10)
** 5. What is Nissl's body? Differentiate between ventral root and dorsal root of spinal nerve. (DU: Ju-10)
** 6. Explain anatomically / histologically / developmentally: why/how:
Spinal nerves are connected to the sympathetic ganglia through rami communicantes. (DU: Ju-10)

Circulatory System
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Name the different parts of circulatory system. (DU: Ju-13/12/10)
Or, Name the different parts of cardiaovascular system. (DU: Ja- 09/08)
*** 2. Draw and label the different parts of cardiovascular system. (DU: Nov-19, M-18, Ja-09/08)
*** 3. Write briefly on vertebral venous plexus. (DU: May-20)
*** 4. Define anastomoses.Mention the types with location. Give their importances. (DU: May-20)
** 5. Draw and label circulatory system. (DU: Ju-13/10)
*** 6. Classify blood vessels with examples. (DU: Nov-15, Ju-08)
Or, Give the functional classification of blood vessels with example. (DU: M-18/17, Ja-09)
*** 7. Situation of blood vessels with examples. (DU: Ja-14)
*** 8. State the differences between an artery and a vein. (DU: Jan-22,Ja-13/11, Ju-11/10)
*** 9. Draw and label the light microscopic structure of medium sized artery. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-19, Ju-14)
*** 10. Write down the histological structure of a medium sized artery. (DU: Nov-16, Ju-15/11)
*** 11. Write briefly on Medium sized artery. (DU: M-15)
*** 12. Name the factors responsible for venous return. (DU: Nov-15)
** 13. Give histology of muscular artery. (DU: Ju-11)
*** 14. Explain anatomically why:
i) Superior vena cava is devoid of valves. (DU: Ja-15)
ii) Leg veins possess valves. (DU: Nov-19)
*** 15. Define portal circulation. (DU: M-16, Ja-13)
** 16. Mention the different types of portal circulation with example. (DU: Ja-13)
Or Mention the different types of portal circulation with location. (DU: M-16)
*** 17. Explain anatomically why large artery is called elastic artery. (DU: Nov-17)
*** 18. Write the differences between a large & a medium sized artery in a tabulated form. (DU: M-19, Ja-09)
12 Anatomy Paper : I

Or, Write down the structural differences between a large & a medium sized artery in a
tabulated form. (DU: M-17)
Or, Histological differences between a large & a medium sized artery in a tabulated form. (DU: Nov-18)
*** 19. What is lesser circulation. (DU: Nov-18)
*** 20. Define end artery with example. (DU: Nov-18)
*** 21. Mention the structural differences between capillary and sinusoid. (DU: May-20)
*** 22. Mention the differences between blood capillary and lymphatic capillary. (DU: Nov-19)
More Questions:

* 1. Classify capillary with example. (DU: Ja-08)

** 2.
What is vasa vasorum? (DU: Ju-10)
* 3. Short note on: End artery. (DU: Ja-08, Ja-07)

Lymphoid Tissue
Exclusive Questions:
** 1. Name the lymphoid organs of the body. (DU: Ja-10/08)
Or, Mention the components of lymphatic system. (DU: Ja-10, Ja-11)
*** 2.
Draw and label the light microscopic structure of lymph node. (DU: May-20/16, Nov-18/17, Ja-12, Ja-10)
*** 3. Give the histological structure and function of lymph node/Thymus. (DU: Jan-22,Ja-15/12, Ju-14)
*** 4. Explain: Both afferent and efferent lymph vessels are present in the lymph node (DU: M-15)
More Questions:
** 1. Give the primary and secondary lymphoid organ. (DU: Ja-11)

The Skin

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Give the histological structure of skin. (DU: Ja-12)
Or, State the microscopic structure of skin. (DU: Nov-15, Ju-14)
*** 2. Draw and label the microscopic structure of thin skin. (DU: May-20)
Or,Draw and label the light microscopic structure of epidermis of Skin. (DU: Nov-15)
*** 3. Write briefly on: Epidermis of skin (DU: Ja-16)
More Questions:
* 1. Give the functions & appendages of skin. (DU: Ju-09)
* 2. Give the cellular elements of epidermis & their function. (DU: Ja-09)

EMBRYOLOGY

Gametogenesis & Ovulation

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Define gametogenesis (DU: Ja-14)
** 2. Name the cells that are formed by meiotic cell division in the process of gametogenesis. (DU: Ju-10)
** 3. Draw and label the histological structure of graafian follicle. (DU: Ju-13)
*** 4. Describe the precess of spermatogenesis. (DU: M-19)
*** 5. Describe the process of oogenesis. (DU: May-20)
** 6. Explain anatomically / histologically / developmentally: why/how:
i) Spermiogenesis occurs in spermatid. (DU: Ja-13)
** 7. Short note on:
i) Spermiogenesis. (DU: Ju-11)
More Questions:
* 1. Mention the importance of spermiogenesis in the process of spermatogenesis. (DU: Ju-08)
Fertilization & Implantation

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Define fertilization. (DU: Nov-18/17/15, Ja-14/10)
 Anatomy Paper : I 13

*** 2. Describe the phages of Fertilization. (DU: Oct-21)

*** 2. What are the results of fertilization? (DU: Nov-19/18/17/15, Ja-15)
*** 3. Mentions the importances of fertilization? (DU: Nov-19)
*** 4. Define implantation. (DU: M-18, Nov- 15, Ju-14, Ja-14)
** 5. At what stage of development implantation occurs? (DU: Ju-14)
*** 6.
Define capacitation. (DU: M-17)
Or, What do you mean by capacitation? (DU: Ju-15, Ja-07)
*** 7. Define acrosomal reaction. (DU: M-17)
*** 8. What is ectopic pregnancy? (DU: Nov-15)
*** 9. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy why/how:
i) -19)
More Questions:

** 1. What Changes occur in the spermatozoa upon arrival in the female genital tract? Mention the
purpose of these changes. (DU: Ju-10)
* 2. Describe the changes taking place in endometrium or uterus during embedding. (DU: Ja-07)
1st, 2nd & 3rd Weeks of Development
Exclusive Questions:
** 1. What is cleavage? (DU: Ja-10)
*** 2. Draw and label the structure of blastocyst (DU: M-15, Ja-13)
** 3. Describe briefly the structure of blastocyst. (DU: Ja-12)
*** 4. What changes occur in the zygote during first week of development? Use diagram(DU:M-18,Ju-12).
** 5. Mention the events that occur in 2nd week of human development. (DU: Oct-21,Ju-09/08/07)
*** 6. Draw and label the structure of a developing embryo at the end of 2nd week of pregnancy.
(DU: Jan-22,M-16)
*** 7. Explain: 2nd week of development is known as week of two's. (DU: M-17, Ju-15, Ja-08/07/06)
*** 8. Explain anatomically:
i) How monozygotic is developed. (DU: Jan-22)
ii) How zygote is protected in the fallopian tube? (DU: M-16)
iii) Why 3rd and 8th week of intrauterine life is termed the most vulnerable period of pregnancy.
(DU: Nov-17)

iv) Twinning- types and its basis of development. (DU: M-18)

** 9. Short Note:
i) Structure of blastocyst. (DU: Ja-12)
More Questions:
** 1. Explain why embryonic period is the most susceptible period of pregnancy. (DU: Ja-11)

Germ Layers & Notochord

Exclusive Questions:
** 1. What is gastrulation? (DU: Ju-14)
*** 2. Mention the process of gastrulation. (DU: Nov-17)
*** 3. Mention the role of primitive streak in the process of formations of trilaminar germ disk. (DU: M-15)
*** 4.
Write down the process of formation of notochord. (DU: Nov-16, M-15, Ja-14/12)
*** 5.
Mention the importance of notochord in the process of development of embryo. (DU: Jan-22,M-16)
*** 6. What is neural crest? (DU: Ja-14)
*** 7. Formation & fate of Neural tube. (DU: Jan-22)
*** 7. Formation of neural crest cells. (DU: Ja-14)
*** 8.
Give the derivatives of neural cent cells (DU: Nov-16, M-15, Ja-16/15/10)
*** 9. Write briefly on derivatives of ectoderm. (DU: Nov-19)
*** 10. What are the derivations of surface ectoderm? (DU: Ju-15, Ja-08)
*** 11. Mention the derivation tube. (DU: M-15)
14 Anatomy Paper : I

** 12. How Secondary mesoderm is formed? (DU: Ju-14)

*** 13. Enumerate the derivatives of extra & intraembryonic mesoderm. (DU: M-17, Ju-14, Ja-11, Ju-09)
Or, Enumerate the derivatives of intraembryonic mesoderm. (DU: M-19)
*** 14. How does primitive streak influence the development in embrayo. (DU: Nov-18)
*** 15. Explain anatomically / histologically / developmentally: why/how:
i)Explain Anatomically: Oligohydromnios occurs in renal agenesis. (DU: Ja-15)
ii) Epiblast is the source of trilaminar germ layer. (DU: Ju-13)
More Questions:

* 1. Name the structures developing from endoderm. (DU Nov-07)

* 2.
Give the number, parts & fate of somite. (DU: Ja-09)
* 3. Give the general account of structures developing from neural crest cells. (DU: Ja-08)
* 4. Explain anatomically / histologically / developmentally: why/how:
i) Failure of closure of anterior neuropore causes anencephaly. (DU: Ju-09)
Pharyngeal Arch, Pouch & Cleft
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Enumerate the derivatives of pharyngeal arches. (DU: M-18, Nov-15, Ja-14/13, Ju-12/09/06)
*** 2. Enumerate the derivatives of pharyngeal pouches. (DU: M-18, Nov-15, Ja-14/13/09, Ju
12/10/06)

*** 3. Enumerate the derivatives of pharyngeal clefts. (DU: M-18, Nov- 15, Ja-14/09/06)
*** 4. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy why/how Digastric muscle has dual nerve supply.
*** 4. Write down the derivatives of pharyngeal arches, pouches and clefts in a tabulated form. (DU:
Nov-16, Ju-15)
** 5. Mention the nerves of different arches.(DU: Ja-13)
More Questions:
** 1. How pharyngeal arch, pouch & cleft are formed? (DU: Ja-11)
** 2. Write briefly on:
i) Derivatives of branchial pouches (DU: Ju-11)
Placenta & Fetal Membranes

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Mention the functions of placenta. (DU: Nov-16/15, Ja-15/12/11, Ju-13)
*** 2. Describe the formation of placenta. (DU: Nov-15, Ju-14, Ja-09)
Or, Give the proems of formation of fetal part of placenta. (DU: Ju-09)
** 3. Name the fetal membranes. (DU: Ja-11)
** 4. Enumerate the extraembryonic fetal membrane (DU: Ja-11)
*** 5. Write down the functions of amniotic fluid. (DU: M-16, Ju-12)
*** 6. Short note on:
i) Umbilical cord. (DU: Ju-12)
ii) Placental barrier- structure and function. (DU: May-20)
iii) Placenta- its parts and function. (DU: M-17)
iv) Formation and function of placenta. (DU: Nov-18)
More Questions:
** 1. Name the viruses than can cross the placental barrier. (DU: Ju-11)
** 2. Explain anatomically / histologically / developmentally: why/how:
i) Human placenta is hemochorial type. (DU: Ja-10)
*3. Short note:
i) Amniotic cavity (DU: Ja-09)
 Anatomy Paper : I 15

Head and Neck

Scalp
Exclusive Questions:

*** 1. Give the layers of scalp. (DU: Ju-15, Nov-16)

*** 2. What is black eye? (DU: Nov-16)
*** 3 Why scalp injury leads to profuse bleeding. (DU: Nov-19/18)
*** 4. Draw and label the layers of scalp. (DU: May-20)
*** 5. Explain-anatomically/developmentally/histologically why:
i) Black eye is a consequence of scalp injury. (DU: M-15, 11, Ja-16)
ii) Why black eye occurs in bleeding of scalp?. (DU: M-15)
iii) Black eye occurs in scalp injury. (DU: Ja-16/15/13)
iv) How black eye occurs?. (DU: Nov-17)
v)How anencephaly develops. (DU: M-18)
vi) Fontanelles are important for fetus and newborn. (DU: M-15)
More Questions:
* 1. Blood in the loose connective tissue layer of scalp can enter into upper eyelid. (DU: Ju-09)
* 2. Why scalp bleeding is profuse? (DU: Ja-06)
* 3. Give the blood supply of scalp. (DU: Ja-06)
Face

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Give the development of face. (DU: Nov-17, Ja-14, Ju-10/09)
J:
Or, State the process of development of face. (DU: Jan-22,M-19, Ja-15, Ju-10)
** 2. Give the congenital anomalies of face. (DU: Ja-14/08, Ju-10/09)
*** 3. How cleft lip occurs? (DU: Jan-22,M-18, Nov-15)
*** 4. Write about the derivatives of frontonasal prominence of developing face. (DU: M-16)
*** 5. Give the nerve supply of the face on developmental background. (DU: Nov-17, Ja-08)
*** 6. Mention the clinical importance of danger area of face. (DU: Oct-21,Ja-16, Ju-13)
** 7. Why and which is the dangerous area of face. (DU: Ju-14, Ja-08)
** 8. What is Bell's palsy. (DU: Ju-12)
*** 9. Explain anatomically / histologically/developmentally why:
i) Facial artery is tortuous. (DU: Ja-14/13)

i) iii
A newborn
) Little's
with
area
isfacialcalled
defect
the willdanger
be checked
area
-of face
.
for(
possible
DU
: Ja
- heart defect. (DU: May 20)
14
)
iv) Deep fascia is absent in the face. (DU: Nov-19)
v) Craniofacial defect is common. (DU: Nov-19)
More Questions:
* 1. Why cleft lip in more common in upper lip? (DU: Ja-06)
* 2. Explain anatomically / histologically / developmentally why
07)

Parotid Gland & Thymus

Exclusive Questions:
** 1. Draw & label the light microscopic structure: thymus (DU: Ju-14)
*** 2. Explain anatomically / histologically /developmentally why:
i)Inflammation of parotid gland is painful (DU: M-19/18/17)
Or, Acute parotitis is painful (DU: Ja-12/06, Ju-08)
ii) Thymus is called primary lymphoid organ (DU: Nov-15)
16
Anatomy Paper : 1

Thyroid & Parathyroid Gland

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Write down the histological structure of thyroid gland (used diagram). (DU: Nov-19/18, M-15
/13)
*** 2. Draw & label the light microscopic structure of thyroid Gland (DU: M-16)
** 3.
** 4.
Write down the location of thyroid gland. (DU: Ja-14)
Write down the Parts of thyroid gland. (DU: Ja-14)
*** 5.
Write down the artery supply/blood supply of thyroid gland. (DU: Nov-19, Ja-14/13, Ju-09)
*** 6. Write down the development of thyroid gland. (DU: Nov-19/18, Ja-12, Ju-09/06)
Or, Write down the development of thyroid gland with its developmental anomalies. (DU: M-17)
*** 7. Write briefly on:
i) Special precaution are taken during ligation of artery supplying thyroid gland. (DU: Jan-22
ii) Structure of thyroid follicle (DU: Ja-16)
** 8. Explain anatomically / histologically developmentally:
i) Thyroid gland moves with deglutition / swallowing (DU: Ju-13/10, Ja-09)
More Questions:
* 1. Give the anomalies of thyroid gland (DU: Ju- 09/08)
* 2. Explain anatomically/clinically-why superior and inferior thyroid arteries are important to ne
surgeon? (DU: Ju-09)
Pituitary Gland
*** 1. Give the histology & development of pituitary gland. (DU: M-03/02)
Or, Describe the histological structure of pituitary gland. From where it develops? (DU: May
20)
*** 2. Explain anatomically-portal circulation is necessary for the function of pituitary gland.(DU:May
20,Ja-09)
* 3. Give the location & blood supply of hypophysis cerebri. (DU: M-02)

Interior of the Cranium

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Explain anatomically: Meningeal layer/Cranial dura is divided into different fold (DU: Nov-16, Ju-12)
*** 2. Short note: Arachanoid matter have different modification. (DU: M-17)
More Questions:
1. Give the blood and nerve supply of Dura matter.
* 2. Short note on: Dura matter (DU: Ja-09)

Blood Vessels & Venous Sinuses

Exclusive Questions:
** 1. Give the communication & clinical importance of cavernous sinus. (DU: May-20,Ju-14)
*** 2. Give origin, termination and area of drainage of internal Jugular Vein (DU: Ja-15/14)
** 3. Name the branches of external carotid artery (DU: Ja-12)
*** 4. How facial vein communicates with cavernous sinus? Write the clinical importance of th
connections.(DU: M-19)
*** 5. Write briefly on:
i) External carotid artery (DU: Nov-15)
More Questions:
* 1. Short note:
i) Emissary vein. (DU: Ja-05)
ii) Diploic vein. (DU: Ja-05)
Neck

** 1. Mention the carotid triangle.

*** 2. Mention the formation and content of carotid sheath.(DU: M-18)
** 3. Describe the muscular triangle.
*** 4. Sternocleidomastoid muscle- its nerve supply, action and effect of lesion. (DU: M-18)
 Anatomy Paper : 1 17

*** 5. Write briefly on articulation of first cervical vertebra (Atlas). (DU: Nov-18)
Orbit and Extra-Ocular Muscles
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Name the extra ocular muscle with their nerve supply and action. (DU: M-16, Ju-08, Ja-05)
More Questions:
1. Give the boundary and content of orbit. (DU:Ju-05)
2. Name the structure passing through superior orbital fissure. (DU:Ju-05)

Nasal Cavities & Para Nasal Sinuses

Exclusive Questions:
* 1. Give the formation of nasal septum (DU: Ja-09)
** 2. Give the blood & nerve supply of lateral wall of nasal cavity. (DU: Ja-12)
** 3. Name the structures that open into the lateral wall of the nose (DU: Ja-11)
*** 4. Describe the features present on the lateral wall of the nose (DU:Oct-21,M-19)
*** 5. What is little's or Kiesselbach's area? (DU: Ja-09).
Or, What is little's or Kiesselbach's area?Mention its clinical importance. (DU: M-16)
** 6. What is epistaxis (DU: Ja-13)
*** 7. Write about the boundaries & functions of maxillary sinus (DU: M-15)
*** 8. Mention the clinical importances of maxillary air sinus. (DU: M-19)
*** 9. Explain anatomically / histologically/ developmentally:
i) Why air sinuses are present is some craniofacial bones (DU: M-19, Nov- 15)
ii) Pneumatic bone communicates with nasal cavity (DU: Ju-15)
iii) Pneumatic bones are located in the craniofacial region (DU: Ja-14)
iv) Para nasal air sinuses communicate with nasal cavity (DU: Ja-13)
** 10. Short note: - Maxillary air sinus (DU: Ja-11)
More Questions:
* 1. Mention the sensory innervations of nasal septum (DU: Ja-09)
* 2. Name the Para nasal sinuses & Give their functions (DU: Ja-07)
** 3. Explain anatomically / histologically / developmentally
i) Para nasal sinuses open into the lateral wall of the nose (DU: Ju-10)
*4. Short note:

i) Nasal septum (DU: Ja-08)

Tongue
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Give the process of development of tongue. (DU: Nov-19, M-18, Ju-12, Ja-10/06)
** 2. Describe the development of tongue with anomalies. (DU: Ju-14, Ja-10)
*** 3. Explain the nerve supply oftongue on developmental background. (DU: Oct-21,M-17, Nov-16, Ja-15/11/08)
*** 4. Describe the development of anterior two third of tongue. (DU: M-16, Ju-13)
** 5. Write down the features and nerve supply of anterior two thirds of tongue (DU: Ju-13)
*** 6. Nerve supply of tongue (DU: Nov-16, Ju-15)
*** 7. Explain the nerve supply of tongue on developmental background. (DU: Nov-19)
** 8. Mention the effects of lesion of right hypoglossal nerve (DU: Ju-14/11)
*** 9. Describe muscles of tongue with function. (DU: M-16)
Or, Name the extrinsic & intrinsic muscles of tongue with their actions. (DU: Jan-22,Ju-11)
*** 10. Give the lymphatic drainage of tongue with its peculiarities? (DU: M-15)
** 11. What is tongue tie/ankyloglossia? (DU:Oct-21,Nov-18, Ja-11)
*** 12. Draw and label histological structure of tongue. (DU: M-17)
*** 13. Explain Anatomically/developmentally: Why/How:
i) Anterior 2/3rd of tongue is supplied by lingual nerve. (DU: Nov-17/15, Ja-16/12)
18 Anatomy Paper : I

ii) Posterior 1/3rd of tongue is supplied by glossopharyngeal nerve. (DU: Ja-09)

iii) Why dorsal surface of the tongue is rough. (DU:Ju-16)
More Questions:

** 1. Explain anatomically / histologically: Why:

i) In lower motor lesion of Hypoglossal nerve, tongue is deviated to same side (DU: Ju-10)
** 2. Write down the function of tongue (DU:Ju-10/08)
Ear

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1.
Give the boundary of middle ear cavity. (DU: Nov-19/18/17, Ja-15/10, Ju-11)
*** 2. Give the contents of middle ear cavity. (DU: Nov-19/18/17, M-15, Ja-15/10, Ju-11)
*** 3. Write down the development of middle ear cavity. (DU: Ja-15)
*** 4. Give the location and functions of tympanic membrane. (DU: Oct-21,Ju-15/09)
*** 5. Give the development of tympanic membrane. (DU: Ja-15, Ju-15)
*** 6. Mention the function of auditory tube (DU: Nov- 15)
*** 7. Why chronic suppurative otitis media common is children? (DU: Nov-19, 10-Ja)
*** 8. Explain anatomically / histologically / developmentally: why/how
i) Otitis media is common in children (DU: Oct-21,Nov-17, Ja-15)
ii) Why auditory tube opens into Nasopharynx. (DU: Nov-16)
Or, Why Auditory tube connects middle ear cavity with nasopharynx. (DU: Nov-18,Ju-13/11)
iii) Pressure on each side of tympanic membrane is maintained (DU: Ja-12)
vi) Tympanic membrane is developed from all the three germ layer (DU: Ja-11)
*** 9. Short note on:
i) Histological structure and functions of tympanic membrane. (DU: Jan-22,M-18)
ii) Auditory tube (DU: Nov- 15, Ju-10)
iii) Middle ear cavity (DU: Ja-15)
More Questions:
* 1. Give the parts of tympanic membrane. (DU: Ju-09)
* 2. Explain anatomically / histologically / developmentally: Why
i) External ear infection is very painful (DU: Ja-04/08)
* 3. Short note on:

Tympanic membrane (DU: Ja-08/07)

Tonsil & Palate

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Mention the location of palatine tonsil. (DU: M-19, Ju-16/14)
*** 2. Mention the artery supply of palatine tonsil. (DU: Jan-22,Ju-16/14/12)
** 3. Mention the histological structure of palatine tonsil. (DU: Ju-12)
** 4. Mention the development of palatine tonsil. (DU: Ju-12)
** 5. 09/08)
** 6. Explain
Short
anatomically-soft
note
: palate is elevated
/ during swallowing.(DU:Jan-22,Ju-11
i) Palatine Tonsil (DU:Ja-12)
ii) Formation and nerve supply of soft palate. (DU: Ja-13)

Pharynx
Exclusive Questions:
** 1. Give the parts, extension, structure and nerve supply of pharynx. (DU: Ju-10)
*** 2. Write down the importance of piriform fossa? (Du: M-19, Ja-14)
Or, mention the clinical importance of piriform fossa (DU: Nov-17, Ju-15/13)
*** 3. Boundary of piriform fossa (DU: Ju-15)
*** 4. Mention the formation and functions of waldeyer's ring? (Du: M-19)
*** 5. Give a short description of Nasopharynx. (DU: Jan-22,M-17)
** 6. Explain anatomically / histologically / developmentally
 Anatomy Paper : I 19

i) Nasopharynx is lined with pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium (DU: Ja-11)

More Questions:

** 1. Give the clinical importance of retropharyngeal space (DU: 10 Ju)

* 2. What is piriform fossa? (DU: 06)
Larynx
Exclusive Questions:
** 1. Name the cartilages of larynx (DU: Ja-11)
*** 2. Mention the types of laryngeal cartilages (DU: Ja-15, Ja-08)
*** 3. Mention the sources of development of laryngeal cartilages (DU: Oct-21,Ja-15, Ju-13/12)
*** 4. Describe the interior of larynx (DU: Nov- 19/17/16/15, Ja-16/15/11, Ju-13/12/11)
*** 5. Mention the nerve supply of larynx (DU: Nov-15, Ja-08)
*** 6. Write briefly on structure and functions of vocal cord. (DU:M-19)
*** 7. Explain anatomically / histologically / developmentally: Why/How:
i) Locations of right & left recurrent laryngeal nerves are different. (DU: May-20)
ii) Unilateral lesions of recurrent laryngeal nerve leads to hoarseness of voice (DU: M-17, Ja-14)
iii) Vocal cord is lined with non- Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (DU: Ju-15)
iv) Death occurs is hanging (DU: Ju-14)
** 8. Write briefly on:
i) vocal cord (DU: Ja-13)
ii) piriform fossa
More Questions:
* 1. Mention the development of larynx. (DU: Ja-08)
** 2. Anterior surface of epiglottis is lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium- Explain.(DU: Ja-10)
Cranial Nerves

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. What is upper & lower motor neuron? (DU: Ju-11)
Or, What do you mean by upper motor neuron & lower motor neuron? (DU: Ja-16/14, Ju-14/11/07)
*** 2. Give the location of nuclei of facial nerve. (DU: M-15, Ja-15)
*** 3. Give the origin of facial nerve. (DU: Ja-16, Ju-13)
*** 4. Give the course of facial nerve. (DU: Ja-16, M-15, Ja-15, Ju-13)
*** 5. Give the nerve supply of facial nerve. (DU: M-15, Ja- 15/11)
*** 6. Give the distribution of facial nerve. (DU: Jan-22,Ja-16, Ju-13)
*** 7. Mention the location of nuclei, functional components course and distribution of facial nerve. (DU: M-17)
*** 8. Mention the effects of lesion of right hypoglossal nerve. (DU: Jan-22)
*** 8. Give the origin, course & distribution of accessory cranial nerve. (DU: May-20)
** 9. What will happen if Facial nerve is injured within the facial canal? (DU: Ja-11)
** 10. Explain anatomically / histologically / developmentally: Why/How:
i) Myelination occur in nerve fibers? (DU: Ju-12)
More Questions:
* 1. Mention the origin, course and termination of optic nerve. (DU: Ja-09)
* 2. Describe the origin, course, termination & distribution of mandibular nerve. (DU: Ja-05)
** 3.
Give the formation & distribution of spinal accessory nerve. (DU: Ja-10)
** 4. Give the course & distribution of Rt/Lt phrenic nerve. (DU: Ja-10)
** 5. Supply of accessory nerve. (DU: Ja-10)
* 6.
Give the nucleus, course & distribution functional component of oculomotor nerve. (DU: Oct-21,Ja-08)
* 7.
Why in upper motor neuron lesion of facial nerve, muscles of upper part of face is escaped.
(DU: Ju-09, Ja-07)
20
Anatomy Paper : I

Brain and Eye Ball.

Introduction to Nervous system
Exclusive Questions:
** 1.
What is neuron (DU: Ja-14)
*** 2. Explain anatomically / developmentally: Why/How
i)
How sympathetic part of autonomic nervous systemic prepares the body for an emergency.
(DU: M-15)
ii) How myelination occur in peripheral nervous system. (DU: Nov-18)
More Questions:
** 1. Classify Nervous system (DU: Ja-10)
* 2. Give the composition of nervous tissue (DU: Ju-07)

Cerebrum
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Draw and label:
i) The different functional areas of frontal lobe of cerebrum (DU: Nov-16, Ju-16/10/08)
ii) The superolateral surface of frontal lobe showing the different functional areas in it. (DU: M-15)
Or, The different functional areas of the cerebral hemisphere on its superolateral surface.
(DU:Nov-19/18, M-17, Ja-14)
iii) The motor speech area and primary somasthetic area on the superolateral surface of
cerebral hemisphere mentioning their functions. (DU: M-19)
iv) The artery supply of different surface of cerebral hemisphere. (DU: Ja-13)
v) The artery supply of the superolateral surface of cerebrum. (DU: Ja-15)
iv) The circle of Willis showings branches (DU: Nov-16/15, Ja-12/10/05)
*** 2. Write down the histological structure of cerebrum (used diagram) (DU: Oct-21,M-19)
*** 3. Classify white matter of Cerebrum. (DU: Jan-22)

******
4.5.
WriteWhat
briefly
is
' on paracentral
sensory lobule-
association
area
'its?
(
location,
DU
:
- arterial
May
- 20
) supply and clinical importance. (DU: M 18)
*** 6. Mention its location, function and effect of lesion of primary motor speech area of Broca. (DU: Oct-21,M-18)
*** 7. Mention the functions of Broadmann's Area 17, 18 and 19. (DU: M-18)
***
8. Stale the functions of following functional areas of cerebral hemisphere:
: M-16)
**
9
.i) areadown
Write 44, 45;theii)artery
area supply,
3, 1, DU
2; iii) area 17;
function and iv) area 41, 42structure
histological ( of primary motor area of
cerebral cortex (DU: Ju-11)
*** 10. Write the artery supply of superolateral surface of cerebral hemisphere (DU: Ju-16, Ja-15)
** 11. What is artery of cerebral hemorrhage? (DU: Ja-14)
*** 12. Explain anatomically:
i)Small haemorrhage in internal capsule may produce widespread effects. (DU: Oct-21)
*** 13. Short Note:
i) Circle of Willis (DU: Nov-17)
ii) paracentral lobule. (DU: M-17)
More Questions:
* 1. Draw and level the artery supply and functional area of cerebral hemisphere is the superolateral
Surface (DU: Ja-05)
* 2. Name the different parts of brain (DU: Ju-07)
** 3. Mention the effect of lesion of Broca's motor speech area and wernicke's sensory speech area. (DU: Ju-10)
*
4. Mention the effects of lesion of primary motor area of brain. (DU: Ja-08)
** 5. Short note: Broca's motor speech area (DU: Ju-10/09)
Cerebellum
 Anatomy Paper : I 21

Exclusive Questions:

*** 1. Give the histological structure of cerebellum (DU: Nov-17, Ja-11/09)

******
2.3
.
Draw and label the histologicalJu
structure of cerebellum (DU: Jan-22,
Give the artery Supply of cerebellum (DU: M-16, Ja-10/09)
-14, Ju-13)

*** 4. Mention the functions of cerebellum (DU: M-16, Ja-15/11)

*** 5. What do you mean by cerebellar peduncle (DU: Nov-15)
*** 6. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy why/how
i) Cerebellum is connected with other parts of brain (DU: Ju-14)
ii) Cerebellum is connected with brain sten. (DU: M-19)
*** 7. Short Note:

Histological structure of cerebellum (DU: Ju-14)

ii) Function and Arterial Supply of cerebellum (DU: Ju-12)
More Questions:
** 1. What are the different parts of cerebellum? (DU: Ju-10)
* 2. Name the intra cerebellar nuclei with their function (DU: Ju-09)

Thalamus
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. State the functions of thalamus (DU: M-16, Ju-11)
More Questions:
1. Define thalamus.

2. Functions of hypothalamus.

Brain stem
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Name the parts of brain stem (DU: 14, Ju-10)
*** 2. Draw and label the transverse section of mid brain at the level of
i) Superior colliculus (DU: Nov-17, M-16, Ju-15/14/13)
ii) Inferior colliculus (DU: Ja-16/12/05)
*** 3. Draw & label the transverse section of pons at the level of facial colliculus (DU: Oct-21,Nov
18, Ju-16/10)
Meninges of Brain
Exclusive Questions:
** 1. Write briefly on subarachnoid space (DU: Ju-13, Ja-07)
More Questions:
* 1. Give the contents of subarachnoid space. (DU: Ja-07)
* 2. What is cistern? Give the importance of cisterna magna (DU: Ja-07)

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Give the formation cerebrospinal fluid. (DU: M-17, Ja-14/09)
*** 2. Give the composition of cerebrospinal fluid. (DU: Ju-11-Ja-10, Ju/Ja-09)
*** 3. Give the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. (DU: Nov-19, M-17, Ja-15/14/09)
*** 4. Give the function of cerebrospinal fluid. (DU: Nov-16, Ja-15)
*** 5. Explain anatomically / histologically / developmentally why
i) The functional importance of CSF (DU: Nov-16)
ii) CSF Drain into the venous sinuses (DU: Ja-10)
More Questions:
* 1. Give the absorption of cerebrospinal fluid. (DU: Ja-09)
22
Anatomy Paper : I

White Mater of Cerebrum

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Mention the function of corpus callosum (DU: M-15)
*** 2.
Name the types of white matter of cerebral cortex with example. (DU: Nov-19)
*** 3. Explain anatomically / histologically / developmentally: why/how
i) Internal capsule in an example of projection fiber (DU: Ja-15)
ii) Corpus callosum connects two cerebral hemispheres (DU: Ju-15)
More Questions:
* 1. Classify white matter of cerebrum with example (DU: Ju- 09/08)

Basal Ganglia & Limbic System

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. What are the parts of basal ganglia? Give its functions (DU: Nov-19, M-18, Ju-13)
Or, What are the parts of basal nuclei? Give its functions (DU: Nov-15)
** 2. Mention the functions of the limbic system (DU: Ja-13/10)
** 3. Mention the parts of the limbic system (DU: Ja-13)
*** 4. Write briefly on parts and functions of reticular formation. (DU: M-19)
*** 5. Short Note:
i) Parts and functions of the limbic system (DU: Nov-18/16/15)

Spinal cord
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Give the artery supply of spinal cord (DU: Jan-22,M-17/15, Ju-09)
*** 2. Give the origin, course & termination of pyramidal tract (DU: Ja-16, Nov-15, Ju-14/12)
** 3. What are the function & effects of lesion of pyramidal tract (DU: Ja-11)
*** 4. Write about the origin, course, termination and functions of corticospinal tract (DU: Ju-15)
*** 5. What do you mean by upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron (DU: Ja-16/14, Ju-14/11/07)
*** 6. Name the ascending tracts of posterior white column of spinal cord mentioning their function
(DU: M-17, Ja-14)
*** 7. Pyramidal track is an example of projection fiber. (DU: M-18)
*** 8. Draw and label the transverse section of spinal cord at mid cervical level showing different
tracts. (DU: May-20)
*** 9. Draw & label the transverse section of spinal cord in the mid thoracic level.(DU: Nov-19, M
18)
*** 10. Explain anatomically, why:
i) Spinal cord does not extend throughout the length of vertebral column in adult (DU: M-16, Ju-13)
ii) Spinal cord is kept in position in vertebral canal (DU: Nov-18, Ja-10)
iii) Cervical curvature of vertebral column is called, secondary curvature. (DU: M-16)
iv) Death occurs during hanging. (DU: Ju-14)
v) How cauda equina forms (DU: Ju-16)
vi) Spinal cord possess cervical and lumbosacral enlargement (DU: Ja-11)
More Questions:
** 1. Draw & label the transverse section of spinal cord in the mid thoracic level showing different
tracks. (DU: Ja-09/08)
* 2. Differentiate between ventral root and dorsal root of spinal nerve. (DU: Ju-10)
* 3. Trace the pathway of spinothalamic tract (DU: Ju-06)
* 4. Discus the origin course termination & function of spinothalamic tract (DU: Ju-07)
 Anatomy Paper : I 23

Eye ball
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Name the refractive Medias of eye. (DU: Ju-16, Ju-07)
*** 2. Draw and label the different layer of eyeball. (DU: M-19, Nov-16/15, Ja-16/14/13/09)
*** 3. Name the intraocular muscle with their Nerve supply (DU: M-18/16, Ja-11)
*** 4. Name the extraocular muscle with their Nerve supply (DU: M-16, Ja-16,)and action. (DU: Nov-18)
*** 5. Write about the actions of intraocular muscles. (DU: M-18, Ja-11)
** 6. Give the layers of cornea (DU: Jan-22,Ja-11)
*** 7. Draw and label the layers of cornea (DU: Ju-14)
** 8. Write down the functions of cornea. (DU: Jan-22,Ja-11/07)
*** 9. Name the muscles of iris with their nerve supply (DU: M-15, Ja-14)
** 10. What do you mean by pupillary light reflex (DU: Ju-14)
*** 11. Functions and rods and cones. (DU: Nov-18)
*** 12. Name the parts uveal tract. Mentioning their functions. (DU: M-19)
*** 13. Explain anatomically / histologically / developmentally why/how:
i) How Optic chiasma is formed? (DU: Nov-16/15)
ii) How avascular cornea gets its nutrition. (DU: Oct-21,M-16)
*** 14. Short note:
i) Nerve supply and action of extraocular muscle. (DU: Nov-17)
ii) Middle coat of eyeball. (DU: Ju-12)
iii) Cornea- its histological structure and function. (DU: May-17)
iv) Layers of retina. (DU: Ja-15)
v) Structure and functions of cornea (DU: Ju-13)
vi) Visual Pathway (DU: Ja-14/10)
vii) Middle coat of eyeball. (DU: Ju-12)
viii) Refractive Medias of eyeball. (DU:Ju-15)
More Questions:
* 1. State the defect produced by lesion of the optic Nerve, optic tart & optic radiation (DU: Ja-05)
* 2. Give the structure of retina. (DU: Ju-09)
*3. Give the layers of retina. (DU: Ju-09)

Verily, the hypocrites will be in the lowest depth (grade) ofthe fire,
no helper willyou findfor them. (An-Nisa: 145)
24 Anatomy Paper:

UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA (SAQ) PAPER-I

First Professional MBBS Examination
Subject: Anatomy (New Curriculum)
Short Answer Question (SAQ)
Full Marks-70 Time-2 hours 40 minutes
Answer any five questions from each group Use seperate answer script for each group
All questions carry equal marks
First professional MBBS Examination of May & November,2021(held in January 2022)
Subject: Anatomy, Paper-I
GROUP-A

1. Write down the characteristic features of epithelial tissue. Mention the structure,locations and functions of microvilli.
2. Draw and label a hunian embryo at the end of 2nd week of development.Give an account of process of
development and importance of rotochord.
3. Define joint, State the characteristie features of synovial joint. Classify synovial joint according to axis of
movements with examples.
4. Mention the histological features and locations of elastic cartilage. State the functions of lymphatic system.
How do arteries differ from veins structurally?
5. Draw and label the microscopic structure of
i) loose areolar tissue ii) adrenal cortex

6. Explain anatomically, why/how

i) the structure of a cell membrane is characterized as a fluid mosaic model.
ii) periostcum takes part in repair of fracture.
iii) monozygotic twin is developed.
7. Write briefly on
i) events in the interphase of a cell cycle.
ii) pennate musscle-types with example and functional importance.
GROUP - B

8. Name the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of tongue with their functions. Give the artery supply of palatine tonsil.
9. Mention the nuclei and distribution of facial nerve. Mention the effects of lesion of right hypoglossal nerve.
Write down the process of development of face. How does cleft lip occur? Give an account of artery supply of
spinal cord. Mention the features present on the nasopharynx.
10. Draw and label the histological structure of cerebellum. Classify the white matter of cerebrum with exainple.
11. Explain analomically why/how
i) location of mental foramen can determine the age of an individual.
ii) special precautions are taken during ligation of arteries supplying thyroid gland.
iii) soft palate is raised during swallowing.
12. Write briefly on:
i) cornea- structure and function ii) tympanic membrane-parts, structure and function

First Professional MBBS Examination May, 2021(held in October'21)

Subject: Anatomy, Paper-I
GROUP-A

1. Describe the phases of fertilization.

Mention the events occur in second week of development.
2. Classify glandular epithelium with example. Give the locations and functions of goblet cell.
3. Show in a diagram the arrangement of different compositions of a cell membrane.
Mention three functions of cytoskeleton of a cell.
4. Draw and label the microscopic structure of
i) compact bone ii) medium sized artery
5. Classify synovial joints with example. Mention the differences between primary and secondary cartilaginous joint.
6. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy, why
i) myelination occurs in nerve fibres. ii) crossing over occurs in meiotic cell division.
ii) intercalated discs are present in cardiac muscle.
7. Write briefly on:- i) artery supply of a developing long bone. ii) cilia.
 Anatomy Paper : I 25

GROUP - B

8. Describe the interior of larynx. Mention the features present on the lateral wall of the nose.
9. Write down the nerve supply of tongue on developmental background. What is tongue tie?
10. Draw and label the section of pons at the level of facial colliculus.Give the histological structure of cerebellar cortex.
11. Outline the formation and fate of neural tube. Mention the functions of tympanic membrane.
12. Give the arrangement of cells in different layers of adrenal cortex with diagram. Mention the and distribution
of occulomotor nerve.

13. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy, why/how

i) middle ear infection is common in children.
ii) small haemorrhage in internal capsule may produce widespread effects.
iii) avascular cornea gets its nutrition.
14. Write briefly on:
i) danger area of face - location, and importance. ii) Broca's motor speech area location and function.

First Professional MBBS Examination May & Novemver, 2020(held in Feb'21)

Subject: Anatomy, Paper-I
GROUP-A

1. Describe the process of oogenesis. Describe the events occurring during the prophase of 1st meiotic cell
division.

2. Give the structure of Golgi apparatus. Mention the functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum at different
locations of the body.
3. Define anastomoses. Mention the types with location. Give their importances.
4. Distinguish histologically different types of muscular tissue.Mention the structural differences between
capillary and sinusoid.
5. Draw and label the microscopic structure of
i) thin skin.
ii)lymph node.
6. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy why/how
i) mast cells are absent in CNS.
ii matrix of hyaline cartilage appears homogenous under microscope.
iii) sympathetic trunk is connected to spinal nerve.
7. Write briefly on:
i) vertebral venous plexus
ii) placental barrier- structure and function
GROUP - B

8. Draw and label the layers of scalp. Discuss the boundaries and contents of middle ear cavity.
9. Draw and label the histological structure of the thyroid gland. Mention the communications of cavernous sinus.
10. Draw and label the transverse section of spinal cord at mid cervical level showing different tracts. what is
'sensory association area' ?
11. Give the origin, course & distribution of accessory cranial nerve.
12. Describe the histological structure of pituitary gland. From where it develops? Why portal circulation is
necessary for performing the functions of this gland?
13. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy why/how
i) digastric muscle has dual nerve supply.
ii) a newborn with facial defect will be checked for possible heart defect.
iii) locations of right & left recurrent laryngeal nerves are different.
14. Write briefly on:
i) layers of retina ii) piriform fossa
First Professional MBBS Examination November, 2019
Subject: Anatomy, Paper-I
GROUP-A

1. Draw and label the electron microscopic structure of cell membrane. Name the membrane bound organelles.
Mention the structure and functions of Golgi apparatus.
2. State the characteristic features of epithelial tissue. Classify covering epithelium with examples.
3. Describe the process of fertilization. Mention its results.
4. Draw and label the parts of cardio vascular system. Mention the differences between blood capillary and
lymphatic capillary.
5. Draw and label the light microscopic structure of :
26 Anatomy Paper : 1

i) Haversian system of compact bone

ii) medium sized artery
6.
Explain from yourwhy
knowledge of anatomy, :
i) pneumatic bones are present in the skull.
ii) leg veins possess valves.
iii) deep fascia is absent in the face.
7. Write briefly on :
i) structure and functions of intervertebral disc
ii) derivatives of ectoderm
GROUP - B

8. Describe the developmental process of tongue. Explain the nerve supply of tongue on developmental
background.
9. Mention the boundaries and contents of middle ear cavity. Why chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is
common in children? 1

10. Describe the histological structure of thyroid gland (use diagram). Mention the arterial supply and
developmental source of thyroid gland. 3
11. Draw and label the functional areas of the superolateral surface of the cerebrum. Name the types of white matter
of cerebral cortex with examples.
12. Draw the transverse section of spinal cord at mid thoracic level. Write a brief note no CSF circulation.
6.
13. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy, why/how;
i) profuse bleeding occurs in scalp injury.
ii) craniofacial defect is common.
iii) regeneration of peripheral nerve is possible.
14. Write briefly on :
i) interior of larynx
ii) parts and functions of basal ganglia

First Professional MBBS Examination May, 2019

Subject: Anatomy, Paper-I
GROUP-A

1. Define cell cycle. Mention the events Occurring in different stages of cell cycle (us diagram). Enumerate the 10

importance of meiotic cell division.

2. Describe the process of spermatogenesis. Mention the derivatives of intraembryonic mesoderm.
3. Write in a tabulated form the histological differences between skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle. Mention the
structural differences between large and medium sized artery.
4. Classify joint with examples. Mention the functions of bone cells.
5. Draw and label the light microscopic structure of:
i) hyaline cartilage
ii) tongue
6. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy, how/why:
i) genetic determination of sex occurs at fertilization.
ii) lower end of the radius is the growing end.
iii) cilia is present in the respiratory tract.
7. Write briefly on :
i) classification and functions of neuroglia.
ii) structure and functions of cell membrane.
GROUP- B

8. State the process of development of face. How facial vein communicates with cavernous sinus? Write the clinical
importance of these connections.
9. Mention the formation and functions of Waldeyer's ring. Write down the importance of piriform fossa. State
the artery supply of palatine tonsil.
10. Describe the features present on the lateral wall of the nose. Why air sinuses are present in some craniofacial
bones? Mention the clinical importance of maxillary air sinus.
11. Write down the histological structure of cerebrum (use diagram). Draw and label the motor speech area and
primary somasthetic area on the superolateral surface of cerebral hemisphere mentioning their functions.
12. Draw and label different layers of the eyeball. Name the parts of uveal tract mentioning their functions.
13. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy, why/how:
i) parotid swelling is painful.
 Anatomy Paper : I 27

ii) fontanelles are important for fetus and new born.

iii) cerebellum is connected with brainstem.
14. Write briefly on :
i) structure and functions of vocal cord.
ii) parts and functions of reticular formation.

First Professional MBBS Examination November, 2018

Subject: Anatomy, Paper-I
Group -A
1 Name the membranous organelles of cell. Mention the structure and functions of nucleus cell (use diagram)
2. Write down the characteristic features of epithelial tissue. Classify covering epithelium examples.
3. What is lesser circulation? Mention the histological differences between large and medium sized artery. Define
end artery with examples.
4. Define fertilization. Mention the results of fertilization. How does primitive streak influence the development in
embryo?
5. Draw and label:
i) artery supply of growing long bone
ii) light microscopic structure of lymph node
6. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy, why/how:
i) mitotic division gives rise to identical daughter cells.
ii) tight junction is present in urinary bladder.
iii) metacarpal bone is a miniature long bone.
7. Write briefly on:
i) synovial joint - classification with examples.
ii) placenta - formation and functions.
Group - B
8. Describe the developmental process and histological structure ( use diagram )of thyroid gland. What is tongue
tie?

9. Name the extra ocular muscles. Give their nerve supply and actions. Mention the functions of rods and cones.
10. Describe the boundaries and contents of middle ear cavity. Why does nasopharynx communicate with middle
ear cavity?
11. Draw and label the functional areas of superolateral surface of cerebrum. Mention the functions of Brodmann's
Area 17, 18 and 19. j
12. Draw and label the transverse section of pons at the level of facial colliculi.
13. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy why/ how :
i) scalp injury leads to profuse bleeding.
ii) myelination occurs in PNS.
iii) spinal cord is kept in position in the vertebral canal.
14. Write briefly on:
i) parts and functions of limbic system.
ii) articulation of Ist cervical vertebra (atlas)

First Professional MBBS Examination; May, 2018

Subject: Anatomy, Paper-I
Group -A
1. Classify connective tissue proper. Name the connective tissue cells. Draw a fibroblast and mention its function.
2. Draw and label the different parts of cardiovascular system. Mention the functional classification of blood
vessels with examples.
3. Define implantation. Mention the day by day account of the major events of second week of development (use
diagram).
4. Write down the structure and functions of periosteum. Classify gland of the basis of mode of secretion with
example.
5. Draw and label:
i) the structure of cell membrane
ii) a synovial joint
6. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy, why;
i) crossing over occurs in meiotic I cell division.
28
Anatomy Paper : I

ii) gap junction is present in cardiac muscle.

iii) oesophagus is lined by nonkeratinised stratified squamous epithelium.
7. Write briefly on:
i) types and functions of neuroglial cells.
ii) twinning - types and its basis of development.
GROUP-B

8. Write down the derivatives of pharyngeal arches, pouches and clefts. How cleft lip occurs?
9. Draw and label the transverse section of spinal cord at mid thoracic level. Mention its location, function and
effect of lesion of primary motor speech area of Broca.
10. Describe the process of development of tongue. Write a brief note on the histological structure and functions of
tympanic membrane.
11. Describe the histological structure of cerebellum. Name the intraocular muscles with their nerve supply and
action.

12. Name the parts and functions of basal ganglia. Mention the formation and contents of carotid sheath.
13. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy, why/how:
i) anencephaly develops.
ii) inflammation of parotid gland is painful.
iii) pyramidal tract is and example of projection fiber.
14. Write briefly on :
i) paracentral lobule- its location, arterial supply and clinical importance.
ii) sternocleidomastoid muscle- its nerve supply, action and effects of lesion.

First Professional MBBS Examination November, 2017

Subject: Anatomy, Paper-I
GROUP-A

1. Classify connective tissue. Mention the sites where dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue are
found. Mention the distribution of elastic fiber.
2. Name the membrane bound organelles. Draw and label mitochondria. Mention its functions.
3. Mention the characteristic features of synovial joint. How a primary cartilaginous joint differ from secondary
cartilaginous joint? How stability of a synovial joint is maintained?
4. Define fertilization and mention its results. Mention the process of gastrulation.
5. Draw and label:

i) Haversian system of compact bone

ii) light microscopic structure of lymph node
6. Explain anatomically:
i) why centriole is essential for cell division.
ii) why large artery is called elastic artery.
iii) why 3rd to 8th week of intrauterine life is termed the most vulnerable period of pregnancy.
7. Write briefly on :
i) structure and functions of intervertebral disc
ii) functions and distribution of simple columnar epithelium
Group-B
8. State the developmental process of face. Explain the nerve supply of face on developmental background.
9. Write briefly on the interior of larynx. Mention the clinical importance of piriform fossa.
10. Describe he boundary and contents of middle ear cavity. Why otitis media is common in children?
11. Draw and label the section of midbrain at the level of superior colliculus.
12. Mention the arterial supply, histological structure and functions of the cerebellum.
13. Explain anatomically:
i) why general sensation from anterior two third of the tongue is carried by lingual nerve.
ii) how black eye occurs.
iii) how spinal cord is kept in position.
14. Write briefly on :
i) nerve supply and actions of extraocular muscles
ii) formation of Circle of Willis
 Anatomy Paper : 1 29

First Professional MBBS Examination of May-2017

Subject: Anatomy (Paper-I)
Group - A
1. Classify covering epithelium with examples. Write a brief note on pseudostratified ciliated columnar
epithelium.
2. Write in a tabulated form the histological difference between skeletal cardiac and smooth muscle. What is
sarcomere?
3. Give the functional classification of blood vessels with examples. Write down the structural difference between
large and medium sized artery.
4. List the derivatives of intraembryonic mesoderm. Define capacitating and acrosomal reaction.
5. Draw and label:
i) arterial supply of a growing long bone
ii) light microscopic structure of loose connective tissue
6. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy, why :
i) myelination occurs in nerve fibre.
ii) tight junction is found in the superficial layer of transitional epithelium.
iii) second week of human development is called the week of two.
7. Write briefly on :
i) fibrocartilage- its structure and distribution
ii) placenta- its parts and functions.
Group-B
8. Draw and label the histological structure of tongue. Describe the nerve supply of tongue on developmental
background.
9. Mention the location of nuclei functional components, course and distribution of facial nerve.
10. Write down the development of thyroid gland with its developmental anomalies. Give a short description of
nasopharynx.
11. Draw & label the functional areas of the superolateral surface of cerebral hemisphere. Write a brief note on
paracentral lobule.
12. Name the ascending tracts of posterior white column of spinal cord mentioning their function. Describe the
arterial supply of spinal cord.
13. Explain anatomically why how :
i) inflammation of parotid gland is painful.
ii) unilateral lesion of recurrent laryngeal nerve leads to hoarseness of voice.
iii) arachnoid mater have different modifications.
14. Write briefly on ;
i) cornea its histological structure and functions.
ii) formation and circulation of CSF.

1st Professional MBBS Examination of November, 2016

Subject: Anatomy, Paper-1
Group-A
1. Draw & label the structure of a cell membrane. Mention the functions of cell membrane.
2. Name the connective tissue cells. Mention the distribution of collagen fibre. Write down the histological
structure of a medium sized artery.
3. Define epiphysis. Mention the types of epiphyses with examples. What do you mean by growing end of a long bone?
4. Describe the process of formation of notochord. Mention the importance of primitive streak and notochord in
the process of development of embryo.
5. What are the derivatives of neural crest cells? Mention the functions of placenta.
6. Explain anatomically why -
i) wide range of movement is possible in ball & socket type of synovial joint.
ii) regeneration of cardiac muscle is not possible.
iii) cilia is present in conducting zone of trachco-bronchial tree.,
7. Write briefly on:
i) types and functions of neuroglia
ii) characteristic features of epithelial tissue
GROUP-B

8. Write down the derivatives of pharyngeal arches, pouches and clefts in a tabulated form.
9. Draw & label the different functional areas of frontal lobe of cerebrum. Mention the functions of CSF.
10. Give an account of the nerve supply of tongue. Name the layers of scalp? What is black eye?
30
Anatomy Paper : I

11. Describe
12.
the interior of larynx. Mention the nerve supply of muscles of larynx.
Draw & label the

i) different layers of eyeball ii) Circle of Willis

13. Explain anatomically
i) why auditory tube opens into the nasopharynx.
ii) how optic chiasma forms.
iii) why meningeal dura is divided into different folds.
14. Write briefly on
a) limbic system (parts and functions)
b) characteristic features of cervical vertebra.
July 2016: ANATOMY: PAPER-I
Group -A
1. Classify muscular tissue. Give the differences between different types of muscles in a tabulated form.
2. Define fertilization and implantation. Write down the functions of placenta.
3. Give an account of the artery supply of a developing long bone. Write down the structure and functions of periosteum.
4. Draw and label the light microscopic structures of i) medium sized artery ii) lymph node
5. Write down the characteristic features of synovial joint. Mention the types of synovial joint with examples.
6. Explain anatomically why:
i) nuclear pores are present in the nuclear membrane.
ii) transitional epithelium lines urinary bladder.
iii) fibula violates the law of ossification.
7. Write briefly on: i)structure and functions of fibroblast ii) derivatives of surface ectoderm
GROUP-B

8. Draw and label the different functional areas of frontal lobe of cerebrum. Mention the artery supply of
superolateral surface of cerebral hemisphere.
9. Write about the derivatives of pharyngeal arches, pouches and cleft in a tabulated form. 7
10. Give an account of the motor and sensory supply of face. Mention the location and artery supply of palatine
tonsil.

11. Draw and label the transverse section of pons at the level of facial colliculi.
12. What are the refractive medias of the eyeball? Write briefly on auditory tube.
13. Explain anatomically:
i) how cauda equina forms.

ii) why dorsal surface of the tongue is rough.

iii) why vocal cord is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.
14. Write briefly on:
i) parts and functions of cerebellum
ii) formation and circulation of CSF
May 2016: ANATOMY (PAPER -I )
GROUP-A

1. Define organelle. Enumerate the membrane bound organelles. Name the cytoskeleton with their functions.
2. Classify glandular epithelium with examples. Mention the locations of stratified squamous epithelium.
3. Define joint. Classify joint according to the axis of movement with examples. What is Hilton's law?
4. Draw & label the light microscopic structure of: i) lymph node ii) cardiac muscle
5. Draw & label the structure of a developing embryo at the end of 2nd week of pregnancy. Explain how zygote is
protected in the fallopian tube. Write down the functions of amniotic fluid.
6. Explain anatomically:
i) why fibroblast contains abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum.
ii) the importance of fontanelle.
iii) lower end of fibula violates the law of ossification.
7. Write briefly on:
i) portal circulation- definition and its types with locations
ii) neuron- definition and its classification according to polarity with examples.

GROUP-B

8. Describe the development of anterior two third of tongue. Name the muscles of tongue with their functions.
9. Write about the derivatives of frontonasal prominence of developing face. What is Little's area? Mention its
clinical importance.
 Anatomy Paper : I 31

10. Name the intraocular and extraocular muscles with their nerve supply. Mention the development and functions
oftympanic membrane.

11. State the functions of following functional areas of cerebral hemisphere

i) area 44,45 ii) area 3,1,2 iii) area 17 iv) area 41, 42
Mention the functions of thalamus.
12. Draw & label the:
i) light microscopic structure of thyroid gland.
ii) transverse section of midbrain at the level of superior colliculi.
13. Explain anatomically:
i) how avascular cornea gets its nutrition.
ii) why spinal cord does not extend throughout the whole length of vertebral canal in adult.
iii) why cervical curvature of vertebral column is called, secondary curvature.
14. Write briefly on:
a) structure and functions of vocal cord.
b) functions and artery supply of cerebellum.

First Professional MBBS Examination of January, 2016

Short Answer Question (SAQ) ; Paper-I
Group-A
1. Writedown the characteristic features of epithelial tissue.
Classify surface epithelium with examples.
.
Write down the differences between mitotic and mitotic cell division.
Mention the derivatives of neural crest cells.
3. Define joint. Classify joints with examples.
Draw and label the light microscopic structure of:
i) smooth muscle. ii) Haversian syslem of compact bone.
. Define neuron. Classify neuron with examples.
. Explain anatomically why/how:
i) mitochondria is known as the power house of cell.
ii) leg veins possess valves,
iii) simple columnar epithelium lines most pan of gastro intestinal tract.
7. Write briefly on:
i) medium sized artery ii) epidermis of skin.
Group-B
B. Write about the origin course and termination of pyramidal tract.
Define upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron
9. Describe the interior of larynx. Mention the clinical importance of piriform fossa.
10. Draw and label the transverse section of midbrain at the level of inferior colliculi.
11. Mention the origin, course and distribution of facial nerve. Mention ihe clinical importance of danger area of face.
12. Draw and label the different layers of eyeball. Give the nerve supply of extraocular muscles.
Explain anatomically:
i) why anterior two third of tongue is supplied by lingual nerve.
ii) how spinal cord is kept in position.
iii) why black eye occurs in scalp injury.
14. Write briefly on: i) boundaries and contents of middle ear cavity
ii) thyroid follicle.
November 2015: ANATOMY (PAPER -I)
Croup-A
H. Give and account of the arrangement of proteins in the cell membrane.
Write about the structure and functions of mitochondria.

2. Define implantation. Mention the results of fertilizaon. What is ectopic pregnancy?

. Classify blood vessels with examples. Name of factors responsible for venous return.
Draw and label The structure of

i) Haversian system of the compact bone

ii) Epidermis of skin.
5. Write about the characteristic features of synovial joint.
Name the different types of fibrous joints with examples.
5. Explain anatomically:
i) why crossing over occurs in mitotic cell division,
ii) why thymus is called primary lymphoid organ,
iii) how periosteum is attached to the bone.
32 Anatomy Paper : 1

7. Write briefly on:

i) structure and functions of placenta
ii) structure and functions of fibroblast.
Group-B
8. Write down the derivatives of pharyngeal arches, pouches and clefts.
9. Describe the interior of larynx. Mention the nerve supply of larynx.
10. Draw and label the different layers of eyeball. Mention the function of auditory tube.
11. Name the part of basal nuclei. Give its functions.
What do you mean by cercbellar peduncle?
12. Write about the origin, course and termination of pyramidal tract.
Draw and label the circle of "Willis"
13. Explain anatomically: i) how cleft lip occurs.
ii) why air sinuses are present in some craniofacial bones.
iii) how optic chiasma form.
14. Write briefly on: i) part and functions of limbic system
ii) external carotid artery.
July-2015: ANATOMY (PAPER -I )
Group- A
1 Write about the characteristic features of a synovial joint. Classify synovial joint with
example.. Name the factors responsible for stability of a joint.
2. Write down the differences between the cardiac and skeletal muscle in a tabulated form.
Name the connective tissue cells.

3. What are the derivatives of surface ectoderm? Give the functions of placenta.
4. Define fertilization. Mention the results of fertilizalion. What is capacitation?
5. What are the membranous organelles? Mention the types, structure and functions of
endoplasmic reticulum.
6. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy why:
1)transitional epithelium lines urinary bladder,
ii) second week of development is known as week of two's,
iii) myelination occur in nerve fibres.
7. Write briefly on:
(i) artery supply of growing long bone,
(ii) histological structure of a medium sized artery.
GROUP B

8.
Write down the derivatives of pharyngeal arches and pouches in a tabulated form
9. Draw and label the histological structure of thyroid gland. Name the layers of scalp.
10. Describe the nerve supply of tongue. Mention the boundaries and clinical importance of piriform fossa.
11. Draw and label the transverse section of midbrain at the level of superior colliculi.
12. Write about !he origin, course, termination and functions of corticospinal tract
13. Explain from you knowledge of anatomy why: i) pneumatic bones communicate with nasal cavity.
ii) vocal cord is lined with nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
iii) corpus callosum connects two cerebral hemisphere.
14. Write briefly on : I) refractive media of the eyeball.
ii) location, functions and developmental sources of tympanic membrane
 33
Anatomy Paper : 1

UNIVERSITY QUESTION (MCQ)

First Professional MBBS Examination F c. bronchospasm
May,2021(held in October'21) F d. dilatation of pupill
Subject: Anatomy; paper - I F e. increased peristalsis
1. In prophase of the 1st meiotic cell division, there is 12. Inferior orbital fissure transmits
a. pairing of homologous chromosome F a. frontal nerve
b. chiasma formation T b. infraorbital artery
c. mandibular nerve
C. of chromosome in the equatorial plane
line up F

d. splitting of chromosome at centromere F d. maxillary nerve

e. exchange of genetic material F e. zygomatic nerve
2. Connecting stalk 13. Following parts of ear are developed from ectoderm
a.connects embryo to trophoblast T a. organ of Corti

TFLES
b. later develops into umbilical cord T b. cochlear duct
c. is developed from intraembryonic mesoderm T c. semicircular canals
F d. ossicles
d. contributes to the formation of tertiary villi
e. persists as allantois F
e. tympanic cavity I
14. Frontal air sinus
Gastrulation is characterized by
T a. is lined by stratified squamous epithelium
a. appearance of primitive streak
b. formation of notochord T b. adds resonance to the voice

c. appearance ofyolk sac

T c. opens into superior meatus of nose
d. formation of three germ layers T d. reaches its maximum size during puberty
e. migration of neural crest cells T e. is supplied by supraorbital nerve.
Intercalated ducts are
4. Sinusoids are present in the following organs
15. a.joined to form striated ducts
FFF

a. pancreas T
b. spleen
T b.surrounded by myoepithelial cell
Т c. liver c.characterized by basal striation
d. kidney d.lined by stratified columniar epithelium
e. bone marrow
F e.present in interlobular septum
5. Skeletal system of the body develops from 16. Pterion is the meeting place of the following
Pete

bones
a. paraxial mesoderm T a. frontal
b. somatopleuric layer of lateral plate mesoderm
c. neural crest cell
T b.sphenoid
d. ectodermal placode
T c.temporal
d.maxilla
-

e intermediate mesoderm
e.zygomatic
6. T lymphocytes are abundant in

fet 17. Visual area of cerebral cortex

a. peyers patches
a. is located in the occipital lobe
Т b. lymphatic follicle of vermiform appendix
b. is supplied by posterior cerebral artery
c. white pulp of spleen
-------- LEFFAFFELE

d. cortex of thymus
c. represents the opposite field of vision
d. includes Broadman area 44 and 45
e. deep cortical zone of lymph nodes e. receives fibres from medial geniculate body
7.

Myelination of nerve fibres are formed by 18. Limbic system includes

a. fibrous astrocytes
b
.

a. cingulate gyrus
b. protoplasmic astrocytes
nucleus
amygdaluid
T

c. oligodendrocytes c. anterior nucleus of thalamus

F d. microglia
T e. Schwann cells
d. gyrus rectus
e. claustrum
8. Type I collagen fibres are abundant in 19. Cells present in the retina are
T a. dermis
a. ganglion cell
F b. epidermis
c. bone
b. chromophobe cell
c. Muller cell
d. tendon
d. microglial cell

TFÄ ATE
e. basal lamina
e. amacrine cell
9. Osteoclast are
20. Iris is
a. multiple nucleated cells a. a part of uveal tract
b. component of Haversian system
c. derived from osteocyte b. composed of striated muscle
d. located in Howship's lacunae c. supplied by autonomic nerves
e. responsible for bone resorption d. developed from ectodermal placode
e. involved with regulation of diameter of pupil
10. Skeletal muscle are characterized by
a. multiple nuclei First Professional MBBS Examination
T b. branched fibres May,2021(held in October 21)
T c. cross striations Subject: Anatomy; paper - I
F d. satellite cells for regeneration 1. Following cells have haploid number of
F e. gap junctions in between fibres chromosome

11. Parasympathetic nerve stimulation causes F a) primordial germ cell

T a. decreased heart rate F b) spermatogonia
T b. decreased salivation F
c) primary spermatocyte
34 Anatomy Paper : 1

STNEFM
Т d) secondary spermatocyte F d) labyrinthine artery

HTTFFTHFE -------- SETETED

Т e) spermatid F e) internal carotid artery
2. Derivatives of somite are 13. Sternocleidomastoid muscle is attached to
T

a) epidermis Т a) sternum
b) hypodermis Т b) clavicle
Т c) dermis c) 1st rib
d) sternum d) parietal bone
e) smooth muscle. Т e) occipital bone
3
.

Non membranous organelles are 14. Air sinuses open into the middle meatus are
a) ribosome a) sphenoidal
b) lysosome b) posterior ethmoidal
T c) microtubules Т c) middle ethmoidal
T d) microfilament Т d) frontal
T e) centriole Т e) maxillary
4. Nissl substances are present in the following 15. Palatine tonsil

parts of neuron a) is located in laryngopharynx

Т a) cell body b) is lined by pseudostaritified columnar epithelium
b) axon Т c) contains B lymphocyte
c) axon hillock Т d) has a hemicapsule
d) dendrite Т e) is supplied by facial artery
e) nucleoplasm 16. Limbic system includes
5. Hyaline cartilage is found in a) subcallosal gyrus

TEFSGNÖÄ
Τ a) bronchus Т
b) parahippocampal gyrus
T b) larynx c) mamillothalamic tract
c) external ear Т d) stria terminalis
d) nose e) alveus
e) auditory tube 17. Following cranial nerves have parasympathetic
6. Smooth muscles are present in the wall of component
a) larynx a) trigeminal
T b) pharynx b) facial
Τ c) trachea
c) vestibulocochlear

FETOLA
d) tongue d) glossopharyngeal
e) oesophagus e) hypoglossal
18.

7. Periosteum provides.
Τ
Components of lacrimal apparatus are
a) nutrition to osseous tissues. a) lacrimal sac
b) continuous supply of osteoblast b) lacrimal fossa
Τ c) cells for remodeling of bones. c) lacrimal bone
Т d) attachment of muscles Т
d) conjunctival sac
e) channels for neuromuscular bundles e) lacrimal puncta
19.

8. Pneumatic bones include:

Т a) maxilla
Following cells are present in cerebral cortex
a) anterior horn cell
Т b) frontal bone
b) basket cell
c) sphenoid bone c) purkinje cell
d) parietal bone d) pyramidal cell
Fe) occipital bone Т e) stellate cell
9. Following are the examples of pennate muscle 20.
T
Middle coat of eyeball consists of
a) deltoid F a) cornea
T b) lumbricals T b) choroid
c) palmar interosseib T c) ciliary body
d) rectus abdominis T d) iris
e) sartorius F e) lens
10. Lymph capillaries are absent in First Professional MBBS Examination May
Т a) spinal cord
T
& Novemver,2020(held in Feb'21)
b) bone marrow Subject: Anatomy; paper - I
1

T
c) cartilage . Morulla
F d) dermis of skin a. is composed of eight cells
T e) nail bed

LFTZES
b. contains a cavity
11. Upper lip develops from c. is formed in the 6th day after fertilization
Ta) maxillary swelling d. implants in the endometrium
Tb) medial nasal swelling e. is covered by zona pellucida
2
.

F
c) lateral nasal swelling Zona pellucida
F
F
d) intermaxillary swelling a. surrounds secondary oocyte
e) nasal placode b. facilitates sperm binding
12. Structures include passing through the jugular c. induces acrosome reaction
foramen
T
d. allows sperm to penetrate it
a) glossopharyngeal nerve e. facilitates meiotic cell division in oocyte
F
b) facial nerve 3. Notocord
T c) vagus nerve a. is formed by ectodermal cell
 Anatomy Paper : I 36
35

b. extends from primitive node to prochordal plate T b. semicircular canal

TF AY
c. influences the development of peripheral nervous system T c. external auditory meatus
d. persists as the nucleus pulposus F d. ear ossicle

e. initiates the process of gastrulation F e. tympanic membrane

4. Microtubules provide the basis for the following 15. Anterior limb of internal capsule contains
structures F a. corticonuclear fibres
a. centriole T b. Optic radiation
T

b. cilia F c. auditory radiation

c. flagella F d. thalamocortical fibre
d. chromatin T e. frontopontine fibre

TF SE
e. contractile elements of muscle 16. Branches of basilar artery are
5.

Tendon is T a. labyrinthine artery

a. dense connective tissue T b. superior cerebellar artery
b. elastic in nature F c. posterior communicating artery
c. composed of irregular fibre F d. choroidal artery
d. devoid of nerve supply T e. posterior cerebral artery
e. vascular 17. Reticular formation control
6.

Regarding function of connective tissue cells T a. skeletal muscle contraction

a. fibroblast produce ground substance F b. autonomic nervous system
b. macrophage helps in wound healing T c. endocrine system
c. plasma cell forms antibody F d. olfactory function
d. mast cell secrets mediators of inflammation T e. visceral sensation
e. basophil synthesize collagen fibre 18. Pial modification includes
7.

Melanocytes of skin are T a. filum terminale

a. derived from surface ectoderm T b. ligamentum denticulata
T

b. located in stratum basale F c. cauda equina

c.extended their process between stratum F d. conus medullaris
spongiosum F e. diaphragma sellae
T

d. attached to adjacent keratinocytes 19. Touch sensation is carried by following tracts

PF TE
e. present in dermis a. fasciculus gracilis
8.

b. fasciculus cuneatus
Diaphysis

a. has a secondary ossification centre c. anterior spinothalamic

TFBÖEU
Т b. forms shaft of the long bone F d. lateral spinothalamic
c. is connected with metaphysis by epiphyseal plate of cartilage F e. posterior spinocerebellar
Т d. shows intracartilaginous ossification 20. Grey matter of the pons includes
T a. motor nuclei of facial nerve
Т e. is pierced by nutrient artery
9. Articular discs are present in the following joints T b. pontine nucleus
Т a. temporomandibular joint F c. trapezoid body
F d. medial lemniscus
b. hip joint
c. elbow joint F e. nucleus ambiguus
Т d. knee joint First prof. MBBS Exam. of November, 2019
e. radioulnar joint
Subject: Anatomy; paper - I
10. Bipolar neurons are located in
GROUP - A
Т a. organ of corti
1.

b. vestibular ganglia Excitatory cells of nervous tissue include

c. olfactory mucosa a. anterior horn cells of spinal cord
d. outer nuclear layer of retina b. ependymal cell
e. sensory ganglia c. microglia

LFTMEYS
11. pharyas communicates with d. pyramidal cell
T a. oral cavity e. pyramidal cell
2.

T b. nasal cavity Secondary cartilaginous joints include

F c. cranial cavity a. basiocciput
F b. costochondral joint
d. larynx
T
c. joints between adjacent vertebral bodies
e. oesophagus
d. manubriosternal joint
12. Nerves related to mandible are
e. public symphysis
3.

F a. auriculotemporal Collagen fibres are abundant in

T b. masseterie
a. auditory tube
T c. lingual b. bone
F d. facial
c. liganentum nuchae
F e. glossopharyngeal
d. lymph node
13. Foramina transversarium of cervical vertebra transmits
e. tendon
T a. vertebral artery
T b. ascending pharyngeal artery
4.
In second week of development
T c. sympathetic nerve plexus a. bilaminar germ disc is formed
F d. spinal accessory nerve
b. gastrulation occurs
F e. transverse cervical nerve c. process of neurulation starts
14. Otic placode gives rise to following parts of ear d. amniotic cavity appears
T a. saccule e. tertiary villi develops
5.
Pressure epiphyses include
36 Anatomy Paper : I
T a. greater trochanter of femur 16. Rhombencephalon gives attachment to the
F b. head of femur following cranial nerves
T c. lesser tubercle of humerus T a. diencephalon
T d. radial tuberosity T b. mesencephalon
F e. condyles of upper tibia F c. metencephalon
6. Simple squamous epithelium is found in the T d. myelencephalon
a. alveolus of lung F e. telenceplalon
F
T b. endonthelium of blood vessel 17. Medulla bolongata gives attachment to the
following cranial nerves

TTER
T c. external ear
F b. facial
T d. mesothelium of serous cavity Т a. abducent
T d. trochlear
F e. proximal convoluted tubule of kidney c. hypoglossal
F
7. Parts of fetal membrane include e. vagus

T a. amnion 18. Circle of willis is formed by the following

TEFFTATTEtedfreet
arteries
T b. bilaminar germ dise
c. chorion Т a. anterior
T
d. neural plate b. internal carotid
T
T e. yolk sac c. middle cerebral
d. posterior cerebral
8.

Mitotic cell division occurs in

a. liver cell Т e. vertebral

BFT al 19.
Т b. primary spermatocyte Uveal tract of eyeball consists of
Т
c. secondary spermatocyte a. cornea

d. smooth muscle cell Т b. ciliary body

Т
c. choroid
e. spermatogomium
9.

Skeletal muscle cells Т d. iris

T a. are cylindrical in shape 20. e. sclera

F b. are connected with each other by intercalated discs Components of limbic lobe are
T c. possess single nucleus a. cingulate gyrus
T d. develop from splanchinc mesoderm Т b. hypothalamus
F e. cannot regenerate c. induseum griseum
10. Surface modifications of cell include d. parahippocampal
T a. cillia T e. subcallosal sulcus
T b. flagella First prof. MBBS Exam. of May, 2019
T c. microvilli Subject: Anatomy; paper - 1
F d. plicae circulares 1. Intermediate filaments are found in the
F e. villi following locations
11. Middle meatus of the lateral wall of the nose a. bone
receives drainage from the following structures b. cardiac muscle
a. frontal air sinus c. endothelial cell
b. maxillary airsinus d. vascular smooth muscle
c. naso lacrimal duct e. fibroblast

TFS RE
2.

FT L M I E S G
Т d. posterior ethmoidal air cell Conectinous capillaries are found in the
e. sphenoidal air sinus a. cerebrum
12.

Muscles derived from 1st pharyngeal arch include b. liver

a. anterior belly of digastric muscle c. lung

Т b. buccinator muscle d. pituitary gland
e. skeletal muscle
c. levator veli palatini muscle
3. Thin skin are found in the
Τ d. muscles of mastication
Т a. back of the neck
e. posterior belly of digastric muscle T
13.

b. front of the thigh

Structures passing through jugular foramen include
c. palm of the hand
Т a. glossopharyngeal nerve Т d. scalp
b. hypoglossal
e. sole of the foot
F c. inferior petrosal sinus
4. Movable joints include
d. mandibular nerve Т a. atlanto occipital joint
e. vagus nerves
b. basiocciput

TFHER T
14. Waldeyer's ring consists of c. costochondral joint
a. jugulodigastric lymph node d. costovertebraljoint
b. palatine tonsil e. gomphosis
5.

c. thymus Regarding the functions of connective tissue cells

d. tubal tonsil Т a. fibroblast produces ground substance
e. vallate papilla b. macrophage helps in wound healing
15. Branches of external carotid artery include Т
c. plasma cell forms antibody
a. facial artery d. mast cell secretes mediators of inflammation
b. lingual artery e. basophil synthesizes collagen fibre
c. occipital artery 6.
Notochord of a developing embryo
d. ophthalmic artery
e. vertebral artery T
a.b. influences the development of primitive streak
lies above the epiblast cells
F
c. is a solid cord of intraembryonic mesoderm
 Anatomy Paper : I' 37

T d. represents the axis of the body T d. postganglionic nerve fibre of sympathetic

T e. induces the differentiation of ectoderm outflow is myelinated
7. Apocrine sweat glands are found in the F
e. multiple Schwann cells myelinate one peripheral
T a. axilla nerve
T b. areola of the nipple 17. Internal capsule

STREF
c. forehead
T a. is a compact band of projection fibres
T d. palm of the hand b. is continuous with corona radiata above
T e. scalp Т c. is continuous with tectum of midbrain below
8. Regarding morula Т d. conveys corticospinal fibres through its anterior
F a. it is composed of eight blastomeres cerebral artery
T b. the blastomeres come in contact by compaction F e. is only supplied by striate branches of anterior
process cerebral artery
c. it is formed on the 6th day after fertilization 18. Derivatives of neural tube include
ТТ

T RE
d. it penetrates the uterine mucosa a. brain

RTAF ELS
e. it is covered by zona pellucida b. 31 pairs of spinal nerves
9.

Periosteum of bone c. pachymeninges

T a. is composed of type II collagen fibres d. parasympathetic ganglia
F b. is avascular Τ e. spinal cord
T c. possesses osteogenic cell layer 19. Basal nuclei include

a. caudate nucleus T b. lentiform nucleus

T d. is attached to the bone by Sharpey's fibre Т

c. red nucleus T d. amygdaloid body

T e. provides protection to bone
10. Human placentas e. mammillary body
T a. is a temporary endocrine gland 20. Following feeder arteries reinfkorce the arterial
T b. us haemoendothelial in type supply of spinal cord
T c. is formed by decidua basalis and chorionic
F a. ascending cervical
T b. deep cervical
frondosum
d. starts functioning at 2nd month of intrauterine life
F
c. descending cervical
F d. intercostal
F e. secretes HCG from troploblast cells at 10-12 T e. deep lumbar
days of gestation
11. Lateral wall of the nasopharynx shows First prof. MBBS Exam. of November, 2018
T a. opening of the audutory tube Subject: Anatomy; paper - I
b. palatine tonsil 1. smooth endoplasmic reticulum are
F c. lingual tonsil a. attached with polyribosomes F
d. salpingoplaryngeal fold b. composed of stacks of flatened cistern T
e. palatoplaryngeal fold c. present in serous secreting cells
12. Middle ear
d. responsible for muscle contraction
a. is lined by stratified squamous epithelium e. abundant in adrenal gland T
T b. through auditus communicates with mastoid antrum
2. Fibroblast
c. is innervated by mandibular nerve
a. is a mature connective tissue cell F
T d. contains ossicks
b. is an inactive cell F
F e. communicates with laryngopharynx
13. Facial nerve supplies the following glands c. is a long elongated cell with multiple processes T
T a. parotid
d. synthesizes extracellular matrix T

F b. submandibular e. helps in tissue repair T

c. sublingual 3. Secondary cartilaginous joints include

d. lacrimal a. joint between two adjacent vertebral bodies T

e. parathyroid b. manubriosternal joint F

14. Muscles responsible for depression of c. middle radioulnar joint

temporomandibular joint include d. pubic symphysis
T a. anterior belly of digastric e. sagittal suture
b. genionyoid 4. Barriers of oocyte include
T c. lateral pterygoid a. corona radiata T
d. masseter b. cumulus oophorus T

T e. temporalis c. perivitelline space F

15. Thyroid gland d. vitelline membrane T

a. develops from midline endodermal thyroid e. zona pellucida
diverticulum 5. Cranial bones developing from both cartilage
T b. is enclosed within pretracheal fascia and membrane include
F c. is situated opposite the 5th cervical to 1st thoracic a. maxilla F
vertebras b. mandible F
F d. receives arterial supply from middle thyroid artery c. occipital T
e. is drained by thyroid veins d. parietal
16. Regarding myelination e. temporal T
a. it begins before birth 6. Skeletal muscle
T b. optic nerve is myelinated by Schwann cell
c. single oligodendrocyte myelinates a single nerve a. contains alternate arrangement of dark and light
bands T
fibre
b. cells are multinucleated T
38 Anatomy Paper : I

c. fasciculi are surrounded by endomysium c. is situatedin the subarachnoid space F

d. are supplied by autonomic nerves F d. is formed by anterior cerebral artery F

e. cells are present in iris F e. gets contribution from middle cerebral artery T

7. Endodermal derivatives include 17. piamater

a. bone F a. develops from neural crest cell
b. epidermis of skin F b. is lightly adherent with brain
c. parenchyma of liver T c. bridges over the brain
d. thyroid gland d. forms villi projecting into venous sinuses
e. testes F e. modify into denticulate ligament
8. Motor neurons are located in the 18. parts of brainstem include
a. anterior horn cells of spinal cord T a. cerebellum

FT
b. medulla oblongata
b. sympathetic chain T

c. precentral gyrus c. midbrain

d. dorsal root ganglia d. pons
e. olfactory epithelium F e. thalamus
9. Regarding cleavage 19. parasympathetic ganglia include
a. it is a series of mitotic cell division T a. cillary ganglia T
b. it occurs after formation of zygote T b. dorsal root ganglia F

c. diploid blastomere cells are formed T c. geniculate ganglia F

d. male and female pronucleus union occurs F d. otic ganglia T

e. it occurs in 2nd week of embryonic development T e. trigeminal ganglia F

10. Examples of merocrine gland include 20. Refractive media of eyeball include
T
a. liver a. cornea

TR
F b.iris F
b. mammary gland
T c. lens
c. pancreas
F d. retina F
d. sebaceous gland
T
e. thyroid gland e. vitreous humor
11. Derivatives of 3rd pharyngeal pouch include First Prof. MBBS Exam. of May 2018
F
a. auditory tube Subject: Anatomy Paper- I
T
b. inferior parathyroid gland 1. Structures formed following fertilization include
F
c. palatine tonsil a. blastomere T
F
d. superior parathyroid gland b. morula T
T c. oocyte F
e. thymus
F
12. Following parts of face develop from maxillary d. ovum
T
e. zygote
prominence
a. bridge of the nose T 2. Hinge joints include
b. check T a. interphalangeal
c. forehead

d. medial pert of upper lip

e. lateral part of upper lip
F

F
b. metcarpophalangeal
c. wrist
d. inferiot radioulnar
e. elbow
TF
T
F

13. Cranial nerves related to lateral wall of 3. Smooth muscle cells are found in
cavernous sinus include a. pharynx

PFT
F
a. oculomotor b. larynx

T FT
b. ophthalmic c. lower 1/3rd of oesophagus
d. tracheas
c. Maxillary
T
d. facial e. soft palate
e. trochlear 4. Golgi complex initiates following processes
a. transcription

BEFT
14. Infratemporal fossa contains b. translation
a. lingual nerve
c. postranslatichal modification

EF T
b. maxillary nerve d. concentration
c. pterygopalatine ganglion e. packaging T

d. pterygoid muscles 5. Structures developing from somite include

a. vertebra T
e. pterygoid venous plexus
b. femur
15. Maxillary air sinus
a. appears after birth
b. lightens the skull
c. is lived by stratified squamous epithelium
F
T
F
c. epidermis of skin
d. rib
e. kidney
EFT
T 6. Diaphysis of bone
d. opens into lateral wall of the nose
T a. forms the tubular shaft of long bone T
e. is supplied by superior alveolar nerves b. develops from seceondary ossification centre
16. Circle of Willis
T
c. has thin compact layer
a. is an arterial anastomotic circle T
T d. is supplied by nutrient & periosteal arteries
b. is an example of potential anastomosis
 Anatomy Paper : 1 39

e. fuses with epiphysis by secondary cartilaginous b. spinal nerve roots T

joint T
c. cauda equina
7. Cell surface modifications include d. arachnoid villi
a. villi F
b. microvilli
e. ligamentum denticulatum
T
18. Reticular formation
c. cilia
d. flagella T a. is a continuous network of deeply placed neurons
e. plica circularis F and nerve fibers T

8. Fetal membranes are b. is confined within the brainstem

a. amnion c. has medial and lateral two columns

TF
b. chorion d. influences emotional behavior
c. piacental villi e. is respectible for control of level of
d. trilaminar germ disc consciousness
e. primitive streak
19. Cranial nerves attached to the pontomedullary
9. Exchange vessels include
junction include
a. artrioles F
a. focial T
b. capillaries T
c. meta arterioles F b. glossopharyngeal F

d. post capillary venules F c. hypoglossal F

e. sinusoids T d. trigeminal F

10. Hyaline cartilage e. vestibulococlear T

a. contains type I collagen fiber T 20. Acqueous humour

b. covers the articular surface of bone T a. is a refractive media T

c. forms epiphyseal plate F b. is formed by the capillaries of cilliary process T

d. is vascular F c. fills up posterior segments of eyeball F
e. is found in the acetabular labrum T T
d. provide nutrition to cornea
11. pterion is the meeting place of the following e. maintains intraocular pressure F
bones
1st Prof. MBBS Exam.of November, 2017
a. frontal T

b. parietal T Sub: Anatomy, Paper -I (MCQ)

c. temporal T 1. Hyaline cartilage are found in the
d. maxilla F a. articular disc T

e. zygomatic F b. costal cartilage T

12. Taste buds are found in the c. epiphyseal cartilage T

a. epiglottis d. intervertebral disc F

b. gum e. trachea T

c. nasopharynx 2. Cleavage
d. papillae of tongue a. is a series of mitotic cell division
e. soft palate b. occurs in zygote T
13. Cricothyroid muscle of larynx c. forms blastomeres T
a. is placed externally on the laryngeal wall d. is the union of male and female pronucleus F
b. tenses the vocal cord
e. occurs in 2nd week of pregnancy F
c. is supplied by internal laryngeal nerve 3. Intramembranous ossification are found in the
d. develops from 6th pharyngeal arch a. frontal bone T
cause adduction of vocal cord
b. parietal bone
14. Foramen magnum transmits c. patella
a. lower part of medulla T d. rib
T
b. anterior spinal artery e. sternum F

c. basilar artery F 4. Cilia is present in the lining epithelium of the

d. vertebral artery T a. alveolus F
e. cranial part of accesory nerve F
b. fallopian tube T
15. facial nerve supplies the following muscles c. oropharynx F

a. anterior belly of digastric F

d. principal bronchus T
b. masscter T e. small intestine F
c. orbicularis oculi T 5. Fetal membranes include
d. platysma T a. allantois T
e. superior rectus F
b. blastocyst F
16. Nissl granules are present in the c. chorion T
a. cytoplasm of neurons d. placenta T
b. nuclei of neurons
e. zygote F
c. axon hillocks 6. Neuroglial cells
d. axons a. can conduct nerve impulse F
e. dendrites
b. are excitable in nature F
17. Contents of subarachnold space are c. have phagocytic action T
a. CSF T
d. provide myelation to nerve fiber T
40 Anatomy Paper : 1
e. form blood brain barrier T d. subarachnoid cistern F

7. Mesodermal derivatives include e. tela choroidea T

a. bone T 17. Derivatives of neural tube include

T a. brain T
b. cartilage
T
c. epidermis of skin F b. optic nerve

d. parenchyma ofliver F c. dorsal root ganglion F

e. sweat gland F d. posterior pituitary gland F

e. Schwann cell F
8. Primary lymphoid organs include 18. Tracts of extrapyramidal system include
a. bone marrow
F

TF T
a. corticospinal
b. lymph node b. reticulospinal T
c. spleen c. rubrospinal T
d. tonsil F
d. spinotectal
e. thymus e. vestibulospinal T

9. Grey matter is composed of 19. Parts of basal ganglia are

T
a. blood vessels a. caudate nucleus T
T
b. cell body of neurons b. globus pallidus T
F T
c. lymph vessels c. putamen
F F
d. myelinated nerve fibers d. red nucleus
T
e. neuroglia e. substantia nigra F

10. Skeletal muscle is found in the following organs 20. Cornea

T a. Forms anterior 5/6th of outer fibrous coat of eyeball F
a. pharynx
b. stomach
T
F b. is transparent
c. is a vascular structure
FTF
c. tongue
d. the diaphragm
T d. is lined by simple squamous epithelium
e. trachea
F e. acts as a refractive media
11. Middle meatus of the lateral wall of nose First Prof. MBBS Exam. of May, 2017
receives drainage from
Sub. Anatomy, Paper (1) MCQ
a. anterior ethmoidal air cells
F 1. Multipolar neurons are located in the
T a. anterior horn cell of spinal cord
b. frontal air sinus b. trigeminal ganglion T
T
c.maxillary air sinus c. primary motor cortex
F
d. nasolacrimal duct d. dorsal root ganglion
e. sphenoidal air sinus e. lateral horn cell of spinal cord
12. Inferior orbital fissure transmits 2. Striated muscle
F a. is multinucleated
a. frontal nerve F
T b. can regenerate
b. infraorbital vessels
F c. gets nerve supply from autonomic nerves F
c. mandibular nerve d. is present in the lower third of oesophagus F
T
d. orbital branch of pterygopalatine ganglion e. develops from myotome T
T
e. zygomatic nerve 3. Epiblast is the source of
13. Muscles developing from 2nd pharyngeal arch a. all three germ layers
include b. primordial germ cell
T
a. anterior belly of digastric muscle c. Heauser's membrane
F
b. cricothyroid muscle d. neural tube
T
c. muscles of facial expression e. trophoblast
F
d. posterior belly of digastric muscle 4. Types of joint present is between two adjacent
T vertebrae include
e. stapedius muscle
F
14. Hard palate is formed by the following bones a. condylar joint
T
F b. fibrous joint
a. ethmoid
F
b. frontal c. plane type of synovial joint
c. maxilla
T d. primary cartilaginous joint
d. palatine
T e. secondary cartilaginous joint
e. zygomatic
F 5. Reticular fibers are present in
a. bone marrow T
15. Cranial nerves attached to the pontomedullary
b. capsule of liver
junction include F
F c. epiglottis
a. glossopharyngeal
b. facial
T d. Haversian system of compact F

T e. lymph node T
c. trigeminal 6. Mitochondria
F
d. vagus a. are membrane bound organelles T
F
e. vestibulo cochlear
b. synthesize protein F
16. CSF is secreted by
a.arachnoid granulation F c. are present in metabolically inactive cells F

T d. bears paternal DNA F

b. choroid plexus
T e. are few in cardiac myocytes F
c. ependymal cell
 41
Anatomy Paper : 1

7. Growing end of long bones include c. abducent nerve T

a. upper end of humerus F d. trochlear nerve T

b. lower end of fibula F e. ophthalmic nerve F

c. lower end of femur T 18. Components of limbic system include
d. lower end of radius T a. anterior thalamic nuclei T
e. upper end of tibia T
b. cingulate gyrus F
8. Sensory receptors of dermis include c. corpus callosum F
a. end bulb of Krausse T
d. lateral geniculate body

FERT
b. free nerve ending F
e. parahippocampal gyrus T
c. Merkel's corpuscle 19. Which of the following cranial nerve nuclei are
d. Merkel's disc F
motor in function?
e. Pacinian corpuscle T
a. abducent nucleus T
9. Amniotic fluid is derived from b. dorsal nucleus of vagus
a. amnioblast c. nucleus of tractus solitarius
b. epiblast d. oculomotor nucleus
c. fetal urine e. vestibular nucleus F

d. maternal blood 20. Parts of the brain developing from

e. yolk sac mesencephalon of neural tube include

a. basal ganglia F
10. Barriers of oocyte include
b. crus cerebri T
a. corona radiata
b. cumulus oophorus
TF
F
c. hypothalamus
T
F

d. tectum
c. perivitelline space F e. thalamus F

d. vitelline membrane 1st Prof. MBBS Exam, of November, 2016

e. zona pellucida T
Subject: Anatomy with Histology Paper I
11. Parts of the face developing from fronto nasal 1. Following structures are found in an

process include embryo at the of 2nd week of development

a. bridge of the nose T a. yolk sac
b. cheek b. chorionic cavity
c. forehead T c. tertiary villi
d. medial part of upper lip T d. primitive streak
F e. bilaminar germ disc
e. lateral part of upper lip
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Fe) T
12. Nasal septum is formed by the following bones 2. Results of fertilization include
a. cribriform plate of ethmoid bon F
a. formation of zygote
T
b. perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone b. disappearance of zona pelucida
c. perpendicular plate of palatine bone F c. restoration of diploid number of chromosomes
T d. determination of sex of the embryo
d. septal cartilage
e. vomer T e. initiation of cleavage
Ans. a) T b)T c) T d) Fe) T
13. Cavernous sinus communicates with
3. Following are the membrane bound organelles
a. cavernous sinus of opposite side T
a. microtubule
b. pterygoid venous plexus b. microfilament
c. sigmoid sinus c. mitochondria
d. straight sinus d. Golgi apparatus
e. veins ofthe orbit e. lysosome
14. Derivatives of 3rd pharyngeal pouch include Ans. a) F b)F c) T d) Te) T
a. auditory tube 4. In first meiotic cell division following events occur
b. inferior parathyroid gland a. pairing of homologous chromosomes
F
c. palatine tonsil b. splitting of chromosomes at Centromere
d. superior parathyroid c. exchange of genetic materials
T
e. thymus d. arrangement of paired chromosomes at Spindle
15. Middle ear cavity coritains e. disintegration of nuclear membrane
a. chorda tympani nerve T
Ans. a)T b) c) d) e)
F
b. auriculotemporal nerve 5. Elastic cartilage are found in
c. tympanic plexus of nerve a. external ear

d. stapedius muscle b. auditory tube

e. stypopharyngeus muscle c. trachea d. nasal septum
16. Circle of Willis is formed by e. Larynx
a. anterior cerebral artery F Ans. a) T b)T c)F_ d)F e)F
b. posterior cerebral artery T 6. Multipolar neurons are located at
a. motor area of cerebrum
c. posterior communicating artery
d. middle cerebral artery b. posterior horn cells of spinal cord
e. vertebral atery F c. dorsal root ganglia
17. Extraocular muscles are supplied by d. trigeminal ganglia
a. oculomoror nerve T e. cerebellar cortex

b. trigeminal nerve F Ans. a)T b) c)F d)F e) T

42 Anatomy Paper : 1

7. Following are merocrine glands b. Merkel's disc

a. mammary gland c. Meissner's corpuscle
b. sebaceous gland d. pacinian corpuscle
c. parotid gland e. Ruffini's corpuscle
d. submandibular gland Ans. a) T b) c) d) e)
e. sublingual gland
19. Following structures are found in
Ans. a)F b) F c) T d) e) T the
8. Cells of phagocytic system include transverse section of the midbrain at the levelof
superior colliculi
a. osteoclast
a. red nucleus
b. mast cell
b. nucleus of occulomotor nerve
c. plasma cell
c. nucleus of trochlear nerve
d. monocyte
e. microglia d. trapezoid body
e. medial lemniscus
Ans. a) T b)F c)F d)T e) T
Ans. a) T b)T c) F d) Te) T
9. Capillary bed of portal circulation are found in
20. Corpus striatum include
the following organs
a. caudate nucleus

.
www
a. pancreas
b. lentiform nucleus
b. kidney
c. claustrum LAN
c. pituitary gland
d. thyroid gland d. amygdaloid nucleus 400
e. pineal gland e. external capsule
Ans. a)F b)T c)T d)F e) F Ans. a) T b) T c) F d)F e)F
10. Periosteum contains DU- July, 2016
Ond
1. Notochord
a. osteoprogenitor cells
b. osteoblast c. osteoclast a. is formed by ectoderm
d. collagen fibre e. elastic fibre b. lies on the surface of hypoblast
Ans. a)T b) F c) F d)T e) F c. is essential for the development of trilaminal
germ disc.
11. Following are the muscles of mastication 1
a. buccinator b. masseter
d. persists as nucleus pulposus
e. influences the development of nervous system
c. temporal d. digastric Ans. a) T b) c) d) Te)
e. lateral pterygoid 2. Following cells are found in the epidermis
Ans. a)F b) Tc) F d)F e) T a. Langerhan's cell
12. Maxillary nerve supplies the skin of b. keratinocyte
a. temporal region b. auricle c. fibroblast
c. low eyelid d. cheek d. plasma cell
e. mast cell
e. upper lip
Ans. a) F b) F c) T d) Te)T Ans. a) Tb) Tc) Td) Fe) F
13. Carotid sheath surrounds
3. Mitotic cell division occurs in the following cells
a. hepatocyte
a. common carotid artery b. osteoblast
b. internal carotid artery c. cardiac myocyte
c. external carotid artery d. primordial germ cell
d. internal jugular vein e. fibroblast
e. external jugular vein Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Fe) T
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Te) F 4.
Red bone marrow are found in the following
14. Following crania nerves plus through the areas of bones throughout life
openings of middle crania fossa a. ribs
b. abducent b. clavicle
a. trigeminal
d. vagus c. shaft of tibia
c. glossopharyngeal
e. accessory
d. iliac crest
e. maxilla
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Fe) F
15. Cranium consists of the following bones Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) Te) F
a. temporal b. ethmoid 5. Membrane bound organelles are
d. lacrimal a. mitochondria
c. occipital
b. lysosome
e. palatine
c. peroxisome
Ans. a) T b)F c)T d)F e)F d. ribosome
16. Cranial venous sinuses are devoid of
a. endothelium b. fenestration
e. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Ans. a) T b) T c) T d) Fe) T
d. endothelium
c. smooth muscles
6. Parasympathetic stimulation
e. valves a. causes vasodilatation
Ans. a) Fb)T c) d) F e) T b. increases heart rate
17. Middle ear cavity contains c.d. increases
relaxes
secretion of bronchial glands
a. malleus b. incus constrictor papillae
e.
c. stapedius muscle d. tympanic membrane increases gastric secretion
e. auditory tube . a) F b) F c) F d) Fe) T

Ans. a) T b)T c)T d)F e) T 7. a.Following veins aredevoid of valves

internal jugular vein
18. Non encapsulated receptors are b. cranial venous sinus
a. free nerve endings c. cephalic vein
 Anatomy Paper : I 43

d. basilic wein 18. Following are the parts of limbic system

e. small saphenous vein a. Subcallosal gyrus
Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Fe) F b. cingulated gyrus
8. Simple squamous epithelium lines the c. parahippocampal gyrus
a. venous wall d. cuneus
b. lung alveoli e. precuneus
c. bronchiole Ans. a) F b) F c) T d) Fe) F
d. Bowman's capsule of kidney 19. Derivatives of prosencephalon include
e. air sinus a. cerebrum
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Te) F b. cerebellum
9. Sesamoid bones are associated with tendons of c. midbrain
following muscles d. thalamus
a. peroneus longus e. eyeball
b. quadriceps femoris Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) F
c. pronator quadratus 20. Meningeal layer dura mater is attac to the

d. tibialis anterior
a. crista galli
e. adductor magnus b. posterior clinoid process
Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Fe) T c. internal occipital crest
10. Elastic cartilages are found in the auditory tube d. margins of foramen magnum
a. auditory tube e. greater wings of sphenoid bone
b. nasal septum Ans. a) F b) Tc) Td) Fe) F
c. epiphyseal plate DU-May, 2016
d. pinna 1. Dense regular connective tissue is found in the
e. epiglottis a. dermis
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) T b. mucous membrane of intestine
11. Carotid sheath surrounds c. capsule of organ
a. common carotid artery d. tendon
b. internal carotid artery e. ligament
c. external carotid artery Ans. a) F b) F c)F d) e) T
d. external jugular vein 2. Osteoclasts are
e. internal jugular vein a. motile cells
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Fe) T b. possess multiple muscle
12. Infratemporal fossa contains c. derived from bone marrow
a. part of parotid gland d. connnected with each other by gap junctions
b. submandibular gland e. component of Haversian system Ans. a) F b) T c)
c. maxillary ? d) Te) T
d. maxillary nerve 3. Elastic arteries have
e. mandibular nerve a. thick tunica intima
Ans. a) F b) F c) ? d) F e) T b. well developed tunica adventitia
13. Accessory cranial nerve supplies the following c. prominent internal elastic lamina
muscles d. abundant smooth muscle in tunica media
a. sternocleidomastoid b. sternohyoid e. subendothelial connective tissue layer
c. sternothyroid d. trapezius 4. Sebaceous glands are abundant on the
e. latissimus dorsi a. palm
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) F b. sole

14. Paired cartilages of larynx are c. face

a. thyroid b. cricoids d. axilla
c. arytenoids d. corniculate e. nipple
e. cuneiform Ans. a) F b) F c) T d) Te) T
Ans. a) F b) F c) T d) Te) T 5. Followings are the hyaline cartilage
15. 2nd cervical vertebra is characterized by the a. glenoidal
b. acetabular labrum
presence of
a. body b. dens c. epiphyseal plate d. thyroid cartilage
e. auditory tube
c. large spinus process d. short anterior arch
Ans. a) Tb) T c) T d) Te) F
e. large articular facet on the transverse process
6. Myelination of nerve fibres are formed by
Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Te) T
16. Cavernous sinus contains the following nerves
a. fibrous astrocytes
a. oculomotor b. protoplasmic astrocytes
b. trochlear
c. oligodendrecytes
d. microglia
c. opththalmic e. schwann cells
d. mandibular
Ans. a) F b) F c) T d) Fe) T
e. optic 7. Mitotic cell division occur in
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Fe) F
a. primordial germ cell
17. Posterior triangle of the neck contains
a. trunks of brachial plexus
b. secondary spermatocyte
c. spermatid
b. cords of brachial plexus
c. branches of cervical plexus d. zygote
e. blastomere
d. accessory nerve
e. vagus nerve Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) T
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) F
44 Anatomy Paper : I

8. Following events occur when spermatozoan d. sphenoidal

enter into the secondary oocyte during e. frontal
fertilization Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) F e) T
derivatives
a. acrosome reaction
18. Following structures are of

b. cortical
prosencephalon of developing brain
a. thalamus b. basal nuclei
c. zona reaction c. deep cerebellar nuclei
d. formation of female pronucleus d. red nucleus
e. formation of male pronucleus e. crus cerebri
9. Cells of primitive streak form Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Fe) F
a. ectoderm 19. Pons is supplied by the branches of
a. basilar artery
b. endoderm b. anterior inferior cerebellar artery
c. notochord
c. posterior inferior cerebellar artery
d. cytotrophoblast d. posterior cerebral artery
e. syncytiotrophoblast e. posterior communication artery
10. Sinusoids are abundant in
20. The fibres of pyramidal tract pas through j
a. spleen
a. corona radiate b. internal capsule
b. adrenal medulla
c. bone marrow c. crus cerebri
d. thymus d. tegmentum of midbrain
e. superior cerebellar peduncle
e. pancreas
Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) Fe) F Ans. a) T b) T c) T d) F e) F
11. Following nerve are related to the 1st prof. MBBS Exam. of November-2015
a. mandibular Subject: Anatomy: paper-I
b. lingual nerve 1. Following structures are formed in the second
c. hypoglossal nerve week of development:
d. inferior alveolar nerve a. primitive streak
e. auriculotemporal nerve b. notochord

12. Investing layer of deep cervical fascia splits to c. epiblast

enclose the following glands d. extraembryonic mesoderm
a. parotid e. chorionic cavity
b. submandibular 2. Endodermal germ layer forms I
c. sublingual parenchyma of following glands:
d. thyroid a. parotid
e. parathyroid b. mammary
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) F c. thyroid
13. Blood vessels within the substance of parotid d. liver
gland are e. pancreas
a. external carotid artery
3. Nissle substances are present in the:
b. maxillary artery a. cytoplasm of neurons
c. common facial vein b, nuclei of neurons
d. external jugular vein c. axon hillock
e. retromandibular vein d. axons
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Te) T c. dendrites
14. Sternocleidomastoid muscle is attached to the 4. Myelin sheath is formed by following neuroglial cells:
a. manubrium sternum a. fibrous astrocyte
b. clavicle b. protoplasmic astrocyte
c. first rib c. oligodendrocytc
d. occipital bone d. microglia
e. parietal bone e. Schwann cell
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Te) F
5. Following receptors are present in the epidermis ofskin:
15. Auditory tube
a. free nerve ending
a. connects nasopharynx with the tympanic cavity b. Merket's disc
b. maintains equilibrium of air pressure on both
sides of tympanic membrane
c. Meissner's corpuscle
c. has lateral cartilaginous part
d. Pacinian corpuscle
d. is made of elastic cartilage e. Ruffini's corpuscle
e. is lined with stratified squrnous epithelium 6. Following bones ossify in membrane:
a. frontal
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Te) F
16. Facial nerve supplied the following muscles b. parietal
a. buccinators c. clavicle
b. orbicularis oculi d. ribs
c. levator palpebrae superioris e. maxilla
d. masseter 7. Intra-arlicular fibrocartilaginous discs are
e. stapedius present in the following joints:
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Fe) T a. temporomandibular
17. Following air sinuses open into the middle b. sternoclavicular
meatusofnose c. elbow
a. anterior ethmoidal d. knee
b. posterior ethmoidal c. ankle
c. middle ethmoidal
 Anatomy Paper : 1 45

3. Multi-pennate muscles are: d. corpus callosum

a. rectus femoris e. corona radiata
b. rectus abdominis structures develop from
19. Following
c. lumbricals
d. deltoid
rhombencephalon or developing brain
e. tibialis anterior
a. hypothalamus
b. midbrain
9. Following bones contain red marrow throughout
life: c. pons

a. ribs d. cerebellum
b. sternum e. medulla oblongata
c. vertebra 20. Following tracts are present in the posterior
d. metacarpal funiculus or spinal cord:
e. metatarsal
a. fasciculus gracilis
10. Epithelial cell surface modifications are; b. fasciculus cuneatus
a. villi
b. microvilli c. spinotectal tract
c. sterocilia
d. posterior spinocerebellar tract
e. dorsolateral tract
d. cilia
e. flagella 1st prof. MBBS Exam. of July-2015
Carotid sheath contains: Subject: Anatomy: paper-I
a. internal carotid artery 1. Hyaline cartilages arc:
b. external carotid artery a. thyroid cartilage
c. internal jugular vein b. epiglottis
d. external jugular vein c. cricoid cartilage
e. anterior jugular vein d. menisci
12. Branches of trigeminal nerve pass through the e. intervertibral disc
following foramina or fissures: 2. Cell surface modifications include
a. foramen ovale a. villi & microviili
b. stylomastoid foramen c. cilia
c. jugular foramen d. flagella
d. superior orbital fissure e. plica circulars
e. inferior orbital fissure 3. Fetal membranes arc:
13. Paired venous sinuses are: a. amnion
a. cavernous sinus b. chorion.
b. sigmoid sinus c. piaccnlal villi
c. superior sagittal sinus d. trilaminar germ disc
d. occipital sinus e. primitive streak
e superior petrosal sinus 4. Loose areolar tissue is located in
Danger area of the face comprises of: a. dermis
a. upper lip b. hypodermis
b. angle of mouth c. lamina propria
c. lower part of nose d. tendon
d. medial part of cheek
e. aponeurosis
c. lower eyelid
5. Cleavage
15. Salivary glands receive sceretomotor fibres from a. is a series of milotic cell division
following cranial nerves
b. occurs in blastocysl
a. trigeminal c. results in formation of blastomeres
b. facial
d. occurs in fallopian tube
c. glosopharyngeal
e. is an event of 2nd week of development
d. vagus
6. Multipolar neurons are located in
c. hypoglossal
16. Muscles of the tongue are attached to the a. primary motor of cerebrum
following bones: b. anterior horn of spinal cord
a. mandible c. posterior horn of spinal cord
b. maxilla d. dorsal root ganglion
e. cerebellum
c. hyoid
d. mastoid process 7. Primary lymphoid organs arc.
e. styloid process a. lymph node
17. Piriform fossa: b. spleen
a. is situated in the oropharynx c. .Peycr's patches
b. lies on the each side of inlet of larynx d. bone marrow
c. is related laterally to palatine tonsil e. thymus
d. has internal laryngeal nerve beneath its 8. Capillaries of portal circulation are located in
mucous membrane a. anterior pituitary gland
e. is the site for impaction of foreign bodies b. posterior pituiiary gland
18. Which matter of the cerebrum include: c. wall of small intestine
a. insula d. liver
b. claustrum
e. kidney
c. fornix
46
Anatomy Paper : I
9. DNA is located in 20. Following cranial nerves are attached at the
a. nucleus pontomedullary junction
b. abducent
b. rough endoplasmic reticulum a. trigeminal
d. vestibulo-cochlear
c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. Facial
d. Golgi apparatus e. glossopharyngeal
e. Mitochondria 1st prof. MBBS Exam. of May-2015
10. Smooth muscles are found Subject: Anatomy: paper-I
a. pharynx 1. During replication of DNA, chromosomes
b. larynx a. are extremely long
c. lower one third of oesophagus b. begin to coil
d. trachea & soft palate c. spread diffusely through the nucleus
11. Jugular foramen transmits following nerves d. consists of two chromatids
a. mandibular d. are recognizable with the light microscope
b. facial 2. Following structures are formed by epiblast
b. notochord
c. glossopharyngeal a. primitive streak
c. amnioblast d. cxocoelomiu membrane
d. vagus
e. accessory e. chorionic plate
12. Following are the branches of external carotid 3. Reticular fibres arc abundant in
a. bone marrow b. lymph node
artery
c. thyrrtus d. fibrous capsule ofthe joint
a. ophthalmic artery
b. facial artery e. wall of large arteries
c. lingual artery 4. Osteoclasts are

d. superior thyroid artery a. multinucleated cells

e. occipital artery b. derived from monocytes
13. Lateral wall of the cavernous sinus is related to c. associated with matrix deposition
following nerves d. abundant at sites where bone remodeling is in progress
a. optic e. located in Volkmann's canal
b. oculomotor 5. Fetal membranes
c. trochlear a. are derived from zygote
d. ophthalmic b. are formed by trophobtast
e. facial mitochondria c. contribute to the formation of maternal
14. Following are the muscles of eyelid part of placenta
a. superior rectus d. provide supports to the fetus
b. inferior rectus e. include trilaminar germ disc
c. lateral rectus 6. Microfillaments in a cell are associated with the
d. orbicularis oculi a. formation of core of microvilli
e. levator palpebrae superioris b. beating of cilia
15. Face is characterized by the presence of c. intracellular transport of secretory granules
a. sweat gland d. maintenance of shape of the cell
b. sebaceous gland e. locomotion of cell
c. deep fascia 7. Sesamoid bones are associated with the tendons
d. loose connective tissue of following muscles
e. smooth muscle a. quadriceps femoris b. peroneus longus
16. Carotid sheath surrounds c. tibialis anterior d. soleus
a, common carotid artery e. hamstring, muscle
b. internal carotid artery 8. Bipolar neurons are located in
c. external carotid artery a. cochlear ganglia b. vestibular ganglia
d. internal jugular veine. externaljugular vein c. dorsal root ganglia d. ciliary ganglia
17. Followings are the part of basal nuclei e. otic ganglia
a. mammilary body 9. Followings are nonencapsulated receptors
b. caudate nucleus a. Merkel's disc b. free nerve ending
c. red nucleus c. pacinian corpuscle d. Meissner's corpuscle
d. lentiform nucleuse. amygdaloid nucleus e. Ruffini's corpuscle
18. Posterior which column of spinal cord is 10. Regarding the cells of epidermis
occupied by a. cells in stratum basale give rise to keralinocytes
a. fasciculus gracilis b. cells of stratum spinosum are in a single layer
b. fasciculus cuncatus c. cells ofstratum granulosum contain keratohyalin granules
c. posterior spinocercbellar tract d. stratum corneum contain anucleated cells
d. lateral spinothalamic tract e. cells of stratum lucidum have well developed organelles
e. lateral corlicospinal tract 11. Skeletal muscles of the head neck region is
19. The inlcrpeduncular fossa contains supplied by following cranial nerves
a. tube cinereum a. oculomotor b. maxillary
b. mammilary bodies c. facial d. glossopharyngeal
c. superior colliculi e. vagus

d. posterior perforated substance 12. Deep cervical fascia encloses

e. pineal gland a. larynx b. sternocleidomastoid muscle
 Anatomy Paper : 1 47

c. thyroid gland d. submandibular gland

e. cervical pan of oesophagus
13. Following are the synovial joints in the head &
neck region
a. atlanio-occipital joint
b. median atlanto-axial joint
c. lateral atlanlo-axial joint
d. joints between laminae of adjacent carvical vertebrae
e. joints between spines of adjacent cervical vertebrae
14. Facial vein
a. is located on deep fascia of face
b. is devoid of valves
c. is tortuous
d. drains lateral nasal wall
e. is connected with the cavernous sinus

15. Pyriform fossa is

a. situated in the oropharynx
b. located on each side of inlet of larynx
c. related to internal laryngeal nerve beneath its
mucous membrane
d. the site for impaction of foreign bodies
e. lined with ciliated columnar epithelium
16. Followings are the derivatives of frontonasal
prominence of developing face
a. forehead b. bridge of nose
c. checks d. lateral portion ofupper lip
e. philtrum of upper lip
17. Folds of dura matter arc attached to the
a. margins of foramen magnum
b. internal occipital crest
c. margins of superior orbital fissure
d. superior border of petrous pan of temporal bone
e. tuberculum sellae
18. Cerebellum receives afferent information from

he
a. epidermis b. dermis

c. skeletal muscles d. tendons

e. joints
19. Transverse section of the midnrain at the level of
inferior colliculus shows

a. red nucleus
b. substantia nigra
c. oculomotor nerve nucleus
FAST
d, trochlear nerve nucleus
e. mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
20. Reticular formation is
a. a network of deeply placed neurons and nerve fibres
b. confined to the brain stem
c, able to influence emotional behavior
d. responsible for control of state of consciousness
e. able to control motor activity
48 Anatomy Paper : Il

ANATOMY
PAPER-II
Contents
.49
Abdomen......
.49
Abdomen & It's Wall.........
.50
Gastro-Intestinal Tract
.52
Hepato Biliary System.......
.53
Urinary System.
.54
Genital System.
.56
Superior Extremity..
.59
Thorax.
..63
Inferior Extremity.
..66
University (SAQ).
..75
University (MCQ)..

"Does man think that he is to be left to wander [without an aim]?

Was he not once a drop of ejected semen?"
[Qur'an, Al-Qiyama (75) :36-37]
 Anatomy Paper: II 49

Abdomen

Abdomen & It's Wall

Anterior Abdominal Wall

Exclusive Questions:
1. Draw and label the different regions of abdomen? (DU: M-16, Ja-16)
***
Or, How do you divide abdomen into different regions? (DU: Ja-12/08)
2. Give the importance of different region of abdomen. (DU: Nov-18,May-16, Ja-12/08))
** 3. Name the muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall with their nerve supply and action. (DU: Ja-14)
Or, State the action and nerve supply of the muscles of anterior abdominal wall. (DU: Ja-12/08)
*** 4. State the muscles of anterior abdominal wall with their function. (DU: Ju-15/10)
*** 5. Function of the anterolateral abdominal muscle. (DU: Nov-18)
*** 6. Write briefly on Inguinal ligament. (DU: Oct-21)
*** 6. Write down the location, extention, boundary and contents of the inguinal canal (DU:M-19)
***7. Write down the clinical importance of inguinal canal. (DU:M-19)
*** 8. Explain developmentally/anatomically: why/how?
i) Femoral hernia is common in female. (DU: Oct-21,M-18/17)
ii) Inguinal hernia is common in male. (DU: M-16, Ja-11, Ju-07)
More Questions:

* 1. State the steps of direction of anterior abdominal wall. (DU: Ja-09)

* 2. Write down the boundaries of inguinal canal (DU: Ja-07)
* 3. What is McBurney's point? Write it's importance state the clinical importance of inguinal canal. (DU: Ja-07)
* 4. Explain developmentally/anatomically: why/how?
i) Physiological herniation occurs in intrauterine life. (DU: Ja-09)

Rectus Sheath
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. How rectus sheath is formed? (DU: Nov-16, Ju-10, Ja-06)
Or, Write about formation of rectus sheath (Use diagram). (DU: Nov-19/18)
*** 2. Draw and label the formation of rectus sheath? (DU: M-17, Ju-11)
*** 3. Mention the contents of rectus sheath. (DU: Nov-19/16, Ja-16/09, Ju-10)
*** 4. What is linea alba? (DU: Nov-19/16)
** 5. Mention how the muscles of anterolateral wall of abdomen contribute to the formation of rectus
sheath. (DU: Ja-14)
More Questions:
* 1. Clinical importance of rectus sheath.
* 2. Mention the clinical importance of linea alba.

Abdominal Vessel

Exclusive Questions:
** 1. Write briefly on: Abdominal aorta formation & its branches? (DU: Ju-14)
*** 2. Explain anatomically why splenic artery is tortuous ? (DU: M-17)
*** 3. Abdominal aorta- its histological type and branches. (DU: Nov-18)
More Questions:
** 1. Describe abdominal aorta? (DU: Ja-08)

The Diaphragm
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1.
*** 2. Give What
the origin,
are theinsertion,
large nerveopenings
supply
of the
and action
08 ofdiaphragm
?
the diaphragm.
Mention
the(DU: Jan-22,Ja-14,
characteristic
Ju-features )
and
structures passing through each opening. (DU: Nov-15)
50
Anatomy Paper : II

Or, Write the major opening of the diaphragm, structures passing through each opening and
nerve supply of the diaphraghm. (DU: Nov-18)
*** 3. Explain on developmental background why diaphragm is supplied by phrenic nerve? (DU: ja-14)
*** 4. Explain developmentally/anatomically: why/how?
i) Oesophagus passes through the muscular part of the diaphragm. (DU: Ja-11/07)
ii) Venacaval opening is located in tendinous part of the diaphragm. (DU: M-18/15, Ja-10, Ju-04)
*** 5. Write briefly on:
i) Large openings of the diaphragm. (DU: Ja-12)
ii) Major openings of the diaphragm. (DU: M-19)
*** 6. Short note:
i) Development of the diaphragm. (DU:M-17, Nov-17)
More Questions:
* 1. Enumerate the vertebral level of the diaphragmatic opening. (DU: Ja-06)
* 2. Why aortic opening of the diaphragm is osseoaponeurotic? (DU: Ju-06)
** 3. Write down the development of diaphragm. (DU: Ja-10)
** 4. Explain the nerve supply of the diaphragm from developmental background. (DU: Ja-10)
* 5. Fibrous pericardium & central tendon of the diaphragm have same nerve supply. (DU: Ja-07)
* 6. The diaphragm receives nerve supply from phrenic nerve. (DU: Ja-06)
* 7. Explain developmentally/anatomically: Why/ How?
i) Aortic opening of the diaphragm is osseoaponeurotic. (DU: Ju-07)

Gastro-Intestinal Tract
Oesophagus & Stomach
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Draw and label the light microscopic structure of oesophagus. (DU: Nov-15, Ja-15)
*** 2. What is gastric canal? (DU: M-17)
*** 3. Name the structures forming the stomach bed? (DU: Nov-18, Ja-11/06)
Or, Draw & label stomach bed. (DU Nov-19/16, Ja-14)

*** 4. Give an account of the lymphatic drainage of stomach? (DU: May-20/16, Ju-14/13/09/06, Ja
11)
Or, Describe the lymphatic drainage of stomach mentioning its clinical significance. (DU: M-17, Ju-15)
Or, draw & label the lymphatic drainage of stomach? (DU: Ja-12)
*** 5. Mention the arterial supply of stomach (used diagram). (DU: Nov-19/16)
*** 6. Write briefly on formation and nerve supply of pyloric sphincter. (DU: M-19)
*** 7. Explain developmentally/anatomically: Why/how?
i) Peptic Ulcer occurs usually along the lesser curvature of stomach. (DU: Nov-18, Ja-09)
ii) Greater omentum is called the policeman of abdomen. (DU: Ju-11,10)
iii) Explain why lesser curvature of stomach is more prone to gastric ulcer. (DU: Ju-14/13)
*** 8. Short note:
Structures forming stomach bed. (DU: Nov-17)
More Questions:
* 1. Name the derivatives of foregut? (DU: Ju-07)
* 2. What are the parts of stomach? (DU: Ju-09)
* 3. Give the formation & nerve supply of pyloric sphincter (DU: Ju-09)
* 4. Give the process of development of stomach. (DU: Ju-07/06)
* 5. Explain developmentally/anatomically: why/how?
i) Antero superior surface of stomach is supplied by left vagus nerve. (DU: Ja-07)

Small Intestine

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. What is Duodenal cap? (DU: M-16)
 Anatomy Paper : II 51

** 2. Draw & label the Histological structure of intestinal villi. (DU: Ju-11)
*** 3. Explain developmentally/anatomically: Why/How?
i) Second part of duodenum is important. (DU: Oct-21)
ii) Mucous membrane of GIT provides extensive surface area for absorption. (DU: Jan-22,Ja-12)
iii) Duodenum is supplied by branches of both coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric artery.
(DU: Nov-18, Ja-16/14/12)
*** 4. Mention the contents of the mesentery. (DU: Nov-17)
***
5. Write down the gross and histological differences between small and large intestine. (DU: Nov 17)
*** 6. Short Note:

i) The mesentery: it's extension & Contents. (DU: Nov-16, Ju-15)

ii) Rotation of midgut. (DU: May-20)
More Questions:
1. Histological structure of small intestine?
* 2. Mention the different parts of large & Small intestine? (DU: Ju-08)
* 3. Give an account of made of blood supply of small intestine? (DU: Ja-10)
* 4. How the lymphatic follicles are arranged in small intestine? (DU: Ju-10)
Or, Give the importance of lymphatic follicles in small intestine? (DU: Ju-10)
* 5. Explain Anatomicaly /Devolopmentaly: Why/How?
Physiological herniation of midgut occurs in intra uterine life? (DU: Ja-09)

Large Intestine
Exclusive Questions:

*** 1. Give the Morphological & histological differences between the large & small intestine? (DU: Ja-16, Ju-08)
*** 2. Why descending colon in supplied by left colic artery? (DU: Ju-16)
*** 3. Explain anatomically: why?
-17)
ii) Hindgut is supplied by the branches of inferior mesenteric artery.(DU: M-18)
Vermiform Appendix.
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Mention the different positions of Vermiform appendix. (DU: M-16)
** 2. Draw & Label the Vermiform appendix showing its different positions? (DU: Ja-14)
*** 3. Describe the histological structures of Vermiform appendix? (DU: M-19, Nov-15)
Or, Draw & Label the light microscopic structure of vermiform appendix? (DU: Ju-15)
*** 4. Explain developmentally/anatomically why/how?
(i) Vermiform appendix is called abdominal tonsil? (DU: Ju-16)
More Questions:
* 1. Explain developmentally/anatomically: why/how?
i) Pain begins around the umbilicus in acute Appendicitis? (DU: Ju-07)
Rectum & Anal Canal

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Mention the lining epithelium of anal canal? (DU: Nov-15)
*** 2. Mention the development of Anal carnal. (DU: M-15)
*** 3.
***
4.
DescribeExplain
the interior Anatomicaly
of/
anal canal.why
( Devolopmentaly
are
: theWhy
/
external
How
? ( haemorrhoids
DU
: M
- 19
) so painful.DU: Oct-21)
i) External haemorroides are very painfull.
More Questions:

*1. Give the blood supply, Nerve supply & gross anatomy of rectum? (DU: Ja-08)
*2. What do you mean by hemorrhoids. (DU: Ja-08)
*3. How imperforated anus developed? (DU: Ja-06)
52 Anatomy Paper : II

Hepato Biliary System

Liver
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Write down the relations of right lateral surface of the liver? (DU: Ja-21,Ja-15)
*** 2. Draw & label the relation of right lateral surface of liver? (DU: M-16)
*** 3. Write briefly on hepatic lobule? (DU: Ju-16)
*** 4. Draw & label classical hepatic lobule? (DU: )ct-21,Nov-16, Ja-15/14/08)
*** 5. Draw & label hepatic lobule. (DU: Nov-17)
*** 6. What are the function of liver in fetal/intrauterine life? (DU: May-18, Ja-14/08)
*** 7. Clinical importance of right lateral surface of liver. (DU: Jan-22)
*** 7. Mention the development of liver? (DU: Ja-14/08)
Or, Mention the developmental source of liver? (DU: May-18, Ja-15)
*** 8. Explain developmentally/anatomically why/how?
i) liver is a mixed gland. (DU: Ja-16)
ii) Liver is supplied by the bronchus of coeliac trunk. (DU: Ja-14)
More Questions:
*1. Give the microstructure of liver? (DU: Ju-09)
Or, Draw & label the histological structure of liver? (DU: Ja-08)
* 2. Mention the functions of liver? (DU: Ja-05)
3. Mention the blood supply of the liver? (DU: Ja-08)
** 4. Name the clinical conditions related to liver? (DU: Ju-09, Ja-05)
** 5. Explain developmentally/anatomically why/how?
i) Hepatic veins supports the liver. (DU: Ju-08)

Biliary Apparatus
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Name the intra hepatic and extra hepatic of biliary apparatus? (DU: M-19)
*** 2. Name the extra hepatic parts of biliary apparatus? (DU: Ju-16/11)
*** 3. Draw & label the parts/formation of extra hepatic biliary apparatus? (DU: Nov-15, Ju-11)
** 4. Draw & label the light microscopic structure of gall bladder? (DU: Ju-14)
*** 5. Explain developmentally/anatomically: why/how?
/06)
More Questions:
* 1. Give a flow chart showing the pathway of bile from it's site of formation upto it's discharge
into the gut? (DU: Ju-06)
* 2. Mention the parts, blood supply, nerve supply & development of gall bladder? (DU: Ja-07)
*3. Mention the structure of gall bladder? (DU: Ju-05)
** 4 Short note:

i) Bile duct (Common)? (DU: Ja-10/04)

The Pancreas

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Name the parts of pancreas? (DU: Ju-15)
** 2. Draw & label the histological structure of pancreas? (DU: Ja-22,Ju-13, Ja-07)
*** 3. Write in brief about the development of pancreas? (DU: M-19/16, Ja-16/14)
Or, Give the developmental sources of pancreas? (DU: Ju-15)
*** 4. Mention the derivatives of pancreatic buds. (DU: M-15)
** 5. 13)
**
6.
Write theExplain
artery supply ofdevelopmentally
/
head of pancreas
anatomically
-: from
why
/ developmental
how
: 20)
background? (DU: Ja
ii) Pancreas is supplied in branches from coeliac trunk? (DU: Ja-13)
*** 7. Write briefly on developmental anomalies of pancreas? (DU: M-19/16)
 Anatomy Paper: II 53

*** 8. Short note:

i) Pancreatic acini. (DU: Ju-16)
More Questions:
* 1. Write short note:

i) Islets of Langerhans. (DU: Ju-06)

Spleen
Exclusives Questions:
*** 1. Describe the histological structure of spleen? (DU: M-15)
*** 2. Draw & label the light microscopic structures of spleen. (DU: May-20/18,Nov-19, Ja-16)
*** 3. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy, why: splenic artery is tortuous? (DU: Ju-15)
More Questions:
** 1. Describe the splenic circulation? (DU: Ja-10/09)
** 2. What do you mean by open & close circulation? (DU: Ja-10)
** 3. Mention the functions of spleen? (DU: Ja-10)
* 4. Give the structure of red pulp and white pulp of spleen. (DU: Ja-09)
Portal System
Exclusives Questions:

** 1. Write briefly on location & formation of Porto systemic anastomosis? (DU: Ju-10)
*** 2 Short note on: Portosystemic anastomosis. (DU: M-17)
More Questions:
* 1. Explain developmentally/anatomically why/how?
i) Portal obstruction causes haemorrhage per anus. (DU: Ja-22)
ii) Caput medusa occurs in portal hypertension? (DU: Ja-08)

Urinary System
Kidneys
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Name the parts of urinary tract. (DU: Ju-14)
*** 2. State the anterior relation of right kidney. (DU: Nov-16, Ju-14)

Or, Mention the structure related to anterior surface of right kidney (DU: Ja-12/09/05)
Or, State the anterior relation of left kidney(use diagram). (DU: May-18)
*** 3. Draw and label visceral relation on the anterior surface of right kidney. (DU: Ju-16)
*** 4. Draw and label the anterior relation of both kidneys. (DU: Ju-15)

Or, Draw and label posterior relation of the right kidney. (DU: Nov-18)
*** 5. Draw and label the light microscopic structure of kidney (DU: M-16)
*** 6. Write about the mode of artery supply of kidney. (DU: Oct-21,M-15)
Or, Describe renal circulation. (DU: Ja-11)
**** 7. Give the steps of dissection of kidney from back. (DU: Ja-22,Ju-09)
*** 8. What is renal lobe & lobule. (DU: Jan-22)
** 9. Mention the lining epithelium of different parts of nephron. (DU: Ja-11)
*** 10. Mention the development of kidney. (DU: Nov-16, Ju-14/13, Ja-09/05)
*** 11. Enumerate the congenital anomalies of kidney. (DU: Nov-16, Ju-13, ja-09)
** 12. What is pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros? (DU: Ju-11)
*** 13. State the development of collecting part of kidney. (DU: May-20,Ju-11)
*** 14. Write briefly constriction of uretaer- site and clinical importance. (DU: Nov-18)
*** 15 Explain anatomically/developmentally: Why/how?
i) Kidney ascends during its development. (DU: Oct-21,Ju-15/13/07)
ii) Why kidney changes its developmental position. (DU: Nov-17)
iii) Constriction of ureter are clinically important. (DU: M-19)
More Questions:
* 1. Define nephron. What are its different part? (DU: M-15)
54
Anatomy Paper:

* 2.
Draw and label the different parts of nephron. (DU: Ja-11)
* 3.
Give the posterior relation of left kidney. (DU: Ju-09)
* 4. Write about the cortex of suprarenal gland. (DU: Ja-07)
* 5. Short note on: Nephron (DU: Ju-07)
Urinary Bladder
Exclusives Questions:

*** 1. Write about the interior of urinary bladder. (DU: Ja-15)

*** 2. Write down the histological structure of urinary bladder. (DU: M-17, Ja-12, Ju-10)
*** 3. Draw and label the light microscopic structure of urinary bladder. (DU:Jan-22,Nov-19)
*** 4. Write down the nerve supply of urinary bladder. (DU: M-17, Ja-15, Ju-10)
** 5. Write down the development of urinary bladder. (DU: Ja-12/06)
More Questions:
* 1. Write down the artery supply of urinary bladder. (DU: Ja-06)
* 2. Write down the trigone of urinary bladder. (DU: Ja-07)
** 3. Explain histologically - urinary bladder is lined by transitional epithelium. (DU: Ja-10)
* 4. Explain anatomically/developmentally: How/why:
i) How reflux of urine is prevented from urinary bladder to ureter. (DU: Ja-06)
Urethra

Exclusive Questions:

*** 1. Explain from your knowledge of anatomically why/how: Female are more prone to urinary
tract infection. (DU: Ja-15)
*** 2. Explain anatomically/ developmentally why/how
i)extravasations of urine in rupture urethra never extends to thigh. (DU: Ju-14/08)
More Questions:

* 1. Mention the lining epithelium of male urethra. (DU: Ja-06)

** 2. Write the fate of mesonephric (Wolffian) duct in both sexes. (DU: Ju-10)
3. Write short note on :

i) development of male urethra. (DU: Ja-05)

Genital System

Male Genital System

1. Name the parts of male genital tract.
*** 2. What is indifferent gonad? (DU: May-20)
* 3. Define gonad. What are the types of gonad? (DU: Ja-08)
Testes
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Draw and label the histological /light microscopic structure of testis. (DU: Oct-21,Nov
18/15,M-17, Ju-15/14, Ja-07)
*** 2. What are the locations where testes may be arrested during its descent? (DU: May-20)
*** 3. Name the cells present in testes mentioning their functions. (DU: May-20)
** 4. Where does testis develop? (DU: Ja-15)
** 5. Trace the pathway of descent of testes. (DU: Ja-15)
*** 6. Why testis descends into scrotum? (DU: Ja-14)
*** 7. Explain anatomically why:
i) Undescended testis causes infertility. (DU: Ja-22,Ju-06)
ii) How testes descend to scrotum. (DU: Nov-17, Ja-16)
More Questions:
* 1. Write about the blood- testis barrier? (DU: Ja-07)
*2. Give the formation and function of blood testis barrier. (DU: Ju-09)
* 3. Draw and label the structure of a somniferous tubule. (DU: Ja-09)
 Anatomy Paper : Il 55

Scrotum
Exclusive Questions:

*** 1. Mention the layers of scrotum? (DU: Ja-15)

*** 2.
** 3.
Mention the nerve supply of scrotum? (DU: Ja-16)
Short note:
i) Layers and function scrotum. (DU: Ju-13)
Prostate
Exclusive Questions:

** 1. Why there is complain of difficulty in micturition in benign enlargement of prostate? (DU: Oct-21,Ja-13)
*** 2. Draw and label the microscopic structure of prostate. (DU: May-20)
*** 3. Why enlarged prostate leads difficulty in micturition. (DU: M-17)
Female genital system
Exclusive Questions:

** 1. Name the parts of female genital tract. (DU: Ju-11)

Ovary
:
*** 1.

* 2. WriteDraw
dowand
n loclabel
atiothe
n a(
ndlight
function of moivcraosrcoyp.icstruc e ofovary. (DU: M-18, Ju-16/12)
** 2. Give the process of development of ovary. (DU: Jan-22,Ja-11)
*** 3.
Draw and label the light microscopic structure of Grafton foillicle.(DU: M-19, Ju-15)
Or, Draw and label the structure of mature Graffian follicls. (DU: Nov-17/16, M-16)
More Questions:
*

1. State the gross and histological structure of ovary. (DU: Ja-09)

DU: Ja-09)
Uterus
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Give an account of the supports of uterus. (DU: Nov-15)
Or, Name the supports of uterus. (DU: Nov-17, Ja-11, Ju-07/06)
*** 2. Give the histological structure of uterus. (DU: Ju-14/07, Ja-10)
** 3. Give the artery supply of uterus. (DU: Ja-10/07, Ju-14)
*** 4. Formation of recto-uterine pouch. (DU: Jan-22)
*** 5. Give the clinical importance of recto-uterine pouch of Douglas. (DU: Nov-19/16/15, Ju-06)
*** 6. Write down the mode of artery supply of uterus. (DU: Nov-18)
*** 7. What is anti-flexion and anti-version. (DU: Nov-18)
*** 8. Short note: Support of uterus. (DU: Nov-17)
*** 9. Explain anatomically: -
i)In secretory phase the uterine gland are highly coiled. (DU: Jan-22)
More Questions:
** 1. Define ante version and anti-flexion of uterus. (DU: Ja-10)
2. Write down the development of uterus.
Fallopian tube
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1.
Draw and label the light microscopic structure of fallopian tube. (DU: May-16, Ju-11, Ja-14)
*** 2. Enumerate the parts of fallopian tube. (DU: Nov-17, Ja-11/06)
Or, Enumerate the parts of fallopian tube and mention its clinical significance. (DU: Nov
19/17)
*** 3.
16)
** 4. Describe the development of fallopian tube. (DU: May-11/06)
More Questions:

1. Mention the function of fallopian tube.

56 Anatomy Paper : II

Bony Pelvis & Pelvic Diaphragm

Exclusive Questions:

** 1. How the bony pelvis is formed? (DU: Ja-14)

*** 2. Write down the origin,insertion & action of psoas major muscle. (DU: Jan-22)
*** 3. Mention the differences between male and female pelvis in a tabulated form. (DU: Ju-16, Ja-14)
*** 4. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy why/how:
i) female pelvis is called a short section of a long cone. (DU: May-20)
*** 5. Short note: i) Pelvic diaphragm. (DU: Ja-15)
More Questions:
** 1. Write briefly on differences between male and female pelvis. (DU: Ja-10)
Superior Extremity
Dissection

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Give a short account for the steps of dissection of cubital fossa and name its boundary &
contents. (DU: M-17, Ju-08, Ja-09, Ja-10)
** 2. Give a short account for the steps of dissection of axilla and name its contents. (DU. Ju-09)
Breast

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Write down the lymphatic drainage of breast. (DU: May-20/16,Nov-19/17, Ju-15/14/10, Ja-09)
*** 2. What is peau 'd'orange? (DU-Ju-14,Ju-10,Ju-08)
*** 3. Give the clinical importance of its lymphatic drainage. (DU: May-20,Ju-10)
Or, Why lymphatic drainage of the breast is clinically important. (DU: Nov-19/17)
** 4. Short note:
i) Lymphatic drainage of breast. (DU: Ju-13/11)
More Questions:
* 1. Give the gross anatomy and blood supply of female breast. (DU: Ja-09)
* 2. What are the age related changes in mammary gland? (DU-Ja-09)

Axilla and Cubital Fossa

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Write briefly on axillary group of lymph node(DU: M-18) and their area of drainage. (DU: Jan-22,Ja-15)
** 2. Mention the steps of dissection of cubital fossa with its content. (DU: Ja-14)
*** 3. Write down the boundaries of axilla. (DU: Jan-22)
*** 3. Give a short account for the steps of dissection of cubital fossa and name its content and
boundaries. (DU: Ja-12/11/10/09)
*** 4. Clinical importance of median cubital vein. (DU: Nov-16)
*** 5. Short note: Axillary lymphnode. (DU: M-16)
More Questions:
* 1. Explain anatomically/developmentally: How/why:
i) Median cubital vein is preferred for intra venous route.
Arteries & Veins

Exclusive Questions:
** 1. Name the clinically important arteries of upper limb. (DU: Ja-10)
*** 2. Describe the venous drainage of upper limb (use diagram). (DU: Nov-19/17/16)
*** 3. Give the clinical importance of median cubital vein. (DU: Nov-19/117/16, Ja-14/08)
*** 4. Write briefly on superfacial plamar arch. (DU:M-19)
 Anatomy Paper : II 57

*** 5. Explain developmentally / anatomically: Why/ How?

i) Brachial artery is clinically important. (DU: Ju-Oct-21,11/06)
ii) Radial artery in clinically important. (DU:M-18, Ja-15)
Or, Write down the clinically importance of radial artery. (DU: M-17)
iii) Median cubital vein in preferred for intravenous route. (DU: Nov-18, Ju-10, Ja-08)
More Questions:

.
** 2. Explain anatomically/developmentally: How/why:
i) Radial artery is preferred for examination of pulse. (DU: Ju-07)
ii) Antecubital vein is preferred for site of blood collection.
Nerves & Plexuses
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Define dermatome. (DU: May-17/16, Ja-15/14) and axial lines. (DU: Ju-13/07)
Or, Define axial line and Importance of Axial Line. (DU: May-20,Nov-18)
*** 2 Draw and label dermatome of upper limb. (DU: May-16, Ja-15/14)
*** 3. Draw and label the dermatome of upper limb showing axial lines. (DU: May-20,Ju-13/07)
*** 4. Draw and label brachial plexuses. (DU: M-19/18/17, Nov-15, Ju-14, Ja-12/08)
*** 5. What is claue hand. (DU: Oct-21)
*** 6. What is Erb's palsy? (DU: M-17, Ja-12)
Or, describe Erb's paralysis. (DU: Ja-08/06)
*** 7. Give the origin course and distribution of radial nerve. (DU: Jan-22,Nov-17, Ju-13)
*** 8. What is carpal tunnel syndrome? (DU: Ju-13) Mention the effect of radial nerve injury at the
radial groove of humerus? (DU: Nov-15)
*** 9. Root value, course and supply of median nerve. (DU: Oct-21,Ja-10)
*** 10. Explain anatomically/developmentally: How/why:
i) Radial nerve paralysis leads to wrist drop. (DU: Nov-17, Ja-14, Ju-08)
ii) Median nerve compression leads to carpal tunnel syndrome. (DU: Ju-15)
iii) Ulnar nerve injury causes claw hand. (DU: Ju-11)
iv) Axillary nerve injury causes loss of abduction of shoulder joint. (DU: ja-11)
*** 11. Short note:
i) Erb's paralysis. (DU:M-18, Ja-12/08)
ii) Carpal tunnel syndrome. (DU: Ju-15)
More Questions:
* 1. Mention effects of injury to the ulnar nerve behind the medial epicondyle of homeruns. (DU: Ju-08)
*2. Explain anatomically/developmentally: How/why:
i) Flow median nerve palsy Causes claw hand. (DU: Ja-06)
* 3. Short note:i) Median nerve. (DU: Ju-06)

Shoulder Joint & Pectoral Region

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. How shoulder joint is formed. (DU: Ja-15, Ju-13)
*** 2. How the stability of the shoulder joint is maintained. (DU: Ja-15, Ju-13)
*** 3. Mention the formation, movement and muscle producing movent of shoulder joint.(DU: M-18)
*** 4. Name the factors responsible for maintaining the stability of the shoulder joint. (DU: Ja-16, Ja-11)
** 5. How rotator cuff is formed? (DU: Ja-11)
** 6. Give the nerve supply of structures forming the rotator cuff. (DU: Ja-11)
*** 7. What are the movements take place in Shoulder joint? (DU: Ja-16/09)
*** 8.
Which part of deltoid muscle is preferred for intramuscular injection & why. (DU: Nov-19, Ju-15)
*** 9. Give the origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of the following muscles.
(i) Biceps brachii. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-18, Ja-16/10, Nov-15, Ju-14)
58
Anatomy Paper : II

(ii) Triceps. (DU: Nov-16, M-16, Ja-15, Ju-11/07)

(iii) Pectoralis Major (DU: Oct-21,Nov-18/15, Ja-15)
(iv) Deltoid muscle. (DU: May-17,Nov-16, Ju-15/06, Ja-14)
(v) Clavipectoral fascia. (DU: Ju-14)
(vi) Lumbricals. (DU: May-17)
(vii) Brachialis (DU: May-19)
*** 10. Explain anatomically/developmentally: How/why:
(i) Shoulder joint is an unstable/less stable joint. (DU: M-18, Nov-17,Nov-15, Ju-13)
(ii) Injury to the nerve of Bell produce winging of the scapula. (DU: May-20)
(iii) Why dislocation of shoulder joint is common (DU: Ju-14)
(iv) How stability of shoulder joint in maintained. (DU: Ja-12)
(v) Lower part of deltoid muscle in preferred for intramuscular injection. (DU: Ja-12)
(vi) Axillary nerve injury causes loss of abduction of shoulder joint.(DU: Ja-12/11)
(vii) Surgical neck of humerus is clinically important. (DU: M-19/17)
(viii) Junction between medial 2/3rd and lateral 1/3rd of clavicular shaft is the common site of
fracture.(DU: M-18)
(ix) Coracoid process of scapula is an atavistic epiphysis. (DU: Nov-18)
(x) Clavical is modified long bone. (DU: Nov-19)
**
11. Short note: Clavipectoral fascia. (DU: Ju-14)
More Questions:
** 1. Name the muscles producing different types of movement of shoulder joints. (DU: Ja-09)
*** 2. Write briefly on (Origin, insertion, nerve supply and action)
(i) Biceps brachii. (DU: Ju-06) (ii) Glenoidal labrum.
** 3. Give origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of following muscles:
(i) Supra spinatus. (DU: Ja-10) (ii) Latissimus dorsi.
Forearm & Elbow Joint
Exclusive Questions:
** 1. What is pronation & supination? (DU: Ju-11)
* 2. What do you mean by pronation and supination of the fore arm. (DU: Ju-08)
*** 3. Write down the formation of radius ulnar joint. (DU: M-16)
Or, what are the joints formed by radius and ulna. (DU: Ju-15)
** 4. Give the formation of elbow joint. (DU: Ju-10, Ja-07)
*** 5. Write briefly on formation,types and muscles producing movements of elbow joint. (DU: Nov-19)
*** 6. Mention the movements and muscles producing the movements of radio-ulnar joint. (DU: M-16, Ju-15)
** 7. Name the muscles producing different movements of elbow joint. (DU: Ju-10, Ja-07)
*** 8. State the functions of interosseous membrane. (DU: M-16, Ju-15)
*** 9. Write briefly elbow joint - Bony components, type and movement produce by it. (DU: Nov-18)
** 10. Give the origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of following muscles:
(i) Flexor retinaculum. (DU: Oct-21) ii) Flexor digitorum profundus. (DU: Ju-11)
Mores Questions:
* 1. Mention the type of elbow joint with its axis. (DU: ja-07)
* 2. What are the joints formed by radius and ulna? Give their types. (DU: Ju-06)
3. How stability of elbow joint in maintained?
* 4. Short note :
(i) Superior and inferior radio-ulnar joint. (DU; Ju-08)

Hand and Wrist Joint

Exclusive Questions:
** 1. Name the muscles producing flexion of wrist joint. (DU: Ja-11)
** 2. Discuss about boundary & content of anatomical snuff box. (DU: Nov-10)
*** 3. How carpal tunnel syndrome occurs. (DU:M-19)
 Anatomy Paper : II 59

*** 4. What is wrist drop. (DU: Jan-22)

*** 5. Give the origin, insertion, nerve supply & action of following muscles:
(i) Lumbricals. (DU: Ju-15/14, Ja-12)
*** 6. Explain anatomically how: Polydactyly develops.(DU: May-20)
*** 7. Short note :

(i) Flexor retinaculum of hand. (DU: Ju-14/12)

(i) Anatomical snuff box -boundaries and contents. (DU: May-20,Nov-16, Ju-08)
More Questions:

* 1. Name the muscles of palm. Mention their nerve supply. (DU: Ju-08)
THORAX
Skeleton of the Thorax
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. How thoracic cage is formed. (DU: Ja-15)
Or, How the bony chest wall is formed. (DU: Ja-11)
*** 2. How is thoracic inlet formed and name the structure passing through it. (DU: Nov-18)
*** 3. How transverse diameter of thoracic cage is increased? (DU: Ju-16)
*** 4.
Give the boundaries of thoracic inlet? Write which structures transfer through it. (DU: M-16)
*** 5. Explain anatomically/ developmentally. How/Why:
i. Manubrium Sterni is clinically important. (DU: Ja-11)
ii. Manubrium is used for bone marrow aspiration. (DU: Jan-22,Ju-13/08)
iii. How different diameter of thoracic cage is increased during inspiration. (DU: Oct-21)
iii. Clinical importance of sternal angle? (DU: Nov-17, Ja-14)
iv. Rib ossifies through intracartilaginous ossification. (DU: M-17)
*** 6. Short note:
i. Role of ribs in respiration. (DU: May-20)
ii. Thoracic inlet, Boundary & intercostal space. (DU: May-16, Ju-07)
iii. Manubrium sterni its relation and clinical importance. (DU: Nov-15)]
Or, Manubrium sterni and its Clinical importance? (DU: Ju-13)
More Questions:
** 1. Name the muscles of respiration? (DU: Ja-11)
Or, Name the muscles of inspiration? (DU: Ja-10)
*** 2. Explain anatomically/developmentally:
i. Sternal angle is an important landmarks? (DU: Ja-16)
Thoracic Wall

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1.
*** 2. Give theDraw
&
boundary
label
a & contents
typical
of a typical
intercostal
intercostal
nerve
. (/ DU
: space?
May
- 20
(DU:
, Nov
Nov-19/15,
- 19
/ 16
, Ja-
Ja-15/10,
13) Ju-13 06)

Or, Mention the distribution of tipical intercoastal nerve. (DU: Nov-18)

Or, How an intercostal nerve is formed? (DU: Nov-15)
*** 3. Write down the vanous drainage of posterior thoracic wall. (DU: Oct-21,M-18)
** 4. Write down the on gin, insertion, Nerve supply & actions of:
i. External intercostal muscle? (DU: Ja-12)
ii. Pectoralis major, (DU: Ja-15)
*** 5. Describe the lyphatic drainage of thoracic wall. (DU: M-16, Ju-10)
*** 6. How spinal nerve is formed? (DU: Nov-16)
*** 7. Explain anatomically/developmentally: Why/How.
i. 3rd & 6th thoracic spinal nerves are called typical intercostal nerves? (DU: Ju-15)
ii. 9th intercostal space at mid axillary line is preferred for pleural aspiration. (DU: Ju-15/11)
60
Anatomy Paper : II

More Questions:
* 1. What is intercostal nerve? Describe intercostal nerve? (DU: Ju-08, Ja-07)
* 2. Short note: Typical intercostal nerve. (DU: Ju-07)

Mediastinum

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Define Mediastinum? (DU: Nov-16, May-16, Ju-07)
*** 2. Give the boundaries & contents of superior mediastinum? (DU: Oct-21,Nov-16, Ju-15/14/07)
*** 3. Give the boundaries & contents of posterior mediastinum.(DU: M-19/18)
** 3. Short note:

i. Superior mediastinum? (DU: Ju-14)

Pleura

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Mention the parts and nerve supply of parietal pleura. (DU: M-17)
Or, Give the nerve supply of parietal pleura. (DU: Ju-14)
*** 2. Mention pleural recesses? Give their clinical importance. (DU: M-17, Ja-09/08)
*** 3. Which intercostal space is preferred to drain pleural fluid and why? (DU: M-17)
*** 4. During aspiration of pleural fluid the needle is prefereably placed along the upper boarder of
lower rib of an intercoastal space. (DU: M-18)
*** 5. Explain anatomically/developmentally: Why/How. (DU: M-18)
i) Eritation of medisternal pleura causes referred pain in lower neck and shoulder tip.
** 6. Short note:
i. parietal pleura. (DU: Ja-14)
ii. Attachment & functions of supra pleural membrane. (DU: Ju-13)
More Questions:
** 1. Mention the clinical importance of Costodiaphragmatic recess. (DU: Ju-10)
* 2. Name the parts of pleura mentioning their blood supply? (DU: Ja-06)
* 3. Short note:

(i) Pleural recesses. (DU: Ju-07)

Lungs

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Name the parts of respiratory tract from nose to alveoli of lungs? (DU: M-19, Ja-14)
** 2. Draw & label the parts of right bronchial tree. (DU: Ju-11)
*** 3. Outline the different stages of maturation of lung. Mention the types and functions of cells of
alveoli. (DU: May-20)
*** 4 Mention the structural & functional differences between conducting & respiratary parts of
respiratory tract? (DU: M-19.Ja-14)
*** 5. Define broncho pulmonary segment? (DU: M-18, Ju-14/07, Ja-10)
*** 6. What is broncho vascular unit. (DU: M-19)
***
Draw & label:
1) The bronchopulmonary(segment of left lung. (DU: Ju-14, Ja-10)
ii) The bronchopulmonary segment of right lung. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-19/17, Ju-13, Ja-12)
iii) The segment of both surfaces of right lung? (DU: Ja-11)
iv) The bronchopulmonary segment of both lung,(DU: M-18)
Normal lungs appear radioluscent in chest X-ray. (DU: Jan-22)
** 8. Give the characteristic features of broncho pulmonary segments of lung? (DU: Ju-13)
*** 9. Mention the clinical importance of broncho pulmonary segment? (DU: Oct-21,Nov-19/17, Ja-11/08)
*** 10. Write abu RDS (Respiratory distress syndrome. (DU: Ja-16)
** 11. Give the structure & functions of respiratory membrane? (DU: Ju-11)
*** 12. Mention the artery supply of lung? (DU: Nov- 16, Ju-10)
** 13. Mention the development of lung? (DU: -12)
*** 14. Draw & level the histological structure of trachea. (DU: Oct-21)
*** 15. Give the histological structure of trachea. (DU: Jan-22)
 Anatomy Paper : II 61

*** 16. Write briefly on dividion & lining epithelium of right bronchial tree. (DU: M-21)
*** Explain anatomically Why:
i. Why alveolus of lung is lined by simple squamous epithelium. (DU: Nov -15)
ii. Right lung is more Prone to infection? (DU: Nov-15)
iii. Maturation of lung completes after birth? (DU: M-17, Ju-13)
iv. Absence of pneumocyte II is associated with respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), (DU:
Nov-19, M-16, Ju-14)
v. Pleural fluid is aspirated from 9th intercostal space in mid axillary line. (DU: Ja-15)
Lung continue to mature is postnatal life. (DU: Nov-18)
*** 18. Short Note:

Effect of stimulation of vagus nerve? (DU: Ja-15)

More Questions:
** 1. Draw & label the different parts of respiratory part of bronchial tree? (DU: Ju-13)
** 2. Draw & Label the bronchopulmonary segment of both lung? (DU: Ja-06, Ju-08/07)
* 3. Mention the importance of different lobe of the lung? (DU: Ju-08)
** 4. Give the parts & artery supply of respiratory unit of lung? (DU: Ju-08)
** 5. Give artery supply & nerve supply of lung? (DU: Ju-10)
** 6. Explain anatomically/developmentally: How/why:
Foreign bodies usually passes into the right bronchus? (DU: Ju-10)
Pericardium

Exclusive Questions:

*** 1. Mention the clinicalimportance of transverse sinus? (DU: Oct-21,Ju-14/13)

*** 2. Describe the pericardial sinuses with clinical importance? (DU: M-19, Nov-15, Ju-08)
** 3. Write briefly on pericardium layers,nerve supply & importance. (DU: Jan-22,Ja-10)
*** 4 Explain anatomically/developmentally: How/why:
Fibrous pericardium & central tendon have same nerve supply?(DU: Nov-16)
Or, Fibrous pericardium of heart is attached to central tendon of the diaphragm. (DU: Ju-14)
More Questions:

** 1. Give the development of pericardium. (DU: Ja-10)

Anatomy of The Heart

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Write down the formation of base of the heart. (DU: M-17, Ju-14, Nov-15)
*** 2. Write down the posterior relation of base of the heart. (DU: M-17, Ju-14, Nov-15)
*** 3. Describe the interior of left ventricle of heart. (DU: May-20)
** 4. Describe the interior of the right atrium. (DU: Nov-19, Ja-12, Ju-07)
*** 5. Describe the interior of right ventricle. (DU: M-16, Ju-15, Ja-14)
*** 6. Explain anatomically/developmentally: How/why:
i) Wall of the left ventricle is three times thicker than right ventricle. (DU: Nov-16)

Conductive System of Heart

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Why SA node is called pacemaker of heart? (DU: Ja-15, Ju-06)
More Questions:
1. What are the parts of conduction system of the heart? (DU: Ju-07)
** 2. Give the locations, functions and artery supply of conducting system of heart. (DU: Jan-22,Ju-10, 08)

Vessels & Nerve Supply of Heart

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Describe the arterial supply of heart. (DU: Nov-17)
*** 2. Mention the course & branches of right coronary artery. (DU:Nov-18, M-16)
 62
Anatomy Paper : II

** 3. Write about the origin, course & branches of left coronary artery. (DU: Ju-11, Ja-11)
** 4. Describe the supply of left coronary artery. (DU: Ja-11)
*** 5. Draw the arterial supply of heart showing the branches of major arteries. (DU: Ja-14)
*** 6.
What do you mean by dominance in coronary circulation? (DU: Ju-14, 13)
** 7. State the peculiarities of coronary circulation. (DU: Ja-11/08, Ju-06)
*** 8. What is end artery? (DU: Ja-15)
** 9. Mention the clinical importance of coronary circulation. (DU: Ju-13)
*** 10. Mention the clinical importance of dominance in coronary circulation. (DU: Ju-14)
** 11. Give the location and tributaries of coronary sinus. (DU: Ja-12)
** 12. Write briefly on coronary sinus. (DU:Nov-19)
*** 13. Write about functional end artery. (DU: Nov-17)
*** 14. What do you mean by right predominant person. (DU: Nov-18)
*** 15. Explain anatomically/developmentally: How/why:
i) Coronary arteries are called functional end arteries? (DU: M-18, Ja-15, Ju-11)
ii) Left pre dominance of heart is worse than right pre dominance. (DU: M-19)
*** 16. Short Note: Effect of stimulation of vagus nerve on heart. (DU: Ja-15)
More Questions:
* 1. Give the blood supply of heart. (DU: Ja-09)
* 2. State the supply of right coronary artery. (DU: Ja-07)
* 3. Write briefly on:
i) Right coronary artery (DU: Ju-07)

Development of Heart
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Draw and label different parts of a primitive heart tube. (DU: Nov-Jan-22, 19, Ja-15/10, Ja-09)
*** 2. Explain anatomically:
i) Write down the developmental process of inter atrial septum( use diagram)(DU: Oct-21,M-19/18)
Or, Write down the development of inter atrial septum. (DU: M-17, Ju-13/11, Ju-14)
*** 3. How is primitive heart tube formed? (DU: May-20)
*** 4. Write down the source & development of inter ventricular septum. (DU: Jan-22/07, Ju-15)
** 5. Name the anomalies that may occur during the development of inter atrial septum. (DU: Ju-11, 06)
** 6. Right & left atrium communicates with each other throughout intrauterine life. (DU: Ja-14)
*** 7. Name the ramnant of left horn of sinus venosus. (DU: M-18)
*** 8. What is probe patency test? (DU: M-19)
More Questions:
** 1. Give the development or right atrium of heart. (DU: Ja-10, Ju-10)
* 2. Give the fates of the different parts of primitive heart tube. (DU: Ja-08)
* 3. Why congenital heart disease is accompanied by presence of neural crest defect? (DU: Ja-06)
* 4. Explain anatomically/developmentally:
i. Foramen ovale starts to close after birth. Why? (DU: Jan-22,Ju-08)
ii. Wall of left ventricle is thicker than right ventricle. (DU: Ju-08)

Nerves & Great Vessels of Trunk

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. What is thoracic duct? Briefly describe its course what are its tributaries?(DU: Nov- 16)
*** 2. 20,Nov-18,
Write brieflyJu-15,
on: Thoracic duct- beginning, termination and area of drainage. (DU: May
Ja-12, Ju- 06)
More Questions:
* I. Mention the formation and tributaries of azygos vein. (DU: Ja-07)
* 2. Shortly describe azygos vain with clinical importance. (DU: Ja-08)
** 3. Mention the distribution of phrenic nerve in the thoracic cavity. (DU: Ja-10)
 Anatomy Paper : II 63

Inferior Extremity
Dissection
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Give the steps of dissection of popliteal fossa with contents. (DU: Ja-15, Ju-13)
* 2. Give the steps of dissection of femoral triangle. (DU: Ju-07)

Gluteal Region
Exclusive Questions:
** 1. Give the formation of hip joint. (DU: Ja-11)
*** 2. Write briefly on formation,movements and muscles producing movements of hip joint. (DU:
M-19)
** 3. Name the muscles producing different movements of hip joint. (DU: Ja-11/08)
*** 4. Write in tabulated form the origin insertion nerve supply and actions of the:
i. Gluteus maximus muscle. (DU: May-20,Nov-19, Ju-13)
ii. Psoas Major. (DU: Jan-22/16,M-18)
iii. Sartorius. (DU: May-20)
*** 5. Explain developmentally / anatomically. Why/how.
i. Upper and outer quadrant of gluteus maximus is a preferable site for intramuscular
injection. (DU: Ju-15/10)
ii. Lesser trocahanter is an example of traction epiphysis. (DU: May-18)
*** 6. Short note: Formation, type and movements of hip joint. (DU: Nov-17)
More Questions:
* 1. How stability of the hip joint is maintained? (DU: Ja-08)
* 2. Give the attachment of chief extensor of the hip joint. (DU: Ja-08)

Femoral Triangle & Thigh

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Mention the steps of dissection and contents of femoral triangle. (DU: M-18)
***
2. Mention the boundary of femoral triangle. (DU: May-20/16, Nov-17, Ju-07, Ja-07)
*** 3. Give the contents of femoral triangle. (DU: May-20/16, Nov-17, Ja-07, Ju-07)
*** 4. Mention the modification of deep fascia in the lower limb. (DU: M-16)
*** 5. Mention the formation and content of femoral sheath. (DU: May-20,Nov-17)
*** 6. Explain anatomically/developmentally; Why/How?
i. Femoral hernia is common in female. (DU: Nov-19, M-17, Ju-14/13/08)
*** 7. Short Note:
i. Femoral sheath. (DU: M-16, Nov-15, Ju-06)
ii. Iliotibial tract. (DU: Ja-12)
More Questions:
1. Give clinical importance of femoral canal.
* 2. Name the muscles of different functional compartment of thigh with their nerve supply. (DU:
Ju-07)
3. Short note:
i. Arteria profunda femoris.
ii. Adductor carnal

iii. Inguinal hernia

iii. Hamstring muscle.

Knee Joint & Popliteal Fossa

Exclusive Questions:
** 1. Describe the interior of knee joint. (DU: Ja-14)
*** 2. How knee joint is formed? (DU: Nov-15)
*** 3. Name the intra articular structures of knee joint. (DU: Ja-15)
** 4. : Ja-14)
64 Anatomy Paper : II

*** 5. Name the muscles with their nerve supply involved in different movements of the knee joint.
(DU: Nov-15)
*** 6. Mention the functions of menisci. (DU: Nov-15)
** 7. Why injury to medial menisci is common? (DU: Ja-14)
*** 8. Mention the boundaries of popliteal fossa. (DU: Nov-19,Ja-15)
*** 9. Mention the steps of disection popliteal fossa. (DU: Nov-19)
*** 10. Mention the contents of popliteal fossa. (DU: Nov-19, Ja-15, Ju-13)
*** 11. Explain anatomically/developmentally: Why/how?
i. Medial meniscus is injured frequently than the lateral meniscus. (DU: M-19, Nov-16, Ju
08/09)
ii. Adductor tubercle is an important landmark. (DU: Ja-15)
iv. Adductor tubercle is medicolegally important. (DU: Nov-18)
** 12. Short note:
i. Menisci. (DU: Ja-11) ii. Adductor tubercle. (DU: May-20)
More Questions:
* I. Explain anatomically/developmentally: Why/How
i. Role of menisci in knee joint. (DU: Ja-06)
* 2. Short note:
i. Function of menisci. (DU: Ju-06)
ii. Popliteus: origin, nerve supply, actions.

Muscles of Leg
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Enumerate the functional compartment of leg. (DU: M-17)
*** 2. Name the muscle of the compartments with their nerve supply. (DU: M-17)
** 3. Name the muscles of posterior compartment of leg. (DU: Ja-12)
*** 4. Give the origin, insertion, nerve supply & actions of tibialis anterior(DU: Nov-19) and soleus.
(DU: Jan-22,M-18, Ju-13/10)
** 5. Give the formation, attachment and effect of injury to tendoachilles. (DU: Ja-15/12)
*** 6. Mention the modifications of deep fascia in the lower-Limb. (DU: M-16)
*** 7. Explain anatomically/developmentally: Why/How?
Soleus Muscles is called peripheral heart. (DU: Ja-15/07, Ju-06)
11. Running is impossible in cut injury of tendoachilis. (DU: May-20)
iii. Tendoachillis. (DU: Nov-18)
More Questions:
* 1. What is peripheral heat? (DU: Ju-07)
** 2. Explain how soleus muscle helps in venous return. (DU: Ja-10/09)
* 3. Explain anatomically/developmentally: Why/How?
i. Running is impossible in cut injury to tendon Achilles. (DU: Ja-07)

Foot
Exclusive Questions:
** 1. Define and classify arch of the foot. (DU: Ja-12, Ju-08)
*** 2. How arch of foot is maintained? (DU: Ja-12, Ju-10/08)
*** 3. Importance/advantages of the arch of foot? (DU: oct-21,Nov-18, Ja-12, Ju-10)
*** 4. Write down the origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of muscles producing invertion and
evertion of foot. (DU: Nov-17)
*** 5. Explain anatomically/developmentally: Why/How?
i. Tendon of peroneus longus plays an important role in the maintenance of transverse arch of
foot. (DU: Ju-11)
ii. Deep peroneal nerve injury leads to foot drop. (DU: Nou-15)
iii. Common peroneal nerve injury leads to foot drop. (DU: Ju-13)
*** 6. Short note:
i. Medial longitudinal arch of foot formation(DU: Nov-18) and function. (DU: M-16, Ju-14/13/07)
ii.
Formation and maintenance of medial longitudinal arch. (DU: Nov-19, M-18)
iii. Origin, insertion and nerve supply of invertors of foot. (DU: Ja-15)
iii. Arch of foot. (DU: Ju-13)
 Anatomy Paper : II 65

More Questions:

* 1. What is inversion? Give the origin; insertion and nerve supply of muscle producing these
actions. (DU: Ja-07/08)
** 2. Give the formation of longitudinal arches of foot. (DU: Ju-10)
Veins of Lower Limb
Exclusive Questions:

*** 1. Write down the venous drainage of lower limb? (DU: Jan-22,May-16, Ju-15/08, Ja-11/10)
*** 2. Draw the venous drainage of lower limb? (DU: Ju-14)
** 3. How the venous return from lower limb is maintained? (DU: Ja-22/11)
*** 4. How venous drainage of lower limb differs from upper limb? (DU: Ju-14)
*** 5.
How the superfacial veins of lower limb are formed? Mention their site of communication with
deep vein. (DU:M-19)
** 6. What is varicose vein? (DU: Ju-11)
*** 7. Explain anatomically/developmentally: Why/How?
i. leg veins possess valves? (DU: Ja-14/09, Ju-10)
ii. Soleus muscle is called peripheral heart? (DU: Ja-15.07)
iv.
Varicose veins develop in prolonged standing? (DU: Nov-16, Ja-12/08)
V.
Veins of legs are provided with valves. (DU: Nov-18)
** 8. Short note:

veinDU: Ju-11)
More Questions:
* 1. What is peripheral heart? (DU: Ju-07)
* 2. How varicose vein is formed? (DU: Ju-08)
*3. Give the clinical importance of great saphenous vein? (DU: Ja-07)
* 4. Explain anatomically/developmentally: Why/How:
i. How do valves of leg veins help in venous return? (DU: Ju-06)
Lymphatic Drainage of Lower Limb
Exclusive Questions:
* 1. Give the lymphatic drainage of lower limb. (DU: Oct-21,Ju-09)

*****
2.3
.
Write about the arrangement & area node
Short Note:
of drainage of superficial inguinal lymph ? (DU: Ju-11)

i. lymphatic drainage of loner limb. (DU: Ja-14)

More Questions:
* 1. Short Note:

i. Inguinal lymph node? (DU: Ja-09)

ii. Superficial inguinal lymph a node. (DU: Ja-08)
Nerves & Dermatome
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Give root value, course and distribution of sciatic nerves. (DU: Nov-16, Ja-09)
*** 2. What is dermatome (DU: Ja-14, Ju-13)
*** 3. Mention the clinical importance of dermatome. (DU:M-19)
*** 4. Mention the effects of lesion of deep peroneal nerve. (DU: Oct-21)
** 4. Define axial line. (DU: Ju-13)
*** 5.
** 6. Draw andExplain
label dermatome
anatomically
/ of lower limb.developmentally
:(DU:Why
/
/
M-17)How
:
showing axial lines. (DU: M-19, Ju-11 06)
i. Common peroneal nerve injury leads to foot drop. (DU: Ju-13)
More Questions:
* 1. What in foot drop? (DU: Ju-08)
** 2. Short Note:
i. femoral nerve. (DU: Ja-09/08)
66
Anatomy Paper : II

UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA (SAQ) PAPER- II

First Professional MBBS Examination
Subject: Anatomy (New Curriculum)
Short Answer Question (SAQ)
Full Marks-70 Time-2 hours 40 minutes
Answer any five questions from each group Use seperate answer script for each group
All questions carry equal marks
First Professional MBBS Examination May & November,2021(held in January 2022)
Subject: Anatomy, Paper-II
GROUP-A

1. Describe the process of development of ovary. Explain why undescended testes causes infertility
2. Write down the steps of dissection of kidney from back. What is renal lobe and renal lobule"?
3. Draw and label the microscopic structure of
i) urinary bladder ii) pancreas
4. Give the venous drainage of lower limb. Name the factors responsible for venous return from lower limb.
5. Write in tabulated form the origin, insertion and action of
i) psoas major ii) tibialis anterior
6. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy, why/how
i) portal obstruction may cause haemorrhage per anus.
ii) mucous membrane of GIT provides extensive surface area for absorption.
iii) in secretory phase, the uterine glands are highly coiled.
7. Write briefly on
i) relations of right lateral surface of the liver with clinical importance.
ii) rectouterine pouch of Douglas - formation and clinical importance.
GROUP - B

8. Give an account of histological structure of trachea. Mention the characteristic features and clinical importance
of bronchopulmonary segments.
9. State the sources of development of interventricular septum of heart. Mention the locations and artery supply of
conducting system of heart.
10. Give the origin, nerve supply and actions of the diaphragm.
11. Write down the boundaries of axilla. Name the axillary groups of lymph nodes mentioning their area of drainage.
12. Give the origin, course and distribution of radial nerve. What is wrist drop?
13. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy, why/how
i) foramen ovale closes at birth.
ii) manubrium sternum is the preferred site for bone marrow aspiration.
iii) normal lung appears radiolucent in chest x ray P/A view.
14. Write briefly on
i) pericardium-layers, nerve supply and importance.
ii) divisions and lining epithelium of right bronchial tree.
First Professional MBBS Examination May,2021(held in October 2021)
Subject: Anatomy, Paper-II
GROUP-A

1. Describe the interior of anal canal. Why are the external haemorrhoids so painful?
2. Describe the mode of artery supply of kidney. Why kidney ascends during its development?
3. Draw and label the microscopic structure of:
i) hepatic lobule ii) testes
4. Give an account of lymphatic drainage of lower limb.
Mention the effects of the lesion of deep peroneal nerve.
5. Give the formation of longitudinal arches of the foot.
Mention the functional importance of arches of foot.
6. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy, why
i) enlarged prostate causes difficulty in micturation.
ii) femoral hernia is common in female.
iii) the 2nd part of duodenum is important.
7. Write briefly on:
i) artery supply of a developing long bone. ii) inguinal ligament.
 Anatomy Paper : II 67

GROUP B

.
8.9.
10.
Describe
Give
Draw
antheand
process
label
account
the
ofof development
venous drainage
ofbronchopulmonary
of
interatrialposterior
segments
septum
of
sinus
lung
right
thoracic
of heart.
wall
lung
.
. Mention
Draw
and thelabel
importance
the ofhistological
transversestructureof .

Mention the clinical importance of the bronchopulmonary segments.

11. Give origin, insertion and nerve supply of the following muscles in a tabulated form
i) biceps brachii. ii) pectoralis major.
12. Write down the formation, course and distribution of median nerve. What is claw hand?
13. Explain anatomically:
i) how different diameters of thoracic cage is increased during inspiration.
ii) why brachial artery is clinically important.
iii) why axillary nerve injury causes loss of abduction of shoulder joint.
14. Write briefly on
i) superior mediastinum-boundaries and contents. ii) flexor retinaculum.

First Professional MBBS Examination May & November,2020(held in Feb'2021)

Subject: Anatomy, Paper-II
GROUP-A

1. Give an outline of lymphatic drainage of stomach Discuss the process of development of collecting part of
kidney.
What is indifferent gonad? What are the locations where testes may be arrested during its descent? Name the
cells present in testes mentioning their functions.
Draw and label the microscopic structure of:
i) spleen ii) prostate
. Discuss the boundaries and contents of femoral triangle. Mention formation and contents of femoral sheath.
. Give origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of following muscles.
i) gluteus maximus ii) sartorius
6. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy why/how
i) female pelvis is called a short section of a long cone.
ii) annular pancreas develops.
iii)running is impossible in cut injury of tendoachilis.
Write briefly on:
i) adductor tubercle ii) rotation of midgut

GROUP B

8. Outline the different stages of maturation of lung. Mention the types and functions of cells of alveoli.
Draw and label a typical intercostal nerve. Mention the formation,termination and areas of drainage of thoracic
duct.

10. How is primitive heart tube formed? Describe the interior of left ventricle of heart.
11. What are axial lines and what is its importance ? Draw and label the dermatome of upper limb.
12. Describe the lymphatic drainage of mammary gland. Give the clinical importance of its lymphatic drainage.
13. Explain anatomically how
i) foramen ovale is closed after birth.

ii) polydactyly develops.

iii) injury to the nerve of Bell produce winging of the scapula
Write briefly on :
i) anatomical snuff box - boundaries and contents.
ii) role of ribs in respiration.
First Professional MBBS Examination November, 2019
Subject: Anatomy, Paper-II
GROUP - A

1. Write about the formation and contents of rectus sheath (use diagram). What is linea alba?
Describe the arterial supply of stomach (use diagram). Draw and label the stomach bed.
Draw and label the light microscopic structure of:
i) spleen
ii) urinary bladder
4. Mention the steps of dissection, boundaries and contents of popliteal fossa.
Write in a tabulated form the origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of the following muscles
i) Gluteus maximus
ii) Tibialis anterior
Explain from your knowledge of anatomy, why :
68 Anatomy Paper : II

i) pouch of Douglas is clinically important.

ii) femoral hernia is common in female.
iii) pain is felt at the tip of right shoulder joint in acute cholecystitis.
7. Write briefly on :
i) parts and clinical importance of fallopian tube
ii) medial longitudinal arch-its formation and maintenance
GROUP B

8. Outline the boundaries and contents of a typical intercostal space. Draw and label a typical intercostal nerve.
9. Draw and label the bronchopulmonary segments of right lung. Mention the clinical importance of the segments.

10. Draw and label the different parts of primitive heart tube. Describe the interior of right atrium.
11. Write down the venous drainage of upper limb (use diagram). Mention the clinical importance of median
cubital vein.

12. Describe the lymphatic drainage of br Why lymplatic drainage of breast is clinically important?
13. `Explain from your knowledge of anatomy, why :
i) lower part of deltoid muscle in preferable site for I/M injection.
ii) absence of type II pneumocytes cause Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS).
iii) clavicle is a modified long bone.
14. Write briefly on :
i) formation type and muscles producing movements of elbow joint. 1

ii) coronary sinus

First Professional MBBS Examination May, 2019

Subject: Anatomy, Paper-II
GROUP-A

1. Write down the location, extension, boundary and contents of the inguinal canal. Mention the clinical
importance of inguinal canal.
2. Name the intrahepatic and extrahepatic billiary apparatus. Describe the developmental process of pancreas

mentioning its congenital anomalies.

3. Draw and label the light microscopic structure of:
i) vermiform appendix.
ii) Graafian follicle.
4. Draw and label the dermatome of lower limb showing the axial line. Mention the clinical importance of
dermatome.

5. How the superficial veins of the lower limb are formed? Mention their sites of communications with deep veins.
6. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy why/how:
i) The external haemorrhoids are very painful.
ii) Constrictions of ureter are clinically important.
iii) Medial meniscus is injured frequently than lateral one.
7. Write briefly on :
i) Formation & nerve supply of pyloric sphincter.
ii) Formation, movements and muscles producing the movements of hip joint.
GROUP - B

8. Name the parts of respiratory tract. Mention the structural and functional differences between conducting and
respiratory zones of respiratory tract. What is bronchovascular unit?
9. Mention the developmental process of the formation of interatrial septum (use diagram). What is probe patency
test?

10. Describe the boundary and contents of posterior mediastinum. Mention the pericardial sinuses with its clinical
importance.
11. Write down the origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of the following muscles
i) brachialis.
ii) lumbricals.
12. Draw and label the brachial plexus. How carpal tunnel syndrome occurs?
13. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy why/how:
i) left predominance of heart is worse that right predominance.
ii) irritation of mediastinal pleura causes referred pain in lower neck and shoulder tip.
iii) surgical neck of humerus is clinically important.
14. Write briefly on :
i) superficial palmar arch.
ii) major openings of the diaphragm.
 Anatomy Paper : II 69

First Professional MBBS Examination November, 2018

Subject: Anatomy, Paper-II
Group - A
1. Draw and label the different regions of abdomen. Mention the importance of these regions.
2.
Give an account of the lymphatic drainage of stomach. Why is lesser curvature susceptible to gastric ulcer?
3. Draw and label:
i) histological structure of testes
ii) posterior relations of right kidney
4. Write down the mode of artery supply of uterus. What is ante flexion and ante version?
5. Give the formation and maintenance of longitudinal arches of foot. Mention the advantages of arches of foot.
6. Explain anatomically why.

i) duodenum is supplied by branches from celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery.
ii) adductor tubercles is medico legally important.
iii) veins of leg are provided with valves.
7. Write briefly on:
i) constrictions of ureter - site and clinical importance.
ii) tendoachillis

8. How is thoracic inlet formed? Name the structures passing through it. Mention the distribution of a typical
intercostal nerve.
9. Name the major openings of the diaphragm mentioning the structures passing through it. state the nerve supply
of the diaphragm.
10. Mention the course, branches and distribution of right coronary artery. What do you mean by right predominant
person?
11. Write down in a tabulated form the origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of the following muscles:
i) pectoralis major
ii) biceps brachii
12. Define axial line. Draw and label the dermatome of upper limb.
13. Explain anatomically, Why ?
i) lung continue to mature in postnatal life.
ii) median cubital vein is preferred for intravenous infusion.
iii) coracoid process of scapula is an atavistic epiphysis.
14. Write briefly on:
i) thoracic duct - beginning and area of drainage.
ii) elbow joint - bony components, type and movements produced by it.
First Professional MBBS Examination; May, 2018
Subject: Anatomy, Paper-II
Group-A
1.
Write about the formation of rectus sheath (use diagram). State the functions of anterolateral abdominal
muscles.

2. Mention the developmental sources of liver with its functions in intrauterine life. State the anterior relations of
left kidney (use diagram).
3. Draw and label the light microscopic features of.
i) ovary
ii) spleen
4. Mention the steps of dissection and contents of femoral triangle. Why femoral hernia is common in female?
5. Write down the proximal and distal attachments, nerve supply and action of the following muscles:
i) psoas major
ii) soleus

6. Explain anatomically, why:

i) venacaval opening is located in the tendinous part of the diaphragm.
ii) hindgut is supplied by the branches of inferior mesenteric artery.
iii) lesser trochanter is an example of traction epiphysis.
7.
Write briefly on:
i) abdominal aorta - its histological type and branches.
ii) medial longitudinal arch- its formation and maintenance.
70 Anatomy Paper : II

GROUP-B
8. Define bronchopulmonary segment. Draw the bronchopulmonary segments of both lungs.
9. Describe the developmental process of inter trial septum. Name the remnants of left horn of sinus venosus.
10. Write down the venous drainage of posterior thoracic wall. Mention the clinical importance of radial artery.
11. Draw and label the brachial plexus. What is Erb's palsy?
12. Mention the formation, movements and muscles producing the movements of shoulder joint. Why the joint is
unstable?
13. Explain anatomically, why:
i) coronary arteries are called functional end arteries.
ii) during aspiration of pleural fluid the needle is preferably placed along the upper border of lower rib of an
intercostal space.
iii) junction between medial 2/3rd and lateral 1/3 rd of clavicular shaft is the common site of fracture.
14. Write briefly on:
i) posterior mediastinum- its boundary and contents.
ii) axillary group of lymphnodes.

First Professional MBBS Examination November, 2017

Subject: Anatomy, Paper-II
GROUP-A

1. Mention the contents of mesentery. Write down the gross and histological differences between small and large
intestine.

2. Mention the supports of the uterus. Name the parts of uterine tube and mention its clinical importance.
3. Draw and label
i) hepatic lobule ii) Graafian follicle
4. Write down the boundary and contents of femoral triangle. Mention the formation and contents of femoral
sheath.

5. Write down the origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of the muscles producing invertion and eversion of
foot.
6. Explain anatomically:
i) why kidney changes its developmental position.
ii) how testes descend to scrotum.
7. Write briefly on :
i) structures forming stomach bed
ii) formation, type and movements of hip joint.
Group-B
8. Describe the arterial supply of heart (use diagram). Write about functional end artery.
9. Draw and label the bronchopulmonary segments of right lung. Mention the clinical importance of the segments.
10. Write down the venous drainage of upper limb (use diagram). Write down the clinical importance of median
cubital vein.

11. Mention the origin and distribution of radial nerve. Why radial nerve palsy leads to wrist drop?
12. Describe the lymphatic drainage of breast. Why lymphatic drainage of breast is clinically important?
13. Explain anatomically:
i) why shoulder joint is less stable.
ii) why sternal angle is clinically important.
14. Write briefly on :
i) development of the diaphragm
ii) different parts and nerve supply of parietal pleura.

First Professional MBBS Examination of May-2017

Subject: (Paper-II)
Group - A
1. Describe the lymphatic drainage of stomach. What is gastric canal? Give its clinical importance.
2. Write down the histological structure and nerve supply of urinary bladder. Why enlarged prostate leads to
difficulty in micturition?
3. Draw and label:
i) formation of rectus sheath
ii) light microscopic structure of testis
4. Enumerate the functional compartments of the leg. Name the muscles of the compartments with nerve supply.
How soleus muscle helps in venous return?
5. Define dermatome. Draw and label the dermatome of lower limb.
6. Explain anatomically why :
 Anatomy Paper : II 71

i) transverse colon is supplied by the branches of superior and inferior mesenteric arteries.
ii) femoral hernia is common in female.
iii) splenic artery is tortuous.
7. Write briefly on :
i) supports of the uterus
ii) portosystemic anastomoses
Group B
8.
Write down the formation and posterior relations of the base of the heart. Mention the development of interatrial
septum.
Name the parts
9. and nerve
supply of parietal pleura. Name the pleural recesses with its clinical importance.
Which intercostal space is preferred to drain pleural fluid and why?
10. Give the steps of dissection of cubital fossa. Mention its boundary and contents. Write wn the clinical
importance of radial artery.
11. Write down in a tabulated form the origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of the following muscles :
i) deltoid ii) lumbricals
12. Draw and label the brachial plexus. What is Erb's palsy?
13. Explain anatomically how/why?
i) maturation of lung completes after birth.
ii) surgical neck of humerus is clinically important.
iii) rib ossifies by intracartilagious ossification.
14. Write briefly on :
i) axillary lymph node :
ii) development of the diaphragm

University SAQ Questions of Anatomy Paper - II

1st Professional MBBS Examination of November, 2016
GROUP-A
1.
Write about the formation and contents of rectus sheath (use diagram). What is linea alba?
2. Describe the arterial supply of stomach (use diagram). Draw and label the stomach bed.
3. Discuss the development of kidney mentioning its congenital anomalies. State the anterior relations of right
kidney.
4. Draw and label: i) hepatic lobule ii) histological structure of mature Graafian follicle.
5. Describe the formation, stabilility, movements and muscles producing the movement of hip joint.
6. Explain from your knowledge of Anatomy why:
i) pouch of Douglas is clinically important,
ii) varicose vein of lower limb develops in prolonged standing,
iii) medial meniscus is injured frequently than lateral one.
7. Write briefly on:
i) the mesentery-its extension and contents
ii) sciatic nerve- its formation and distribution
GROUP-B

8. Define mediastinum. What are its different divisions. Mention the boundary and contents of superior mediastinum.
9. How a spinal nerve is formed? Describe the course and branches of a typical intercostal nerve.
10. Mention the artery supply and development of lung. What is RDS ?
11. Describe the venous drainage of upper limb. Mention the clinical importance of median cubital vein.
12. Write in a tabulated form the origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of the following muscles.
i) Deltoid ii) Triceps
13. Explain from your knowledge of Anatomy why :
i) wall of left ventricle is three times thicker than right ventricular wall.
ii) fibrous pericardium and central tendon of the diaphragm have same nerve supply.
iii) median nerve palsy leads to carpal tunnel syndrome.
14. Write briefly on:
i) thoracic duct-formation, course and termination,
ii) anatomical snuffbox-boundary and contents.
72 Anatomy Paper : II

July, 2016: ANATOMY (PAPER-II )

Group-A
1. Name the parts of extra-hepatic billiary apparatus. Write about the structure of hepatic lobule.
2. Draw and label: 1) stomach bed ii) light microscopic structure of ovary.
3. How male pelvis differs from female pelvis? Why testis descends into scrotum? Draw and label the anterior
relation of right kidney?
4. Describe the steps of dissection of poplitial fossa monitoring the boundary and contents of fossa. Draw and
label the formation rectus sheath.

5. Write in a tabulated from the origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of the following muscles
i) sartorius ii) gastrocnemius.
6. Explain anatomically why:
i) descending colon is supplied by left colic artery,
ii) vermiform appendix is called abdominal tonsil,
iii) hip joint is considered as stable joint.
7. Write briefly on :
i) pancreatic acini
ii) lymphatic drainage of lower limb.
Group-B
8. Outline the boundaries and contents of typical intercostal space. Draw and label a typical intercostal nerve.
9. Mention the characteristic features of bronchopulmonary segment of lung. Draw and label the
bronchopulmonary segment of left lung.
10. Write down the development of interatrial septum with its development abnormalities. What do you mean
dominance in coronary circulation?
11. Give the origin, course, termination and clinical importance of radial artery. Name the different group of
.
12. Define dermatome. Draw and label the dermatome of upper limb showing the axial lines.
13. Explain anatomically:
i) why pleural fluid is aspirated through upper border of lower rib in the 9th intercostals space,
ii) how transverse diameter of thoracic cage is increased,
iii) why ulnar nerve palsy leads to ulnar claw hand.
14. Write briefly :
i) formation, types and muscles producing movements of elbow joint,
ii) superior mediastinum- boundary & contents.

May, 2016: ANATOMY (PAPER -II)

Group-A
1.
Draw and label the different regions of abdomen. Mention the importance of theie regions. Explain why
inguinal hernia is common in male.
2.
Write about the lymphatic drainage of stomach. What is duodenal cap? Mention the different positions of
vermiform appendix.
3. Describe the arterial supply, development and histological structure of fallopian tube. Draw and label a mature
Graafian follicle.
4. Give an account of the venous drainage of lower limb. Write about the modifications of deep fascia of lower limb.
5. Draw and label the:

i) light microscopic structure of kidney

ii) boundaries and contents of femoral triangle
6. Explain anatomically why:
1) pain is felt at the tip of right shoulder joint in acute cholecystitis.
ii) extensor surface of lower limb is directed anteriorly.
iii) adductor tubercle is an important landmark.
7.
Write briefly on:
i) process of development and developmental anomalies of pancreas.
ii) medial longitudinal arch of foot-formation and functional importance.
Group-B
8.
Write down the venous drainage of posterior thoracic wall. Mention the contents of posterior mediastinum.
9. Describe the interior of right ventricle. 4+3 Mention the course and branches of right coronary artery.
10. Define dermatome. Draw and label the dermatome of upper limb.
11. Write in a tabulated form the origin, insertion nerve supply and actions of the following muscles
i) Triceps ii) External intercostal muscle
12. Write down the formation, movements and muscles producing the movements of radioulnar joint State the
functions of interosseous membrane.
13. Explain anatomically why:
i) absence of type II pneumocytes causes respiratory distress syndrome,
 Anatomy Paper : II 73

ii) anginal pain is felt along the medial border of arm and forearm,
iii) antecubital vein is preferred for intravenous injection.
14. Write briefly on:
i) lymphatic drainage of breast,

ii) thoracic inlet boundaries and structures passing through it.

November 2015: ANATOMY (PAPER -II)
Group-A
1. What are the large openings of the diaphragm? Mention the characteristic features and structures
passing through each opening.
2. Draw & label ihe parts of cxtrahcpatic biliary apparatus.
Describe the histological structure of vermiform appendix.
3. Give an account of the supports of uterus.
Mention the clinical importance of the pouch of Douglas.
4.
How knee joint is formed? Name the muscles with their nerve supply involved in different movements of the
knee joint. Mention the functions of menisci.
5. Draw & label the light microscopic structure of
(i) oesophagus
(ii) testis
6. Eixplain anatomically why:
i) stomach receives arterial supply from the branches of coeliac trunk.
ii) greater omentum is called the policeman of abdomen.
iii) deep peroneal nerve injury leads to foot drop.
7. Write briefly on: i) lining epithelium and development of anal canal.
ii) femoral sheath.
Group-B
8. How an intercostal nerve is formed? Mention the boundaries and contents of a typical intercostal space.
9. Define bronchopulmonary segment. Draw and label the bronchopulmonary segments of left lung. Why right
lung is more prone to infection?
10. How the base of the heart is formed?
Mention its posterior relations. Write briefly on pericardial sinuses?
11. Draw and label the brachial plexus.
Mention the effects of radial nerve injury at the radial groove of humerus.
12. Write in the tabulated from the origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of the following muscles:
i) Pectoralis major ii) Biceps brachii
13. Explain anatomically why
i) coronary arteries are called functional end arteries.
ii) alveolus of lung is lined by simple squamous epithelium.
iii) shoulder joint is an unstable joint.
14. Write briefly on:
i) manubrium sterni - its relation and clinical importance
ii) axillary lymph nodes.
July- 2015: ANATOMY (PAPER -II )
Group A
1.
Write down the formation and contents of rectus sheath. State the function of the muscles of anterior abdominal wall.
2. Describe the lymphatic drainage of stomach mentioning its clinical significance.
3. Draw and label the anterior relation of both kidneys.
Explain why kidney ascends during development.
4. Write down the venous drainage of lower limb. Explain how soleus muscle helps in
venous return.

5. Draw and label the light microscopic structure of

i) vermiform appendix
ii) testis
6. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy, why.
i) splenic artery is tortuous,
ii) pouch of Douglas is clinically important.
iii) upper and outer quadrant of gluteus maximus is a preferable site for deep I/M injection.
7.
Write briefly on :
i) the mesentery- its extension and contents,
ii) boundaries and conlents of femoral triangle.
74
Anatomy Paper : II
GROUP-B
8. Define mediastinum. What are its different divisions? Mention the boundaries and contents of superior
mediastinum.

9. Draw and label the bronchopulmonary segments of right lung. Why posterior segment of upper lobe is more
prone to infection?
10. Describe the interior of right atrium. Mcnlion the developmental sources and arterial supply of interventricular
septum.
11. Write down the origin, insertion and nerve supply of the following muscles:
i) deltoid
ii) lumbricals of hand.

12. Mention the formation, movements and the muscles producing the movements of radioulnar joints. State the
functions of interosseous membrane.
13. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy, why:
i) 9 intercostal space at midaxillary line is preferred for pleural fluid aspiration,
ii) median nerve compression leads to carpal tunnel syndrome,
iii) 3rd to 6th thoracic spinal nerves are called typical intercostal nerves.
14. Write briefly on:
i) lymphatic drainage of breast
ii) thoracic duct- beginning, termination and area of drainage.

11

He creates you stage by stage in your mothers' wombs in

threefold darkness. That is Allah, your Lord. Sovereignty is His.
There is no deity but Him. So what has made you deviate?"
[Qur'an, Az-Zumar (39):6]
 75
Anatomy Paper : II

UNIVERSITY QUESTION (MCQ)

University of Dhaka
Anatomy paper- II (MCQ)
First Professional MBBS Examination May & F e peroneus brevis
Nov,21(held in January 22) 11. The cervienl pleura is

IETLEĤTILFELE
Subject: Anatomy; Paper- II a innervated by somatic nerve
1. External obligue muscle b a part of pulmonary pleura
a. arises from the lower eight ribs c attached to inner border of 1st rib
b. inserts into pubic tubercle d 2 cm above the 1st costal cartilage
c. interdigitates with internal oblique muscle e covered by Sibson's fascia

of
12.

part
d. is supplied by lower six thoracic nerves

space
Anterior

contains
intercostal
e. is developed from paraxial mesoderm a. anterior intercostal artery

LTFNEMYS
2. The cervix of uterus b intercostal nerve
a. has peritoneum on its anterior surface c external intercostal membrane
b. forms 90 degree angulation with body of uterus d internal intercostal muscle
c. is related to ureter laterally e external intercostal muscle

13.
d. is attached to Mackenrodt's ligaments Azygos vein
e. sheds its lining at menstruation a. is formed at the level of T10 vertebra
3.

Urinary bladder b. is formed by union of right subcostal and right

a lies in the hypogastric region ascending lumbar vein
b is devoid of peritoneal covering FELILL c. drains venous blood from posterior thoracic wall
c.has muscularis mucosa d. opens into hemiazygos vein
d is supported by pelvic fascia e. has no valves
14.

e drains into inguinal lymph nodes The right ventricle

4.

Submucosal glands are present in a forms the inferior surface of the heart
a colon b is oval in cross section
-

b duodenum
c has a tricuspid valve in its inflow tract
c jejunum d contains three conical papillary muscles
d'oesophagus
e stomach
FE e possesses a pulmonary orifice guarded by a

1
"
semilunar valve.
5.

S15.-

to
of

of

is
rib

related
shaft
surface

Rotation of midgut occurs

Superior

a in clockwise direction a subclavian artery

Tb for 90' during herniation b subclavian vein
c for 180° during retraction of herniated loop c brachiocephalic vein
around the axis of superior mesenteric artery

TAR SEI
d d d suprapleural membrane
e in 12 week of intrauterine life e trunk of brachial plexus
16.

6.
The sacroillac joint Basilic vein
T

a is a synovial joint Т a a begins at the dorsal venous arch

b allows gliding movement F b ends by joining subclavian vein
c lies behind the bifurcation of common iliac artery F c is medial to biceps brachii in the arm
d transmits body weight d pierces clavipectoral fascia
e lies anterior to the sciatic nerve Т e is devoid of valves
7.

Structures passing through the greater sciatic 17. Muscle attached to the spine of scapula are
foramen are Т a deltoid
a inferior gluteal nerve

FTEÅ
Tb trapezius
b internal pudendal artery c pectoralis major

TFBOE
c piriformis muscle d pectoralis minor
d'obturator nerve e biceps brachii
e. sacrotuberous ligament 18. Derivatives of septum transversum include
8. The arches of the foot acts as a pliable platform to Т a. central tendon of diaphragm
a support the body weight b. parenchyma of liver
b give the foot resilience Т c. fibrous pericardium
c are absent at birth d. costal pleura
T d have tie beams that connect the two ends of the arch Т e. epicardium
T e are maintained largely by bony factors 19. Branches of the lateral cord of brachial plexus includes
9. Sartorius Т a. musculocutaneous
F a is attached to anterior inferior iliac spine b. ulnar
T bb forms the lateral boundary of femoral triangle c. radial
T c forms the roof of adductor canal
d. axillary
Td is supplied by femoral nerve e. lateral pectoral
T e extends the knee joint 20. Carpal tunnel transmits
10. Structures attached to head of fibula are
a. radial artery

CAFT a lateral head of gastrocnemius

b semimembranosus

c biceps femoris
d fibular collateral ligament
Т
Т
b. tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis
c. median nerve
d. ulnar nerve
e. ulnar artery
76
Anatomy Paper : II

First Professional MBBS Examination May,21(held in October'21) 12. Tributaries of coronary sinus are
Subject: Anatomy; Paper- II T a) great cardiac vein
1. The indifferent gonad is formed by Tb) small cardiac vein
a) coelomic epithelium F c) anterior cardiac vein
b) mesenchyme F d) venae cordis minimi
c) primordial germ cell T e) oblique vein of left atrium
Structures passing through the thoracic inlet are

T FN E
d) medullary cords 13.
e) cortical cords T a) thymus
2. Oesophagus F b) Ascending sorts
T c) trachea
a) is lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous
T b) has glands in its submucous coat F d) superior vena cava
c) has no lamina propria Te) oesophagus
d) has villi
14. Bronchiole has
F a) cartilage
e) is composed of smooth muscle in its upper 1/3rd
3. Uterus is
F b) mucous glands BOT

T c) nerves
a) entirely covered by peritoneum T d) cilia
T b) a content of broad ligament T e) smooth muscle
c) anteriorly flexed at the level of internal os 15. Atrioventricular groove Contains
d) related to sigmoid colon posteriorly a) anterior cardinal vein
F
e)connected with ovary through suspensory b) right coronary artery
T
lígament
4.

T c) left coronary artery

The following organs are drained by portal vein F d) left phrenic nerve
a) gall bladder
F e) circumflex artery
b)pancreas
c) small intestine 16. Typical thoracic vertebra has
T a) long spinous process directed downwards
d) kidney
T b) heart shaped body

STFEO
e) uterus
5. Lateral branches of abdominal aorta are T c) superior costal facets which articulate with
numerically corresponding ribs
a) inferior phrenic artery
d) large and oval vertebral foramen
b) superior suprarenal artery

FTITE
e) costal facets on each side of the body
T

c) lumber artery
17. Muscles innervated by musculocutaneous nerve include
d) gonadal artery a) brachialis
e) inferior mesenteric artery
b) brachioradialis
6.

Following nerves are the branches of lumbar plexus c) corncobrachialis

T
a) ilio-inguinal
T

b) femoral
F d) teres major
c) obturator
F e) triceps brachii
18. Flexors of shoulder joint are
d) pelvic splanchnic
T a) pectoralis major
e) pudendal
7.

Fb) teres major

Quadriceps femoris take origin T c) corscobrachialis
a) anterior inferior iliac spine
F

F d) latissimus dorsi
b) intertrochanteric crest
T e) deltoid
c) lesser trochanter
Τ

19. Nerves related to humerus are

d) spiral line T a) radial nerve
c) línea aspera T
8. Sacral hiatus transmits b) ulnar nerve
T c) median nerve
a) filum terminale
F d) musculocutaneous nerve
T

F b) caudae equina T e) axillary nerve

c) coccygeal nerve
d) 4h sacral spinal nerve 20. Coracoid process of scapula provides attachment to
T a) coracobrachialis
Fe) median sacral artery
9. Intra articular structures of the knee joint T b) pectoralis minor
F c) serratus anterior
T a) medial meniscus
F d) deltoid
T b) tendon of popliteus
F c) oblique popliteal ligament
F e) transverse scapular ligament
T d) anterior cruciate ligament
F e) ligamentum patellae First Professional MBBS Examination May
10. Small saphenous vein & Novemver, 2020(held in Feb'21)
F a) is a deep vein Subject: Anatomy; Paper- II
1. Rectus sheath contains
T b) possess valve
F c) begins behind the medial melleolus a. cremaster muscle

LFTNE
F d) is accompanied by saphenous nerve b. pyramidalis muscle
Te) terminates into popliteal vein c. inferior epigastric
11. The diaphragm d. subcostal nerve
Ta) is made up of skeletal muscles e. paraumbilical vein
2. The duodenum
T b) arises from lumbar vertebra
F c) receives motor supply from intercostal nerve a. is completely covered by peritoneum
T
d) is the principal muscle of inspiration b. lies behind the portal vein
F
e) gives passage to thoracic duct through its vena caval opening c. lies anterior to right kidney
 Anatomy Paper : II 77

d. is supplied by branches of coeliac trunk T b. composed of rings of cartilage

e. is crossed anteriorly by superior mesenteric artery T c. receives motor supply from vagus nerve
3. In the hepatic lobule T d. is lined by non keratínized stratified

T3F A S
a. hepatocytes are arranged radially around the central vein F e. squamous epithelium
b. the plates of hepatocytes branch and anastomose freely 14. Phrenic nerve provides sensory supply to
c.space of Disse separate hepatocyte from central vein T
a. fibrous pericardium
d. Kupffer cells are located in the space of Disse F b. epicardium
e. Ito cells are found in the perisinusoidal space T c. cervical pleura
4. Primitive urogenital sinus in male form T d. mediastinal pleura
a. ureter F e. parietal layer of peritoneum

ELH PES
b. urinary bladder 15. Branches of internal thoracic artery are
c. penile urethra T a. superior epigastric artery
d. ductus deferens F b. inferior epigastric artery
e. epididymis T
c. musculophrenic arteryae
5. Base of urinary bladder in female is related F d. first posterior intercostal artery
CHAF F O R T

posteriorly to F e. oesophageal artery

a. body of uterus 16. Medial longitudinal arch of the foot is

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFТ - TELE
b. supra vaginal part of cervix maintained by
c. ampulla of rectum Τ a. long planter ligament
d. anterior vaginal wall Τ b. spring ligament
e. pouch of Douglas Τ c. flexor hallucis longus
6. Parietal celis of gastric gland d. peroneus longus
a. predominate in basal zone of the gland e. tibialis posterior
TIERENTEFFFÖ

b. have abundant microvilli 17. Cubital fossa contains

c. contain numerous mitochondria Т a. tendon of biceps brachii
d. possess zymogen granules b. ulnar nerve
e. produce intrinsic factor c. radial nerve
7.

Pubic tubercle is related to T d. median nerve

a. spermatic cord e. musculocutaneous nerve
b. round ligament of uterus 18. Clavicle

c. suspensory ligament of ovary a. ossifies mostly by cartilage

d. obturator nerve b. has medullary cavity
e. internal pudendal artery Τ c. lacks periosteum
8.

Subcutaneous part of tibia d. has two primary center of ossification

TTFETÖ9.TETLEG

a. medial malleolus Т e. provides attachment to subclavius muscle

b. tibial tuberosity 19. Rotator cuff is formed by
c. interosseous border Τ a. subscapularis
d. lateral surface of shaft b. pectoralis major
e. lateral condyle c. teres major
Invertors of the foot are Т d. supraspinatus
a. tibialis anterior F e. deltoid
b. tibialis posterior 20. Cephalic vein
c. extensor hallucis longus T a. is the continuation of dorsal venous arch
d. peroneus tertius F b. ascends along the ulnar side of forearm
e. flexor digitorum longus T c. drains into axillary vein
10. Factors responsible for venous return from F d. is devoid of valves
TEREFİLE

lower limb are F e. is connected with deep vein through median

a. negative intrathoracic pressure cubital vein.

b. presence of valve First Prof. MBBS Exam. of November-2019

c. gravity
d. muscular contraction Subject: Anatomy; Paper- II
e. accompanying arterial pulsation GROUP-A
11.

1.

Muscles of diaphragm take origin from Retroperitoneal structures include

TLLEN

a. second lumber vertebrae

a. abdominal aorta F b. ascending colon
b. 12th rib

LFTZESAP
c. spleen T d. tranverse colon
c. central tendon e. ureter

d. median arcuate ligament 2. Tributaries of inferior venacava are

e. Xiphoid process of sternum a. left suprarenal vein F b. right gonadal vein
12.

Apes

of lung is related posteriorly to

c. renal vein T d. spleníc vein
sympathetic trunk Τ e. superior mesenteric vein
a. sympathetic trunk 3. Right kidney is anteriorly related to the

FE RE
b. superior intercostal artery a. Bare area of liver T
b. coils ofjejumum
c. first posterior intercostal vein c. hepatic flexure F d. second part of duodenum
d. lower trunk of brachial plexus e. transverse colon
4.

e. first posterior intercostal artery Derivatives of urogenital sinus in female include

13. Trachea F a. trigone of urinary bladder
a. begins at the level of first thoracic vertebra F b. clitoris F c. fallopian tube
bifurcates at the level of sternal angle T d. female urethra F
e. lower part of vagina
78 Anatomy Paper: II
5. Hindgut derivatives are F e. musculi pectinati
a. jejunum T b. liver 16. Contents of cubital fossa include
c. rectum T a. median nerve

SEFTRY
d. sigmoid colon Т b. brachial
e. stomach c. tendon of biceps brachalis

F
6.

TAFRI TE
Contents of spermatic cord include d. ulnar nerve
a. deep circumflex e. cephalic vein
b. ilioinguinal nerve 17. Nerves related to humerus are
c. pampuniform plexus of veins a. radial nerve

d. testicular artery b. median nerve

Т
e. vas deferens c. ulnar nerve
7.

Muscles arising from hip bone include d. axillary nerve

a. semimembranosus Т e. musculocutaneous nerve

b. short head of biceps femoris 18. Muscles innerverted by musculocutaneous nerve
include
c. pectineus

LTEFTA
d. psoas major F a. biceps brachii
e. rectus femoris b. triceps
.
8

Femoral nerve c. teres minor

a. arises from dorsal division of ventral rami of d. brachialis
e. coracobrachialis
L2,3,4 spinal nerves
F b. is purely motor nerve 19. Following synovial joint are present in an
articulated hand

FTTTTS
T c. is a content of adductor canal
T d. lies within femoral sheath a. pivot
b. ball & socket
F e. supplies quadriceps femoris muscles Т

9. Structures passing underneath the flexor Т c. plane

retinacualum Т d. ellipsoid
a. tibialis anterior Т e. hinge
T
F b. deep peroneal nerve 20. Nerves arising from the root of brachial plexus
F c. anterior tibial vein are

T a. dorsal scapular nerve

T d. flexor digitorum longus
F e. posterir tibial artery
F b. lateral pectoral nerve
10. Patella F c. long thoracic nerve
T a. is a sesamoid bone F d. nerve to subclaveus
T e. thoracodorsal nerve
T b. is formed within quadriceps femoris tendon
T c. is covered by periosteum First Prof. MBBS Exam. of May-2019
d. has Haversian system Subject: Anatomy; Paper-II
e. forams saddle type joint with femur GROUP - A

FET N
11. Contents of posterior mediastinum are 1. External oblique muscle
a. oesoplagus
T a. is supplied by lower six thoracic spinal nerves
b. thoracic duct
F b. extends the vertebral column
c. descending thoracic aorta T c. provides support to the abdominal viscera
d. phrenic nerve
e. pericardiophrenic vessels
T d. assists in forceful inspiration
T e. develops from paraxial mesoderm
12. Structures passing through the hilum of lungs 2. Greater omentum
are

T
T a. is made up of four layers
a. pulmonary artery .

T b. is attached to transverse colon

T b. superior and inferior pulmonary veins
T c. principal bronchus
F
c. covers the posterior surface of pancreas

F
d. secondary bronchus T d. is called the policeman of abdomen
F
e. tertiary bronchus e. develops from ventral mesogastrium
13.

Upper surface of shaft of 1st rib is related to 3. Following muscles are related to the to the
T a. subclavian artery posterior surface of kidney
T

b. subclavian vein a. erector spinae

T c. lower trunk of brachial plexus b. latissimus dorsi
d. brachiocephalic vein c. psoas major

FT A S
e. suprapleural membrane d. quadratus lumborum
14. Phrenic nerve innervates e. transversus abdominis
a. central tendon of the diaphragm 4.
Branches of coeliae trunk include
T
b. costal pleure a. left gastric artery
c. epicardium b. right gastric artery
T d. fibrous pericardium c. splenic artery
F e. mediastinal
d. right colic artery
15. Components of the Conducting system of the
heart are e. hepatic artery proper
5. The cervix of the uterus
T a. SA node
T b. bundle of His a. has peritoneum on its anterior surface
b. forms
T c. chordae tendinae 90°toangulation
c. is related the ureter with the body of the uterus
F d. papillary muscle laterally
d. is attached
to the Mackenrodt's ligament
 Anatomy Paper : II 79

e. sheds its lining epithelium during menstruation 16. Branches of the internal thoracic artery are
6. Parietal cells of gastric gland F a. superior phrenic
Т a. predominate in the basal zone of the gland T b. superior epigastric

T6ENHFLO
Т b. have abundant microvilli
F c. posterior intercostal
F

c. contain numerous mitochondria T d. musculoplrenic

d. possess zymogene granules T e. pericardiophrenic
e. produce intrinsic factor
7.

popliteus muscle 17. Axillary group of lymph nodes include

T a. apical
a. has fleshy origin
Т b. lateral
b. originates from popliteal epicondyle of femur
Т c. is intracapsular
d. is inserted to tibia below the soleal line
TE
Т

F
c. pectoral
d. pretracheal
e. extends the knee joint F e. supraclavicular
8. Femoral nerve 18. Ulnar nerve supplies the following muscles
Т a. is a branch of the lumbar plexus F a. first lumbrical
b. arises from the ventral division of the ventral T b. dorsal interossei
rami of L2, L3, L4 spinal nerves F c. flexor pollicis longus
T c. enters the thigh by passing underneath the

PAT ER
F d. lateral part of flexor digitorum profundus
inguinal ligament
d. is enclosed within the femoral sheath
e. third lumbrical
19. Palmar aponeurosis
e. innervates the flexor compartment of the thigh

FRT F
. Tarsal bones a. is thick over thenar eminence
a. are short irregular bones F b. is triangular in shape
b. are seven in number F c. has its apex towards the root of the fingers
c. have six articular surfaces d. represents the degenerative tendon of flexor
d. are arranged in two rows digitorum profundus
e. have primary centers of ossification which T e. helps to improve hand grip
appears after birth except in three 20. Regarding elbow joint
10. Contents of popliteal fossa include T a. it is hinge in type

SFT FE
a. deep peroneal nerve
F b. it is bi axial
Т b. femoral vessels
c. great saplenous vein
T c. pronator teres produces flexion
d. posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh T d. anconeus produces extension
T e. tibial nerve F e. it is supplied by median nerve
11. Regarding the development of lung First Prof. MBBS Exam. of November-2018
F
a. the lung bud appears at the 6th week of Subject: Anatomy; Paper- II
intrauterine life 1. Portal vein drains
T b. bud appears as an outgrowth from the ventral a. gall bladder T

b. pancreas T
wall ofthe foregut
T
c. small intestine T
c. the lining epithelium is endodermal in origin
F
d. kidney
d. cartilages and muscles develop from splanchnic
e. uterus
mesoderm
F
2. Branches of internal iliac artery supply
e. maturation process of lung completes at birth
a. urinary bladder T
12. Azygos system of veins are b. uterus F
Т a. straight in course
c. testes F
b. prevertebral in position d. sigmoid colon F
Τ
c. contents of posterior mediastinum e. gluteal muscles T
d. accompanied with corresponding arteries

TRFAELIPH
3. the fixed part of the large intestine are
e. communicated with verterbral venous plexus a. vermiform appendix T
13. A typical thoracic vertebra has b. transverse colon T
Т
a. heart shaped body c. descending colon F
b. demifacet on body d. rectum F
c. foramina transversarium e. gall bladder F
d. mamillary process 4. inferior surface of liver shows impressions for
e. short slender transverse process following structures
14. Connective tissue present in the heart are a. inferior vena cava T
a. chordae tendinae b. stomach F
Т
b. demifacet on body c. tuber omentale T
Т c. cusps of valves d. gall bladder T
d. septomarginal trabecuale e. spleen F

e. purkinje fibers 5. ureteric bud gives rise to

15. The cervical pleura is a. Bowman's capsule T

a. a part of pulmonary pleura b. loop of Henle T

Т b. covered by sibson's fascia c. collecting tubules F
Т c. attached to the inner border of 1st rib d. minor calyx F
d. 2cm above the 1st costal cartilage e. major calyx F
e. innervated by somatic nerve
80
Anatomy Paper : II
6. Regarding prostate gland it /its b. located beneath the superficial fascia of pectoral
a. is related to the neck of urinary bladder T region T

b. is traversed by ejaculatory ducts T c. extended from 2nd to 8th rib in the midclavicular
c. releases secretion by sympathetic stimulation T line F

d. is covered by peritoneum T d. apocrine type of gland T

e. posterior lobe forms uvula vesicae T e. ectodermal in origin T

7. Cutaneous nerves supplying the dorsum of the 17. Clavicle

foot are a. is the first bone to start ossification T

a. superficial peroneal T b. ossifies mostly by cartilage F

b. sural T c. has medulary cavity F

c. medial plantar T d. lacks periosteum F

d. saphenous F e. provides attachment to trapezius muscle T

e. tibial F 18. Following nerves are the branches of the lateral

8. the gluteus maximus muscle is cord of brachial plexus
a. attached to the intertochanteric line of femur F a. mucocutaneous T

TF T
F b. ulnar
b. innervated by superior gluteal nerve
c. radial T
c. supplied by inferior gluteal artery T
d. axillary F
d. an extensor of hip joint
e. lateral pectoral T
e. related to trochanteric bursa F
19. Median nerve supplies the following muscles
9. intra articular structures of the knee joint are
a. anterior cruciate ligament T a. biceps brachii F

b. tibial collateral ligament F b. palmaris longus T

c. tendon of popliteus c. flexor carpi radialis T

F d. 3rd lumbrical F
d. articularis genu
e. medial meniscus T e. palmar intercostal F

10. structures passing through lesser sciatic foramen 20. Abductors of shoulder joint are
are a. triceps brachii F

a. superior gluteal nerve F b. deltoid T

b. internal pudendal artery c. supraspinatus T

c. nerve to obturator internus d. trapezius F

d. obturator nerve e. coracobrachialis F

e. inferior gluteal artery
First Prof. MBBS Exam. of May 2018
11. Contents of posterior mediastinum are
a. oesophagus Subject: Anatomy; Paper- II
b. thoracic duct 1. Regarding 5th lumbar vertebra
c. descending thoracic aorta a. psoas major muscle is attached to its body F

d. phrenic nerve b. it forms secondary cartilaginous joint with 4th

e. pericardiacophernic artery lumbar vertebra T

12. Cells present in lung alveoli are c. its transverse processes encroach on the body T
a. squamous cell d. it does not have mammillary process F
b. cuboidal cell e. abdominal aorta bifurcates at this level F
c. columner cell
2. Stimulation of vagus nerve in the stomach causes
d. goblet cell a. relaxation of pyloric sphincter T
e. clara cell T
b. contraction of gastric musculature T
13. rib has
c. secretion of enzymes
a. an angle d. dilatation of gastric vessels
b. costal groove e. pain sensation to travel from stomach
c. a single facet on the head
d. attachment with suprapleural membrane
3. Rotation of mid gut occurs
T
a. around the axis of superior mesenteric artery
e. relation with subclavian vein
b. in clockwise direction
14. Trachea is
T c. for 90° during herniation
a. composed of fibrocartilage
b. a content of middle mediastinum F d. for 180° during retraction of herniated loop
e. in 12th Week of intrauterine life F
c. lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar
4. Ureter is related to the
epithelium T
a. transverse process of 2nd lumber vertebra
d. crossed by isthmus of thyroid gland T
b. body of 3rd lumber vertebra
e. supplied by superior thyroid artery T
c. ischial spine
15. sympathetic supply to heart
F
d. sacroiliac joint.
a. decrease force of contraction
e. uterine artery
b. decrease cardiac output F
5.
Root of the mesentery crosses
c. diminish heart rate F
a. abdominal aorta T
d. cause vasodilatation T
b. inferior venacava T

e. cause vasoconstriction T c. left ureter

16. Breast is d. left psoas msjor
T T
a. a modified sweat gland e. right gonadal vessels
 Anatomy Paper: II 81

6. Paramesonephric duct in female gives rise to 16. The sternum

a. clitoris F a. ossifies from membrane F

b. fallopian tube T b. has a medullary cavity F

c. urethra c. articulutes with upper eight cosal cartilages T
d. upper part of vagina T d. is posteriorly related to mediastinal pleura T
e. round ligament of uterus F e. forms the anterior boundary of the mediastinum T
7. The sciatic nerve 17. Following types of synovial joint are found in an
a. is a branch of lumber plexus F articulated hand
b. leaves the pelvis through greater sciatic foramenT a. Plane T
c. lies superficial to gluteus maximus muscle F b. condylar T
d. supply vastus lateralis muscle F c. hinge T

e. injury may lead to foot drop T d. pivot F

8. Muscles with dual nerve supply in lower limb e. ball & socket F
are 18. Contents of cubit fossa are
a. pectineus F a. median nerve T

b. adductor magnus b. ulnar nerve F

c. soleus F c. redial nerve F
d. tibialis anterior F d. brachial artery T

e. biceps femoris T e. tendon of biceps brachii T

9. Ossification starts in the following tarsal bones 19. Muscles innevated by axilary nerve are
during intrauterine life a. teres major F
a. talus b. teres minor T
b. calcaneus c. deltoid T

c. cuboid d. triceps F
d. navicular e. coracobrachialis F
e. cuneiform 20. Nerve directly related to humerus are
10. Great saphenus vein a. redial T
a. begins on the lateral side of the foot F b. median F

b. communication with deep vein through c. ulner T

perforating veins T d. axillary

c. lies over the deep fascia e. musculocutaneous F
d. is used in venesection T First Prof. MBBS Exam. of November-2017
e. drain into the popliteal vein F
Sub: Anatomy, Paper (II) MCQ
11. Respiratory unit of lung consists of 1. Branches of abdominal aorta are
a. terminal bronchus F
a. coeliac trunk T
b. respiratory bronchiole T
T
F
b. renal artery
c. terminal bronchiole
c. ovarian artery F
d. alveolar duct T
d. uterine atery F
e. alveoli T
e. obturator artery F
12. Following structures develop from saptum
2. Derivatives of mesonephric duct are
transversum
a. ductus deferens
a. fibrous pericardium

TF F
b. uterine tube
b. epicardirum c. uterus
c. parietal pleura d. ureter
d. visceral ple
e. vagina
e. central tendon of the diaphragm 3. Contents of broad ligament are
13. structures present in the coronary sulcus a. ureter F
includes
b. uterine artery T
a. right coronary artery c. ovarian artery T
b. circumflex branch of left coronary artery F
c. great cardiac vein
d. ovary
e. uterine artery T
d. middle cardiac vein
4. The right and left sinus horn receives blood
e. coronary sinus from
14. Branches of internal thoracic artery are a. vitelline vein
T
a. pericardiacophrenic b. umbilical vein
T
b. musculophrenic
c. common cardinal vein
e. posterior interoostals d. portal vein
d. subcostal
e. dorsal aorta
e. superior epigastric 5. Regarding definitive kidney
15. Phrente nerve
a. it is the permanent kidney T
a. is formed by 3nd ,4th &5th cervical spinal nerves T
F b. it appears in the 5th week of intrauterine life T
b. is a content of posterior mediastinum c. the collecting system develops from ureteric bud T
c. is situated behind lung root. T

d. Provides motor supply to the diaphragm T d. the excretory system develops from metanephricT
F e. it starts functioning at 6th week of intrauterine life F
e. provides sensory supply to the gall bladder
82 Anatomy Paper : II

Pancreas is related to
6. e. phrenic nerve T
a. splenic artery T 16. Branches of the posterior cord of brachial plexus are
b. splenic vein T a. radial nerve F

c. portal vein T b. thoracodorsal nerve. T

d. gastroduodenal artery F c. axillary nerve F

e. hepatic artery F d. long thoracic nerve F

7. Muscles of the medial compartment of thigh e. ulnar nerve F

include 17. Hypothenar muscles

a. adductor longus T a. are abductor digiti minimi Т

FT
b. gracilis T b. are opponens digiti minimi
c. obturator externus F c. are supplied by deep branch of ulnar nerve
d. assist in grip
d. vastus lateralis F

e. flex the proximal phalanx

e. rectus femoris F

18. Structures passing deep to flexor retinaculum are

8. Regarding psoas major muscle a. median nerve
a. the proximal attachment is from the bodies of T12

TEF
T b. ulnar nerve
-L5 vertebrae c. ulnar vessels
b. the distal attachment is to the greater trochanter F
c. it is innervated by anterior rami of L₁ - L3 spinal d. palmaris longus tendon
T
e. flexor tendons
nerves
19. Deltoid muscle
d. the main actions are flexing and stabilising hip
T a. is circumpennate in type
joint b. is attached to deltoid tuberosity
F
e. it is an extensor of hip joint c. is the site for intramuscular injection
9. Adductor canal
d. in the flexor of shoulder joint
a. is a passage way in the middle 3rd of the thigh TT
e. is innervated by radial nerve F
b. extends from the apex of femoral triangle 20. Contents of cubital fossa are
T
c. provides passage for femoral artery a. median nerve T
F
d. is bounded medially by vastus medialis b. ulnar nerve F
e. contains obturator nerve T
c. radial nerve F
10. The skeleton of foot
T d. brachial artery T
a. consists of 7 tarsal bones
T e. tendon of biceps T
b. 5 metatarsal bones
F
First Prof. MBBS Exam. of May, 2017
c. 20 phalanges
d. talus and calcaneus form hindfoot T Sub: Anatomy, Paper (II) MCQ
1. Following organs are supplied by the branches
e. navicular, cuboid and cneiforms form midfoot. T of coeliac trunk
11. Contents of posterior mediastinum a. ascending colon F
T
a. oesophagus

FTF
F
b. jejunum F
b. heart with pericardium c. spleen
T
c. descending thoracic aorta d. stomach T
d. vagus nerve e. rectum
F
e. phrenic nerve 2. Structures developing from paramesonephric
12. Coronary sinus receives tributaries from duct in female include
a. great cardiac vein T a. clitoris F
b. middle cardiac vein T
b. ovary F
c. oblique vein of left atrium c. lower part of vagina F

d. venae cordis minimae d. uterus T

F e. uterine tube T
e. superior vena cava
13. Regarding phrenic nerve 3.
Posterior surface of first part of duodenum is
related to
a. it is formed by anterion rami of C3 -Cs spinal 2

nerves T a. gastroduodenal atery T

TF
b. bile duct T
b. it passes through superior thoracic aperture T
c. hepatic vein
c. it supplies the central portion of the diaphragm T
F d. portal vein
d. it supplies the visceral pleura
e. gall bladder
e. it gives branches to cardiac plexus F

14. Structures pass through hilum of both lungs are

4.
Derivatives of ventral pancreatic duct include
a. pulmorary artery T a. uncinate process of the pancreas T

b. superior and inferior pulmonary veins T b. upper part of the head of the pancreas F

c. principal bronchus T c. lower part of the head of the pancreas

d. secondary bronchus F d. distal part of the main pancreatic duct F

e. accessory pancreatic duct T

e. tertiary bronchus F
5. Physiological herniation occurs
15. Structures passing through the thoracic inlet a. as a result of rapid growth and expansion of liverT
include
b. abdominal cavity is too small to accommodate
a. trachea T
intestinal loops T
b. vagus nerve T
c. into the extraembryonic coelom T
c. sympathetic trunk T
d. during 4th week of development T
d. descending thoracic aorta F e. through umbilical ring T
 Anatomy Paper : II 83

6. Retroperitoneal structures include e. sternoclavicular joint

a. abdominal aorta T 16. Carpal bones of proximal raw includes
b. spleen F
F
a. capitates
c. ascending colon
b. hamate F
d. transverse colon
c. lunate T
e. ureter T
7. Dual never supply is present in the following d. scaphoid T

muscles e. triquetral T

a. adductor magnus 17. Rotator cuff is formed by the following muscles

TF
b. biceps femoris a. infraspinatus T
c. gluteus maximus b. latissimus dorsi F

d. pectineus c. pteres major F

e. tibialis anterior d. subscapularis T
8. Popliteus muscle e. supraspinatus T
a. arises from the posterior surface of tibia below 18. Structures piercing the clavipectoral fascia
the soleal line F include
b. is fleshy in origin T a. basilic vein F
c. is extracapsular T b. cephalic vein T
d. is attached to lateral menisci F c. lateral pectoral nerve T
e. rotates the femur laterally T d. suprascapular nerve F
9.
Muscles innervated by deep peroneal nerve e. thoracoacromial artery T
include 19. Muscles of the hand supplied by median nerve
a. biceps femoris F include

b. extensor hallucis longus T a. adductor pollicis

c. peroneus tertius T b. dorsal interossei
d. popliteus F c. first and second lumbricals
e. tibialis anterior T d. opponens pollicis
10. About tarsal bones e. palmar interossei
a. they are irregular short bones T 20. Branches of axillary artery include
b. they are seven in number T a. superior thoracic artery

TEFT
c. navicular and cuneiform bone ossify before birth b. internal thoracic artery
d. have six articular surfaces c. vertebral artery
e. form mainly plane type of synovial joints in d. lateral thoracic artery
between them T e. Subscapular artery
11. Fibrous pericardium 1st Prof. MDBS Exam, of November, 2016
a. develops from somatopleuric layer of lateral Subject: Anatomy with Histology Paper II
plate mesoderm F 1. Structure situated in the left hypochondriac
T regions are
b. lies anterior to oblique sinus
c. insparably blends with central tendon of the a. body of the pancreases
T b. left colic flexure
diaphragm
c. left kidney
d. receives arterial supply from internal thoracic
T
d. pyloric end ofthe stomach
artery
e. spleen
e. is innervated by intercostal nerves F
Ans. a)F b)T c)T d)F e)T
12. Tributaries of coronary sinus include 2. Endodermal derivatives of foregut include
a. anterior cardiac vein F a. alveolar epithelium of lung
b. great cardiac vein T b. gastric gland
c. oblique vein of left atrium c. liver parenchyma
d. small cardiac vein d. muscular layer of large intestine
e. venae cordis minimi T
e. submucous layer of duodenum
Ans. a) T b)T c)T d)F e)F
13. Vagus nerve innervates the following organs 3. Testicular coverings includes
through its parasympathetic components a. colle's fascia
a. heart F
b. external spermatic fascia
b. jejunum T
c. internal spermatic fascia
c. lung d. tunica albuginea
d. descending colon e. tunica vaginalis
e. urinary bladder Ans. a) F b) Tc) F d)Te)T
4. Pudendal
14. Medial surface of right is related to nerve supplied the following
structures
a. azygos vein
a. cervix of uterus

TE RTE
b. descending thoracic aorta
b. external anal sphincter
c. superior venacava c. sphincter urethrae
d. thoracic duct F
d. sphincter vesicae
e. trachea
e. vagina
15. Primary cartilaginous joints present in the Ans. a) b) c) d) e) FTTFF
thoracic wall includes 5.
Porto system anastomoses are found in the
a. costochondral joint following organ
b. costovertebral joint a. anal canal
b. kidney
c. 1st chondrosternal joint c. liver d. spleen
d. manubriosternal joint e. vagina
84 Anatomy Paper : II
Ans. a)T b)F c)T d)F e)F a. is a muscle of the fexor compartment of arm
6. Submucous coat is absent in the following b. originates from the greater tubercle ofhumerus
structures c. is inserted into the radial tuberosity of radius
a. gallbladder b. stomach d. has dual nerve supply
e. flexes the elbow joint
c. trigone of urinary bladder e)T
d. ureter e. vermiform appendix Ans. a) T b) F c) F d)
)F e)F 17. Clavicle provides attachment to the following
7.
Ans. a)Tb)F
d Hamstring
c)T group of muscles include muscles
a. deltoid b. pectoralis major
b. sartorius
a. gracilis d. subclavius
c. semimembranosus d. semitendinosus c. serratus anterior
e. short head of biceps e. subscapularis
Ans. a)T b) T c) F d) Te) F
Ans. a) F b) F c)T d) Te) F 18. Branches arising from the trunk of
Regardingpatella is brachial plexus include
8. a. is found in the tendon of quadriceps femoris a. dorsal scapular nerve
8

b. is covered by periosteum
b. lower subscapular nerve
c. develops before birth c. nerve to subclavius
d. has Haversian system
d. suprascapular nerve
e. form saddle type of synovial joint with lower end e. upper suscapular nerve
of femur
Ans. a) T b)F c)F d)T e)F
Ans. a)T b)F c)F d) F e) F of foot is 19. Following muscles of the hand are supplied 9.
dorsum
9. Skin overlying the
by ulnar nerve
supplied by following nerves a. adductor pollicis b. dorsal interossei
a. deep peroneal c. 1st& 2ndlumbricals d. opponens policis
b. femoral
e. palmar interossei
c. obturator Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Fe) T
d. superficial peroneal
a.
20. Breast
e. sural
b
. is a modified sweat gland

is

of
the
. a)T b)F c)F d) T e)F

fascia
located

beneath

superficial
10.AnsContents of popliteal fossa includes pectoral region
a. deep peroneal nerve c. extends from second to eight rib on the
b. femoral vessels midclavicular line
c. great saphenous nerve d. is apocrine type of gland
d. posterior cuteneous nerve of thigh e. is ectodermal in origin.
e. tibial nerve
Ans. a) T b)T c
Ans. a) Tb)F c) F d) Te)T DU-May, 2016
11. Right atrium receives venous blood from 1. Muscles of anterior abdominal wall
a. anterior cardiac vein
b. coronary sinus a. develop from myotome
b. assist in forceful inspiration
c. great cardiac vein c. support abdominal viscerae
d. pulmonary vein d. are supplied by lower six thoracic spinal nerves
e. superior venacava e. are extensors of vertebral column
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Fe) T
Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) Te) F
12. Trachea
a. bifurcates at suprasternal notch 2. Following are the nerve of lumbar plexus
a. genitofemoral nerve
b. develops from laryngotrachealdiverticulum b. nerve to piriformis
c. has C-shaped cartilaginous rings
d. has striated trachealis muscle c. nerve to psoas major
e. is lined by simple columnar d. pudendal nerve
Ans. a) F b) T c) T d) Te)F e. superior gluteal nerve
Ans. a) T b)F c)F d) F e) T
13. Nerves supplying parietal pleura include 3. Free margin of lesser omentum contains
a. greater splanchníc nerve
b. intereostal nerve a. portal vein
c. phrenic nerve b. hepatic artery
c. cystic artery
d. spinal accessory nerve
d. bile duct
e. vagus nerve
Ans. a) F b) T c) T d)F e)F e. common hepatic duct
14. Left coronary artery Ans. a) T b) Fc) T d) Te) T
4. Derivatives of mesonephric duct in male include
a. arises from left posterior aortic sinus
b. is a content of posterior interventicular groove a. glomerulus
C. supplies sternocostal surface by its anterior b. major calyx
interventricular branch c. seminal vesicle
d. is a functional end artery d. membranous part of urethra
e. supplies most part of conducting tissue: e. ureter
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d)T e) F Ans. a) F b) T c) T d) Fe) T
15. Oesophagus 5. Prostate gland
a. begins at the lower border of C6 vertebra a. is related to the neck of urinary bladder
b. lies posterior to trachea in its cervical part b. is traversed by ejaculatory ducts
c. is a midgut derivative c. releases its secretion by sympathetic stimulation
d. is lined by simple columnar d. within its true capsule lies prostatic venous
e. has glands in its submucous coat plexus
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) F e) T e. has little glandular tissue in its anterior lobe
16. Brachialis musele Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Fe) F
 85
Anatomy Paper : II

6. Medial rotators of hip joint include Ans. a) T b)F c) F d) Fe) F

a. gluteus medius 14. Regarding bronchopulmonary segment of lung
b. gluteus minimus a. each segment is aerated by secondary bronchus
c. gracilis b. each segment is pyramidal in shape
d. obturator internus c. arteries are intersegmental
e. tensor fascia lata d. veins are intrasegmental
Ans. a) F b) F c)T d) T e)F e. posterior segment of upper lobe is more prone to
infection
7. Female artery
a. is a large artery Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) Te)F
b. continues as tibial artery 15. Phrenic nerve
c. has arteria profunda brachia a. gives sensory supply to epicardium
b. is derived from C6 ?>8 spinal cord segments
d. is a content of femoral sheath
c. is a content of posterior mediastium
e. is used for cardiac catheterization
d. provides motor supply to the diaphragm
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) F e) F
e. supply mediastinal pleura
8. Soleus muscle is Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) T
a. an antigravity muscle 16. Median nerve supplies the following muscles
b. a circumpennate muscle a. flexor carpi ulnaris
c. attached to the posterior surface of the tibia b. dorsal interossei
d. the chief dorsiflexor of foot c. first lumbrical
e. supplied by tibial nerve d. flexor digitorum superficialis
Ans. a) T b) ? c) T d) Fe) T e. palmar interossei
9. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes receive lymph from Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) Te) F
a. anterior abdominal wall below the umbilicus 17. Structures passing superficial to flexor
b. gluteal region retinaculum of hand are

c. glans penis a. flexor carpi radialis

d. scrotum b. median nerve
e. little toes c. palmaris longus tendon
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Te) T d. tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis
10. Retroperitoneal structure include e. ulnar nerve
a. liver Ans. a) F b) F c) T d) F e) T
b. kidney 18. Basilic vein

c. stomach a. begins at the anatomical snuffbox

d. spleen b. ends by joining subclavian vein
e. descending colon c. is medial to biceps brachii in upper arm
Ans. a) F b)T c) F d)F e)T d. pierces the clavipectoral fascia
11. 1st intercostal Nerve e. is devoid of valves

a. is the continuation of ventral rami of 1st thoracic nerve Ans. a)Fb)Tc)Td)Fe) F

b. is a typical interior nerve 19. Muscles producing flexion of shoulder joint include
c. is related to the anterior surface of the neck of 1st rib a. clavicular part of pectoralis major
d. provided lateral cutaneous branch b. clavicular part of deltoid
e. is connected to sympathetic chain by rami c. latissmus dorsi
communicates d. subscapularis
Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Te) T e. teres major
12. Intratrial septum develops from the following Ans. a) Tb) F c) T d) F e) F
sources
20. Derivatives of septum transversum
a. conus septum
a. central tendon of the diaphragm
b. right venous valve b. parenchyma of liver
c. fibrous pericardium
c. septum intermedium d. epicardium
**d. septum primum e. costal pleura
e. septum secundum Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) F e) F
Ans. a)F b)F c) T d) Te) T
13. Tributaries of superior venacava include
a. azygos vein
b. bronchial veins
c. hemiazygos vein
d. pericardial veins
e. right brachiocephalic vein

and-s
 86 Anatomy Paper : II

TERM FINAL QUESTIONS OF DIFFERENT MEDICAL COLLEGES

DHAKA MEDICAL COLLEGE
Department of Anatomy
2nd Term Final Examination (SAQ)
Batch K - 77

Group - A
1. Describe the process of development of kidney mentioning its congenital anomalies Why kidney ascends
during development
2. Give an account of histological structure of vermiform appendix. Write notes on exocrine part of pancreas.
3. Describe the process of development of the pancreas. How does annular pancreas occ
4. Draw and label the microscopic structure of
a. hepatic lobule b. urinary bladder
5. Write briefly on: a. rotation of stomach b. gastric gland
6. Mention the histological differences between the following TWO terms (use diagram)
a. Vill' and 'microvilli' b. proximal convoluted tubules' and 'distal convoluted tubules'
Group - B
1. Describe inguinal canal mentioning its boundaries, extension and contents. Why is femoral hernia common in
female?
2. Write down the origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions biceps femoris and tibialis anterior.
3. State the made of artery supply of the uterus. Mention the nerve supply of the urinary bladder.
4. Give an account of steps of dissection of femoral triangle mentioning its boundaries and conter How is
venous return of the lower limb maintained?
5. Write briefly on:
a. falciform ligamen definition, attachment and contents b. pelvic diaphragm-formation and functions.
12. Explain anatomically
a. pectinate line of anal canal is an important landmark.
b. extravasation of urine in rupture urethra never extends to thigh.
c. medial meniscus is more susceptible to injury than lateral one.
3rd Term Final Examination (SAQ)
Batch K-76

Group - A
1.
Describe the developmental process of the stomach. Mention the derivatives of ventral & dorsal pancreatic bud.
2. Draw and label the anterior relations of the right kidney. List the developmental anomalies of kidney. Why kidney ascends?
3. Classify voluntary muscle according to the direction of muscle fibers with example. What do you mean by
prime mover and antagonist
4.
Describe the formation and contents of rectus sheath. Draw and label the histological structure of classic hepatic lobule.
5.
Describe the interior of the anal canal. State the boundary and contents of ischiorectal fossa.
6.
Explain anatomically/embryologically, why
a) pain is initially felt around the umbilicus in acute appendicitis.
b) pouch of Douglas is clinically important. c) inguinal hernia is common in male.
Group - B
7.
Describe the steps of dissection of femoral triangle mentioning its boundaries and contents. Why femoral
hernia is common in female.
2. Define dermatome. Draw and label dermatome of lower limb
3.
Describe the developmental ocess of the lower limb. Mention its developmental anomalies.
4.
What do you mean by arches of the foot? Mention its type.Describe the formation, maintenance and
importance of lateral longitudinal arch of the foot.
5.
Explain anatomically
a) deep peroneal nerve injury causes foot drop b) lower end of fibula violates the law of ossification
c) soleus muscle is called peripheral heart
6.
Write briefly on:
a) hip joint- formation and movements b) modification of the deep fascia of the thigh
2rd Term Final Examination (SAQ)
Batch K - 76

Group - A
1.
Describe the developmental process of testis. Name the factorsresponsible for transformation of indefinite
2.
gonad into definite gonad.
3.
How physiological herniation of midgut occurs ? What is omphalocele?
Draw and label the histological structure
a gastric gland b. Graafian follide c. gall bladder
4.
Describe the light microscopic features of nephron mentioning the specific features of each of its parts.
5.
Mention the importance of the rones of portal acinus.
Classify capillary with example. Haw the lymph capillary differs from the blood capillary? What is end artery?
 Anatomy Paper: II 87

6. Explain anatomically, why/how

a.mucous membrane of the gut provides extensive surface area for absorption b. kidney ascends.
c. flexor compartment of upper limb faces anteriorly while lower limb faces posteriory.
Group - B
7.
Write down the boundaries, extension and contents of the inguinal Canal. What is hernia?
8.
Give an account on the supports and mode of arterial supply of the uterus with diagram
Draw and label
9.

a. different regions of the abdomen. b. relations of the right lateral surface of the liver
c. sites of porto systemic anastomosis.
10.
Write down the origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of the quadriceps femoris muscles. What is foot drop?
11.
Describe the arrangement and area of drainage of the superficial inguinal lymph nodes. How the venous
return from the lower limb is maintained? State the clinical importance of great saphenous vein.
12.
Describe the interior of the anal canal. Explain why external haemorrhoids are painful?
Department of Anatomy
2nd Term Final Examination (SAQ)-Histology
Batch K-76
Group - A
1.
Name the celis present in the mucosa of stomach with their functions. Describe the histological structure of
vermiform appendix.
2. Draw and label the histological structure of
a. urinary bladder b. hepatic lobule c. prostate gland
3.
Differentiate between the terms plica circularis, villi and microvill.Mention the formation and functions of
glomerular filtration barrier.
4.
Give an account of histological structure of ductus deferens.Distinguish histologically between the body of
the uterus and cervix. What do you mean by juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)?
5. Write briefly on a. pancreatic acini b. blood testis barrier
6. Explain anatomically,why
a. fallopian tube is lined by ciliated columnar epithelium b.goblet cellis numerous in large intestine.
c.lack of secretion of gastric parietal cell may lead to pernicious anemia.
of
2nd Term Final Examination (SAQ), October - 2018
Batch K-75

Group - A
1.
Describe the process of development of kidney mentioning its comgenital anomalies. Why kidney ascends during development?
2. Describe the process of development of pancreas. How annular pancreas occurs? Mention the sources of
development of urinary bladder.
3. Give an account of general histolgical plan of different layers of GIt, Draw and label a parietal cell.
4. Draw and label the histological structure of. a. hepatic lobule b. renal tubules
5. Write briefly on:
a. histological structure of seminiferous tubules. b. derivatives of mesonephric duct in male.
6. Name the components and functions of lymphatic system. Enumerate the differences between artery and vein.
Group - B
7. Draw and label the regions of the abdomen. Name the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall. Mention the
contents of rectus sheath.
8. Write down the origin, insertion nerve supply and actions of superficial muscles on the back of the leg in a tabulated form.
9. State the mode of arterial supply of uterus. Mention the sites of porto systemic anastomoses and the veins
participating in it.
10. Give an account of steps of dissection of femoral triangle. What is femoral canal? Give its clinical importance.
11. Write briefly on: a. the mesentery its extension and contents. b. sciatic nerve its formation and distribution.
12. Explain anatomically. why
a. pectinate line of analcanal is an important landmark. b. gangrene is common in appendicitis.
c. medial meniscus is more susceptible to injury than lateral one.
Department of Anatomy
1st Term Final Examination (SAQ) 2017 (K-74)
Group A
1. Define gastrulation. Write down the process of gastrulation. Mention the results of fertilization.
2. Explain using your knowledge of embryology:-i) why second week of human development is called the week
of twos. ii) third to eight weeks of embryogenesis is critical for normal development.
3. Classify glandular epithelium with example. Draw and label the different types of squamous epithelium.
4. Explain anatomically:
i) Intercalated disc is present in cardiac muscle
ii) Why fibroblast contains abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum?
5. Define joint. Classify joints according to the axis of movement with example. What is Hilton's låw?
6. Define primary and secondary ossification center. Describe the artery supply of a growing long bone.
88 Anatomy Paper : II

Group-B
7. Write down the formation and posterior relations ofthe base of the heart. Draw and label the artery supply of
heart showing the different branches of coronary arteries.
8. Describe steps of dissection of a typical intercostal space mentioning its boundaries and contents. Why
pleural fluid is aspirated through upper border of the lower rib in the 9th intercostals space?
9. Define bronchopulmonary segment. Draw and label the bronchopulmonary segments of both lungs.
10. Define dermatome. Mention the effect of lesion of

i) radial nerve in arm.

ii) median nerve at the wrist.
iii) ulnar nerve in hand.
11. Write down the origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of the following muscles:
(i) deltoid and (ii) pectoralis major
12. Write briefly on:
i) venous drainage of the upper limb.
ii) lymphatic drainage of the breast.
Department of Anatomy
2ndTem Final Examination (SAQ) 2017 (K-74)
Group-A
1. How the primitive gut tube is divided into different part? Enumerate the development of the stomach.
2. Describe the development of the testis. Write down the derivatives of the paramesonephric duct. What do you
mean by indifferent gonad?
3 Write down the developmental process of the kidney. State the parts and derivatives of the cloaca.
4. Write down the development of limb. What do you mean by syndactyly?
5. Draw and label the light microscopic features of -
i) gastric gland- mentioning different types of cells
ii) Graffian follicle.
6. Write down the histological structure of hepatic lobule. Mention the histological differences of jejunum and ileum.
7. Name the components and functions of the lymphatic system. Mention the different types of capillaries with
their distributions.
Group-B
8. Draw and label the regions of the abdomen. Name the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall. Mention the
contents of the rectus sheath.
9. Describe the venous drainage of the lower limb. Explain why leg vein possess valves.
10. Enumerate the mode of arterial supply and supports of the uterus.
11. Describe the steps of dissection of the femoral triangle. Mention the formation and contents of femoral
sheath.

12. Explain anatomically/ developmentally, why:

i) duodenum is supplied by the branches of both coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric artery.
ii) femoral hernia is common in female.
iii) appendicular pain is usually first felt in the umbilical region.
13. Write briefly on:
i) the mesentery- its extension and contents.
ii) sciatic nerve- its formation and distribution.
14. Write down the origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of hamstring group of muscles in a tabulated form.

Sir Salimullah Medical College

Department of Anatomy
1st Term Final MBBS Examination of May 2021,49th Batch
Group A
1. Define gametogenesis. Write down the stages of the oogenesis. Draw & label a mature ovarian follicle.
2. Classify covering epithelium with example. Draw & label the different types of squamous epithelium.
3. Draw and label the histological structure of
i) Hyaline cartilage ii)Cardiac muscle cell iii)Loose areolar tissue
4. Define gastrulation. Write down the process of gastrulation. Mention the results of fertilization.
5. Define primary & secondary ossification center. Describe the artery supply of a developing long bone. What is growing end?
6. Detine joint. Write down the characteristic features of synovial joint. Classify synovial joint according to the
axis of movements with example,
 Anatomy Paper : II 89

7. Explain anatomically, how/why

i) alveolus is lined by simple squamous epithelium ii) 2nd week is called "week of two's"
iii) metaphysis of a growing long bone is more prone to infection
Group - B

8. Write down the formation and posterior relations of base of the heart. Mention the origin, course and branches of left coronary artery.
9. Write down the relations of medial surface of the right lung (use diagram). State the effects of autonomic
nervous system on lung. Mention the clinical importance of bronchopulmonary segments.
10. Describe the venous drainage of the upper limb (use diagram). Why is median cubital vein preferred for intravenous use?
11. Describe the origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of the superficial group of muscles of the front of the
forearm in a tabulated form.
12. Draw & label -i) the brachial plexus ii) the bronchopulmonary segments of right lung
13. Write down the boundaries and contents of the cubital fossa. What is anntomical snuff box?
14. A 16-year-old boy arrived at an emergency department holding his left arm adducted closed to his chest and
supporting it with his right hand. He gave a history of fall on outstretched hand. On examination, a painful
swelling on the left eluvicular region with drooping of the shoulder was found.From x-ray findings he was
diagnosed as a case of fracture clavicle.Using your knowledge of anatomy, answer the following questions:
a. Which area of the affected bone was most likely to be fractured and why?
b. What were the arrangement of the medial and lateral segments of fractured bone?
c. What are the structures that are likely to be injured in such a case?.
Department of Anatomy
1st Term Final MBBS Examination,46th Batch
Group A
1. Define 'ovulation', 'cleavage' l'implantation'? How oocyte is transported into the uterine tube after ovulation?
What is ectopic pregnancy?
2. Draw and label the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure. What are the types and functions of
endoplasmic reticulum?
71 3. Write down the characteristic features of epithelial tissue. Classify gland on the basis of mode of secretion with
examples. Draw a fibroblast and mention its function.
4. Compare the skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle in a tabulated form. What do you mean by 'compound joint'
and 'complex joint'?
5. Write briefly on: i) types of epiphysis with example. ii) Haversian systems in compact bone.
6. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy, why:
i) 2nd week ofdevelopment is known as the week of 2's. ii) crossing over occurs in meiotic I cell division.
iii) lysosome is called suicidal bag. iv) body of the vertebra is a modified long bone.
Group B
1. Draw and label the broncho- pulmonary segments of right lung. Name the cells of alveoli mentioning their
functions. What do you mean by broncho-vascular unit?
'

2. State the formation, relation, normal position and blood supply of the apex of the heart. Draw and label the
venous drainage of heart.
3. Name the thenar and hypothenar muscles with their nerve supply. Give the actions of lumbricals and
interosseous muscles. What is 'frozen shoulder'?
4. Draw and label:
i) dermatome of upper limb.
ii) lymphatic drainage from parenchyma of female breast.

5. Write briefly on:

i) formation, branches and distribution of typical intercostal nerve.
ii) boundaries and contents of cubital fossa.
6. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy, why.
i) infections are more common in the right lung.
ii) pain of myocardial infarction commonly radiates along the inner side of the left arm.
iii) intramuscular injections should be given in the middle of the deltoid muscle.
iv) the most common site of fracture of clavicle is the junction between the medial 2/3rd and lateral '/3rd of the bone.
90
Anatomy Paper : II

Department of Anatomy
2nd Term Final MBBS Examination; (46th Batch)
Group A
1. Draw and label the different parts of cardiovascular system. Mention the functional classification of blood
vessels with example, What is 'vasa vasorum'?
2.
What are the components of lymphatic system? Give the differences between blood capillaries and lymph
capillaries. Why spleen is called a hemolymph organ?
3. Write in short the development of kidney. Mention its congenital anomalies. Why kidney changes its
developmental position.
4. Draw and label: i) Light microscopic structure of testis. ii) Light microscopic structure of gall bladder.
5. Write briefly on.i) Portosystemic anastomoses. ii) Derivatives of paramesonephric duct.
6. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy, why:
i) abdominal aorta is an elastic artery. ii) head of the femur is a pressure epiphysis.
iii) transverse colon is supplied by the branches of superior and inferior mesenteric arteries.
iv) flexor surface of upper limb is directed ventrally and that of lower limb is directed dorsally.
Group B
1. Describe the lymphatic drainage of stomach. What is 'gastric canal'? Give its clinical importance.
2. Mention the supports and mode of arterial supply of uterus. Define implantation and at what stage of
development implantation occur.
3. Enumerate the functional compartments of the leg. Name the muscles of the compartments with nerve supply.
Why running is impossible in cut injury to tendoachilis?
4. Draw and label the venous drainage of lower limb. Name the factors responsible for venous return from lower
limb. How venous return from lower limb differs from that of upper limb?
5. Write briefly on:
i) boundary and contents of inguinal canal. ii) formation and functions of medial longitudinal arch.
6. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy. why:
i) pouch of Douglas is clinically important
ii) needle biopsy of liver is approached through the right 9th of 10th intercostal space at the mid-axillary line.
iii) extravasation of urine in rupture urethra never extends to upper thigh.
iv) medial meniscus is injured frequently than lateral one.
SHAHEED SUHRAWARDY MEDICAL COLLEGE
1st Term Final Examination (SAQ) Batch: ShSMC-16.
Group A
1. 2.

Describe the events occurring during the prophase of Ist meiotic cell division. What is polar body.
Distinguish histologically different types of muscular tissue. Mention the functions of bone cells.
3. Classify covering epithelium with examples. Mention the structure of the Golgi apparatus
4. Draw and label the microscopic structure of:
i) loose connective tissue ii)compact bone
5. What are the events take place during 2 week of embryo. Write about the different types of placental villi.
6. Explain anatomically why:
i) formation of primitive streak marks the start of gastrulation.
ii) capacitation is necessary for fertilization. iii) matrix of hyaline cartilage appears homogenous under microscope.
7. Instruction-Please read the following case history and write your answer(s) according to the marks breakdown.
Case history-A mother with her male neonate attended the neonatal care unit of ShSMC with_complaints of
continuous coughing and gagging. A paediatrician noted that the neonate's mouth was full of saliva and he had
difficulty in breathing. The paediatrician was unable to pass a catheter through the esophagus into the stomach.
Question
a. What birth defect would be suspected?
b. Mention the embryologic basis of these defects.
c. Why did the neonate develop breathing difficulty?
Group-B

1. Draw and label the broncho pulmonary segments of left lung Mention the types and functions of cells of alveoli.
2. How is interventricular septum is formed? Describe the interior of right atrium of heart.
3. Give the origin and insertion of muscles of the diaphragm. State the nerve supply of the diaphragm with the dinical importance.
4. What are axial lines and what is its importance? Draw and label the dermatome of upper limb.
5. Write down the origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of the following muscles
i) pectoralis major ii) brachialis
6. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy why/how
i) pleural fluid is aspirated through upper border of lower rib in 9th intercostal space.
ii) metastasis from cancer of the breast usually occurs in axillary lymph nodes, but it may develop in the
supraclavicular lymph nodes, opposite breast, liver or in the abdomen.
iii) the deltoid muscle is preferred site for intramuscular injection in the upper limb.
 Anatomy Paper : II 91

7. Instruction-Please read the following case history and write your answer(s) according to the marks breakdown.
Case history-In a Coronary Care Unit (CCU) of a tertiary-care hospital, a 40-year-old male patient was
diagnosed as 'Myocardial Infarction (MI)'. The CT Coronary Angiogram (CTCT) revealed that the patient had
"left coronary predominance' and 'a blockage at proximal LAD (anterior interventricular branch)".
Question
a. Which portion of the heart would be affected in that patient?
b. 'If the blockage would be found in the trunk of the left coronary artery, the patient would have more risk to
develop output failure of systemic circulation'- justify the statement.
3rd Term Final Examination (SAQ) Batch: ShSMC-15.
Group A
1. Classify receptors with examples. Give the functions of neuroglial cells of CNS and PNS
2. Write down the process of myelination, what are the functions of myelin sheath?
3. Describe developmental process of tongue. Explain the nerve supply of tongue on developmental background.
4. Give the boundaries and contents of carotid triangle. How the nasal septum is formed? What is the clinical
importance of little's area?
5. Describe the development and histological structure of thyroid gland. How the thyroglossal cyst is formed?
6. Explain anatomically why/how:
i) black eye occurs in the scalp injury ii) inflammation of parotid gland is painful
iii) cranial meningeal dura is divided into different folds
7. Write briefly on:
i) Refractive media of the eye ii) Histological structure of lymphnode iii) Waldeyer's ring
Group-B
1. What is lemniscus? Name the ascending and descending tracts of spinal cord.Mention the location, origin,
termination and functions of lateral spinothalamic tract.
2. Draw and label the transverse section of the midbrain at the level of inferior colliculi.Name the nuclei of
hypothalamus with their functions.
3. Mention the layers of the cerebral cortex. Draw and label the functional areas located in the frontal lobe with
Brodmann numbers.

4. Name the parts and functions of basal ganglia, what are the functions of extrapyramidal system? What do you
mean by upper and lower motor neurons?
5. What are the functional components of the trigeminal nerve? Draw and label the areas of the face supplied by
the trigeminal nerve. What is trigeminal neuralgia?
6. Explain anatomically why/how:
i) nystagmus occurs in the cerebellar lesion ii) in lower motor neuron lesion of hypoglossal nerve, the tongue is
deviated to the same side.
iii) spinal cord injury in the cervical region at the level of 30 segment can cause sudden death
7. Write briefly on: i) Blood-brain barrier ii) Circle of Willis ii) Development of ependymal cells
2nd Term Final Examination (SAQ) Batch: ShSMC-15.
Group A
1. Name the derivatives of midgut? Write down the steps of midgut rotation. What is omphalocele?
2. Describe the developmental process of the collecting part of kidney. Why the kidney ascend from pelvic region
to abdomen? What do you mean by polycystic kidney?
3. Deline anastomosis. Mention the types with location. What is end artery?
4. Draw and label: i) vermiform appendix. ii)prostate.
5. Draw and label the histological structure of hepatic lobule. Mention the derivatives of pancreatic bud with its
developmental anomaly.
6. Explain anatomically why/how:
i) indirect inguinal hernia develops. ii) tight junction is present in urothelium.
iii) fibula violates the law of ossification.
7. Write briefly on:i) placental barrier-structure and function. ii) blood testis barrier.
Group-B
1. Write about the boundaries and contents of femoral triangle (use diagram). What is femoral canal? What is the
significance of femoral canal?.
2. Write down the difference between jejunum and ilium. Describe the interior of the second part of duodenum.
3. Write in a tabulated form the origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of the following muscle
i) gluteus maximus ii) sartorius iii) popliteus
4. How male pelvis differs from female pelvis? Why testis descends into scrotum? Draw and label the anterior
relation of left kidney.
5. Give an account of the lymphatic drainage of stomach. Why is lesser curvature susceptible to gastric ulcer?
6. Explain anatomically why:
i) ureter is in danger of being damaged during hysterectomy. ii) varicose vein is coinmon in prolonged standing working person.
ii) the parietal peritoneum is sensitive to cut and prick, while visceral peritoneumn is not
7. Write briefly on: i) lymphatic drainage of lower limb ii) white pulp.
92
Anatomy Paper : II

1st Term Final Examination (SAQ) Batch: ShSMC-13.

Group A
1. Define fertilization and mention its results. What is non-disjunction? List the derivatives of infracniloyonie mosoderm.
2. Define implantation. Mention the day by day account of the major events of second week of development fuse
diagram.What do you mean by ectopic pregnancy?
3. Classify covering epithelium with examples. What is basement membrane? Write down the histological
sufferences between different types of cartilages.
4. Draw & label the:

i) Haversian system of bone ii) mnochondria iii) different types of connective lissue cell.
5. Classify synovial joint with example. Draw & label the different parts of a developing long bone. Mention the types of epiplysis with examples.
6. Explain anatomically why
i) intercalated disc is present in cardiac muscle ii) centriole is esscntial for cell division.
iii) periosteum takes part in the repair of fractures
7. Write briefly on: i)triad ii)capacitation iii)cell surface modification
Group-B
1. How an intercostals nerve is formed. Give its course, branches & area of supply.
2. Give an account of the interior of the ritht ventricle. Write down the locations of the conducting system of heart.
Name the tributaries of coronary sinuses.
3. Write in a tabulated from the origin, insertion, nerve supple & action of: i) pectoralis major ii) triceps brachii
4. Mentioning the formation, movements & muscles. producing different movements of shoulder joint. What is
prime mover and synergistic?
5. Define dermatome. Give the importance of axial line. Draw & label dermatome of upper limb showing the axial lines.
6. Explain anatomically/ histologically why:
i) clavicle is a modified long bone. ii) right lung is more prone to infection
iii) elbow joint mermits only flexion and extension
7. Write briefly on;
) becipital aponeurosis ii) pulmonary ligament. iii) suprapleural membrane.
i

Department of Anatomy
2nd Term Final Examination (SAQ); Batch ShsMC-13
1. Name the different parts of gut tube. Write down its derivatives. What is physiological hernia?
2. Draw and label the histological structure of hepatic lobule. Mention the derivatives of pancreatic buds with its
developmental anomaly.
3. Mention the difference between artery and vein, Draw and label the histological structure of medium size artery. What is end artery?
4. Classify gland on the basis of mode of secretion with example, What is portal circulation? Mention its types with location.
5. Draw and label the histological structure of
i) duodenum ii) lymph node
6. Explain anatomically why:
i) pouch ofDouglas is clinically important ) fibula violates the law of ossification
iii)oesophagus is lined by nonkeratinised stratified squamous epithelium.
7. Write briefly on: i) red pulp and white pulp ) mucous and serous acini iii) villi and microvilli
Group - B
1. Describe the lymphatic drainage of stomach. Mention its developmental sources. What is duodenal cap? Write
down the different positions of vermiform appendix.
2. Write about the formation and contents of rectus sheath. Mention the difference between direct and indirect hernia.

3. Name the muscles of different functional compartment of thigh with their nerve supply. Explain
developmentally why extensor compartment of lower limb is directed anteriorly?
4. Write down the interior of urinary bladder. Draw and label the anterior relation of both kidney. What do you
mean by poly cystic kidney?
5. Mention the parts and mode of artery supply of uterus. Write down the layers and nerve supply of scrotum.
6. Explain anatomically: i) how testes descend to scrotum. ii) lesser trochanter is an example of traction epiphysis.
iii) prolong standing leads to varicose vein in the leg intravenous route
7. Write briefly on:
i) origin insertion and nerve supply of invertors of foot ii) difference between male and female pelvis
 Anatomy Paper : II 93

Department of Anatomy
Mugda Medical College
1st Term Final Examination (SAQ); Batch M-6
Group - A
1. What are the changes occur in zygote during first week of development? What is acrosomal reaction and capacitation?
2. Write the light microscopic structure of compact bone. What do you mean by the growing end' of a long bone?
3. Give the parts and arterial supply of respiratory unit of lung. What is structural and functional difference
between conducting and respiratory zone?
4. Describe tine distribution and supply of right coropary arterial supply of Heart Use diagram, What is plum and
bucket handle movement?

5. Explain anatomically developmentally/histologically

a) Periosteum plays role in formation of nex bone. b) SA node is called the pace maker of heart.
c) Fibrous pericardium and central tendon of diaphragm has same nerve supply.
d) Sternel angle is an important landmark
7. Write briefly on: a) Typical intercostal Nerve b)Thoracic duct.
Group-- B
8. Classify connective tissue. Name the connective tissue cell with their functions.
9. Give in a tabulated form about the origin, insertion and nerve supply and actions of the following muscles
i) Lumbricals ii) Triceps
10. Name the Axillary group of lymph node and the area of drainage with diagram, Give the clinical importance of
it's lymphatic drainage.
11. Give the types, structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum.Give the boundary and contents of Cubital fossa.
12. Explain anatomically embryologically--why/how
a) Lower part of deltoid muscle is preferred for intramuscular injection
b) Dislocation of shoulder joint is common
c)injury to the nerve of Bell product winging of the scapula. d) Brachial artery is clinically important
13. Write briefly on a) Anatomical stuff box- boundaries and contents

14. A baby was delivered by vaginal delivery. 1 weeks later the parents took the baby for check-up. The pediatrician
found the baby's right arm was medially rotated adducted while his forearm was extended. pronated and sensory
loss on the lateral aspect of the right upper limb.
a) Which trunk in involved for this position of limb? Name the clinical condition.
b) which muscle is paralyzed that's why developed addiction of arm and pronation of forarm?
Department of Anatomy
3st Term Final Examination (SAQ); Batch M-5th
Group - A
1. Write down the derivatives of pharyngeal arches in a tabulated form.
2. Write down the boundaries and contents of the middle ear cavity. Give the histological structure of the thyroid gland with diagram.
3. Describe the parts, extensions and nerve supply of pharynx. Write down the layers of scalp. Give the clinical
importance of the dangerous area of face.
4. Write down the development of tongue. Write down the boundaries and contents of the carotid triangle. What is black eye?
5. Explain anatomically/developmentally/histologically why/how:
a. Bleeding from scalp injury is profuse b. Vocal cord is lined by non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
c. Facial artery is tortuous d.Parotid gland swelling is very painful
6. Write short notes on: a. Maxillary air sinus b. Orbit
Group - B
8. Give the origin, course, termination and effects of lesion of pyramidal tract. State the functions of limbic system.
9. Draw and label the transverse section of the midbrain at the level of the superior colliculi. Give the histological
structure of the cerebellum.

10. Name the parts of the basal nuclei. Give its functions. Give the blood supply of the superolateral surface of cerebrum.
11. Mention the formation, circulation and absorption of CSF. Write briefly on the visual pathway.
12. Explain anatomically developmentally/histologically why/how:
a. Internal capsule is an example of projection fibre b. Death occurs in hanging
c. Spinal cord does not extend the whole length of the vertebral canal in an adult.
d. Cornea receives its nutrition despite being avascular
13. Write short notes on: a. Circle of Willis b.Layers of retina.
94
Anatomy Paper : II

Department of Anatomy
2nd Term Final Examination (SAQ); Batch M-5th
Group - A
1.
Give the process of development of stomach with diagram. Name the derivatives of foregut.
2. Draw and label the microscopic structure of a Graafian follicle. Why does testis descend into the scrotum?
3. Give an account of the mode of blood supply of the small intestine with diagram. What are the clinical
conditions related to the anal canal?
4.
Write about the structure of the classical hepatic lobule with diagram. Mention the extensions and contents of the mesentery.
5. Explain anatomically developmentally/histologically why/how:
a Pancreas is a mixed gland b Hepatic veins give support to the liver
c Transitional epithelium is present in the urinary bladder d Pouch of Douglas is clinically important
6. Write short notes on:a. White pulp and red pulp b. Location and formation of portosystemic
anastomoses.

a. White pulp and red pulp b. Location and formation of portosystemic anastomoses.
Group - B
7. Mention the components of the lymphatic system.Give the light microscopic structures, features and functions
of the following using diagram: a. Lymph node b. Hyaline cartilage
8. Give the formation and maintenance of the arches of foot. What is flat foot? [6+2]

9. Name the dorsiflexors and plantar flexors of foot, mentioning their nerve supply and the joint on which they act. What is foot drop?
10. Give the origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of the following muscles:
A. Rectus femoris b. Peroneus longus
11. Explain anatomically developmentally/histologically why/how:
a.Varicose vein develops in prolonged standing b.Infection of a long bone affects primarily the metaphysis
c.Sartorius is called the tailor muscle d.Dorsalis pedis artery is clinically important
12. Write short notes on: a.Formation, course and distribution of the femoral nerve b. Tendo-Achilles

Department of Anatomy
1st Term Final Examination (SAQ); Batch M-5th
Group - A
1. What changes occur in the zygote during the first week of development? Why is the second week of
development called the week of two's?
2. Mention the course and branches of the right coronary artery. Describe the interior of the right ventricle.
3. Name the parts of parietal pleura mentioning their blood and nerve supplies. Mention the structural and
functional differences between conducting and respiratory zones of the respiratory tract.
4. Mention the boundaries and contents of the superior mediastinum. Write down the venous drainage of posterior
thoracic wall.

5. Explain anatomically developmentally/histologically why/how:

a. Anginal pain is felt along the medial border of arm and forearm
b. Pleural fluid is aspirated through the upper border of the lower rib of the 9th intercostal space.
c. Coronary arteries are called functional end-arteries
d. Lung alveoli are lined by simple squamous epithelium
6. Write short notes on:a. Pleural recesses b. Typical intercostal space.
Group - B
7. Name the membrane-bound cell organelles. Write about the characteristic features of epithelial tissue. Give the
differences between mitotic and meiotic cell divisions.
8. Name the axillary group of lymph nodes and their area of drainage with diagram. Write down the boundaries
and contents of cubital fossa.

9. Draw and label brachial plexus. How is the stability of shoulder joint maintained?
10. Give in short the formation, course and distribution of the median nerve. Name the muscles responsible for
supination and pronation with their nerve supply.
11. Explain anatomically/developmentally/histologically why/how:
a. Ulnar nerve palsy leads to ulnar claw hand b. Dislocation of the shoulder joint is common
c. Lower part of deltoid muscle is referred for intramuscular injection. d Brachial artery is clinically important
b. Rotator cuff
12. Write short notes on:a. Carpal tunnel syndrome
 Anatomy Paper : II 95

Mymensingh Medical College

SAQ of First Term Examination
1st Term Examination of M-53
1. Classify joints with example Give the characteristic features of synovial joints. Give the structure & functions
of periosteum.
2. Draw and label the brachial plexus. What is Erb's paralysis?
3. Give the lymphatic drainage of female breast. what is peau d'orange ?
4. Give the attachment & nerve supply of the muscles producing pronation at radioulnar joints. What is claw hand?
5. Draw & label the bronchopulmonary segments of left lung. Give the layers & function of respiratory membrane.
6. Name the junctional tissues of the heart with their location and blood supply. Give the histological
characteristics of cardiac muscle & medium sized artery.
7. Describe the typical intercostal space. Give the venous drainage of posterior thoracic wall.
8. Define mediastinum. Give the boundary and contents of superior mediastinum. Mention the importance of sternal angle.
9. Describe the events which occur in the second week of intrauterine life. What is ectopic pregnancy?
10. Classify glandular epithelium with example. Give the components of gray matter.
11. Briefly describe the development of upper limb. Name six congenital anomalies of upper limb.
12. Give the origins of the diaphragm. Mention its nerve supply.
13. Write short note on any four of the followings:
i) Coronary sinus ii) Suprapleural membrane iii) Clavipectoral fascia
iv) Flexor retinaculumv) Haversian system vi) Pleural recess
SHER-E-BANGLA MEDICAL COLLEGE, BARISAL
Department of Anatomy
1st Term Final Examination Batch; SB - 52th
Group - A
1. Draw and label parts of growing long bone. Mention its artery supply.
2. What is gland? Classify gland according to mode and nature of secretion with example.Name the connective tissue cells.
3. Why the 2nd week of development is called the week of twos? What is spermiogenesis?
4. Define and classify muscle. Mention the differences of cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle in a tabulated form.
5. Draw and label microscopic structure of:- i) compact bone ii) loose connective tissue
6. Explain embryologically/ anatomically/ histologically why/how.
i) sebaceous gland is a holocrine type of gland. ii) crossing over occurs in meiotic cell division.
iii) alveoli is lined by simple squamous epithelium.
7. Write briefly on: i)corpus luteum ii) transitional epithelium
Group - B
1. Draw and label brachial plexus. What will be the effect when ulnar nerve is compressed against medial epicondyle?
2. Mention the steps of dissection of cubital fossa with its boundary and contents. State the clinical importance of
median cubital vein.
3. Mention the major openings of the diaphragns with vertebral level. What are the structures passing through
them? Give the nerve supply of the diaphragm.
4. Draw and label the broncho-pulmonary segments of right lung. What is the importance broncho-pulmonary segment?
5. Give the origin, course, area of distribution of left coronary artery of heart. What is the importance of transverse sinus?
6. Explain embryologically/ anatomically/ histologically why/how.
i) injury to the nerve of Bell produce winging of scapula.
ii) left dominance is of heart is worse than the right dominance different diameters of thoracic cage is increased during inspiration.
7. Write briefly on:
i) Sternal angle - formation and clinical importance ii) Elbow joint - formation, type and muscle producing movements

Department of Anatomy
1st Term Final Examination Batch; SB-51th
Group - A
1. Define joint. Classify fibrous joint with example.
2. State the difference among skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle. What is motor unit?
3. What is lesser circulation? Mention the histological differences between large and medium sized artery. Define
end artery with examples.
4. Define pharyngeal pouch and arch? Mention the derivatives of pharyngeal pouches and arches.
5. Define Gametogenesis? Describe the steps of spermatogenesis. What is spermiogenesis?
96 Anatomy Paper : II

6.
What is gastrulation? Explain epiblast is the source of all three germ layers.
7. Explain anatomically, developmentally, clinically why/how
a) anencephaly occurs in neural tube defect. b) crossing over occurs in meiotic cell division.
c) cilia is present in the respiratory tract.
Group-B
1. Mention the functions, artery supply and histological structure of primary motor area of cerebral cortex. Give
the functions of thalamus.

2. Name the functional components of glossopharyngeal nerve. Write down the course and supply of nerve?
3. Draw and label of transverse section of mid brain at the level of superior colliculi.
4. Describe the development of face. Cleft lip is more common in which lip and why?
5. What are the refractive media of the eyeball? Describe the accommodation reflex. What is congenital aphakia?
6. Write down the development and histological structure of thyroid gland.
7. Explain anatomically, developmentally, clinically why/how
a) parotid swelling is painful. b) corpus callosum connects two cerebral hemisphere.
c) facial artery is tortuous nature
Department of Anatomy
1st Term Final Examination,SB - 48th
Group - A
1. Define organelle & inclusions. Enumerate the membrane bound organelles. Write down the differences between
organelles & inclusion bodies.
2. Classify covering epithelium with example. Give the characteristic features of epithelium.
3. Drew & label the
i) haversian system of compact bone. ii) blastocyst.
4. Define joint. Classify fibrous joints with example. What are the characteristic features of a synovial joint.
5. Give the parts & artery supply of a developing long bone. Write down the structures & functions of periosteum.
6. Define gametogenesis, fertilization & implantation. Write down the process of formation of notochord.
7. Explain from your knowledge of anatomy
i) why crossing over occurs in meiotic cell division? ii) 2nd week development is called week of two's.
iii) alveolus of lung is lined by simple squamous epithelium.
Group - B
8. Define dermatome. Draw & label the dermatome of upper limb.
9. Draw & label the brachial plexus. Mention the effects of radial nerve injury at radial groove of humerus.
10. Write in tabulated form the origin, insertion and nerve supply of the following muscle
i) deltoid. ii) lumbricals.
11. Give the boundary & contents of cubital fossa. Mention the clinical importance of median cubital vein.
12. How rotator cuff is formed? Give the nerve supply of structures forming the rotator cuff. Name muscles
producing pronation & supination of forearm with their nerve supply.
13. Give the artery supply of heart with diagram. Why heart attack is common?
14. Define bronchopulmonary segment. Draw and label the bronchopulmonary segment of left lung.
15. How the base of the heart is formed? Mention its posterior relation. Write briefly on pericardial sinus.
16. Write briefly on
i) lymphatic drainage of breast. ii) azygos vein - formation, areas of drainages & termination.

"And certainly did I create man from an extract ofclay. Then I made him as a Nutfah
(mixed drops ofthe male and female sexual discharge) in a safe lodging. then ofthat
fluid-drop (Nutfah) I created a leech-like clot (Alaq)"
[Qur'an, Al-Mumenoon (23) :14]
03
 Physiology Paper : I 97

PHYSIOLOGY
 :
I
98

Physiology

Paper
MARKS DISTRIBUTION
Full Marks-400

Component
Marks Total Marks

WRITTEN EXAMINATION

Paper- I- Formative 10+20+70 = 100

Assessment +

MCQ +SAQ
Paper - II- Formative 10+20+70=100

Assessment +
200

MCQ +SAQ

PRACTICAL EXAMINATION
OSPE
40

Traditional practical methods and experiments 50

Practical Note Book 10 100

ORAL EXAMINATION Board - I = 50

(Structured) 100

2 boards
Board - II = 50

Grand Total 400

Paper-I Paper-II
Group-A
Group-A
General Physiology Renal system
Blood
▸

▸ Body Fluid
Cardiovascular system Endocrine system
Reproductive system

Group-B
Group-B
▸ Respiratory system Nervous system
▸ Alimentary system Special sense
Temperature Regulation

And seek the Forgiveness of Allah, certainly; Allah is Ever Oft

Forgiving, Most Merciful. (An-Nisa : 106)
 Physiology Paper : I 99

PHYSIOLOGY
PAPER-I

Contents

General Physiology.... 100

Blood.
102

Cardiovascular System. 104

Respiratory System 107

University (SAQ).... 111

University (MCQ) 117

"Those who reject our signs, I shall cast into the fire; as often as their skins
are roasted through. I shall change them for fresh skins, that they may taste
the punishment; for Allah is Exalted in power; Wise."
[Qur'an, Surah An-Nisa (4):56]
100 Physiology Paper : I

GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY

Introduction

Exclusive Questions:
** 1. What is internal environment? Why is ECF termed as internal environment? (DU: Ju-11/12)
*** 2. Define homeostasis. (Du: Jan-22/08,May-19/18, Nov-17/16/15, Ju-16/10/06)
** 3. Explain the positive feedback mechanism. (Du: Ju-12)
*** 4. Write about the negative feedback regulation in our body with example.(Du: Ja-22/08,May
20/18, Ju-16/11)
*** 5. Usually positive feedback regulation is harmful to our body, show it with example. (Du: M
19, Nov-15, Ju-09)
*** 6. 'Negative feedback mechanism' is beneficial for regulating normal body function- explains
with example. (Du: Nov-16, Ju-10)
** 7. What is gain? (Du: M-19)
*** 8. Write short note on:
i) Positive feedback mechanism. (DU: Nov-18)
ii) Negative feedback mechanism(DU: Nov-19)
More Questions:
*
1. Give the physiological range of concentration of Na+, K+, Cl, HCO³, glucose and Ca++ in
plasma. (DU: Ju-06)
** 2. Write short note on:
Homeostasis (Du: Ja-10)
Cell & its Functions
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Draw and label a typical cell. (Du: Oct-21,Nov-18/17/15, Ja-14, Ju-13)
*** 2. Draw and label the structure of a typical Cell membrane. (DU: May-18, Ja-16/14, Nov-17/15,
Ju-15/13/07)
*** 3. List the functions of membrane protein. (Du: Oct-21,Nov-19, May-18/15, Ja-16/14, Ju-16)
*** 4. Write down the function of membrane carbohydrate. (Du: May-18/15, Ja-15)
*** 5. Write down the functions of ER. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-15, Ju-15)
*** 6. State the functions of mitochondria. (DU: M-15, Ja-14)
*** 7. Write down the functions of Golgi apparatus. (DU: Nov-15)
** 8. What are the functions of cytoskeleton? (DU: Ju-13)
***
9. Name the cellular organelles. Discuss function of any two of them. (Du: May-17)
Or, Name the membrane organelles. Mention the function of any three of them. (DU: Nov-18)
**
10. Write short note on:

Cell membrane protein. (DU: Ju-14)

More Questions:
* 1. Name the membranous structures of the cell. (DU: Ju-07)
* 2. Briefly mention about lipid soluble and lipid insoluble substance passing through a
membrane. (DU: Ju-08)
*3. Give the function of ribosome. (DU: Ju-07)

* 4. Describe any four of membranous organelles with function. (DU: Ja-09)

** 5. Write down differences between simple diffusion from active transport. (DU: Ju-10)
* 6. Short note on: pinocytosis. (Du-Ju-09)

Membrane Transport
Exclusive Questions:
***
1. List the membrane transport processes with example. (DU: Nov-19/18/17, M-15, Ja-11/06)
Or, What is membrane transport? Classify it. (DU: Nov-19, Ju-10/05)
 101
Physiology Paper : I

*** 2. Define active transport. (Du: Ju-16/15, Ja-13)

*** 3. Classify active transport with example. (Du: Ju-16/15, Ja-13)
Or, List the active transport processes across the cell membrane with an example of each.
(Du: Nov-16)
** 4. Give the basic mechanism of transport of Na* cross an epithelial sheet with diagram. (DU: Ju-14)
*** 5. State the Na-K* pump with importance. (DU:Nov-18/16, Ju-15/10, Ja-13/12)
*** 6. Difference between active transport & passive transport. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-19, Ju-16, Ja-14)
*** 7. Difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion. (DU: Nov-16, Ju-11)
***
8. Write down the importance of Na*- K* pump. (DU: Nov-17,Ju-10)
*** 9. Short note on:

i) Primary active transport (DU: May-20)

ii)Na-K* pump mechanism. (DU: Jan-22,Nov-15, Ja-15)
iii) compare the primary active transport and facilitated diffusion. (DU: May-19/18)
More Questions:
* 1. Define diffusion with example. (DU: Ju-08)
** 2. Differentiate between simple diffusion and active transport. (Du: Ja-10)
* 3. Give difference between diffusion Na*- K* pump. (Du: Ja-09)
* 4. How diffusion occurs through cell membrane? (DU: Ju-07)

Membrane potential & Action Potential

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. What do you mean by R.M.P? (Du: M-16, Ju-16/11, Ja-12/11/08)
*** 2. Define action potential. (Du: M-16, Ju-11, Ja-11/08)
*** 3. How is R.M.P generated and maintained in cell? (DU: Ju-14/13, Ja-11/8)
Or, Give and outline of generation of R.M.P in a large nerve fiber. (DU: M- 20/19/17)
*** 4. Draw and level an action potential of a large nerve cell. (DU: M-16, Ju-14/13)
Or, Draw and level a typical action potential. (DU: M- 17)
*** 5. Write down the normal range of resting membrane potential of skeletal muscle, smooth
muscle and large nerve cell and ventricular muscle. (DU: M-20/19)
More Questions:
*
1. Give the importance of membrane potential. (DU: Ju-07)
** 2. Draw and label action potential of a large nerve fiber, ventricular muscle and SA node of
heart. (DU: Ja-11, Ju-09)
* 3. Short note on:
a) Triple response. (DU: Ju-08)
b) Endoplasmic reticulum. (DU: Ju-06)
c) Lysozome. (DU: Ja-08)
d) Gene. (DU: Ju-08)
e) DNA. (DU: Ju-07)

Muscle Physiology

*** 1. Name the contractile units of muscle. (DU: Jan-22/12,M-16)

*** 2. Discuss in brief the general mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction (DU: Ja-22/12,M-16, Ju
08)
*** 3. Short note on:
Neuromuscular junction. (DU: Ja-15/08)
More Questions:
* 1. What are the difference between skeletal and cardiac Muscle? (DU: Ju-08)
* 2. Short note on:
a) Actin (DU: Ja-09) b) Muscle contraction (DU: Ju-06)
102
Physiology Paper : 1

BLOOD

Composition & Functions of Blood

Exclusive Questions:
***

1. Name the plasma proteins with their normal value and origin. (DU: Ja- 22/12/11/10/09,M
20,Nov-18/17/16/15, Ju-16/15/07)
*** 2.
Enumerate the functions of plasma proteins. (DU: Jan-22/15/12/10/9,M-20,Nov-18/17/16/15,
Ju-16/07)
*** 3. Short note on:
: May-17)
Fate of RBC. (DU: Nov-17)
Functions of plasma proteins. (DU: Nov-19, May-18)
More Questions:

* 1. List the life span of blood cells. (DU: Ju-10)

* 2. Name the formed elements of blood. (DU: Ju-07)
** 3. Short note on:
Plasma protein. (DU: Ju-10)

Red Blood Cell & Hemoglobin

Exclusive Questions:
***

,Nov-19/18/16, Ja-16/09)
*** 2.
Mention the site of erythropoiesis in different stage of live. (DU: Ja-16)
*** 3. What are the stages/steps of erythropoiesis? (DU: Nov-18/16)
***

4. What are the changes that occur in RBC during erythropoiesis? (DU: Nov-18, Ja-16)
Or, What are the changes occur during RBC maturation? (DU: Nov-19/15, Ja-15)
*** 5.
Shortly discuss the factors which influence erythropoiesis. (DU: M-15, Ju-12/08)
Or, Name the factors necessary for development of RBC. (DU: Ja-09/03)
*** 6.
Write about the fate of RBC after 120 days. (DU: Nov-16/15, Ja-15/14, Ju-11, M-04)
Or, Discuss the fate of Hb after destruction of RBC. (DU: Ja-10)
More Questions:
*

1. Mention the role of erythropoietin in erythropoiesis. (DU: Ja-06)

** 2. Describe the morphology of RBC. (DU: Ju-11)
* 3. What are the functions of Hb? (DU: Ja-06)
* 4. Give the steps of Hb synthesis. (DU: Ja-05)
* 5. Short note on: Hb F. (DU: Ja-06)

Anaemia & Jaundice

Exclusive Questions:
***
1. short note on:
a) Anaemia. (DU: N-16)
b) Jaundice. (DU: Ja-10)
c) Erythroblastosis fetalis. (DU: Ja-11/08)
More Questions:
1. Define anaemia. (DU: Ju-08)
** 2. Give the morphological classification of anaemia. (DU: Ju-10, Ja-07)
WBC

Exclusive Questions:
***

1. Give the differential count of WBC. (DU: Ju-15/11 M-19/17/15, Ja-14/13)

*** 2. Write down the functions of WBC. (DU: Oct-21,May-19/18/16, Ja-12, Ju-07)
Or, Mention the functions of agranulocytes. (DU: May-17, Ja-14)
** 3. List the properties of WBC. (DU: Ja-13, Ju-07)
 Physiology Paper : I 103

** 4. What is chemotaxis? (DU: Ja-12)

*** 5. Write about phagocytosis. (DU: Ju-15, M-15, Ja-13)
Or, Write about phagocytosis with diagram (DU: May-19/18/16)
More Questions:

* 1. Shortly narrate the genesis of WBC. (DU: Ja-09)

Platelets
Exclusive Questions:

*** 1. What is the normal count of platelets? (DU: Oct-21,M-16/15 Ja-16/12, Ju-14)
*** 2. Give the morphology of platelet. (DU: Ja-16, M-15, Ju-14)
*** 3. Mention the functions of platelet. (DU: Ja-22/16/08,Oct-21,Nov-19/18, May-17/15, Ju-13)
Hemostasis
Exclusive Questions:

*** 1. What is hemostasis? (DU: Jan-22/11/10/09,M-20,Nov-18/16, Ju-13/12, Ju-08)

*** 2. What are the events of hemostasis? (DU: Jan-22,M-20,Nov-18/17/16, Ju-08)
*** 3.
Write the mechanism of platelet plug formation in hemostasis. (DU: M-20,Ju-14/13/12)
Or, Write down the role of platelet in platelet plug formation. (DU: M-16)
*** 4. Define
coagulation. (DU: Oct-21,Ju16/15/14, May-19/18/16/15, Ja-13/11/10)
*** 5. What are the basic stages of blood coagulation. (DU: Oct-21,May-1918/16/15, Ju-16/14)
*** 6. State the mechanism of clot formation through intrinsic pathway. (DU: Oct-21,May-19/18, Ju-16)
Or, Schematically mention the intrinsic pathway of prothrombin activator formation. (DU: Ju-14)
Or, Write the intrinsic pathway of prothrombin activator formation showing the use of ca²+ in
2+

it. (DU: May-15)

*** .
Schematically mention the extrinsic of prothrombin activator formation. (DU:Ja-22,M-17/16)
*** 8. What are the fates of a blood clot. (DU: M-17)
*** 9. Write down the role of platelet in clot retraction (DU: M-16)
*** 10. Why blood does not clot intravascularly? (DU: Nov-18/17/16)
***
11. Short note :

a) Mechanism of platelet plug formations. (DU: Nov-15)

b) Prothrombin activator formation (DU: May-20)
c) Fibrinolysis. (DU: M-17, Ja-08)
More Questions:
*

1. Write the role of platelets in hemostasis. (DU: Ja-09, Ju-08)

** 2. What is the role of Ca²+ in blood coagulation? (DU: Ju-10)
* 3. Discuss the mechanism of fibrinolysis and its importance. (DU: Ja-08)
* 4. Name the common anticoagulants used in laboratory (DU: Ja-07)
Bleeding Disorders
Exclusive Questions:
** 1. What is purpura? (DU: Nov-19/18,Ju-13, Ja-12/08)
*** 2.
*** 3.
What do you mean by thrombocytopenic purpura. (DU: M-17)
** 3. NameShort
the test
noteon
that
: should be done in a19
bleeding disorder case. (DU: Nov- /18)

a) Purpura (DU: Ju-13)

b) Hemophilia (DU: Ju-13)
More Questions:
**

1. What is hemophilia? (DU: Ju-10

** 2. What is haemoglobinopathy? (DU: Ja-10)
* 3. What is thrombocytopenia? (DU: Ja-09)
104 Physiology Paper : I

Blood Grouping & Blood Transfusion

Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Name the classical blood groups. (DU: Ja-15)
*** Name the ABO & Rh blood group with their agglutinogen & agglutinins. (DU: Jan-22/16,M
20,Nov-19/17, M-18/16,Ju-14/12)
*** 3. Briefly explain "erythroblastosis fetalis". (DU: May-16)
** 4. What is erythroblastosis fetalis? How it can be prevented? (DU: M-19, Ju-14)
***
What are the hazards/effects of incompatible/mismatched blood transfusion? (DU: M
20,Nov-19/17/16/15, Ju-12)
** 6. What are the points we consider before blood transfusion? (DU: Ju-13/11/08)
***
"Discuss the mechanism of acute kidney shutdown and jaundice occur due to mismatched
blood transfusion. (Du: May-18, Ja-16/15/08 Ju-13/11/10)
***
8. Short note on:

Landsteiner's law/Why does mismatched reciepients's RBC not agglutinated.(DU: Jan-22,M-19/16)

(ii) Erythroblastosis fetalis. (DU: Ja-11, Ja-08)
More Questions:
*
1. List the indications of plasma transfusion. (DU: Ja-07)
* 2. Short note on:

(i) Rh factor. (DU: Ja- 09/05)

(ii) Rh incompatibility. (DU: Ja-08, Ja-07)

Cardiovascular System
Cardiac Muscle, Junctional Tissue & Cardiac Impulse
Exclusive Questions:
1. Enumerate the properties of cardiac muscle. Explain any two properties of cardiac muscle.
***

(DU: Jan-22/16,Oct-21,Nov-19, Ju16/15, M-17/16)

*** 2. Name the Junctional tissue of the heart. (DU: Ja-22/13,Oct-22,Nov-19/18/17,Ju-16/15)
*** 3. Why is SA node called pace maker ofthe heart? (DU: Jan-22,M-19, Nov-15)
Or, Which one is known as pacemaker of heart and why? (DU: Ju-07)
*** 4. What is the significance/ advantage of AV nodal delay? (DU: Jan-22,Nov-19/16)
*** 5.
Show
Ju -16
in aJa
, -
diagram
12
) the descending order of /
cardiac impulse transmission. (DU: Nov-16 15,
Or, Narrate how cardiac impulse is transmitted through the heart with diagram? (DU: Oct
21,Nov-19/18/17, Ju-15/05, Ja-13)
*** 6.
***

***
7.
What are effects
Significance
ofof sympathetic
prolonged
& parasympathetic
refractory
period
. ( -DU
: stimulation
Jan
- 22
) on heart? (DU: Oct-21,Nov-18,May 16)
8. Short note on:

a) Frank starling law of the heart. (DU: Ju- 12, Ja-10, Ju-08)
b) Functional syncytium. (DU: Ja-14)
c) Refractory period. (DU: Ja-16/10)
d) AV nodal delay. (DU: May-18, Ju-15/13)
More Questions:
1. Draw & level an action potential of cardiac muscle/ ventricular muscle. (DU: Ja-11)
**

* 2. Shortly discuss the role of Purkinje system? (DU: Ju-07)

*
3. What is plateau?(DU: Ja-09)
*
4. Draw and level the conduction tissue of the heart. (DU: Ju-09)
*
5. Define vagal escape. (DU: Ju-08)
Cardiac Cycle

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Define cardiac cycle. (DU: May-20/18, Nov -17/16, Ja-16/14/11/05, Ju-09)
 105
Physiology Paper : I

*** 2. What are the changes that take place during cardiac cycle? (DU: Ja-22/15/08,May
20/19/18/15, Nov-17/16,Ju-13)
Or, Outline the changes that occur in heart during systole and diastole. (DU: Ju-12/11 Ja, 11)
*** 3. Write about the left ventricular pressure changes during cardiac cycle with diagram. (DU: Ja
22/15/14,Nov-16, Ju-16/12, May-19/18/15)
Or, Explain the pressure changes in ventricles during cardiac cycle. (DU: Ju-13/11/09, Ja-04)
*** 4. State the poiseullies law. (DU-May-18)
. More Questions:
* 1. Calculate cardiac cycle time when heart rate is 80 beats/min? (Du: Ja-07)
*
2. Enumerate the events of cardiac cycle. (DU: Ju-09, Ja-05)
** 3. Describe important features of isometric contraction phase. (DU: Ja-11)
d
* 4. Explain the volume changes in the ventricle during cardiac cycle. (DU: Ja-08/04)

Heart Sounds
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Short note on:

a) Heart sound. (DU- Ju-16/13/07/05, Nov-15)

b)1st heart sound. (DU: Ju-10)
c) 1st & 2nd heart sound. (DU: Ja-22/12Nov-18)
More Questions:
*
1. What is cardiac murmur? Why does it occur? what is arrhythmia? (DU: Ja-09)
** 2. Short note on:
Audible heart sound. (DU: Ja-10)

Cardiac Output
Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Define cardiac output. (DU: Nov-19/18/16, M-17, Ja-15/11/10/08)
*** 2. Describe the important factors controlling cardiac output. (DU: Ja-15)
Or, State the dynamic factors controlling the cardiac output. (DU: Ja-16/07, Nov-16/15)
*** 3. What are the factors that influence cardiac output? (DU: May-17,Ja-16/15, Nov-19/18/15)
** 4. Write about the regulation of cardiac output. (DU: Ja-12)
*** 5. What is Fick's Principle? (DU: Ja-16/14)
*** 6. What is cardiac index? (DU: Nov-19/18, Ja-16/15/12)
***
7. How cardiac output can be measured by Fick's Principle?? (DU: May-17,Ja-11/08)

Venous Return

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Define venous return. (DU: M-17)
** 2. Short note on: venous return (DU: Ja-13, Ju-11)

SV, EDV, ESV

Exclusive Questions :
*** 1. What is Stroke volume? (DU: M-17)
*** 2. What is Stroke volume? What are the factors affecting it? (DU: Nov-16)
*** 3. List the factors affecting peripheral resistance. (DU: May-18)
More Questions:
**
1. Define EDV. What are the factors influencing EDV? (DU: Ju -08, Ja-06)
Or, How filling time effects EDV? (DU: Ja-10/06)
* 2. Define ESV. (DU: Ja-10/06)
106
Physiology Paper : I

Blood Pressure & Its Regulation

Exclusive Questions:

*** 1. Define blood pressure. (DU: Oct-21,Ja-05)

*** 2. List the different types of blood Pressure with their normal values. (DU: Oct-21,Ju
16/15/14/09 Nov-19/18/15, May-18/17/15, Ja-13/08/06)
*** 3. Name the blood pressure regulatory system. (DU: May-20,Nov-17, Ja-11/08)
*** 4. What is vagal tone? (DU: M-16)
*** 5. Briefly discuss the regulation of blood pressure by renin angiotensin aldosterone mechanism.
(DU: Oct-21,May-17, Nov-19/18/15, Ju- 15, Ja-11/10/07/06)
*** 6. What are baroreceptors? Mention their site. What are the roles in maintenance of normal
blood pressure? (DU: May-19)
*** 7. How does baroreceptors reflex mechanism regulate blood pressure? (DU:Jan-22,May
20/18/16/15,Ju-16/14/11/10)

Or, How do baroreceptor take part in controlling raised blood pressure? (DU: Nov-17, Ja
13/08, Ju-09)
More Questions:
*

1. Enumerate the factors that influence/control/regulate arterial blood pressure. (DU: Ju-08)
* 2. Define hypertension & what is essential hypertension? (DU: Ju-10)
* 3. Define systolic, diastolic and mean pressure. (DU: Ju-07)
*
4. Define vasomotor tone. (DU: Ju-08)
* 5. Short note on:

a) Baroreceptor reflex. (DU: Ja-09)

b) Chemoreceptor mechanism. (DU: Ja-08)

Heart Rate
Exclusive Questions:
***

1. Give the normal value of heart rate in different ages. (DU: May-20/16,Nov-18)
*** 2. Short note on:
a) Heart rate. (DU: Ja-16, Ja-13)
b) Regulation of heart rate. (DU: May-20/15)
More Questions:

* 1. Discuss the reflexes that regulate heart rate. (DU: Ju-09)

Pulse
*
1. Short note on:- Pulse (DU: S-04)
ECG
Exclusive Questions:
***

1. Draw & level & interpret a normal ECG. (DU: May-20/18/15,Nov-16, Ju- 16/14/13/10/09)
** 2. Write down the significance of different waves of ECG. (DU: Ju-14)
** 3. What information will you get from ECG tracing? (DU: Ju-13/10/09)
***

4. What is the importance of P-R interval? (DU: Nov-16, Ja-16, M-15, Ju-09)
*** 5. Short note on : a) ECG (DU: Ju-12/05)
b) P-R interval (DU: Ju-16, Ja-12)
:
**

1. Mention the effects of hyperkalemia on ECG. (DU: Ju-10)

* 2. What is arrhythmia? (DU: Ja-09)
Heart Block

Exclusive Questions:
**
1. Short note on:
Stokes Adams syndrome. (DU: Ja-14)
 Physiology Paper : 1 107

More Questions:
* 1. Define heart block? classify it? (DU: Ja-09)
** 2. Mention the effect of 2nd degree heart block on ECG. (DU: Ju-10)
Circulation
Exclusive Questions:

*** 1. Define peripheral resistance. State the poiseulle's law. List the factors which are directly and
inversely related to the blood flow. (DU: May-20/19)
***
2.
State briefly the systemic capillary fluid exchange mechanism. (DU: M-16)
** 3. Or, State the mechanism of exchange of fluid & nutrients in microcirculatory bed. (DU: Ju-10)
Short note on:,
capillary fluid exchange in systemic circulation. (DU: May-20/18, Ju-14)
More Questions:
* 1. What are the functions of the circulation? (DU: Ja-07)
** 2. Name the components of microcirculation. (DU: Ju-10)
*

3. Write down the interrelationship among pressure flow & resistance. (DU: Ja-06)
* 4. What is resistance? What is PRU? (DU: M-04)
Blood Vessels
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Give the functional classification of blood vessels with example. (DU: May-18/17/16/04)
*** 2. Explain the relationship blood flow with radius of blood vessels. (DU: May-17)
*** 3.
List the endogenous vasoconstrictor & vasodilator agents. (DU: Nov-17, Ja-10/09/07)
Shock

* 1. Define & classify shock. (DU: Ju-09/06)

* 2. Give the compensatory mechanism of hypovolemic shock. (DU: Ju-09)
*

3. Write down the body responses to compensate shock. (DU: Ju-06)

* . Short note on:
Shock (DU: Ja-07)

Respiratory System
Pulmonary Ventilation
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Write down the basic mechanism of respiration. (DU: Ju-15/14/09)
Or, Write down the basic mechanism of respiration showing different pressure and volume
changes in a diagram. (DU: May-16/15, Ja-16)
Or, Describe the basic mechanism of rhythmic breathing showing different pressure changes
in a diagram. (DU: May-17)
** 2.
State the mechanism of normal respiration mentioning the pressure changes in a graph. (DU:
Nov-19, Ju-13, Ja-12)
*** 3.
Show in a diagram the pressure and volume changes during different phases of respiration.
(DU: Ju- 14/11/10)
** 4. Define pulmonary & alveolar ventilation. (DU: Ju-13/12/11/10, Ja-09)
** 5. What are the factors that prevent the collapse of the lunges? (DU: Ja-12)
** 6. Define compliance of lungs. (DU: Ja-12) B

***
7. Short note on:- Surfactant.(DU: M-17, Ju-16/15, Nov-15, Ja-15/14/12)
More Questions:
**

1. Define respiration. (DU: Ja-12, Ju-08)

2. Name the muscles of respiration. (DU: Ja-12/05)
* 3.
*
What are the differences between pulmonary & alveolar ventilation? (DU: Ja-07)
4. What are the peculiarities of pulmonary circulation? (DU: Ja-08)
*

5. How is pulmonary edema formed? (DU: Ju-06)

* 6. Short note on:- Intra-pleural pressure.(DU: Ja-06)
108 Physiology Paper : I
Pulmonary Volumes And Capacities
Exclusive Questions:
***
1. List the lung volumes and capacities with their normal values. (DU: Nov-17/15, Ja-15/09/07,
: Ju-15/13/14/12)
*** 2. Draw & label a spirogram to show different lung volumes and capacities with their normal
values. (DU: Jan-22/10/08/05,Oct-21,May-19/18, Nov-16, Ju-16/15/13/12)
*** 3. Give the definition and normal value of all respiratory volumes. what are the importance of
residual volume? (DU: Nov-15, Ja-15)
Or, What is the importance of residual volume? (DU: Ja-22/14/10/09/08,May-19/18, Nov-16/15)
*** 4. Define vital capacity with its normal value? (DU: Nov-18, Ja-16, Ju-09)
** 5. What is its significance? (DU: Ja-13, Ju-10/09)
***
6. Discuss the factors affecting the vital capacity. (DU: Nov-18, Ja-16, Ju-09)
**
7. What is the importance of vital capacity? (DU: Ja-13, Ju-10)
*** 8. Short note on:

a) Residual volume. (DU: Ja-16)

b) vital capacity. (DU: Nov-16, Ja-11)
c) Respiratory volume. (DU: M-17)
Gas Exchange In The Lung
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Draw & label respiratory membrane. (DU: Oct-21,May-17, Ju-16/15/05, Nov-19/18/15, Ja
13/12/11/10/08)
*** 2. Briefly discuss the factors which influence gaseous transport across it (DU: Oct-21,May-17,
Ju-16/15, Nov- 18/15, Ja-15/14/13/12/11/10)
***
3. Describe in short the transport mechanism of O₂ from lung to tissue. (DU: Ja-16/15, Ju-12)
*** 4. Draw & label Oxy-Hb dissociation curve. (DU: M-20/15, Nov-17, Ju-14/10/08, Ja-09)
*** 5. Draw & explain oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve. (DU: M-16, Ju-10, Ja-09)
*** 6.

*** What is the importance of steep part of the curve. (DU: M-20/16/15,Nov-17, Ju-14)
*** 7.
8.
How CO₂ is transported from the tissues to the lungs? (DU: M-20/15Ju-16/15/09,Ja-13/12/11)
What is P50? (DU: Ja-16/09, Ju-13/12/11)
***
9. What are the forms in which CO₂ are carried in blood? (DU: Jan-22,M-20/17/15, Ju-06)
***
10. What is Bohr effect? (DU: Ju-16/11/09, Ja-15/12/10/08)
***
11. Describe the chloride shift mechanism. (DU:Jan-22,M-17)
*** 12. Short note on:

a) Bohr effect. (DU: Oct-21)

b) Chloride shift. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-18, May-16, Ja-12/08)
c) Haldane effect. (DU: Ju-12)
d) Respiratory membrane. (DU:Nov-19)
More Questions:
*
1. How is O₂ transported from atmosphere to tissue? (DU: Ja-10)
**
2. How is O₂ transported in the blood/ arterial blood? (DU: Ju-11/05)
* 3. Why is the curve shifted to the right use to increase in PCo2 and temperature? (DU: Ju-10)
Regulation of Respiration
Exclusive Questions:
***
1. List the respiratory centers with their location and diagram and function. (Du: Ja-22/15/14,
May-20,Nov-17/16,Ju-11//09/08/07)
**
2. Write down the neural regulation of respiration. (DU: May-19/18, Ju-14, Ja-13)
***
3. What is inspiratory ramp signal. (DU: Jan-22,May-20,Nov-17/16, Ju- 10, 09)
***
4. Discuss the chemical regulation of respiration. (DU: Ju- 16/15/12/10, M-16, Nov-19/18/17/15, Ja-14)
Or, Give the role of H & CO₂ regulation of respiration. (DU: Ju-13/08, Ja-10)
***
5. What is the importance of inspiratory ramp signal? (DU: M-15)
***
6. What is Hering - Breuer reflex? (DU: Ja-16)
 109
Physiology Paper : I

*** 7. Short note on:

a) Respiratory centers. (DU: M-16)

b) Haring -Brewer reflex. (DU: Nov-16, Ju-14)
More Questions:
** 1. Briefly discuss the nervous regulation of rhythmic breathing. (DU: Ju-11, Ja-08)

**
2.3.
How isBriefly
normal discuss
respiration/breathing
the effects
of regulated
exercise
- on by respiratory
respiration
. ( DU
: Ja
centers?
- 07
) (DU: Ju-08, Ja 06)
* 4. Describe the regulation of respiration during exercise. (DU: Ju- 09)

Hypoxia & O₂Therapy

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Define & classify hypoxia with examples. (DU: Oct-21,May-18, Nov-16/15, Ju-16/15/12)
** 2. Name various types of hypoxia with their causes. (DU: Ju-14)
** 3. Mention the role of O₂ therapy in different types of hypoxia. (DU: Ja-15/11/07)
*** 4. Why O₂ therapy is not effective in some hypoxia? (DU: Nov-16)
*** 5. What is apnoea. (DU: Oct-21,May-18)
Or, Define apnoea (DU: Nov-15, Ju-15, Ja-14)
*** 6. Short note on : a) Hypoxia. (DU: Ja-22/13,May-20, Nov-19/17, Ju-08)
More Questions:
* 1. Briefly discuss hypoxic and anemic hypoxia. (DU: Ja-09)
* 2. What is respiratory exchange ratio? (DU: Ju- 08)
Lung Function Tests
Exclusive Questions:
** 1. Name the common lung function tests in clinical Practice. (DU: Ja-13, Ju-11/10)
*** 2. What is FEV₁?(DU: Nov-18,Ju-16)
*** 3. Give the importance of FEV₁.(DU: Oct-21,Nov-18/17, Ju-16/15/11/10, Ja-13/10)
**
4. What do you mean by anatomical and physiological dead space air? (DU: Ju-14)
More Questions:
1. How FEV₁ is measured? (DU: Ju-05)
2. Compare FEV₁ Changes in between restrictive & obstructive airway. (DU: Ja-07)
* 3. What is periodic breathing? (DU: Ja-10)
** 4. What is asphyxia? (DU: Ju-12/09)
** 5. Short note on: a) Lung function test. (DU: Ja-12/11)
b) FEV₁ (DU: Ju-07)
.

c) Periodic breathing. (DU: Ju-10)

Alimentary System
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Name the movement of G.I.T(DU: Nov-18/17/15, Ja-15/10/09/08, Ju-14/12).
Or, Name the basic movement of G.I.T. What are the physiological effect of the movement ?
(DU: May-18,Nov- 16, Ju-13/11)
*** 2. Name the gastrointestinal hormones. (DU: Ja-22/16/15/14,Oct-21, May-19/18,Nov-17/15)
***
3. Write about the functions & regulation of secretion of any two of them. (DU- Ja
22/16/15,May-19/18, Nov-16, Ju-13/12)
*** 4. Write in short about the mechanism of secretion & Physiological action of secretin. (DU:
Nov-17/16, Ju-09)
*** 5. Write down the function of gastrin. (DU: Oct-21)
*** 6. Short note on: Functions of secretin and CCK. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-18)

More Questions:
** 1. Short note on:
i) Local hormone of GIT. (DU: Ja-13) ii) CCK-PZ. (DU: Ja-09)
110
Physiology Paper : I

Digestive Juices
Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Give the important constitute of Gastric Juice. (DU: Ju-15)
** 2. Give the composition of bile (DU: Ja-12)
*** 3. Describe the functions of Saliva. (DU: Ja-16/13/09/08, Ju-14)
** 4. Write down the mechanical functions of saliva. (DU: Ju-13)
*** 5. Discuss the regulation of saliva secretion. (DU: Ja-16/09, Ju-14/13)
** 6. Enumerate the functions of gastric HCI. (DU: Ju-14)
*** 7. Describe the basic mechanism of HCl secretion. (DU: Ju-16/15/14/13/10, Ja-09).
** 8. What is achlorhydria? (DU: Ju-13)
** 9. Briefly discuss the humoral regulation of pancreatic juice Secretion. (DU: Ja-14/10)
Or, How pancreatic juice secretion is regulated? (DU: Ju-09/05)
***
10. What is bile? (DU: Ja-15)
***
11. What are the functions of liver? (DU: Ja-16/08)
***
12. Short note on:

a) Enterohepatic circulation (DU: Ju-13/12)

c) Succus entericus. (DU: Ja-15)
More Questions:
**
1. Enumerate the digestive Juices with their daily secretion. (DU: Ja-11)
2. Discuss how gastric juice secretion is regulated. (DU: Ju-08, Ja-08)
*

*
3. What is the role of H₂ receptor blocker in gastric HCI Secretion? (DU: Ju-10/08)
** 5. What are the bile acid and bile salt? (DU: Ju-11)
*
6. Short note on:
Post alkaline tide (DU: Ja-09)
Functions & Movement of GIT
Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Name the movements of alimentary tract. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-19/16, Ja-15/13/12, Ju-16/14)
Or, What are the basic the movements of GIT. (DU: Ja-22,May-20/18/15, Nov-18)
***
2. List the movements of GIT. State 2 of them. (DU: Nov-15, Ju-15/14, Ja-15,11/09)
*** 3. Write about the enteric nervous system With its functional significance. (DU: M-15)
***

***
4.
Or, Write
Write
about
about
the entericdefecation
nervous
reflex
.( system
DU
: Ja
-
with22
/
-
its15
/
role14
/
on movement
12May
- 20
, ofNov
-
GI15
,
tract.
Ju
- (DU:1514
/Nov-19,
12
)M 17)

5. Describe the pharyngeal stage of deglutition/ Swallowing. (DU: Oct-21,Ju-16, M-19/15)

** 6. Give the functions of stomach. (DU: Ja-13/11/09)
**
7. How is the gastric empting regulated? (DU: Ja-13/11)
*** 8. List the factors stimulating and inhibiting gastric emptying. (DU: Nov-19/16)
*** 9. What is basic electrical rhythm in GIT? (DU-Nov-19/16, M-17)
**
10. What are the functions of large intestine? (DU: Ju-12)
**
11. Discuss the movements of large intestine. (DU: Ja-12)
***
12. Give an account of defecation reflex. (DU: M-17, Nov-17,Ja-15, Ju-14)
***

***
13. What are the effects of parasympathetic denervation on GIT? (DU: M-15)
14. Function of large intestine. (DU: M-17)
*** 15. Short note on:
a
)

.
(
:

-
,

-
,
-
/
,
-
)
DU

21

17

Ja

16

10

Ju

10
Oct

Nov
peristalsis

b) Enteric nervous system. (DU: Ju-14)

c) Pharyngeal stage of deglutition /Swallowing. (DU: Ja-14/11/09/08)
d) Motor functions of stomach. (DU: M-19)
More

Questions:
*
1. What do you mean by segmentation contraction? (DU: Ja-07)
*

2. What is the importance of mass movement? (DU: Ja-10)

 Physiology Paper : I

UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA (SAQ)

1st Professional MBBS Examination
Subject: Physiology Short Answer Questions (SAQ)
Full Marks: 70 'Time: 2 hours 30 minutes
Use separate answer script from each group
Answer any seven questions from each group
First professional MBBS Examination of May & November,2021(held in January'2022)
; paper-I
1. Define homeostasis. Wrlie about the negative feedback mechanism of our body with example.
2. Name the contractilc elements of muscle. State the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction.
3. Define hemostasis.Mention the stages of hemostasis.Give an outline of extrinsic pathway of prothrombin activator formation.
4. Name the important plasma proteins with their nonnal value. Enumerate the functions of plasma protein.
5. Name the different blood groups of ABO and Rh systems with their corresponding antigens and antibodies.
State the Land Steiners' law. Why does mismatched recipient's RBC not agglutinate?
6. List the movements of different segments of GIT. Write about the defecation.
7. Name the gastrointestinal hormones. State the functions of any two of them.
8. Write short notes on:

i) Na™-K pump ii) Functions of platelet

GROUP - B

9. Mention the changes that occur in a cardiac cycle. Write down the left ventricular pressure changes during the
cardiac cycle with diagram.
10. Name the junctional tissues of the heart. What are the significances of AV nodal delay and prolonged refractory
period? Why SA node is pace maker of the heart?
11. Mention the sites of baroreceptors. State the role of baroreceptor feedback mechanism in regulation of blood pressure.
12. Draw and label a spirogram. Define residual volume and give its importance.
13. Enumerate the properties of cardiac muscle. Explain any two of them.
14. Name the forms by which CO₂ is transported through blood. Discuss chloride shift mechanism.
15. -Enumerate the respiratory centers with their locations and functions. What is inspiratory ramp signal?
16. Write short notes on: i) Hypoxia ii) 1st and 2nd heart sound.

First professional MBBS Examination of May,2021(held in October 2021)

Subject: Physiology; paper-I
1. Define homeostasis. Write about the negative feedback mechanism with example.
2. Write down the normal ranges of resting membrane potential of skeletal muscle smooth muscle, ventricular
muscle and large nerve fiber. Give an outline of generation of resting membrane potential in a large nerve fiber.
7 3. Name the important plasma proteins with their normal value. Lists the functions of plasma proteins.
4. Name the different blood groups of ABO and Rh-systems with their corresponding antigens and antibodies.
State the hazards of mismatched blood transfusion.
What are the events of hemostasis? Write about the mechanism of platelet plug formation.
.

6. Name the basic movements of GIT. Write about the defecation reflex.
7. Write about the enterie nervous system mentioning its role on movement of GIT.
8.
Write short notes on: i) Primary active transport ii) Prothrombin netivator formation
GROUP - B

9. Give the normal value of heart rate at different ages, write down the regulation of heart rate.
10. Define peripheral resistance. State the Poiseuille's law. List the factors which are directly and inversely related
to the blood flow.
11. Mention the different types of blood pressure regulation mechanism. How does the baroreceptor reflex
mechanism control blood pressure?
12. Define cardiac cycle. What are the changes occur during cardiac cycle? Draw and label the normal ECG with its interpretation.
13. Draw and label oxy-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Give the importance of steep part of the curve.
14. Enumerate the respiratory centers with their locations and functions. Write about the inspiratory ramp signal.
15. Name the forms in which CO2 is transported in blood. How is it transported from the tissues to lungs?
16. Write short notes on: i) Systemic capillary fluid exchange mechanism ii) Hypoxia
112 Physiology Paper : I

First professional MBBS Examination of May & November,2020(held in Feb'2021)

Subject: Physiology; paper-I
1. Define homeostasis. Write about the negative feedback mechanism with example.
2. Write down the normal ranges of resting membrane potential of skeletal muscle smooth muscle, ventricular
muscle and large nerve fiber. Give an outline of generation of resting membrane potential in a large nerve fiber?
3. Name the important plasma proteins with their normal value. Lists the functions of plasma proteins.
4. Name the different blood groups of ABO and Rh-systems with their corresponding antigens and antibodies.
State the hazards of mismatched blood transfusion.
5. Define hemostasis. What are the events of hemostasis? Write about the mechanism of platelet plug formation.
6. Name the basic movements of GIT. Write about the defecation reflex.

7. Write about the enteric nervous system mentioning its role on movement of GIT.
8. Write short notes on : i) Primary active transport ii) Prothrombin activator formation
GROUP - B

9. Give the normal value of heart rate at different ages. Write down the regulation of heart rate.
10. Define peripheral resistance. State the Poiseuille's law. List the factors which are directly and inversely related
to the blood flow.
11. Mention the different types of blood pressure regulation mechanism. How does the baroreceptor reflex
mechanism control blood pressure?
12. Define cardiac cycle. What are the changes occur during cardiac cycle? Draw and label the normal ECG with its
interpretation.
13. Draw and label oxy-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Give the importance of steep part of the curve.
14. Enumerate the respiratory centers with their locations and functions. Write about the inspiratory ramp signal.
15. Name the forms in which CO₂ is transported in blood. How is it transported from the tissues to lungs?
16. Write short notes on : i) Systemic capillary fluid exchange mechanism ii) Hypoxia.

First professional MBBS Examination of November, 2019

Subject: physiology; paper - 1
1.
Name the membranous organelles mentioning the functions of
of any two of them. What are the functions cell
membrane proteins?
2. Classify membrane transport processes with examples. how does active transport differ from passive transport?
3. What are the changes those occur during the maturation of RBC? Write in short about the fate of RBC.
4.
Write down the functions of platelet. What is purpura? Name the tests should be done in a case of bleeding
disorder.

5. Name the blood groups of ABO system with their corresponding agglutionogens and agglutinins. Mention the
hazards of mismatched blood transfusion.

6. Name the plexuses of enteric nervous system. Give their role in secretion and movement GIT.
7. Name the movements of different parts of alimentary tract. List the factors stimulating and inhibiting gastric emptying.
8. Write short notes on : i) Functions of plasma proteins ii) Negative feedback mechanism
GROUP - B

9. Enumerate the properties of cardiac muscle. Explain any two of them.

10. Name the junctional tissues of the heart. Write down the conduction of cardiac impulse throughout the heart with diagram.
11. Define cardiac output. State the factors that influence cardiac output. What is cardiac index?
12. Name the different types of blood pressure with their normal ranges. Write down the renin-angiotensin
aldosterone mechanism for regulation of blood pressure.
13. Write about the mechanism of respiratioin showing diffe3re3nt pressure changes in a diagram.
14. How is oxygen trunsported from lungs to tissues?
15. Give an outline of chemical regulation of respiration.
16. Write short notes on : i) Respiratory membrane ii) Types of hypoxia

First professional MBBS Examination of May, 2019

Subject: physiology; paper - 1
GROUP-A

1. Define homeostasis, "Positive feedback mechanism is usually harmful to our body" - explain it with example.
What is gain?
2.
Write down the normal range of resting membrane potential of skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, ventricular
muscle and large nerve fiber. Give an outline of generation of resting membrane potential in a large nerve fiber.
3. Give the differential count of WBC. Mention the functions of each type. Write about the phagocytosis with diagram.
 Physiology Paper : I 113

4. Define coagulation. Write down the basic steps of coagulation. Give an outline of intrinsic pathway of
prothrombin activator formation.
5. State
6.
Landsteiner's law. What is erythroblastosis foetalis? How can it be prevented?
Give an outline of pharyngeal phase of swallowing. What is the basic electrical rhythm in GIT?
7. Name the gastrointestinal hormones. State the functions and regulation of secretion of any two of them.
8. Write short notes no ;
i) Compare the active transport and facilitated diffusion ii) Motor functions of stomach
GROUP - B

9. What are the significances of A-V nodal delay and prolonged refractory period? Why is S-A node termed as the
pace maker of the heart?
10. What are the changes associated with cardiac cycle? Write down the left ventricular pressure changes during
cardiac cycle with diagram.
11. What are the baroreceptors? Mention their sites. Write their role in maintenance of normal blood pressure.
12. Define peripheral resistance. State the poiseulle's law. List the factors which are directly and inversely related to
the blood flow.

13. Draw a spirogram showing different lung volumes and capacities with their normal value. What is the
importance of residual volume?
14. Give an outline of neural regulation of respiration.
First professional MBBS Examination of November, 2018
Subject: physiology; paper - 1
Group - A
1. Draw and label typical human cell. Name the membranous organelles mentioning the functions of any three of them.
2. List the membrane transport processes with example. Mention the importance of Nat- K pump.
3. Define erythropoiesis. Write down the changes that occur during the maturation of RBC.
4. Define haemostasis Mention the events of haemostasis. Why blood does not clot intravascularly?
5. Name the important plasma proteins with their normal value. Write down the functions of plasma proteins.
6. Write down the functions of platelet.what is purpura? Name the tests that should be done in a bleeding disorder case.
7. Name the basic movements of GIT. Write about the defecation reflex.

8 Write short notes on: (i) Positive feedback mechanism (ii) Functions of secretin CCK- PZ
Group - B
9
Name the junctional tissues of the heart. Write down the conduction of cardiac impulse throughout the heart
with diagram.
10. Define cardiac output.State the factors those influence cardiac output. What is cardiac index?
11. Name the different types of blood pressure with their normal ranges. Write down the renin-angiotensin
aldosterone mechanism for regulation of blood pressure.
12. Give the normal value of heart rate at different ages. Write down the effects of sympathetic parasympathetic
stimulation on heart.
13. Draw and label the respiratory membrane. Discuss about the factors affecting gas diffusion through this membrane.
14. Define vital capacity with its normal value. Write about the factors affecting vital capacity. What is FEV₁ ?
15. Give an outline of chemical regulation of respiration.
16. Write short notes on: (i) 1st and 2nd heart sound (ii) Chloride shift

First Professional MBBS Examination of May 2018

>
Subject: Physiology Paper- I
Group-A
1. Define homeostasis. Write about the negative feedback mechanism with example.
2. Draw and label a typical cell membrane. Write down the functions of cell membrane protein and carbohydrate.
3. Enumerate the functions of WBC. Describe the mechanism of phagocytosis with diagram.
4. Define coagulation. What are the basic steps of coagulation? Give the intrinsic pathway of coagulation in a flow chart.
5. Name the different blood groups of ABO and Rh system with their corresponding antigens and antibodies. Write
about the acute renal shut down due to mismatched blood transfusion.
6. Enumerate the movements of alimentary tract. Describe the pharyngeal phase of swallowing.
7. Name the gastrointestinal hormones. state the functions and regulation of secretion of any two of them.
8. Write short notes on: i) Compare the primary active transport and facilitated diffusion
ii) Functions of plasma protein
GROUP-B

9. Define cardiac cycle and enumerate the charges those occur in heart during cardiac cycle. Write about the left
ventricular pressure changes during cardiac cycle with a diagram.
10. Draw and label a normal ECG. Write down the interpretations of different types of waves of an ECG.
114
Physiology Paper :1
:

11. Give the functional classification of blood vessel with examples. List the factors affecting peripheral resistance.
State the Poiseuille's law.

12. Give an outline of neural regulation of respiration.

13. Name the different types of blood pressure with their normal ranges. Write in short the baroreceptor feedback
mechanism for blood pressure regulation.
14. Draw and label a spirogram showing different lung volumes and capacities with their normal values. What is the
importance of residual volume?
15. Define and classify hypoxia with examples. What is apnoea?
16. Write short notes on: i) Systemic capillary fluid exchange mechanism
ii) AV-nodal delay
First Professional MBBS Examination of November-2017
Subject: physiology (Paper-I)
Group - A
1. Draw a typical cell membrane. write down the functions of cell membrane protein.
2. Define hemostasis. Mention the events of hemostasis. Why blood does not clot intravascularly?
3. Nome the important plasma proteins with their normal value. Enumerate the functions of plasma proteins.
4. List the cell membrane and transport processes with examples. Mention the importance of Na-K* pump.
5. Name the different blood groups of ABO & Rh systems with their corresponding. antigens and antibodies. State
the hazards of mismatched blood transfusion.
6. Name the gastrointestinal hormones. Write down the regulation of secretion and functions of secretin.
7. List the movements of GIT. Wirt about the defecation reflex.
8. Write short notes on: (i) Fate of RBC (ii) Peristalsis
9. List the junctional tissues of heart. Write down the conduction of cardiac impulse throughout the heart with
diagram.
10. Name the mechanisms of blood pressure regulation. Write in short the baroreceptor feedback mechanism for
bloodIpressure regulation when blood pressure rises.
11. Define venous return, stroke volume and cardiac cycle. Mention the changes those occur in heart during cardiac
cycle.
12. Enumerate the respiratory centers with their locations and functions. What is respiratory ramp signal?
13. Draw and label oxy-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Give the importance of steep part of the curve.
14. Give an outline of chemical regulation of respiration.
15. Name the pulmonary volumes and capacities with their normal values. Write down the importance of FEV.
16. Write short notes on : (i) Hypoxia
(ii) Vasodilator and vasoconstrictor.
First Professional MBBS Examination of May-2017
Subject: physiology (Paper-I)
Group - A
1. Name the cellular organelles. Discuss the functions of any two of them.
2. Draw and label a typical action potential. Give an outline of generation of resting membrane potential in a large
never fiber.
3. Write down the differential count of WBC. Mention the functions of agranulocytes.
4. Give an outline of the extrinsic pathway of prothrombin activator formation. What are the fates of a blood clot?
5. List the functions of platelet. What do you mean by thrombocytopenic purpura ?
6. Give the functions of large intestine. Write about the defecation reflex.
7. Write about the enteric nervous system with its role on movement of GI tract. What is BER?
8. Write short notes on: i) Maturation factors of RBC ii) Fibrinolysis
GROUP-B

9. Enumerate the properties of cardiac muscle. Explain any two of them.

10. Name the different types of blood pressure with their normal ranges. Write down the renin-angiotensin
aldosterone mechanism for regulation of blood pressure.
11.
Define cardiac output. Calculate the cardiac output by applying the Fick's
factors
principle. Mention the
affecting it.
12. Give the functional classification of blood vessel. Explain the relationship of blood flow with radius of blood
vessel.
13. Draw and label the respiratory membrane. Briefly discuss about the factors affecting gas diffusion through this
membrane.

14. Name the forms by which CO₂ is transported through blood. Discuss the chloride shift mechanism.
15. Describe the basic mechanism of rhythmic breathing showing the different pressure changes in a diagram.
16. Writhe short notes on :i) Respiratory volumes ii) Surfactant
 Physiology Paper : I 115

1st Professional MBBS Examination of November, 2016

Subject: Physiology, Paper I
Group-A
1.
2.
Define homeostasis. "Negative feedback mechanism is beneficial to our body" explain with example.
List the active transport processes across the cell membrane with an example of each. Describe the Na*-K* pump
mechanism with its importance.
3. Define erythropoiesis. Mention its stages. Write in short the fate of RBC.
4. Name the important plasma proteins with their normal value. Write down the functions of plasma proteins.
5. Define hemostasis. Mention the events of hemostasis. Why blood does not clot intravascularly?
6. Name the local hormones of GIT. Give the functions and regulation of secretion of any two of them.
7. Name the movement of different parts of alimentary tract. List the factors stimulating and inhibiting gastric
emptying.
8. Write short notes: (i) Anaemia (ii) Hazards of mismatched blood transfusion.
Group-B
9. Write down the conduction of cardiac impulse throughout the heart with diagram. What is A-V nodal delay?
Give its significance.
10. Define cardiac cycle. Mention the changes those occur in heart during cardiac cycle. Show the left ventricular
pressure changes during cardiac cycle in a diagram.
11. Draw and Label a normal ECG. Write down the significance of P.R interval.
12. Define stroke volume and cardiac output. Discuss the factors regulating cardiac output.
13. Draw and label a spirogram showing different lung volumes and capacities with their normal value. What are the
importance of residual volume?
14. Enumerate the respiratory centers with their location and functions. What is inspiratory ramp signal?
15. Define hypoxia. Classify it with causes. Why is O₂ therapy not effective in some hypoxia?
16. Write short notes on: (i) Hering-Breuer reflex (ii) Vital capacity.
E

July 2016: PHYSIOLOGY (PAPER-1)

GROUP-A

1. Define homeostasis write about the negative feedback mechanism with example.
2. Define coagulation. What are the basic steps of coagulation? Write about the intrinsic pathway of coagulation.
3. Define active transport. Classify it with example. How does active transport differ from passive transport?
4. Name the important plasma proteins with their normal value Enumerate the functions of plasma proteins.
5. Name the different types of blood pressure with their normal value. Write-down baroreceptor feedback
mechanism of regulation of blood pressure.
6. Give the properties of cardiac muscle and explain any two of them.
7. List the junctional tissues of heart write down the conduction of cardiac impulse throughout the heart with
diagram.
8. Write short notes on: (i) Heart sounds (i) P-P interval
GROUP-B

9. Draw and label the respiratory membrane. Briefly discuss about the factors affecting gas diffusion through this
membrane.
10. How is CO₂-transported from tissues to the lung?
11. Draw a spirogram showing different lung volumes and capacities with their normal value. What are the
significances of FEV₁?
12. Give an outline of chemical regulation of respiration.
13. Define and classify hypoxia what is Bohr effect?
14. Give an account of mechanism of secretion of gastric HC1.
15. Enumerate the movements of alimentary tract. Describe the pharyngeal phase of swallowing.
16. Write short notes on: (i) surfactant (ii) Bile salts
MAY 2016: PHYSIOLOGY (PAPER-1)
GROUP-A

1. Define resting membrane potential and action potential. Draw and label a typical action potential.
2. Name the contractile units of muscle. Mention the steps of molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction.
3. Give the normal count of platelet. Write down the role of platelet in platelet plug formation and clot retraction.
4. Define blood coagulation. Write down the basic steps of coagulation. Schematically mention the extrinsic
pathway of prothrombin activator formation.
5. Give the functions of WBC. Write about phagocytosis with diagram.
6. State the Land-Steiner's law. Name the agglutinogen and agglutinins present in ABO system. Briefly explain the
erythroblastosis foetalis
7.
Give an outline of pharyngeal phase of swallowing. What is basic electrical rhythm in GIT?
8. Write short notes on: (i) Gastric emptying (ii) Movements of large intestine.
116
Physiology Paper : I

GROUP-B

9. Give the normal value of heart rate at different age. Write down the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic
stimulation on heart. What is vagal tone?
10. Give the functional classification of blood vessel. State briefly the systemic capillary fluid exchange mechanism.
11. Briefly discuss the regulation of blood pressure by baroreceptor feedback mechanism.
12. Enumerate the properties of cardiac muscle and describe any two of them.
13. Describe briefly the basic mechanism of respiration showing the different pressure changes in a diagram.
14. Draw and label oxy-haemoglobin dissociation curve. Give the importance of steep part of the curve.
15. Give an outline of chemical regulation of respiration.
16. Write short notes on: (i) Respiratory centers (ii) Chloride shift mechanism

First Professional MBBS Examination of November-2015

Subject: Physiology, Paper-I
Group-A
1. Draw and label a typical cell. Write down the function of golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum.
2. Define homeostasis. "Positive feedback mechanism is usually harmful to our body" - explain it with example.
3. Name the plasma proteins with their normal value. Enumerate the functions of plasma proteins.
4. What are the changes occur during the maturation of RBC? Write in short the fate of RBC.
5. Briefly state the hazards of mismatched blood transfusion.
6. Name the gastrointestinal hormones. Write down the regulation of secretion and function of hormone
7. List the movements of GIT. Write about the defecation reflex.
8. Write short notes on: (i) Mechanism of platelet plug formation (ii) Na** - K* pump
Group-B
9. Why is SA node called the pacemaker of the heart? Show the cardiac impulse conduction throughout the heart
with diagram.
10. Enumerate the different types of blood pressure with their normal value. Write in short the rennin-angiotensin -
aldosterone mechanism of blood pressure.
11. Define cardiac output. State about the factors influencing it.
12. Draw and label the respiratory membrane. Write down the factors affecting gas diffusion through the respiratory membrane.
13. Give the definition and normal value of all respiratory volumes. What are the importances of residual volume?
14. Give an outline of the chemical regulation of respiration.
15. Define and classify hypoxia with examples. What is apnea?
16. Write short notes on: (i) Surfactant (ii) Heart sounds
First Professional MBBS Examination of May-2015
Subject: Physiology, Paper-I
1. Draw and label a typical cell membrane. Write down the functions of membranous protein and carbohydrate.
2. List the transport processes across the cell membrane.
Draw and label Na-K* pump mechanism and describe its importance.
3. Define coagulation. What are the basic steps of coagulation?
Write about the intrinsic pathway of prothrombin activator formation showing the use of Ca** in it.
4. Give the differential count of WBC. Write about phagocytosis.
5. Give the normal count and morphology of platelet. Write down the functions of platelet.
6.
What are the basic movements of GIT? Write about the pharyngeal phase of deglutition.
7. Write about the enteric nervous system with its functional significance. What are the effects of parasympathetic
denervation on GIT?
8.
Write short notes on: (i) functions of plasma proteins
(ii) factors influencing erythropoiesis
GROUP-B
9. Mention the normal value of different types of blood pressure.
How does the baroreceptor reflex mechanism control blood pressure?
10. Draw and label the ECG with its interpretation. Give the importance P-R interval.
11. What are the changes associated with cardiac cycle? Discuss the left ventricular pressure changes during cardiac
cycle with diagram.
12. Write down the basic mechanism of respiration showing the differentpressure changes in a diagram.
13. Give the name of respiratory centers with their locations and functions. Write down the importance of
inspiratory ramp signal.
14. Draw and label oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve. What is the importance of steep part of the curve?
15. Name the forms in which CO₂; is transported in blood. How is CO₂ transported from the tissues to lungs?
16. Write short notes on:
(i) factors influencing cardiac output
(ii) regulation of heart rate
 117
Physiology Paper : I

UNIVERSITY QUESTION (MCQ)

University of Dhaka
Multiple Choice Question (MCQ)
Full Marks - 20 Time: 30 minutes
First Professional MBBS Examination May, T e. secretion of secretin
2021(held in October'21) 11. Carbon dioxide is transported in blood in
Subject: physiology; paper - I T a. the form of bicarbonate ion
1. Positive feed back mechanism is involved in T b. dissolved state
T a. blood clotting T c. combination with hemoglobin
b. regulation of CO2 in ECF F d. combination with 2,3 DPG
c. child birth F e. combination with free fatty acid
d. generation of nerve signal 12. Inspiratory muscles during quiet breathing is
e. regulation ofblood pressure Т a. external intercostals

DEFT RE
2.

Facilitated diffusion b. rectus abdominis

a. is a downhill process Т c. the diaphragm
b. requires energy d. sternocleidomastoid

FTLMARESIN
c. occur without earrier protein e. scaleni
d. shows characteristics of V-max 13. Respiratory centers are
e. is involved in glucose absorption in enterocyte Т a. pneumotaxic centre
3.

The cell membrane proteins can act as Τ b. dorsal respirator group of neuron
a. structural elements Т c. ventral respiratory group of neuron
b. transporter of molecules F d. supraoptic nucleus
c. cenergy producer F e. paraventricular nucleus
d. cellular defense system 14. Factors causing collapse of lung include
T a. recoil tendency of the lung
e. enzyme
4. Coagulation of blood requires F b. negative intrapleural pressure
a. calcium ion T c. elastic fiber of lung
b. albumin T d. surface tension
c. Vit-K F e. residual volume

d. heparin 15. Peripheral resistance increases due to

HT ARTS
e. folic acid Τ a. increase in viscosity of blood
5. Mature RBC Т b. increased sympathetic stimulation
a. is a biconcave disc c. anemia
b. has nucleoli d. vasovagal attack
c. contains hemoglobin Т e. vasoconstriction
d. has a life span of 12 days 16. Long term regulation of arterial pressure
e. is smaller in size than that of immature RBC includes
6. Functions of white blood corpuscles are a. Baroreceptor reflex mechanism
a. phagocytosis b. Renin Angiotensin aldosterone mechanism
b. inflammation c. CNS ischemic response

FERS T
c. antibody production d. Bain-bridge reflex
d. maintenance of pH e. renal body fluid mechanism
e. coagulation 17. Properties of cardiac muscles are
7.

Na-K pump a. autorhythmicity

b. conductivity
T

a. requires no energy
b.is responsible for generation of resting membrane potential c. summation

c. is an example secondary active transport d. adaptation

Τ d. is an electrogenic pump e. contractility
18. Following factors increase heart rate
e. prevents swelling of cell
8. a. exercise
Factors help to cause lysis of clot
T a. active protein C b. barorecptor reflex stimulation
b. plasmin
Т c. Bainbridge reflex
c. tissue thromboplastin
T d. increase body temperature
F e. parasympathetic stimulation
ŵ

d. platelet derived growth factor

CFTÄAU
19. A node
T ˜˜˜

e. thrombomodulin
9.

Saliva plays an important role in a. is innervated by vagus

a. prevention of dental caries
T b. discharges most rapidly
T c. has contractile elements
b. excretion of ammonia and salt
T d. is connected to AV node by internodal fibres
-Å

c. protein digestion
T e. rich in leaky Ca++ channels
d. buffering action
20Ð

Cardiac out put

.

e. deglutition
ÉREA

a. is directly proportinonal to diastolic filling

10.

Function of colon include

T b. depends on heart rate
a. absorption of water
b. absorption of electrolytes c. increases when heart rate is above 180 beats/min
c. storage of fecal matter d. influences peripheral resistance
d. production e. in different in two ventricles
118 Physiology Paper : I

First Professional MBBS Examination May, T e) increased acetylcholin secretion

2021(held in October'21) 12. ESR

Subject: physiology; paper-I F a) decreases in old age

1. Simple diffusion through cell membrane occurs for T b) increases in pregnancy
a) glucose T c) is increased in tuberculosis
F
T b) lipid soluble substances T d) is lower in high altitude
F c) water soluble substances T e) has prognostic value
d) Nation 13. First heart sound Site
F
F e) amino acids T a) is produced due to sudden closure of A-V valve
2. Positive feedback mechanism is applicable in F b) is dull and prolonged
F a) regulation of blood pressure T c) indicates the end of systole
T b) blood coagulation
F d) is best heard over aortic area
beat
c) acid base balance T e) coincides with apex
F
14. EDV depends on
T d) progressive stages during labour
T a) ventricular contractility
Te) permeability of specific ions during action potential

FEE D E D
F b) atrial distensibility
3.Na-K* pump mechanism
F a) is a secondary active transport process T c) filling time
T d) effective filling pressure
Fb) generates membrane potential of about 86my
c) maintain cell volume T e) stroke volume
T
Td) is an electrogenic pump 15. During exercise
T a) heart rate increases
T e) requires energy as ATP
Blood group antigens are b) TPR increases
4.
a) found in WBC membrane c) blood flow to the heart decreases
F
b) beta globulins
d) blood flow in the skin decreases
F
F c) all equally immunogenic. T e) cardiac output increases
T d) present in fetal blood 16. Upper air passages are involved in the following functions
T e) polysaccharide in nature T a) warming and humidifying the air
5. Plasma proteins
T b) passage for air entering the lung
a) involved in blood coagulation F c) formation of antibodies
T
T b) have buffering action T d) cough reflex
T c) maintain blood pressure F Ophagocytes foreign particles
17. Residual volume is
d) reduce inflammation.
Fe) are secreted from kidney F a) the gas remaining in the lung at the end of normal
FEFFFFFTEÅTTRE

6. Erythropoietin expiration
a) is a chromoprotein Т b) more in men than women
c) about 2000ml in young adult

FST B Ä E
Т b) stimulates RBC production
c) is activated in lungs. T d) responsible for supply of O, in between breaths
Т d) is secreted from kidney Т e) an important factor to prevent lung collapse
18.

e) is secreted in response to hypoxia In forceful inspiration following muscles are involved

7. Prothrombin activator consists of Т a) sternocleidomastoid
b) abdominal recti
a) prothrombin
c) internal intercostal
T b) phospholipids
Τ d) external intercostal
c) factor V
d) factor LX Т e) scalene
19.

Surfactant

e) activated factor X
8.

Chemical factors that are released during hemostasis include a) is a lipoprotein complex.
Τ
b) is formed by type II pneumocytes
T

a) serotonin
b) thromboxane Az c) causes collapsing of lung
c) angiotensin II T d) is a surface active agent in H2O
d) bradykinin F e) contains Cat
20. The local blood vessels dilate due to increased
e) platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)
9. Gastrin secretion F a) Calcium ions concentration
T b) potassium ions concentration
a) is stimulated by somatostatin
b) inhibited by epinephrin F c) oxygen level
c) stimulated by distension T d) temperature
T e) nitric oxide
T
d) stimulated by peptides
T e) inhibited by secretin First Professional MBBS Examination May &
10. Swallowing Novemver, 2020(held in Feb'21)
F a) center is located in midbrain Subject: physiology; paper - I
T b) is initiated by voluntary action 1. Sodiam potassium pump mechanism
T c) is a reflex response T a. requires ATP
d) process T
F is associated with apnoea b. is responsible for the generation of resting
T e) has three phases membrane potential 1

11. Heart rate is increased by c. is an example of secondary active transport

FT ZF d. is an electrogenic pump
Τ
F a) stimulation of baroreceptor
F b) vagal stimulation e. damage causes cell volume decrease
T c) Bain Bridge reflex 2. Cell membrane
T d) exercise a. is more permeable to Na* than K*
 Physiology Paper : I 119

F b. separates blood from extracellular fluid T a. are inherently leaky to Na* ions
T
c. is permeable to fat soluble substances serves as a F
b. have threshold voltage of about -45mv
defensive layer against F c. need external impulse for their stimulation
T d. invasion of foreign particle F d. transmit impulse at a higher velocity
T e. contains receptor protein and ion channels T
3. e. impulse generation rate is more
Events in skeletal muscle contractions are 14. An act of quiet inspiration
T a. discharge of motor neuron T a. decreases venous return to the heart
b. release acetylcholine at motor end plate
FEF
T
T
b. is an active process
T c. binding acetylcholine with adrenergic receptor T c. involves abdominal muscular contraction
F
d.Increased Ča+ conductance in end plate T
d. begins when intra alveolar pressure falls below
membrane
atmospheric pressure
e. generation of end- plate potential E
T
e. involves contraction of diaphragm
4. Blood volume is
15. Oxy-hemoglobin dissociation curve is shifted to
a. 70 ml/kg body weight the left by
b. about 15% of total body weight Т a. increase p

TER I

FATES8
c. calculated by dye dilution method b. fetal hemoglobin
T d. decreased after hemorrhage F c. increase 2,3 DPG
e. increased in severe dehydration F d. increase PO₂
5. Plasma proteins F e. increase PCO₂
a. are involved in blood coagulation 16 CO₂ is transported in the blood
b. have buffering action T a. in dissolved form
c. maintain body temperature T b. as HCO3
d. reduce inflammation F c. is bound to cl
e. transport respiratory gases F d. is bound to 2,3 DPG
6. Lymphocytes T e. as carbamino compound
a. are produced in lymphoid tissue 17. Spirometer in used to measure
b. are produced in liver
c.
d.
induced passive immunity
are concerned with cell mediated immunity
CEEA
T
T
F
a. residual volume
b. functional residual capacity
c. forced expiratory vital capacity
e. produced interleukin T d. tidal volume
7. Hemostasis is associated with F e. total lung capacity
a. plasma T b. blood vessels 18. Respiration is stimulated by
T

c. fibrinolytic system Т a. excess CO₂ in blood

d. platelet T b. excess hydrogen ion in the blood

HTFAS
e. WBC
c. decreased atmospheric temperature
8.

The local blood vessels dilate due to increased d. increased PH of blood

FTTELSEFFLE

concentration of e. decreased concentration of O2 in the blood

a. calcium ion 19. GIT hormones are
b. potassium ion Т a. gastrin
c. magnesium ion Т b. substance P
d. endothelin c. insulin
e. sodium ion
d. thyroxin
9.

Plateau in cardiac muscle is due to Т e. chemically polypeptide in nature

a. leaky sodium channel 20. Gastrointestinal smooth muscle
b. influx of K Т a. function as a synsytium
c. efflux of Na Τ b. contract rhythmically
d. slow calcium-sodium channel c. occurs in cardiac muscle
e. contraction to lasts up to 15 times as long as in d.have spike potential which are not true action
SEEFELELI

skeletal muscle potential

10. Factors affecting venous return are T
e. action potential are same as nerve potential spike
a. colloidal osmotic pressure of blood potential lasts for 10 to 20 milliseconds
b. gravity
c. right atrial pressure
d. right ventricular pressure
e. mean systende filling pressure
11.

Diastolic blood pressure First prof. MBBS Exam. of November, 2019

a. is 60-90 mmHg Subject: physiology; paper - 1.
b. is increased in heavy exercise 1. The human cell nucleus
T

F
c.is the
diastole
minimum

d. is more in standing position

pressure during ventricular
LF T a. contiatins 44 chremosomes
b. has carymes required for cellular respiration
c. has a membrane which is permeable to muscle
T e. depends on cardiac output acid
12. Capillaries d. is necessary for cell division

TEN T
T a. are the vessels through where fluid exchange occurs e. stores genetics matcrial in the muclecolus
T b. have least cross sectional area 2. Facilitqated diffraction
F c. store the blood a. shows charscieristies of V max
F
d. have a blood pressure equal to 80 mm of Hg b. is a downhill process
T e. are not under sympathetic tone F
c. tequired energy
13. SA nodal fibers
d. shows charactrristies of comptitive inhibition
120 Physiology Paper : I

FTTFSE
e. occur without carrier protein b. heart rate

3. Lysosome Т c. gravity
a. is surrounded by plasma membrane Τ d. thoracoabdomianal pump
b. contains hydrolase enzymes e. initial length of muscle fiber

F3TAIREON
c. forms inrtracellula digestive system 16 The residual volume is
d. contaies oxidases a. the gas remaining in the lung at the end ofnormal

TEEFSELEDEⓇELLE
e. is formed in smooth endoplasmic reticulum depletion
4.

b. more in men than women

Hatmolysis of RBC is caused by Т

Т a. antigeo-antibody reaction c. about 2000 ml in young adult

Т

b. toxin F c. hypoxia Т d. responsible for supply of O₂ in between breath

d. Rh incompatibilly F e. hypertonic solution Т e. an important factor to prevent lung collapse
Rate of respiration is increased
5.

Bleeding disorder occurs in 17.

a. anaemia F b. eyanosin Т a. at a high altitude
T d. harmophilia b. when PH increased
c. throkmbocytepenia
e. vitamin K deficiency Т c. when plasma CO₂ level is raised
6. A and B agglutinogens are found in d. during muscular exercise
a. ovary gland F b. testes Т e. when pneumothoraxic center is stimulated
c. WBC membrane 18. Carbon dioxide
F d. eyes
e. liver Т a. is more soluble than O₂
b. cannot penetrate the blood brain barrier
7.

In adult, RBC is produced by the red bone

c. can also be transported as dissolve state
TTFTB

marrow of
a. skull bone T b. ribs Т d. exerts partial pressure of 95 mum of Hg in left
c. stermum
ventecle

d. shaft of long bone T e. can acts as a stimulus for respirations

e. vertebras
FÅ
19. Following muscle is involve in forceful
inspiration
FFFF
8. Plasma proteins
F

T a. stenocleidomastoid
a. are produced in bone marrow
b. concentration depend on dietary proteins T b. abdominal recti
T
T c. internal intercostal
T c. help to regulate acid base balance
T e. are concede with immunity T d. exteral inrtercostal
ÅFFFFe

e. scalenic
9. Factor inhibit emptying of stomach includes
T a. CCK 20. Plateau in action potential
b. enterogastric reflex T a. caused by inactivation of fast Na* channel
T b. caused by activation of K* channel

TE UT
F c. gastrin
d. gasolier reflex T c. occurs in cardiac muscle ++

Τ e. acids duodenal chyme T d. occurs due to delayed closure of ca channel

10. Bile salts T e. means sustained depolarization
a. are edemial for fat digestion First prof. MBBS Exam. of May, 2019
bc

. are derived from cholesterol Subject: physiology; paper -1

.

in

small
are

intestine
upper
absorbed

1. Mitochondria
T d. form nucelles a. is a round shaped organelle

LFTE
F d. inhibit hile accretion by the liver b. is not self replicative
11. Heart rate is accentuated by c. has its own DNA
T a. inspiration d. is a power house
T b. hypoxia e. contains proteolytic enzymes
F c. expiration 2. Active transport
T d. fever
F e. fear
a. is an uphill transport
12. Properties of cardiac muscle are b. requires no energy
c. needs no carrier
T a. automaticity
F b. adoptation d. can be classified into primary and secondary
F c. prolong refractory period active transport
T d. conductivity T e. process occurs in Na* K* pump mechanism
T e. summation 3. Lipid barrier of cell membrane
T a. is fluid in nature
13. Cardiac output
T a. increases in exercise T b. prevents passage of water soluble substances

LF T
b. is inversely proportional to diastolic filling F
c. does not allow passage of N₂
c. depends on heart rate T d. contains cholesterol
d. usually decreases when a person lies down F
e. allows easy transport of o₂ and CO2
Τ e. is expressed as liters min 4. Platelets contain
14. The baroreceptor reflex mechanism T a. ADP
F a. does not regulate blood pressure during posture F b. actin and myosin
T b. has no effect on long term regulation of blood F c. ACTH
pressure F d. vitamin C
T
c. is a pressure buffer system T e. growth factor
T d. stimulates when blood pressure falls 5. Hemostasis associated with :
T . is a negative feedback mechanism
e15.Factor affecting venous return is SFT a. plasma
b. blood vessels
T a. skeletal muscle pump
 121
Physiology Paper : I

T c. fibrinolytic system T c. saturates inspired air with water

T d. platelets T d. is 150 ml in young adult
F e. WBC F e. decreases during deep inspiration
6. Clotting time is 16. A shift of the O2-Hb dissociation curve of blood
F a. 14-16 minutes in a normal person. to the right
T b. increased in hemophilia. a. occurs in the pulmonary capillaries

HT F IT
F c. deceased in theombocytopenia. b. when blood temperature rises
T d. decreased in thrombocytopenia c. favours O₂ release to the tissues
T e. the time required for activation of clotting factors d. favours O₂ uptake from the lungs by alveolar
7. Maturation of FBC means e. increases the affinity of O₂ to Hb.
17. Vital capacity is
T a. presence of Hb. a. the volume of air expired forecfully after forceful
F b. cells are lager in size
inspiration.
T c. absence of mitochondria F b. increased as one grows older.
T d. cytoplasmic stain becomes acidic. T c. greater in men than in women of the same age
T e. presence of mitosis. and height
8. Neutrophil granulocytes T d. related to strength of respiratory muscles
T a. depends mainly on atrial contraction. F e. the sum of the inspiratory and expiratory reserve
T b. begins during isovolumetric relaxation. volumes.
T c. have a lifespan of 3-4 weeks in the circulation 18. The spirometer is to measure
F d. contain action and myosin microfilaments. T a. residual volume
F e. contain coarse graniles T b. functional residual capacity
9. Ventricular resistance T c. forced expiratory vital capacity
T d. tidal volume
F a. depends mainly on atrial contraction
F e. total lung capacity
F b. begins during isovolumetric relaxation
T c. gives rise to third heart sound 19. Small intestinal motility is increased by
F d. can occur only when atrial pressure is greater
F a. gastrin
F b. insulin
than atmospheric pressure. F c. cholecystokinin
T e. is most rapid in the first half of diastole T d. secretin
10. Vascular resistance
T e. gluceagon
F a. increases when the vascular radius decreases.
20. Liver
F b. is related to the thickness of the wall of the vessel
T a. stores glycogen
T c. is related to the length T b. synthesizes prothrombin
T d. is affected by blood viscosity T c. stores bile salt
T e. is greater un the capillary bed than in the T d. maintains blood glucose level
arteriolar bed. T e. converts NH4 to urea

11. Sympathetic drive to heart is increased during First prof. MBBS Exam. of November, 2018
a. exercise Subject: physiology; paper - 1

ETAF
T b. excitement 1. the cell membrane proteins can act as
a. structural elements T
Т c. grief
d. hypertension b. transporter of molecules T

e. vasovagal attack c. energy producer F

12. Sinuatrial nodal cells are d. cellular defense system F

a. found in both atria e enzyme T

Т b. innervated by the vagus 2. simple diffusion through the cell membrane
c. able to generate impulses when completely involves.
d. connected to the AV node by fine bundles of a. glucose F

purkinje fibers b. oxygen T

Т
T e. able to generate impulses because of their less c. sodium ion F
negative membrane potential. d. steroid hormone T
13. The following factors contribute to the viscosity e. amino acid F
of blood
F a. plasma 3. Endoplasmic reticulum
T b. sodium a. is a non- membranous organelle F

T c. potassium ion b. is concerned with glycogen synthesis F

F d. erythrocytes c. has attached ribosome T

T e. leukocytes d. is also termed as sarcoplasmic reticulum in a muscle T

14. The respiratory centre e. is concerned with lipid synthesis F
F a. is in the hypothalamus. 4. Haemolysis of RBC is caused by
T b. sends impulses to inspiratory muscles during a. antigen- antibody reaction T
forcefull breathing b. toxin T
F c. sends impulses to expiratory muscles during quiet c. hypoxia F
breathing
T d. is involved in the swallowing reflex
d. Rh incompatibility T
e. hypertonic solution F
T e. is involved in the vomiting reflex
5. Hemophilia is
15. Respiratory dead space
F a. a genetic disorder T
a. takes part in gaseous exchange
F b. decreases with age b. caused by defective autosome F
122 Physiology Paper : I
c. lack of factor VIII T e. scalene F
d. carried by female T 16. Release of O₂ to the tissue in increased with
e. developmental abnormality F a. an increase in local pH F
6. Erythropoietic factor is b. an increase in pCO2 T
a. protein T c. a decrease in temperature F
b. vitamin C F d. a fall in pO₂ F
c. folic acid e. an increase in p50 T
d. ACTH F 17. pulmonary surfactant increases
e. hypoxia T a. the surface tension of the fluid lining alveolar
walls
7. Coagulation of blood requires T

a. calcium ion T
b. lung compliance T
c. in effectiveness as the lungs are inflated F
b. vit - K T
d. in amount when pulmonary blood flow is
c. vit-C F
interrupted
d. heparin
T
e. in amount in fetal lung during the last month of
e. platelet
pregnancy T
8. serum is
18. Factors affecting vital capacity are
a. a body fluid T
a. age T
b. associated with clot retraction F

T FE
b. airway resistance T
c. enriched with fibrin
c. strength of respiratory muscle T
d. plasma minus plasma protein
e. used for biochemical reaction T
d. elastic recoil tendency of the lungs
e. posture
9. End diastolic volume depends on
19. Gastrin
a. myocardial contraction F

b. cardiac distensibility F
a. promotes secretion of gastric juice T

b. increases gastric motality F

c. arterial contraction T
c. promotes growth of gastric mucosa T
d. filling time T
T
d. slows gastric emptying F
e. filling pressure
10. Vasoconstricion occurs due to e. causes contraction of pyloric sphincter F
20. Gastrointestinal hormone is
a. release of thromboxane A2 T
a. CCK T
b. release of CO₂ F
b. motilin T
c. norepinephrine secretion F
c. histamine F
d. formation angiotensin II T
D d. GIP
e. increased K
11. SA node
e. enterokinase F

First Prof. MBBS Exam. of May 2018

a. is innervated by vagus T

b. discharges most rapidly T Subject: Physiology Paper- I

F
1. Facilitated diffusion is a
c has contractile elements
d connected to A-V node by internodal pathways T a. carrier mediated transport process. T

TF T
e. rich in leaky Ca* channels T b. metabolic energy dependant transport.
12. Cardiac output c. passive process. T

a. increases in exercise T d. form of counter transport.

e. downhill movement. T
b. is directly proportional to diastolic filling F
2. Intracellular calcium ion remains stored in
c. depends on heart rate T
a. endoplasmic reticulum T
d. usually decreases when a person lies down F

e is expressed as liters /min T b. golgi apparatus F

13. the first heart sound c. lysosome T

T d. ribosome F
a. is produced by sudden closure of A-V valves
b. is dull and prolonged T e. peroxisome F

c. indicates the end of systole F 3. The factors which enhances the pancreatice juice
d is best heard over the aortic & pulmonary area F secretion.

e. coincides with the apex best T a. secretin T

14. CO₂ is transported in the blood b. gastrin F
a. in dissolved form T T
c. cholecystokinin
b. as HCO3 T
d. somatostatin F
c. is bound to CI F
e. catecholamines F
d. as carbamino compound T
4. Total count of RBC is increased in.
e. in carboxy haemoglobin F
a. anaemia F
15. Inspiratory muscles during quiet breathing are
b. jaundice F
a. external intercostals T
c. hypoxia T
b. internal intercostals F

T
d. in high altitude T
c. diaphragm
F
e. erythroblastosis fetalis T
d. sternocleidomastoid
5. Foetal hemoglobin.
 Physiology Paper : 1 123

a. cannot be found after birth T b. anaemia F

b. has low affinity for oxygen

c. binds easily with 2,3 DPG
c. dehydration
d. vasoconstriction
TFS
T

d. is alkali resistant e. histamine F

e. has higher p50 16. In forceful expiration following muscles are

involved
6. Blood platelets a. sternocleidomastoid F
a. release vasoconstrictor agents T b. anterior serrate F

b. provide phospholipids for coagulation T c. scalene F

c. are formed in bone marrow. d. abdominal recti

T
d. have a small nucleus e. internal intercostal
F
17. Carbondioxide.
e. can not change shape T
a. is more soluble than O₂ Т
7. Blood group antigens are.

F TE T
b. cannot penetrate the blood brain barrier
a. carried on the Hb molecules F
c. is transported in dissolve state Т
b. immunoglobins T d. exerts partial pressure of 40 mm of Hg in left
c. regularly immunogenic F heart Т
d. present in fetal blood T e. can acts as a stimulus for respiration Т

e. present in red cell membrane T 18. At high altitude, there is an increase in.
8. Clotting time is. a. pulmonary ventilation

TERT
b. arterial PO₂
a. 14-16 minutes in a normal person F

b. increased in hemophilia T
c. arterial pH
d. residual volume.
c. decreased in thrombocytopenia F
e. red cell count
d. a test for bleeding disorder T
19. The residual volume is
e. the time required for activate of clotting factors T a. the gas remaining in the lung at the end of normal
9. Gastrointestinal hormones are expiration F
a. CCK T b. about 5% less in women than in men F
b. GIP T c. about 1200 ml in young adult T
c. insulin
F d. responsible for supply of O₂ in between breaths T
d. motilin T e. an important factor to prevent lung collapse T

e. histamine 20. Heart rate is increased in

F
a. exercise T
10. Functions of colon include
b. excitement T
a. absorption of water T
F
c. hypotension
b. absorption of electrolytes T d. shock

c. secretion of enzymes F
e. vasovagal attack
d. emptying of food F First Prof. MBBS Exam. of November-2017
e. storage of fecal matter T
Subject: Physiology, Paper-I
11. Regarding cardiac cycle. 1. Integral proteins act as
a. it begins with the atrial systole T
a. a receptor for antigen T
b. time is inversely proportional to heart rate T
b. enzymes T
c. atrial systole time is longer than ventricular c. transporter ions T
systole F
d. transporter of lipid F
d. right atrial pressure is equal to left atrial pressure T
e. transporter of water F
e. impulses spread from ventricle to atria F
2. Blood
12. Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve shifted to
a. is a modified connective tissue T
the left due to
a. increased PO₂ F b. pH ranges from 7.2 to 7.5 F

c. helps to regulate body temperature T

b. decreased PCO₂ T

c. decreased 2,3-DPG T d. acts as a buffer

d. increased H* concentration F e. volume decreases in polycythaemia F

e. fetal haemoglobin T 3. Coagulation of blood requires

13. P wave of ECG. a. calcium ion T

a. is due to atrial depolarization T b. vit-K T

b. absent in 1st degree heart block F c. vit-C F

F
c. duration is 0.01 sec d. activation of heparin F
T
d. precedes atrial systole e. platelet T
e. comes after T wave T
4. Cardiac output
14. Diastolic pressure is a. decreases in exercise F
a. more in standing position b. is directly proportional to diastolic filling F
b. more in lying condition c. depends on heart rate T
T
c. 60-90 mm Hg
d. more in severe exercise F d. usually decreases when a person lies down T

e. the minimum pressure during Ventricular diastoleT e. is expressed as liters/min T

15. Peripheral resistance increases due to. 5. Heart rate is accelerated by

T
a. increased viscosity of blood a. inspiration T
124 Physiology Paper : I

b. hypoxia T b. strong sympathetic stimulation

c. expiration F c. irritation of the gut wall
d. fever T d. vagal stimulation
e. fear T e. congenital absence of myenteric plexus F

6. The factors preventing the lung collapse are 16. A-V nodal delay
a. surfactant T
a. prevents overlapping of atrial and ventricular systole
b. residual volume T b. is important for heart muscle to get oxygen T

TF
c. transpulmonary pressure F c. is about 0.1 sec in the A-V node
d. tidal volume F d. due to more gap junctions F

e. vital capacity F e. is important for atrial filling F

7. O₂-Hb dissociation curve is sifted to the right by 17. EDV depends on

a. increased Pc0₂ T a. ventricular contractility F

b. increased Ph F b. atrial distensibility F

c. increased 2, 3-DPG T c. filling time

d. filling pressure T
d. decreased temperature F
e. stroke volume F
e. decreased P0₂ F

8. CO₂ is transported in the blood in the form of 18. Respiratory rate increases
F a. at a high altitude
a. carboxy-hemoglobin
T
b. when blood pH increases F
b. dissolved state

c. HCO3
c. when plasma CO₂ increases T
d. during muscular exercise T
d. O₂-haemoglobin
T e. when pneumotaxic center is stimulated F
e. carbamino-compound
19. Alveolar ventilation is
9. Gastric emptying is stimulated by a. tidal volume x respiratory rate
T F
a. distention of stomach
b. 4.2 liter
perminute T
b. presence of fatty food in stomach F
c. minute ventilation F
c. increased gastric motility T

T
d. (tidal volume dead space volume) x respiratory rate F
d. gastrin
F
e. pulmonary ventilation F
e. relaxation of pyloric sphincter
20. Features of acclimatization to high altitude
10. Small intestinal motility increased by
a. hyperventilation T
a. gastrin b. increased numbers of RBC. T
b. insulin
c. decreased diffusing capacity of the lungs F
c. cholecystokinin d. decreased vascularity of the peripheral tissue F
d. secretin
e. increased ability of the tissue cells to use oxygen
e. glucagon despite low Po₂ T
11. Factors affecting cardiac output are First Professional MBBS Examination May, 2017
a. heart rate T
Subject: Physiology, Paper-I
b. stroke volume T
1. Lipid barrier of cell membrane
c. TPR T
a. allows passage of water soluble substance easily F
d. EDV T
b. is fluid in nature. T
e. ESV F
c. does not allow passage of N, O2, CO2. F
12. Following pointers to be considered during d. contains cholesterol T
examination of pulse e. is composed of phospholipid. T
a. rate T 2. Facilitated diffusion
b. rhythm T
a. is a carrier mediated transport. T

c. pressure F b.requires energy from ATP.

d. volume T c is a passive process. T
e. peripheral resistance F d. is a from of counter transport. F

13. Negative feed back mechanism is involved with e. is always downhill movement T

a. regulation of blood pressure T 3. Cytoskeleton of a cell includes

a. centrioles F
b. blood coagulation F

T b. microtubules
c. regulation of growth hormone secretion
c. microfilaments
d. parturition F
d. ribosomes
e. body temperature regulation T
e. intermediate filaments
14. The following are necessary for hemoglobin
synthesis
4. Blood platelets
a. triglyceride F a. release vasoconstrictor agents. T

b. cholesterol F b. provide phospholipids for coagulation. T

T
c. are formed in bone marrow. T
c. amino acid
d. have a small nucleus. F
d. iron T

e. vit-C T
e. can not change shape. T

Acute renal failure following mismatched blood

5
er
15. Factors stimulating peristalsis are transfusion is due to
a. distension of the gut a. septicemia F
 Physiology Paper: I 125

b. renal vasoconstriction F
T b. adaptation.
c. dehydration
c. prolong refractory period T
d. circulatory shock FTTF d. conductivity. T
e. renal tubular blockage T e. summation. F

6 Clotting time is 16. Carbondioxide

a. about 2 to 6 minutes in a healthy person. a. is less soluble than O₂.
b. imposed in hemophilia. FT b. cannot penetrate the blood brain barrier.
c. decreased in thrombocytopenia. c. is transported as dissolve state.
d. a test for bleeding disorder. T d. exerts Partial pressure of 40 mm Hg in left heart.
e. the time required for activation of clotting e. acts as stimulus for respiration.
factors. T 17. Residual volume is
7 Maturation factors for RBC a. the gas remaining in the lung at the end of normal
a. hypoxia F expiration. F

b. vitamin B12 b. more in men than women. F

c. vitamin C c. about 2000 ml in young adult. F

d. folic acid d. responsible for supply of O₂ in between breaths. T

e. protein F e. an important factor to prevent lung collapse. T
8 Blood volume is. 18. In forceful inspiration, following muscles are
a. about 18% for total body weight of an adult maleF involved

b. about 70ml/kg body weight T

a. sternocleidomastoid F

c. calculated by dye dilution method b. abdominal recti T

d. decreased in diarrhea c. internal intercostals T
T
e. increased in severe dehydration d. external intercostals F
F
9 Mass movement e. scalene F

a. occurs in transverse colon T 19. Respiratory dead space

b. is the mixing movement of large intestine F a. is about 150ml in young adult male T

c. is inhibited by irritation in the colon F b. decreases during deep inspiration T

d. is initiated by gastrocolic reflex F c. saturates inspired air with water vapour T

e. initiate defecation feflex T

d. takes part in gaseous exchange F

10 Factors causing contraction of gall bladder e. increases slightly with age T

20. Lung defense mechanism includes

a. acetylcholine F
b. CCK
a. mucus secretion T
T
18 b. macrophages T
c. fat in small gut T
3 c. negative intrapleural pressure T
d. protein in small gut F d. surfactant T
e. secretin
F e. residual volume T
11. Secretin
First Prof. MBBS Exam. of November, 2016
a. stimulate hydralatic type of pancreatic juice section T Subject: Physiology Paper I
b. stimulate gastric emptying F
1. Substance that can easily diffuses through cell
8 c. augment secretion of cholecystokinin F membrane is
d. release is stimulated by acid chyme in duodenumT a. glucose b. protein
e. increases secretion of liver bile T c. Na d. steroid

12. AV nodal delay is e. Oxygen

a. about 1 second F Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) Fe) T
b. due to more gap junction.
2. Positive feedback mechanism is applicable for
a. regulation of blood pressure,
c. necessary for proper ventricular filling
d. due to excess calcium. F
b. blood coagulation c. parturition
d. acid base balance
e. shortened by sympathetic stimulation e. generation of nerve impulse
13. Regarding cardiac cycle Ans. a) F b) T c) T d) Fe) T
a. it begins with the ventricular systole F
3. ESR is increased in
b. cardiac cycle time is inversely proportional to a. afibrinogenemia
heart rate. T
b. blood coagulation
c. muscular exercise d. menstruation
c. atrial systole time is longer than ventricular
e. pregnancy
systole. T
Ans. a) F b) F c) F d) Te) T
d. right atrial pressure is equal to the atmospheric
F
4. Maturation of RBC is indicated by
pressure.
a. conversion of acid stain to basic
e. impulses spread directly from atria to ventricle. b. its bigger size c. nucleus extrusion
14. Cardiac output d. presence of Hb e. more mitochondria
a. increases in exercise. T
Ans. a) F b) T c) T d) Te) F?
b. is inversely proportional to diastolic filling. 5.
Blood group agglutinogens are
c. depends on heart rate. F
a. found in plasma b. present since birth
T
d. usually decreases when a person. lies down. c. determined by genes
e. is expressed as liters/min. T
d. oligosaccharide in nature
15. Properties of cardiac muscle are e. immunoglobulins
a. automaticity T
Ans. a) F b) T c) T d) Te) F
126
Physiology Paper : 1
6. Vitamin K is necessary for synthesis a. filling time
a. factor-I b. factor-II b. pressure load
c. factor-V d. factor-VI c. myocardial contractility
e. factor-X d. arterial contractility
Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Fe) T e. ventricular distensibility
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) T
7. Polycythemia occurs in
17. Carbon dioxide is transported in blood in
a. hypoxia a. the form of bicarbonate ion
b. iron deficiency b. dissolved state
c. vitamin C deficiency c. combination with Hb
d. malnutrition d. combination with phosphate
e. high altitude e. combination with 2-3 DPG
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Fe) T Ans. a) T b) T c) T d) Fe) F
8. Neutrophilia occurs in 18. Muscle of inspiration in quiet breathing is
a. internal intercostal muscle
a. acute bacterial infection
b. diaphragm
b. after heavy meal c. external intercostal muscle
c. repeated exposure to x-ray
d. sternocleidomastoid
d. allergy
e. chronic bacterial infection e. rectus abdominis
Ans. a) Tb) F c) F d) Fe) T Ans. a) F b) T c) T d) Fe) F
9. Chemical factor which is released during 19. Surfactant
hemostasis include a. is secreted by type pneumocytes.
a. thromboxane A2 b. increases the surface tension of the fluid lining
b. serotonin the alveoli
c. angiotensin-II
c. contains protein
d. bradykinin
d. contain calcium ion
e. platelet derived growth
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Fe) T e. increases in fetal lungs during the last month of
10. Factor stimulating peristalsis includes pregnancy
a. distension of the gut Ans. a) F b) F c) T d) Fe) T
b. vagal stimulation 20. Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve shifts to the
c. irritation ofthe gut wall left by
d. strong sympathetic stimulation a. increased temperature
e. congenital absence of myenteric plexus b. fetal haemoglobin
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Fe) F c. decreased H concentration
11. Gastrin
d. increased pC0₂
a. is produced by cells of gastric mucosa
e. increased 2-3 BPG
b. causes growth of mucosa of intestine
c. stimulates HC1 secretion Ans. a) F b) T c) T d) F e) F
d. secretion is increased by somatostatin First Professional MBBS Exam. of July. 2016
e. secretion is inhibited by phenylalanine Subject: Physiology : Paper I
Ans. a) T b) T c) T d) F e) F 1. Positive feed back mechanism is in
12. Function of the large intestine includes a. blood clotting T
a. storage of faecal matter b. regulation of CO₂ in BCF F
b. absorption of nutrients c. child birth
c. mixing of food particles
d. generation of nerve signal
d. reabsorption of water
e. regulation ofblood pressure F
e. synthesis of vit-K
2. Platelets
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) F
13. First heart sound is a. have muscles
a. short in duration b. have role in blood coagulation
b. produced by closure of semilunar valves c. liberate immunoglobulin
c. heard at the beginning of ventricular systole d. liberate 5 HT
d. low pitched e. are not necessary for clot retraction
e. 80 Hz in frequency
3. Functions of endoplasmic reticulum are to
Ans. a) F b) F c) T d) Te) F
a. synthesize protein T
14. Total peripheral resistance is
b. synthesize lipids T
a. exerted by arteriole and precapillary sphincter
b. decreased by increased vasomotor tone c. produce energy F

c. not related to viscosity of blood d. detoxify substances T

d. decreased after severe exercise e. engulf foreign particles F

e. increased by increasing systolic pressure 4.
Site for erythropoitein production is
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) T a. liver T
15. Heart rate is accelerated due to
b. kidney T
a. stimulation of barorecptors
c. pancreas
b. inspiration
d. gall bladder
c. increased intracranial pressure
e. stomach F
d. thyroid hormone
e. hypoxia
5. Plasma protein
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Te) T a. are involved in blood coagulation T

16. Factor affecting EDV includes b. have buffering action T

 Physiology Paper : I 127

c. maintain body temperature F e. propulsion of food

d. reduce inflammation
e. transport respiratory gases
FF
F

F
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) T
16. Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is shifted to
6. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate the left by
a. decreases in old age a. increased pH
b. increases in pregnancy
c. is increased in tuberculosis
FT b. fetal haemoglobin increase
c. increase in 2,3 DPG
d. is lower in high altitude d. increased pCO₂
e. has prognostic value e. increased pO₂
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Fe) F
7. Chemical factors those are released during
hemostasis include 17. Inspiratory muscles during quiet breathing is
a. external intercostal
a. serotonin T
b. thromboxane A2
b. rectus abdominis
T
c. the diaphragm
c. angiotensin II F d. sternocleidomastoid
d. bradykinin
e. scalene
e. platelet derived growth factor
Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) Fe) F
8. Mature RBC
18. Carbon dioxide is transported in blood in
a. is a biconcave disc a. the form of bicarbonate ion

TE
b. has nucleoli F b. dissolved state
c. contains hemoglobin c. combination with Hb
d. has a life span of 12 days F d. combination with phosphate
e. is smaller in size than that of immature RBC T e. combination with 2,3 DPG
9. Diastolic blood pressure Ans. a) T b) T c) T d) Fe) F
a. is more in standing position T 19. Pepsin is
b. is increased in heavy exercise F a. a hormone

c. is 60-90 mmHg T b. an enzyme

d. depends on cardiac output T c. secreted by chief cells

d. a vitamin
e. is the minimum pressure during ventricular
diastole T
e. formed by activation pepsinogen with HC1
Ans. a) F b) T c) Td) Fe) T
10. The local blood vessel is dilated due to increased
concentration of
20. Rate of respiration increases
a. at a high altitude
a. calcium ions F
b. when blood pH increases
b. potassium ions T
c. when plasma CO₂ increases
c. magnesium ions d. during muscular exercise
d. endothelin F
e. when pneumotoxic center is stimulated
e. sodium ions F
Ans. a) T b) F c) Td) Te) F
11. Heart rate is accelerated by First Professional MBBS Exam. of May. 2016
a. stimulation of baroreceptors T Subject: Physiology: Paper I
b. Bainbridge reflex T 1. Function of lysosomes include
c. sympathetic stimulation a. degradation of macromolecules
d. vagal stimulation F b. synthesis of lipid
e. exercise T c. storage of calcium
2. Factor increasing venous return is d. degradation of worm out organelles
a. gravity e. secretory function
b. muscular activity Ans. a) T 6) F c) F d) Te) T
c. increased light ventricular pressure 2. The resting membrane potential depends on the
d. increased mean systemic filling pressure concentration gradient of
e, increased heart rate a. potassium
Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Te) F b. protein
c. bicarbonate
13. Following is the positive wave in ECG d. sodium
a. P wave
e. calcium
b. Q'wave
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Te) F
c. R wave
1 3. Facilitated diffusion
d. S wave
a. is uphill movement of substances
e. T wave
b. depends on amount of carrier protein c. requires
14. Micelle formation is necessary for absorption of energy
absorption of d. by which water is reabsorbed in PCX
a. vit-D T
e. is used for cellular uptake of glucose
b. vit-B12 F Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Te) T
c. free fatty acids 4. Leucocytosis occurs in a. aplasia of bone marrow
d. monoglyceride T b. acute bacterial infection
e. glycerol F c. repeated exposure to x-ray or radium
15. Motor function of stomach is d. treatment by cytotoxic drug
e. after exercise
a. storage of large quantities of food
b. secretion of gastric juice Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Fe) T
c. release of intrinsic factor
5. Plasma proteins
d. mixing of food particles with gastric juice a. involved in blood coagulation
128 Physiology Paper : I
b. have buffering action c. pyrexia
c. reduce inflammation d. low volume pulse
d. transport respiratory e. high blood pressure
e. act as anion in acid solution Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) F
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) F e) T 14. Secretin
Erythrocytes a. is secreted by S cell
6. a. are oval in shape b. is structurally similar to that of glucagon
b. have rigid cell membrane c. has half life of about 10 minutes
c. contain carbonic anhydrase enzyme d. increases the secretion of bicarbonate ion by the
d. count decrease in high altitude duct cell of pancreas
e. transport respiratory gases e. increases gastric HC1 secretion
Ans. a) F b) F c) T d) Fe) T Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Te) F
7. Immediate hazards of blood transfusion are 15. Small intestinal motility is inhibited by
a. transfer of diseases a. insulin
b. restlessness b. gastrin
c. allergic reaction c. cholecystokinin
d. fever d. secretin

e. anemia e. glucagon
Ans. a) F b) T c) T d) Te) F Ans. a) T b) T c) T d) F e) F
8. Diastolic blood pressure 16. Respiratory center are
a. is more in standing position a. situated in the pons and medulla
b. is increased in severe exercise b. influenced by vagal stimulation
c. is 60-90 mmHg c. inhibited during swallow
d. depends on cardiac output d. stimulated by hypercapnia indirectly
e. is the minimum pressure during ventricular e. inhibited by hypoxia indirectly
diastole Ans. a) T b) T c) T d) F e) F
Ans. a) T b) Fc) T d) Te) T 17. Factors regulating pulmonary circulation
9. Starling forces are include

a. capillary hydrostatic pressure a. pressure within the pulmonary circulation

b. interstitial hydrostatic pressure b. right atrial pressure
c. mean systemic filling pressure c. cardiac output
d. effective fillingpressure d. pulmonary vascular resistance
e. capillary colloidal osmotic pressure e. coronary circulation
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Fe) T Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Te) F
10. The P-wave of ECG is associated 18. Vital capacity.
a. atrial depolarization a. is the amount of air that expired forcefully
b. atrial repolarization b. is more in lying position
c. heart block d. functions of SA node c. depends on strength of respiratory muscles
e. ventricular depolarization d. is increased in obstructive lung disease
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) F Ans. a) F b) F c) T d) Fe)
19. Bohr's effect
11. Factors increasing venous return are
a. prolonged standing a. promotes carbon-dioxide transport in the body
b. increase muscular activity b. occurs when PH of blood falls

c. increase right ventricularpressure c. indicates dissociation of haemoglobin at the

tissue level
d. increase mean systemic filling pressure
e. decrease heart rate d. occurs during exercise
Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Te) F e. occurs due to decreased blood carbondioxide level

12. Cardiac output Ans. a) F b) T c) T d) Te) F

a. is the product of TPR and heart rate 20. Hering-Breuer inflation reflex
b. equals to pulmonary circulation a. occurs when tidal volume becomes 1.5 liters
c. is nearly to venous return b. leads to prolong expiration
d. decreases during exercise c. leads to decreased respiratory rate
e. is 10-20% less in female
d. is mediated by receptors in the alveolar wall
Ans. a) F b) T c) T d) F e) T e. is a protective mechanism
13. Characteristic feature shock includes Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) T
a. cold extremities
b. pallor
 Physiology Paper : II 129

PHYSIOLOGY
PAPER-II

Contents

Renal Physiology & Body Fluid. .130

Endocrinology. .131

Reproductive System .134

Nervous System. .135

Special Sense .138

University (SAQ). .141

University (MCQ)... .147

"

"Mothers should nurse their children for two full years-those who wish
to complete the full term of nursing..."

[Qur'an, Surah Al-Baqarah (2):233]

130 Physiology Paper : II

Renal Physiology & Body Fluid

Structure & Functions of the kidney
Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Draw and label the different parts of a typical nephron. (DU: Ja-22/15, Nov-19/16, Ju-13)
*** 2. Difference between cortical nephron and juxtamedullary nephron. (DU: Jan-22,M-15)
***
3. What are the components of juxtaglomerular apparatus? (DU: Ja-16)
***
4. Enumerate the functions of kidney. (DU: May-20/19/16,Nov-17,Ja-16/15/10/09/08, Ju-13/12)
Or, Mention the the endocrine functions of kidney. (DU: Ja-14, Ja-11)
*** 5. Short note on :
Juxtaglomerular apparatus. (DU: Nov-17)
More Questions:
* 1. Give the functions of DCT. (DU: Ja-09)

Renal blood flow & GER

Exclusive Questions:
**
1. Mention the peculiarities of renal circulation with their physiological/functional importance.
(DU: Jan-22,May-19/18, Ju-14)
*** 2. State the mechanism of auto regulation of renal blood flow. (DU: Ja-13)
Or, How GFR is auto regulated? (DU: M-19/17/16)
*** 3. Define and calculate net/effect filtration pressure. (DU: Oct-21,May-20,Nov-19/18/17/16/15,
Ju-16/15, Ja-14/11)
** 4. Write down the mechanism of filtration in the glomerular membrane. (DU: Ja-13)
** 5. How is the effective filtration pressure created? (DU: Ja-12)
*** 6. What is GFR? (DU: Oct-21,M-17,Ju-16//15/08, Nov-18/15, Ja-14/11/10/07)
*** 7. What are the factors that influence GFR? (DU: Oct-21,Ju-16/15/12, Nov -18/15, Ja-14/11/10)
*** 8. Why is insulin chosen/used for measuring GFR? (DU: Ja-14, Ju-06)
**
9. Draw and label the glomerular membrane. (DU: Ja-13/12)
***
10. What is filtration fraction? (DU: M-17, Nov-16, Ju-16)
***
11. If plasma flow through both kidneys is 650 ml/min, GFR is 125 ml/min what will be the
filtration fraction? (DU: Nov-18)
***
12. Define plasma load. (DU: M-16)
*** 13. What do you mean by tubular load? (DU: M-16, Ju-13)
***
14. Calculate tubular load of glucose when blood glucose level is 200 mg/dl and GFR is 127
ml/min. (DU: May-20/16)
***
15. Define transport maximum (Tm). (DU: M-16)
***
16. What do you mean by tubular transport maximum of glucose? (DU: M-20/15, Ju-13)
***
17. What do you mean by renal threshold? (DU: M-20/15)
**
18. Short note on: a)peculiarities of renal circulation: (DU: Ju-10)
b) Tubular load. (DU: May-18, Ju-11)
c) Filtration fraction. (DU: May-18)
More Questions:
**

1. How can GFR can be measured? (DU: Ju-10)

**
2. Short note on:

a) plasma load. (DU: Ja-05)

b) Renal threshold. (DU: Ju-11, Ja-09)
Tubular reabsorption & secretion
Exclusive Questions:
**
1. List the substances that are reabsorbed in the different parts of renal tables. (DU: Ja-13)
*** 2. Name the substances completely reabsorbed from PCT. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-17/15,Ju-16/15/14/12)
***
3. State the mechanism of reabsorption of glucose from nephron? (DU: May-18, Nov-15)
 Physiology Paper : II 131

Or, How glucose is reabsorbed in renal tubules? (DU: Nov-17, Ja-13)

** 4. Outline the mechanism of reabsorption of HCO3 from renal tubule. (DU: May-18, Ju-14/10)
** 5. Discuss the mechanism of reabsorption of water at different parts of renal tubules. (DU: Ju-12)
*** 6. What are the hormones that act on kidney and what are the effects of them? (DU: Nov-16, Ja-15/14)
Or, Name the hormones that regulate renal tubular reabsorption. (DU: Ju-12, 07)
Or, List the hormone act on kidney. (DU: Nov -18/17)
More Questions:
* 1. State the mechanism of sodium reabsorption at different parts of renal tubular system (DU: Ju-08)
Formation of urine
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Mention the basic mechanism of urine formation. (DU: Oct-21,May-18, Nov-19/16, Ju-16/11)
***
2. Briefly discuss the mechanism of formation of dilute/hypotonic urine. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-19/16, M-17)
Or, Kidney excretes excess water by forming dilute urine" explain. (DU: Ju-14/11/10)
*** 3. What is obligatory urine volume? (DU: Ju-15/11, Ja-10)
.

*** 4. Write down the hypothesis of countercurrent mechanism. (DU: May-19/18, Ju-13, Ja-12)
***
5. How hyperosmotic of renal medullary interstitial generated? (DU: May-19/18, Ju-13)
Or, How hyperosmolarity of medulla is produced & maintained? (DU: Ja-12/11/04, Ju-09)
** 6. Describe in brief how alkaline glomerular filtrate become acidic urine? (DU: Ju-12)
More Questions:
*
1. What are the basic principles of formation of concentrated urine? (DU: Ju-09)
* 2. What is the limiting P of urine? (DU: Ja-10)
** 3. What is facultative urine Volume? (DU: Ju-11)
Micturation

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Discuss the micturation reflex. (DU: Nov-19/18, Ja-12)
*** 2. Give an account of micturation reflex. (DU: May-20/17/16, Ja-16, Ju-13)
*** 3. What is atonic bladder? (DU: May-20/17/16, Ja-16/12/11,Nov-19, Ju-09)
.*** 4. What is neurogenic bladder? (DU: May-20)
Body fluid compartment
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. List the body fluid compartment of our body? (DU: Nov-21,July-16)
*** 2. Name the different body fluid compartments with their normal value in a 70kg adult male.
Give a 24 hours water intake and output chart of an adult person. (DU: July-16)
*** 3. How can extracellular fluid we measured. (DU: Nov-21)

Endocrinology
Introduction
Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Define hormone. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-18/15, Ju-15, Ja-15/13/10)
*** 2. Name the endocrine gland. (DU: Jan-22)
*** 3. Classify hormones on the basis of chemical composition. (DU: Ja-22/16,Oct-21,Nov-19/18/16,Ju-12)
*** 4. Write down the location for the different types of hormone receptor with example. (DU: Oct
21,Nov-18, M-17)
*** 5. State briefly adenyl cyclase cAMP 2nd messenger system. (DU: Jan-22)
** 4. Name the hormones that act through CAMP 2nd messenger system. (DU: Nov-19/12)
*** 5. State the mechanism of action of steroid hormones. (DU: M-17, Nov-15, Ju-15, Ju-13)
**
6. State the mechanism of action of protein & peptide hormones. (DU: Ja-13/10)
*** 7. Discuss the mechanism of action of protein hormone by CAMP adenylyl cyclase mechanism.
(DU: May-19/18, Ja-15)
*** 5. What is tropic hormone. (DU: Nov-19)
More Questions:
**
1. Name the stress hormone. (DU: Ju-11)
* 2. Short note on:
a) cGMP. (DU: Ja-09) b) CAMP. (DU: Ja-07)
132 Physiology Paper : II

Pituitary Hormones
Exclusive Questions:
/11)
*** 1. 2.
*** What Name
are the
the hormones
anterior
of pituitary
pituitarygland?
14
hormones
. ( DU
(DU: Nov
: Nov-17/15,
- 16
) May-18/15, Ja-
**
3. How is anterior pituitary secretion regulated? (DU: Ja-12)
More Questions:
** 1. List the hormones of hypothalamus. (DU: Ju-10, Ja-09)
* 2. Write down the functions of hormones of hypothalamus. (DU: Ja-09)
Growth Hormones
Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Describe the functions of growth hormones. (DU: Ja-16, Ja-15/13)
***
2. Write about the metabolic functions of growth hormone. (DU: Nov-16)
*** 3. Discuss the action of GH on skeletal system. (DU: Ja-22/14,Nov-17/15)
*** 4. What is gigantism. (DU: Jan-22)
***
4. What is acromegaly? (DU: M-16)
*** 5. What are the clinical features of acromegaly? (DU: M-16)
*** 6. How ADH secretion regulated? (DU: M-15)
*** 7. Short note on:- Acromegaly. (DU: Nov-18, Ju-16)
More Questions:
: Ju-07)
*
1. 2.
List 5 factors
Brieflythat mention
stimulate
about
and 5 factors
ketogenic
thateffect
DU inhibit
of GH
. the
( secretion
DU
: Ju
- 10)
of growth hormone. (
* 3. Give the physiological effects of ADH. (DU: Ja-07/06)
** 4. Short note on:- Diabetes insipidus. (DU: Ja-10)

Thyroid Hormones
Exclusive Questions:
***
1. State the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones with diagram. (DU: May-20/17/15,Nov-18, May-17/15)
*** 2. List the role of thyroid hormones on CVS, GIT and CNS.(DU: May-20/16, Ja-16)
** 3. What is thyrotoxicosis? (DU: Ja-12)
** 4. What is cretinism? (DU: Ja-13)
*** 5. What is Myxoedema? (DU: May-15)
*** 6. Write down the features of myxoedema. (DU: May-17)
*** 7. What are the features of cretinism. (DU: Nov-18)
*** 8. Short note on:
a) Cretinism. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-17/15, Ja-15/14/12)
b) Myxoedema. (DU: Nov-16/15, Ja-16/15)
More Questions:
*
1. Describe the metabolic function of thyroid hormone. (DU: Ja-10)
* 2. State the regulation of secretion of thyroid gland. (DU: Ju-08/07)
* 3. Mention the feature of cretinism. (DU: Ja-10)
**
4. Give the mechanism of secretion of thyroxin. How thyroxin is regulated. (DU: Ja-11/09)
* 5. Give the function of TSH on thyroid gland. (DU: Ju-08)

Parathyroid Hormones
Exclusive Questions:
++
**
1. What are the forms of Ca distribution in plasma? (DU: Ju-14)
***
2. How does PTH help in maintaining blood ca²+ level? (DU: Nov-19, Ja-12/11)
Or, How is serum ca²¹ level maintained by Parathyroid hormone? (DU: Nov-18/17/15, Ju-16/15)
2+

Or, Write about the role of PTH on ca²* homeostasis. (DU: M-17, Ju-15/14)
*** 3. Functions of Ca²+ in our body.(DU: Oct-21,Nov-19/18/17, Ju-16/13)
 Physiology Paper :: || 133

*** 4. Define tetany. (DU: Oct-21.M-17, Ju-15)

*** 5. Short note on:

a) Tetany. (DU: Ja-22/15/09) b) Muscle tetany. (DU: Ju-12)

More Questions:
**
1. Name the hormones essential for normal ca²+ metabolism. How the blood ca²+ level is
regulated? (DU: Ja-11)
* 2. Short note on:
a) PTH. (DU: Ja-08) b) Calcitonin. (DU: Ja-06)

Pancreatic Hormones (Insulin & Glucagon)

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Name the hormones that increase & decrease blood sugar level. (DU: Ju-16)
Or, Name the hormones regulation blood glucose level. (DU: Ju-11)
*** 2. Name the hormones of islets of langerhans of pancreas. (DU: May-20/19, Ju-14/06)
*** 3. Name the actions of insulin in liver skeletal muscle & adipose tissue. (DU: M-15)
*** 4. Enumerate the hormones which increase blood sugar level. (DU: M-17, Ju-11/09)
*** 5. Write down the patho physiological effects of insulin lack on carbohydrate and protein
metabolism. (DU: M-19, Ju-14)
Or, state the action of insulin on carbohydrate and fat metabolism. (DU: M-17)
More Questions:
*
1. What are the effects of insulin lack? (DU: Ju-09)
* 2. Enumerate the functions of insulin. (DU: Ju-08)
* 3. How insulin secretion is regulated? (DU: Ja-08)
*
4. State the 4 functions of glucagon. (DU: Ju-08)
5. Discuss the mechanism of action of insulin. List the action of GnRH. (DU: Ja-09)
*

5-11 * 6. Write short note on:

a) Insulin (DU: Ju-07) b) Glucagon (DU: Ju-06)
Adrenal hormones
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Name the hormones of adrenal cortex. (DU: Oct-21,Ju-16)
** 2. List the hormones secreted from adrenal gland. (DU: May-19/18, Ju-12)
*** 3. Discuss the functions of aldosterone. (DU: Ja-22/14,May-20/15, Nov-16)
*** 4. Describe the regulation of aldosterone secretion. (DU: Ja-22/14,May-20/15,Nov-16,Ju-12)
*** 5. Describe the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids/cortisol. (DU: Oct-21,M-19, Ju
16/15/12/11)
Or, Write down the anti-inflammatory and anti-stress effects of cortisol. (DU: May-18)
*** 6. How does cortisol manage stressful condition? (DU: May-20,Ju-09)
*** 7. Cortisol is important in mental stress and inflammation. explain it. (DU: M-16)
** 8. Enumerate the non metabolic functions of cortisol. (DU:M-19)
*** 9. Short note on:
a) Aldosterone escape. (DU: May-20,Ju-13/11)
b) Permissive action of cortisol. (DU: Ju-14)
More Questions:
**
1. What are the functions of cortisol in stress and inflammation? (DU: Ju-11)
** 2. What is aldosterone escape? (DU: Ju-11, Ja-08)
** 3. Discuss the mechanism of action of insulin. List the action of GnRH. (DU: Ja-12/11/09)
* 4. Why aldosterone is termed as a life saving hormone? (DU: Ju-12, Ja-06)
* 5. Briefly narrate the renal and Circulatory effects of aldosterone. Mention the cellular
mechanism of action of aldosterone. (DU: Ja-10)
* 6. Short note on: Cushing syndrome. (DU: Ju-09)
134
Physiology Paper : Il

Reproductive System
Male reproduction
Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Define spermatogenesis. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-19/18/17/16/15, Ju-16/15, Ja-15/08)
*** 2. Mention the stage of spermatogenesis with their hormonal control. (DU: Oct-21,May-20,Nov-18/17/15,
Ju-15, Ja-15/14)
*** 3. What are the sources of male sex hormone? (DU: Ja-14)
***
4. State the role of hormone in the regulation of spermatogenesis.(DU: M-17, Nov-19/16/15,
Ju-16/15, Ja-15/14)
*** 5. Mention the sources of testosterone. (DU: May-18)
***
6. State the functions of testosterone during fetal life and puberty. (DU: May-18)
*** 5. Short note on:
a) Spermatogenesis. (DU: Ja-16/13/12/12)
b) Stages of spermatogenesis. (DU: M-16)
More Questions:
* 1. Define puberty. (DU: Ju-10)
** 2. Write down the sources of sex hormones. (DU: Ja-11/08)
* 3. Give the functions of testosterone. (DU: Ju-10)
* 4. Briefly write about feedback regulation of hypothalamo pituitary testicular axis in male.
What is MRF? (DU: Ju-08)
* 5. Short note on:

Sex determination & sex differentiation. (DU: Ju-10, Ja-08)

Female reproduction
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. What are the sources of female sex hormones? (DU: M-19/15, Ja-15, Ju-12)
*** 2. Discuss the different phase of menstrual cycle/ endometrial cycle. (DU: Ja-22/16,Nov-19, M-17,Ju-13)
*** 3. What are the hormones responsible for the changes of endometrial cycle? (DU: M-16, Ju-13)
*** 4. Write down the hormonal regulation of endometrial cycle. (DU: Ja-22/15,May-20/17,Ju-13)
*** 5. Discuss the ovarian cycle. (DU: M-16)
** 6. What is ovarian cycle? State the different phases of ovarian cycle. (DU: May-18, Ju-14)
*** 7. Discuss the hormonal control of ovarian cycle with diagram. (DU: May-19/18/16/15, Ju-14/12)
***
8. List the functions of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone. (Du: Nov-17, M-16)

9. What are the hormones acting on female breast/mammary gland? (DU: Nov-16)
***

***
10. Name the hormones acting on female breast mentioning their role during puberty and
lactation. (DU: M-16)
***
11. What are the actions of oxytocin? (DU: Ja-16)
***
12. Define menstrual cycle. (DU: Nov-19)
*** 13. Functions of estrogen on uterus, breast and skin. (DU: M-19)
***
14. Functions of placenta. (DU: M-19)
***
15. Short note on:
a) LH surge. (DU: Jan-22)
b) Puberty. (DU: Nov-19, M-15, Ju-14)
c) Secretory phase of endometrial cycle. (DU: M-16, Ju-11)
d) Ovulation. (DU: Nov-18/15, Ju-15, Ja-14/13/10)
/12)
More
e) Milk
Questions
: let down reflex. (DU:13
Ja-22,Nov-19, May-18/17, Ju-16/15/
* 1. What are the secondary sex characteristics of female? (DU: Ju- 07)
 Physiology Paper : II 135

* 2. Define menarche, menopause. (DU: Ju-09)

** 3. What is ovulation? (DU: Ju-11)
** 4. Write down the postulate mechanism of ovulation using a flow chart. (DU: Ju-11, Ja-07)
** 5. What are the indicators of ovulation? (DU: Ju-11, Ja-07)
** 6. Write short on:
a) Oxytocin. (DU: Ja-11)
b) Lactation. (DU: Ju-10)
c) Placental hormone. (DU: Ju-09)
d) Oral contraceptive pills. (DU: Ju-07)

Nervous System

Introduction
Exclusive Questions:

*** 1. What are the major levels of CNS function? (DU: May-19/18, Ja-16/15, Nov-15, Ju-13)
*** 2. List the functions of any two levels of CNS function. (DU: May-19/18, Ja-16/15, Nov-15, Ju-13)
*** 3. Draw and level a typical neuron. (DU: Ja-16, Ju-15/13)
More Questions:

* 1. What is neuron (DU: Ju-08/07)

Nerve Fiber

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Classify nerve fiber on the basis of diameter and conduction velocity. (DU: Nov-16, M
19/15, Ja-12/11/09)
*** 2. Mention the properties of nerve fibers. (DU: M-15 Ja-11/10/09)
** 3. What are the changes occur in the cell body after retrograde degeneration? (DU: Ju-13)
** 4. How impulse is transmitted through a nerve fiber? (DU: Ja-12)
*** 5. What is wallerian degeneration? (DU: Nov-16)
***
5. What is Bell magnetic law? (DU: M-19)
More Questions:
** 1. Short note on:
a) Injury to a nerve fiber. (DU: Ja-08)
b) Retrograde degeneration (DU: May-20)
c) Wallerian degeneration. (DU: Ju-12)
1

Neurotransmitter
Exclusive Questions:
**
1. Define neurotransmitters. (DU: Oct-21,Ja-14, Ja-07)
** 2. Classify neurotransmitters. (DU: Oct-21,Ja-14)
** 3. Name the rapidly and slowly acting neurotransmitters. (DU: Ju-12)
*** 4. Short note on:
Neurotransmitters. (DU: Nov-19/18/17, Ja-16)
More Questions:
* 1. Give the criteria of neurotransmitter. (DU: Ja-07)

Synapse
Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Define synapse? (DU: Ja-22/16/15/14/13,May-20,Nov-18/17/15)
136 Physiology Paper : II

*** 2. Describe the properties of synapse. (DU: Nov-16, Ju-09)

** 3. What is synaptic delay? (DU: Oct-21,Ja-14, Ju-12)
*** 4. Mention the process of conduction of impulse through a nerve fiber. (DU: Ja-16/15/14/13,
Nov-15, Ju-09)
Or, State the mechanism of impulse transmission across the synapse. (Du:Ja-22,May-20,Nov-18/17)
More Questions:
*
1. What is fatigue? (DU: Ju-08)
* 2. Short note on:
Synapse (DU: Ja-10/08)
Receptor
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Define receptor. (DU: Ju-16/14, M-16/15, Ja-13/12)
Or, Define sensory receptor. (DU: Oct-21,May-19/18/17, Ju-14)
** 2. Classify sensory receptors with example. (DU: Ja-13, Ju-10/09)
*** 3. Write down functional classification of receptors with example. (DU: Oct-21,May
18/17/16/15, Nov-19, Ju-16/15/14, Ja-12/08)
**
4. List the properties of sensory receptor and explain any two of them. (DU: May-19/18, Ja
12/08/06)

*** 5. What do you mean by specificity of a receptor? (DU: M-17, Ju-14)

*** 6. What do you mean by labeled line principle? (DU: M-15)
** 7. Short note on:

Sensory receptor. (DU: Ja-14, Ju-07)

Receptor Potential
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Define receptor potential. (DU: M-16)
*** 2. What is EPSP & IPSP? (DU: Oct-21,Nov-19/16, Ju-16, Ju-15, Ja-11/09)
*** 3. Short note on:
a) EPSP. (DU: Jan-22,Nov-18, May-16, Ja-12)
b) IPSP. (DU: Jan-22,Nov-18, May-16, Ja-12)
c) Neuromuscular Junction. (DU: Ja-15/08)
More Questions:
1. What are the difference between receptor potential and action potential? (DU: Ju-10)
*

* 2. Give an account on spatial & temporal Summation with illustration. (DU: Ja-08)

Reflex
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Define reflex (DU: Ja-22/16,May-17, Nov-19/18/17,Ju-14/12)
***
2. Draw and label a reflex arc. (DU: Ja-22/15,May-20/16/15,Nov-19/18/17,Ju-14/13)
***
3.
ListJa
-
the
11
) properties of reflex Describe any two
- of them. (DU: M-20/16/15,Nov-19, Ju 13/12,
Or, Mention the properties of reflex. (DU: Nov-17)
*** 4. Trace the reflex arc of knee jerk (DU: Ja-22/10/09/08,M-17, Ju-12)
** 5. Write down the clinical importance of knee jerk. (DU: Ju-14, Ja-10/06)
Or, What is the clinical importance of testing knee jerk? (DU: Nov-18, May-17, Ja-16)
*** 6. Short note on:
Reflex. (DU: Nov-16)

More Questions:
 137
Physiology Paper :

** 1. Classify reflexes with example? (DU: Ja-11/10)

* 2. Give an account on spatial and temporal summation with illustration. (DU: Ju-08)
** 3. Draw and label reflex arc of knee jerk (DU: Ju-11)
* 4. Short note on:

a) Knee jerk. (DU: Ju-08)

b) Withdrawal reflex. (DU: Ju-10)

Tracts
Exclusive Questions:

*** 1. Name the ascending tracts of spinal cord. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-19/18/16/15, Ju-16/15/14/13/12)
*** 2. Name the descending tracts. (DU: May-20/18, Nov-17, Ja-10/09/07)
Or, Name the motor tracts of spiral cord. (DU: Ja-22/14/13,May-19/17)
*** 3. Briefly mention the pathway and functions of corticospinal tract. (DU: M-16, Ja-13//11/08)
** 4. Trace the pyramidal tract. List the functions of Pyramidal tract. (DU: Ja-12/07)
** 5. Describe corticospinal tract. (DU: Ja-14)
*** 6. Trace the corticospinal tract and it's functions. (DU: Jan-22,M-19/17)
*** 7. Enumerate the functions of the extra pyramidal pathways. (DU: May-18/16, Ja-12)
*** 8. What is release phenomenon? (DU: Nov-19/17, Ja-16/14)
*** 9. Trace the pathway of pain sensation from periphery to center. (DU: Nov-19/16/15, Ju-16/15)
**

10. Write down the effects of hemisection of spinal cord. (DU: May-20)
***

11. What is Brown squared syndrome. (DU: May-18/15, Ju-12/10, Ja-11)

**

12. State how fine touch sensation is Transmitted from Skin to Center. (DU: Nov-18, Ju-11)
*** 13. Short note on:
Brown squared syndrome. (DU: Oct-21,Nov- 16, Ja-15, Ju-13)
More Questions:
* 1. What is Babinski Sign? (DU: Ja-07)
** 2. Write down the dual pain pathway. (DU: Ju-14)
** 3. Name the sensations that pass through the anterolateral system. (DU: Ju-11)
* 4. Trace the fascicules gracilis & what are its functions? (DU: Ju-07)
* 5. Give the course termination & functions of lateral spinothalamic tract. (DU: Ju-08)
UMN & LMN Lesions

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. List the differences between upper & lower motor neuron lesion. (DU: Nov-18, Ja-15/10/09,
Ju-09/05)

*** 2. Compare the feature of upper & lower motor neuron lesion. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-19/17, Ja
16/14, M-16, Ju-16/15/12/13/11)

** 3. Define upper & lower motor neuron. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-18, Ja-09, Ju-05)
More Questions:
1. What is fatigue? (DU: Ja-08)
Muscle Tone

:
*** 1. What is muscle tone? (DU: May-20/18, Ja-14/11/10/08/07/06)
*** 2. Discuss how muscle tone is maintained with diagram. (DU: May-20/18, Ju-14/11/10, Ja-10)
*** 3. Short note on:- Muscle spindle (DU: Nov-15, Ju-13)

More Questions:
138
Physiology Paper : II
*
1. What is motor unite? (DU: Ju-10)
* 2. Short note on:

a) Muscle tone. (DU: Ju-09)

Cerebellum & Its Lesions
Exclusive Questions:

1. Enumerate the functions of cerebellum. (DU: Jan-22,Nov-18/16/15, Ju-16, Ja-15/10/08)

***

2. How does the cerebellum perform the error control mechanism? (DU: Nov-19/18/16/15, Ju
***

16/15/09, Ja-12/11)
*** 3. List the signs of cerebellar lesion (DU: Ja-22/14/13/10/09)
***
4. Mention the effects of cerebellar lesions. (DU:Nov-19)
***
5. Name the abnormalities? (DU: Ju-15, Ja-12)
** 6. What is dysdiadochokinesia? (DU: Ja-14/09/07/05)
** 7. Mention the tests for detection of cerebellar lesions. (DU: Ja-15/14/09)
*** 8. Write Short note on:
Cerebellar lesion. (DU: May-19/18/17)
More Questions:
* 1. How does cerebellum control voluntary movements? (DU: Ju-07)
* 2. What is past pointing (DU: Ja-11/09)
Hypothalamus, Sleep & Amnesia
Exclusive Questions:

1. Mention the functions of hypothalamus. (DU: Ja-16/15, Ju-09)

***

2. Name the components of limbic system. (DU: Ja-13, Ju-08)

**

3. What is the role of hypothalamus in regulation of body temperature? (DU: Ju-12, Ja-09)
**

4. Compare the features of cerebellum and basal ganglia lesions. (DU: M-16)
***

** 5. Short note on:

Function of limbic system (DU: Ju-14)
More Questions:
*

1. What do you mean by retrograde amnesia? (DU: Ja-07)

** 2. Define sleep. (DU: Ju-10, Ja-06)
*
3. Lists the physiological changes during sleep. (DU: Ju-10)
** 4. What do you mean by sleep cycle? (DU: Ju-10)
*
5. Write Short note on:
a) Vagitative function of hypothalamus. (DU: Jan-22)
a) Memory. (DU: Ja-07, Ju-07)
b) New brain cell. (DU-Ja-07)
c) CSF. (DU: Ja-07)

Special Sense

Introduction
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Name the receptors of special senses. (DU: Ja-22/16/13/12,May-16/15, Ju-14/12)
Or, Name the special sense with their specific receptor. (DU: Oct-21,May-18, Nov-17)
More Questions:
***
1. Define light reflex. (DU: Nov-15, Ja-15, Ju-13)

Vision

Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Define light reflex. (DU: Oct-21,May-18, Nov-15, Ja-15, Ju-13)
2. Trace the pathway of light reflex. (DU: May-18, Ja-16, Nov-15, Ja-15/10, Ju-13/10)
***

3. Name the photoreceptors & mention their functions. (DU: M-19, Ju-16/15,Ja-13/12)
***
 Physiology Paper : II 139

*** 4. Name the photoreceptors state the mechanism of accommodation reaction.(DU: M-17)
*** 5. Trace the visual pathway. (DU: Ja-22/13/12/11,Nov-17, M-19/16, Ju-16/15)
** 6. What do you mean by binocular vision? (DU: Ja-12)
*** 7. List the advantage/importance of binocular vision. (DU: M-16)
** 8. What do you mean by dark adaptation? (DU: Ja-12)
*** 9. What is accommodation reaction? (DU: M-15, Ju-14. Ja-6)

*** 10. What are the changes that take place in the eye during accommodation? (DU: M-15, Ju-14, Ju-11)
*** 11. Short note on:

a) Light reflex. (DU: M-17, Ju-14/12/11)

b) Accommodation reaction. (DU: May-20,Ju-16)
More Questions:
** 1. What do you mean by direct & consensual light reflex? (DU: Ju-10)
* 2. What are the effects of lesion of visual pathway? (DU: Ja-09)
* 3. Mention the neural layers of the retina. (DU: Ju-08)
* 4. What do you mean by heart shaped area of visual field? write down its significance? (DU: Ja-09)
* 5. Short note on:
Dark adaptation. (DU: Ja-09)

Refractive Error

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Name the common errors of refraction with their causes. How are they corrected?
(DU: Oct-21,May-20,Nov-19/18/17/16/15, Ja-16/15/14)
** 2. Short note on:
. (DU: Ja-13)
More Questions:
1. A person can't distant object clearly. Mention the error of that person and how can you
correct it? (DU: Ja-07)
* 2. What do you mean by presbyopia of old age variety? (DU: Ja-07)
* 3. Short note on:
Myopia. (DU: Ja-09)
Pain & Touch
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Trace the pathway of pain from periphery to center. (Du-Oct-21,Nov-15, Ju-13, Ja-12)
** 2. Write about the dual pain pathway. (DU: Ju- 14)
More Questions:
*
1. What do you mean by fast pain & slow pain? (DU: Ju-10)
** 2. Trace the pathway of fine touch sensation from periphery center. (DU- Ju-11)
* 3. Short note on:
Visceral pain. (DU: Ja-07)

Taste

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Name the primary sensations of taste with location. (DU: Jan-22,Nov-16, Ju-15/09, Ja-13)
*** 2. Name the modalities of taste sensation. (DU: May-20/19/18, Ja-16)
*** 3. Show the pathway of taste sensation in figure. (DU: Ja-22/13,May-20/18, Nov-16, Ju-15/09)

*** 4. Short note on:

a) Modalities of taste sensation. (DU: Nov-19, Ju-16, Ja-14)
b) Taste modalities. (DU: M-15)

More Questions:
140 Physiology Paper : II

* 1. Short note on:

a) Taste bad. (DU: Ju-09)

b) Taste sensation. (DU: Ju-08)
Hearing
Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Name the receptor of hearing. (DU: May-17)
***
2. State the mechanism of hearing. (DU: May-16/15, Ju-14/12)
Or, Briefly describe the mechanism of sound transmission in the car. (DU: May-19, Ju-16)
*** 3. Trace the auditory pathway. (DU: May-17, Ju-11)
*** 4. Short note on:

a) Deafness. (DU- Oct-21,May-18, Nov-17/15, Ju-15/10, Ja-12/11/10)

More Questions:
Write short note on:

** a) Hearing tests. (DU: Ja-15)

Temperature Regulation
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Define body temperature. (DU: Nov-16, Ju-16/15/14/13/11. M-15)
*** 2. Give the normal range of body temperature. (DU: Ja-22,Oct-21,Nov-16, M-19/18/17/15, Ju
16/15/14/13/11,)
*** 3. What is core temperature? (DU: May-20,Nov-19/18/17/15, Ja-14, Ju-10)
*** 4. What is shell temperature? (DU: May-20,Nov-19/18/17/15, Ju-10, Ja-10)
*** 5. What are the processes of heat gain of the body? (DU: Ja-22/13,Nov-16/15)
***
6. Name the basic processes of heat loss from our body. (DU: Ja-22/13,Nov-16/15)
*** 7. What is set-point for temperature control? (DU: M-19, Nov-16, Ju-12/11)
*** 8. How is body temperature maintained in hot/warm climate in a tropical country? (DU: May
19/18/17, Ju-16/15, Ja-15/09, Ju-14/13/11)
*** 9. How is body temperature maintained in cold climate?(DU: May-20,Nov-19/18/17, Ja
14/13/12/11)

*** 10. Write about the role of hypothalamus in cold and hot climate. (DU: M-16, Ju-12/10)
11. What is heat stroke? (DU: Ja-16/12)
***

More Questions:
1. what is normal value of core temperature? (DU: Ju-07, Ja-07)
*

** 2. What do you mean by hypothermic poikilothermic? (DU: Ja-11)

* 3. What is thermostat? (DU: Ja-08)

"Allah knows what every female bears and every shrinking of the womb and
every swelling. Everything has its measure with Him"
[Qur'an, Ar-Rad (13) :8]
 Physiology Paper : II 141

UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA (SAQ)

1st Professional MBBS Examination
Subject: Physiology
Short Answer Questions (SAQ)
Full Marks: 70 'Time: 2 hours 30 minutes
Use separate answer script from each group
First )
professional MBBS Examination
Subject
: of May &Physiology
;
November,2021(held
Paper
-
2022
II in January
Group - A
1. Draw and label a nephron. Differentiate cortical nephron from juxtamedullary nephron.
2. List the fluid compartments of our body with their normal value. How can extracellular fluid be measured?
3. Write down the peculiarities of renal circulation with their functional significance.
4. Name the endocrine glands. Write down the functions and regulation of secretion of aldosterone.
5. Define and classify hormones according to chemical nature with example.State briefly the Adenyl cyclase cAMP
second messenger system.
6. State the functions of growth hormone on bone and cartilage. What is gigantism?
7. Describe the different phases of endometrial cycle with hormonal control and diagram.
8. Write short notes on:
i) Tetany ii) Milk let down reflex
Group - B
9. Define reflex. Draw and label a reflex arc. What is the clinical importance of knee jerk? 1

10. Define synapse. State the mechanism of impulse transmission across the synapse.
11. Give the normal range of body temperature. State the mechanism of heat gain and heat loss in our body.
12. Give the functions of cerebellum and lists the signs of cerebellar lesion.
13. Name the motor tracts of spinal cord. Trace the Corticospinal tract. Give its functions.
14. Name the primary sensations of tastc with their locations. Give the pathway of laste sensation with diagram.
15. Name the receptors of special senses. Trace the visual pathway.
16. Write short notes on:

i) Vegetative function of hypothalamus ii) EPSP & IPSP

First professional MBBS Examination of May,2021 (held in October 2021)
Subject: Physiology; Paper - II
Group - A
1. Define GFR. Mention the factors determining GFR. Calculate net filtration pressure.
2. What are the basic steps of mechanism of urine formation? List the substances those are completely reabsorbed
in proximal tubule.
3. State the mechanism of dilute urine formation.

4. Name the hormones secreted from different layers of adrenal cortex.

Briefly discuss the anti-inflammatory function of cortisol.
5. What is role of parathhormone in maintaining calcium homeostasis? What is tetany?
6. Define spermatogenesis. State the stages of spermatogenesis with their hormonal regulation.
7. Define hormone. Classify hormone chemically. Give locations of different hormone receptors with example.
8. Write short notes on:
(i) Cretinism (ii) L-H surge
Group - B
9. Name the ascending tracts of spinal cord. Trace the pathway of pain sensation from periphery to centre.
10. Define upper motor neurone and lower motor neurone. Compare the features of their lesions.
11. Define sensory receptor. Give its functional classification. What are EPSP and IPSP?
12. Define and classify neurotransmitters. What is synaptic delay?
13. Give the normal range of body temperature. How is body temperature maintained in hot environment?
14. Name the common errors of refraction with their causes. How are they corrected?
15. Name the special senses with their receptors. Trace the light reflex pathway.
16. Write short notes on:
(i) Brown Sequard syndrome (ii) Deafness.
142
Physiology Paper : II

First professional MBBS Examination of May & November,2020(held in Feb'2021)

Subject: Physiology; Paper - II
Group - A
1. Mention the functions of kidneys. Calculate the net filtration pressure in the glomeruli.
2.
What do you mean by renal threshold and transport maximum of glucose? Calculate tubular load of glucose
when blood glucose level is 200 mg/dl and GFR is 127 ml/min.
3. Give the account of micturition reflex. What are atonic and neurogenic bladder?
4. Name the hormones secreted from islets of Langerhan's of pancreas. State the pathophysiology of insulin lack on
carbohydrate and protein metabolism..
5. Write down the functions and regulation of secretion of aldosterone. What is aldosterone escape?
6. Give an outline of biosynthesis of thyroid hormone with diagram. Mention the actions of it on cardiovascular
system.

7. Briefly discuss the different phases of endometrial cycle with its hormonal control.
8. Write short notes on: (i) Action of cortisol during stress (ii) Hormonal control of spermatogenesis
Group - B
9. Define synapse. State the mechanism of impulse transmission across the synapse.
10. Draw and label a reflex arc. Describe any two properties of reflex action.
11. Name the descending tracts. Write down the effects of hemisection of spinal cord.
12. Define muscle tone. State how is it maintained.

13. What do you mean by core and shell temperature? How is body temperature regulated in cold climate?
14. What are the modalities of taste sensation? Trace the pathway of taste sensation?
15. Name the common error of refraction with their causes. How are they corrected?
16. Write short notes on: (i) Accomodation reaction (ii) Retrograde degeneration.
First Professional MBBS Examination of November, 2019
Subject: Physiology; Paper - II
Group - A
1. Draw and label the different parts of a nephron. Calculate the net filtration pressure in glomeruli.
2. Mention the basic mechanisms of urine formation. Write in short the mechanism of dilute urine formation.
3. Give an account of micturation reflex. What is atonic bladder?
4. Classify hormones according to chemical nature with example. What is trophic hormone?
5. Give the functions of calcium in our body. How is blood Ca" level regulated by parathormone?
6. Define spermatogenesis. Give the hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis.
7. Define menstrual cycle. Give an account of different phases of endometrial cycle with their hormonal control.
8. Write short notes on : (i) Puberty (ii) Milk let down
Group - B

9. Give the functional classification of sensory receptor with example. Define EPSP and IPSP.
10. Define reflex, Draw and label the different components of a reflex are. Explain any two properties of reflex.
11. Name the ascending tracts of spinal cord. Trace the pain pathway from periphery to center.
12. Give an outline of the error control mechanism of cerebellum. Mention the effects of cerebellar lesion.
13. What do you mean by core and shell temperature? How is body temperature regulated in a cold climate?
14. Compare the features of upper and lower motor neuron lesions. What is release phenomenon?
15. Name the common errors of refraction with their causes. How are they corrected?
16. Write short notes on: (i) Neurotransmitter (ii) Modalities of taste sensation
First Professional MBBS Examination of May, 2019
Subject: Physiology; Paper - II
GROUP-A

1. Mention the functions of kidney. How is GFR autoregulated?

2. Write about the peculiarities of renal circulation with their functional significance.
3. State the hypothesis of countercurrent mechanism. How is hyperosmotic medullary interstitium formed?
4.
Name the hormones those act through cell membrane receptors. Write down the mechanism of action of
hormones by adenylyl cyclase - cAMP second messanger system.
5. Name the
hormones secreted from islets of Langerhan's of pancreas. State the pathoplysiology of insulin lack on
carbohydrate and protein metabolusm.
6. Name the
hormones secreted from adrenal gland. Enumerate the nonmetabolic functions of cortisol. State the
anti-inflammatory action of cortisol.
 Physiology Paper : II 143

7. What arethe sources of female sex hormone? Write down the changes occur in each phase of ovarian cycle with
diagram mentioning the influencing the influencing hormones.
Write short notes on :
8.
i) Functions of estrogen on uterus, breast and skin
ii) Functions of placenta.
GROUP-B

9. What are the major levels of CNS functions? List the functions of any two ofthem.
10. Classify nerve fibers on the basis of diameter and conduction velocity. What is Bell Magendie law?
11. Name the motor tracts ofspinal cord. Trace the corticospinal tract and mention its functions.
12. Define sensory receptor. Mention the properties of receptor and explain any two ofthem.
13. Give the normal temperature of our body. How is body temperature maintained in hot climate? What is set
point?
14. Write down the mechanism of sound transmission in the ear.
15. Name the photoreceptors. Trace the visual pathway.
16. Write short notes on :
i) Cerebellar lesion
ii) Modalities of taste sensation
First Professional MBBS Examination of November, 2018
Subject: Physiology; Paper - II
Group - A
1. Define GFR Mention the factors influencing GFR. Calculate the net filtration pressure in the glomeruli.
2. Name the hormones acting on kidney. If the renal plasma flow is 650 ml/min and GFR is 125 ml/min, then what
will be the filtration fraction?

3. Give an account of micturation reflex.

4. Define hormone. Classify hormone chemically. Give the locations of hormone receptors with example.
5. State the steps of biosynthesis of thyroid hormones with diagram. What are the features of cretinism?
6. Give the functions of calcium in our body. How is blood ca++ level maintained by parathormone?
7. Define spermatogenesis. Write down the different stages of spermatogenesis with their hormonal regulation.
8. Write short notes on: (i) Acromegali (ii) Ovulation
Group - B
9. Define synapse. State the mechanism of impulse transmission across the synapse.
10. Define reflex. Draw and label a reflex arc. What is the clinical importance of testing the knee jerk?
11. Name the ascending tracts of spinal cord. Trace the pathway of touch sensation from periphery to center.
12. List the functions of cerebellum. Give an outline of the error control mechanism of voluntary movement of
cerebellum.
13. Define upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron. Compare the features of their lesions.
14. What do you mean by core and shell temperature? How is body temperature regulated in cold climate?
15. Name the common errors of refraction with their causes. How are they corrected?
16. Write short notes on: (i) Neurotransmitter (ii) EPSP and IPSP

First Professional MBBS Examination of May 2018

Subject: Physiology Paper- II
Group-A
1. State the basic mechanism of urine formation. Write in short the mechanism of glucose and HCO3 reabsorption
in the renal tubule.
2. Write about the peculiarities of renal circulation with their functional significance.
3. State the counter current hypothesis. How is hyperosmolarity of medullary interstitium generated?
4. Name the hormones secreted from pituitary gland. Write down the mechanism of action of protein hormone by
adenylcyclase mechanism.
5. State the differentphases of ovarian cycle with diagram and give its hormonal control.
6. Name the hormones secreted from adrenal gland. Write down the anti-inflammatory and anti-stress effects of
cortisol.
7. Mention the sources of testosterone. State the functions of testosterone during fetal life and puberty.
8. Write shortnotes on : i) milk let-down reflex
ii) Tubular load & filtration fraction.
GROUP-B

9. What are the major levels of central nervous system functions? Write down the functions of any two of them.
10. Define sensory receptor and give its functional classification with examples. What do you mean by specificity of
a receptor?
144 Physiology Paper: II
11. Give the normal range of body temperature. How is body temperature regulated in hot climate?
12. Name the special senses with their specific receptors. Define light reflex and trace the pathway of it.
13. Define muscle tone. State how is it maintained?
14. Name the descending tracts. Give the functions of extra pyramidal tracts. What is Brown-Sequard syndrome?
15. What are the modalities of taste sensation? Trace the pathway of taste sensation.
16. Write short notes on : i) Cerebellar lesion
ii) Deafness

First professional MBBS examination of November. 2017

Subject: physiology, paper-II
Group-A
1. State the functions of kidneys. List the hormones acting of kidneys.
2. Calculate the effective filtration pressure in glomeruli. What is filtration fraction ?
3. Name the substances that are completely reabsorbed in proximal convoluted tubule, State the mechanism of
glucose reabsorption in renal tubule.
4. Name the hormones of pituitary gland. Give an account of the effects of growth hormone on bone.
5. Give the functions of calcium in our body. How is serum Ca++ level maintained by parathormone?
6. Define spermatogenesis. Write down the different stages of spermatogenesis with the hormonal control.
7. Name the hormones acting on female breast during puberty and lactation. List the functions of human chorionic
gonadotropin hormone.
8. Write short notes on : (i) Juxtaglomerular apparatus (ii) Cretinism
Group-B
9. Define synapse. State the mechanism of impulse transmission across the synapse.
10. Name the ascending tracts. Trace the pain pathway from periphery to center.
11. Define core and shell temperature. How is body temperature regulated in cold climate?
12. Name the common error of refraction with their causes. How are they corrected?
13. Compare the features of upper and lower motor neuron lesions. What is release phenomenon?
14. Name the special senses with their specific receptors. Trace the visual path way.
15. Define reflex. Draw and label a reflex arc. Mention the properties of reflex.
16. Writhe short notes on : (i) Neurotransmitter (ii) Deafness.

First professional MBBS Examination, May 2017

Subject: physiology paper-II
Group-A
1. Define GFR. How is GFR autoregulated?
2. Write about the mechanism of formation of dilute urine.
3. Give an account of micturition reflex. What is atonic bladder?
4. Write down the locations for the different types of hormone receptor with example. Give an account of the
mechanism of action of steroid hormone.
5. State the steps of biosynthesis of thyroid hormones with diagram. Write down the features of myxoedema.
6. Name the hormones those increase the blood glucose level. State the action of insulin of carbohydrate and fat
metabolism.
7. Briefly discuss the different phases of endometrial cycle with its hormonal control.
8. Write short notes on : i) Hormonal control of spermatogenesis ii) Milk let down reflex.

Group-B
9. Define sensory receptor. Give its functional classification. What do you mean by specificity of a receptor?
10. Name the motor tracts of spinal cord. Trace the corticospinal tract.
11. Define reflex. Draw and label the reflex arc for knee jerk. Give the clinical importance of assessing knee jerk.
12. Discuss the role of parathormone in calcium homeostasis. What is tetany?
13. Name the photoreceptors. State the mechanism of accommodation reaction.
14. Give the normal range of body temperature. How is body temperature maintained in hot climate?
15. Name the receptor for hearing. Trace the auditory pathway.
16. Writhe short notes on :i) Cerebellar lesion ii)Light reflex

1st Professional MBBS Examination of November, 2016

Subject: Physiology Paper II
Group - A
1. Draw and label the different part of a nephron. List the hormones acting on kidneys.
2. Mention the basic mechanisms of urine formation. Write in short the mechanism of formation of dilute urine.

3. Calculate the effective filtration pressure in glomeruli. What is filtration fraction?

 Physiology Paper : II 145

4. Classify hormones according to their chemical nature with one example of each. Discuss briefly the mechanism
5.
of action of hormone by adenylyl cyclase-cAMP second messenger system.
Name the anterior pituitary hormones. Write about the metabolic functions of growth hormone.
6. Name the ofhormones
secretion secreted from different layers of adrenal cortex. Write down the functions and regulation of
aldosterone.
7. Define spermatogenesis. Give the hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis.
8. Write short notes on: (i) Hormones acting on breast (ii) Myxoedema
Group-B
9. Give the classification of nerve fiber according to its diameter and conduction velocity. What is 'Wallerian
degeneration'?

10. Mention the properties of synapse and discuss any two of them. What are EPSP and IPSP?
11. Name the ascending tracts. Trace the pain pathway from periphery to center.
List the functions of cerebellum. Write in
movement. short the error control mechanism of cerebellum for voluntary
13. Give
body. the-normal
What is set range
point?of body temperature. Write down the ways by which heat is gained and lost from our
. How are they corrected?
15. Name the modalities
16. Write short note on: (i)taste sensations
Reflex with their location tin longue Show the pathway of taste, sensation.
(ii) Brown-Sequered syndrome.
JULY, 2016: PHYSIOLOGY (PAPER - II)
GROUP-A

1. Name
2. Definethe
GFR. Mention the factors influencing GFR. Calculate net filtration pressure in glomeruli.
different
body fluid compartments with their normal value in a 70kg adult male. Give a 24 hours water
intake and output chart of an adult person.
3.
Write down the basic mechanism of urine formation. List the substances those are completely reabsorbed in
proximal tubule. What is fitration fraction?
4.
Name the hormones of Islets of Langerhan's of pancreas. List the hormones those increase the blood glucose
level. What is renal threshold for glucose?
5. Give the functions of calcium in our body. Write down the role of parathormone in calcium homeostasis.
6. Name the hormones of adrenal cortex. Briefly discuss the anti-inflammatory function of cortisol.
7. Define spermatogenesis. Give the hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis.
8. Write short notes on: (i) Acromegaly (ii) Milk let-down reflex
GROUP-B

9. Define sensory receptor. Give its functional classification. What are EPSP and IPSP?
10. List the functions of cerebellum. Give an outline of error control mechanism of cerebellum.
11. Name the ascending tracts. Trace the pain pathway from periphery to center.
12. Draw and label a typical neuron. Compare the features of upper and lower motor neuron lesions.
13. Name the photoreceptors. Trace the visual pathway.
14. Briefly describe the mechanism of sound transmission in the ear.
15. Give the normal range of body temperature. How is body temperature maintained in hot climate?'
16. Write short notes on: (i) Modalities of taste sensation (ii) Accommodation reaction
J

MAY, 2016: PHYSIOLOGY (PAPER - II)

Group-A
1. Mention the functions of kidney. How is GFR autoregulated?
2. Define plasma load, tubular load and transport maximum. Calculate tubular load of glucose when blood glucose
level is 250 mg/dl.
3. Give an account of micturition reflex. What is atonic bladder?
4. Brieflydescribe the actions of thyroid hormone on cadiovascular and nervous system.
5. Cortisol is important in "mental stress & inflammation" explain it. Mention the features of acromegaly.
6. Describe ovarian cycle mentioning the hormones influence on it with a diagram.
7. Name the hormones acting on female breast mentioning their role during pubery & lactation. List the functions
of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone.
8. Write short notes on: (i) Secretary phase of endometrial cycle (ii) Stages of spermatogenesis.
GROUP-B

9. Define sensory receptor and Classify them functionally with examples What is receptor potential?
10. Draw and label a reflex arc. Mention the properties of reflex and describe any two of them.
11. Trace the pathway of corticospinal tract. Give the functions of extra-pyramidal tracts.
12. Name the receptors ofspecial senses. Trace the visual pathway. What is the importance of binocular vision?
13. Write about the role hypothalamus in regulation of body temperature in cold and hot climate,
14. Compare the features of UMN & LMN lesion and cerebellar & basal ganglia lesions.
15. State the mechanism of hearing,
16. Write shortnotes on (i) Retrograde degeneration (ii) EPSP and IPSP.

First Professional MBBS Examination of November-2015

Subject: Physiology, Paper-II
146 Physiology Paper : II

Group-A
1. Define GFR. Mention the factors affecting GFR.
Calculate the net filtration pressure in glomeruli.
2. Name the substances that are completely reabsorbed in proximal convoluted tubule.
State the mechanism of glucose reabsorption in renal tubule.
3. Write in short the mechanism of formation of dilute urine.
4. Define hormone. Write down the mechanism of action of steroid hormone.
5. Name the hormones secreted from pituitary gland.
Give the functions of growth hormone on skeletal tissue.
6. Give the functions of calcium in our body.
How is serum Ca level maintained by parathormone?
7. Define spermatogenesis. Write down the different stages of spermatogenesis with their hormonal control.
8. Write short notes on: (i) Ovulation (ii) Myxoedema

Group-B
9. What are the major levels of CNS function? List the functions of any two of them.
10. Define synapse. State the mechanism of impulse transmission across the synapse.
11 Name the ascending tracts. Trace the pain pathway from periphery to center.
12. List the functions of cerebellum.
Write in short its error control mechanism of voluntary movement.
13. What do you mean by core and shell temperature?
Write about the mechanism of heat loss and heat gain our body.
14. Name the common errors of refraction with their causes. How are they corrected?
15. Define light reflex. Trace the pathway of light reflex.
16. Write short notes on: (i) Muscle spindle (ii) Deafness

First Professional MBBS Examination of May-2015

Subject: Physiology, Paper-II
Group A
1. What are the differences between coronial and juxtamedullary nephron?
Write about the functional importance of vasa recta in forming concentrated urine.
2. What do you mean by renal threshold and transport maximum of glucose?
Calculate the tubular load of glucose when blood glucose level is 100 mg/dl and GFR is 127 ml/min
3. Mention the hormones secreted from pituitary gland. How is ADH secretion regulated?
4. List the hormones secreted from different layers of adrenal cortex. Write down the functions and regulation of
secretion of aldosterone.

5. Name the hormones of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. Write down the action of insulin on muscle and adipose
tissue.
6. State the steps of biosynthesis of thyroid hormone with diagram. What a myxoedema?
7. What are the sources of female sex hormone? Write in short about the hormonal regulation of ovarian cycle with diagram.
8. Write short notes on : (i) puberty
(ii) peculiarities of renal circulation.
Group-B
9. Define sensory receptor. Give its functional classification. What do you mean by "labeled line principle"?
10. Compare the features of 'upper and lower motor neuron lesions. What "Brown Sequard syndrome"?
11. Classify nerve fiber on the basis of diameter and conduction velocity. Mention the properties of nerve fiber.
12. Draw and label a reflex are. Mention the properties of reflex and describe any two of them.
13. Name the receptors of special senses. State the mechanism of hearing.
14. Define accommodation reaction. What are the changes occur during accommodation?
15. Give the normal range of body temperature. How is body temperature maintained in cold climate?
16. Write short notes on: (i) fast pain and slow pain (ii) taste modalities
 Physiology Paper : II 147

UNIVERSITY QUESTION (MCQ)

University of Dhaka
Multiple Choice Question (MCQ)
Full Marks - 20 Time: 30 minutes
All question carry equal marks
Fill up the "T" circle for True & "F" circle for False in the OMR sheet provided.
First Professional MBBS Examination May & F b moon face
Novemver, 2020(held in Feb'21) T c short stature

Subject: Physiology; Paper - II T d disproportionate growth

1. Hormones acting on kidneys are F e buffalo torso
T a ADH 11. Insulin causes

Tb atrial natriuretic peptide T a glycogenesis

T caldosterone F b lipolysis
F d renin T c entry of K in the cell

-FÄLLEFEST --------------------------------- FTSE

F e ACTH d gluconeogenesis
2. Hyperosmolarity of renal medulla is due to e proteolysis

12.
increased concentration of Testosterone is
aK
F
a a polypeptide
T b glucose b an anabolic hormone
T c Nacl c secreted from sertoli cell
Td
F d water secreted in foetal life
T e urea e male sex hormone
13.

3. ADH acts on Progesterone causes

F a proximal tubule a secretory phase of endometrium
T b distal tubule b development of ductal system of breast
T c collecting tubule c appearance of pubic and axillary hair
T d collecting duct d LH surge
Fe loop of inhibition of myometric contraction
4. Transcellular fluid volume 14. Sympathetic stimulation causes
T a is about 3 liters in adult a constriction of pupil
T bincludes CSF b increase heart rate
F
c includes digestive secretion c dilatation of bronchi
T
d includes synovial fluid d contraction ofgall bladder
F e includes bile e increase blood glucose
15.

5. The cones in the eye

Hormone acting via CAMP is
T a TSH a are concerned with color vision
F b calcitriol b are concerned with visual acquity
F c testosterone c contain iodopsin
T dADH d are numerous at the periphery of retina
T e parathormone e are present in cornea
16.

6. Anterior pituitary hormones are Lateral spinothalamic tract carries the following sensation
T a fine touch
a thyroid stimulating hormone
Tb corticotropin b sense of position
F
c antidiuretíc hormone c pain
F d aldosterone d temperature
T
e luteinizing hormone e itching
17.

7. Parathormone Extrapyramidal tracts control

T a muscle tone
a stimulates bone resorption
F b b posture
prevents phosphate excresion
c causes vitamin D activation c temperature

TF RT
d kinesthetic sensation
d excess plasma level causes death
e decreases renal excretion of calcium e movement of eye ball
18.

Neural circuit in the spinal cord can cause

8. In hyperthyroidism, there is
a increase of secretion of T3& T4 a walking
b withdrawl reflex
T bincreased BMR.
F c control of arterial pressure
c weight gain.
F
d high plasma TSH level d thought process
T e emotion
e increased cardiac output
19.

9. Hormones secreted from ovaries are Knee jerk

F a is a stretch reflex
a FSH
F b LH b is a monosynaptic reflex
F
c oxytocin
c is superficial reflex
T
d estrogen d receptor is golgi reflex
T e response is extension
e progesterone
10. Features of cretinism are 20. Functions of the CNS at spinal cord level is
T a idiotic look a control of equilibrium
148
Physiology Paper : II

T b walking movement T a) undergo adaptation

F c regulation of respiration T b) act as a transducer
d reaction of pleasure F c) develop propagated potential

-FLETТ
F
T e withdrawl reflex T d) are highly sensitive to one type of stimulus
First Professional MBBS Examination May & e) are specialized connective tissue
Novemver, 2020(held in Feb'21) 12. ACTH

Subject: Physiology; Paper - II a) is chemically steroid in nature

1. The juxtaglomerular apparatus consistsof b) is a hypothalamic hormone

TETELLESTRET
a) glomerular capillary c) secretion increased due to severe trauma

LFTNE
b) collecting duct T d) is secreted form anterior pituitary
c) macula densa Т e) stimulates the secretion of adrenal androgen
d) mesengial cell 13. Neuronal circuits in spinal cord causes
e) juxtaglomerular cell Т a) walking movement
2.
Glomerular capillary hydrostaticpressure b) steady state condition
a) is normally about 32 mmHg Т c) reflexes that withdraw body from painful object
T b) decreases in shock F d) reflex that attract body towards painful object
c) is lower than Bowman's capsular hydrostatic pressure Т e) reflex that control blood vessels
T d) facilitate filtration 14. Location of different tastes on the bed tongue are
e) is decreased when afferent arterioleconstrict Т a) sweet at the tip
3. ADH acts on b) sweet along the edges Bustos

LLA
F a) proximal convoluted tubule c) sour along the edges
b) early distal tubule d) bitter on the back

c) collecting tubule e) satisfaction on the back

d) collecting duct 15. The following are the examples of motor
Т - DD - SE - FREDTRE
e) loop of Henle a) contraction of skeletal muscle function
4.

Insulin Т b) contraction of smooth muscle in the internal organ

a) is an anabolic hormone c) intracelular protein synthesis

FTÄESO
b) stimulates lipogenesis d) secretion by exocrine glands
c) stimulates protein synthesis e) activation of intracelular enzymes
d) stimulates gluconeogenesis 16. Abnormal urinary constituents includes
e) stimulates liver glycogenolysis Т a) albumin
5.

During pregnancy, ovulation is ceased due to Τ b) amino acid

a) high level of estrogen c) urea
b) low level of progesterone d) creatinine
c) inhibition of the secretion of GnRH Т e) glucose
d) low level of LH 17. The nerves that carry taste impulses are
e) high level of FSH Ta) facial N
6. Growth hormone
TFF

b) trigeminal N
a) causes mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue c) glossopharyngeal N
b) increase carbohydrate utilization Т d) vagus N
Fe

c) causes breakdown of protein ) hypoglossal N

÷
18.
-------------

d) increases utilization of fat

Knee jerk is
e) is a diabetogenic hormone a) lost in cerebellar lesion
7.

Dwarfism occurs due to deficiency of on F b) a polysynaptic reflex

a) growth hormone Τ c) a stretch reflex los
F b) thyroxin
FT

c) calcitonin
Т d) initiated by stretching of quadriceps femoris muscle
Τ e) receptor is patellar tendon
19.

d) somatomedin-c
Slowly acting neurotransmitters are
e) aldosterone Т a) substance P
8.

In hyperthyroidism, there is Т b) angiotensin II

T a) increase secretion of T3, & 14 Т c) prolactin
F b) high plasma TSH level d) acetylcholine
T c) tachycardia e) norepinephrine
d) weight gain In hypermetropia
e) exophthalmos ) eye ball is shorter than normal
9. Posterior column of spinal cord carries the b) anterio-posterior diameter of the to eyeball is increased
sensation of Т
c) parellal light rays are brought to a focus behind the retina
a) fine touch
AF d) a cylindrical lens is prescribed

TFT b) sense of position

c) pain
d) temperature
e) vibration
1.
First
e) patient can see the near object
Prof. MBBS Exam. of November, 2019
Subject: Physiology; Paper - II
Regarding nephron
10. Cortisol

LTEFIN
F a) is secreted from the zona glomerulosa
a. it is the functional unit of kidney
T
b) causes gluconeogenesis
b. total number is about 1 trillion in each kidney
T
c. it can regarding
c) has anti-inflammatory effect
T
d) is synthesized from cholesterol
d. its number decreases with age
T e. a secretes metabolic products
e) is a life saving hormone
11. Sensory receptors
2.
Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
 Physiology Paper : II 149

F
a. is normally about 32 mm of Hg 14. Lower motor neuron lesion is associated with
T b. decreases in shock
T a. absence of tendon jerk
F
c. in lower than Bowman's capsular hydrostatic F b. loss of touch sensation
pressure T
T c. hypotonia
d. facilitates filtration
F d. pendular knee jerk
e. is decreased when afferent arterioles constrict. F e. positive Babiniski's sign

T3FAES
3. The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of 15. Myelinated nerve fibers
a. glomerular capillary F
a. are type e fibers
b. late portion of DCT T b. are found in corticospinal tract

TTTTTS
c. macula densa
F c. have low conduction velocity
d. Mesengial cell Τ d. transmit impulse by salutatory conduction
e. juxtaglomerular cell Т e. do not undergo regeneration process
4. ADII acts an
16. Inhibitory neurotransmitter is
a. proximal convoluted tubules Τ a. dopamine
b. distal tubule
Tc. collecting tubule F b. glutantate
T d. collecting duct F e. loop of Henle F c. neetyicholine
5. Substances partially reabsorbed in the proximal Т d. glycine
tubule are Т e. GABA
a. water

------
T b. Na
17. Function of extrapyramidal tracts is to maintain

TFGT
c. aminoacid
F d. ghicose Т a. equilibrium
e. PAll b. muscle tone
6. Extrogea F c. pain sensation
a. is a steroid hormone F d. kinesthetic sensation
T b. has positive feedback effect on luteinizing e. movement of eyeball
P

hormone before ovulation 18. Meissner's corpuscles are found in

FEN

c. acts via CAMP T a. finger tip

F b. joint capsule
d. secreted from Sertali cells of testes
7T
. EROTFTF

T c. lips
Dwarfism is caused by deficiency of
a. thyroid hormone T b. growth hormone
F d. deep facial tissue
c. cortisol T d. somatomedin
F e. hairy part of skin
19. About vision
e. testosterone
T

SELF S
Prolactin a. optic nerve is the axon of rod and cone cells
b. fovea centralis contains rods and cones
a. is a hormone of anterior pituitary T c. visual acuity is the function of cones
b. helps in ductal development of breast at puberty T d. lens has more refractive power
FTÖ9F

c. secretion is regulated by hypothalamus

e. optic disk contain visual receptors
d. is responsible for initiation of milk secretion
20. Temperature regulating mechanism activated in
e. helps in milk ejection hot environment is
. TTELSEL

Testosterone is
F a. increased muscular activity
a. a polypeptide

FT E
T b. an anabolic hormone b. increased respiratory rate
e. sweating
c. formed by the Leydig cell of testes
d. shivering
d. not secreted in foetal life
e. anorexia
e. stimulated by L.H
10.

The adrenal cortex First Prof. MBBS Exam. of May, 2019

Subject: Physiology; Paper - II
TFLEDE

a. is not essential for life

b. secretes androgen 1. The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of
c. secretes cattalos F a. glomerular capillary
d. secretes catecholamine F b. late portion of DCT
e. regulates mineral concentration of the body T c. macula densa
11.

Se.. T d. juxtaglomerualr cell

a. ..... T e. mesangial cell
FERSELF

b..... 2. Renin angiotensin aldosterone system regulates

c. develop propagated prettiest F a. Ca++ balance

T d. are highly sensitive in one type of members T b. fluid volume

e. are speculated connective issue T c. Na+ balance
12.

Babiniski's is T d. blood pressure

a. a neurological sign F e. nitrogen balance
b. attested by flexion of knee joint 3. Renal flood flow
c. dorsiflexion of great tog and farming one of other
toes
F
a. is about 2% of cardiac output
T
T d. present in infants b. is autoregulated
Fam13. Posterior e. positive when lower motor neuron listen occur
column of spinal cord carrier the
F
F
c. when incresaed causes decrease in GFR
d. is measured by inulin clearance test
F e. is 1.2 to 1.3 1/min
sensation of
T 4. ADH acts on -
a. fine touch
T F a. proximal tubule
b. sense of position
F T b. distal tubule
c. pain
F T c. collection tubule
d. temperature
T e. vibration F d. collection dust
150 Physiology Paper : II

F e. loop of Henle T d. temperature

5. Cortisol T e. itching
T a. is secreted from the zona glomerulosa 15. Sympathetic stimulation causes
T b. causes gluconeogenesis F a. constriction of pupil
T c. has anti-inflannatory effect T b. increase heart rate
T d. is synthesized from cholesterol F c. constriction of bronchi
F e. is a life saving hormone F d. conraction of gall bladder
6. Dwarfism occurs due to deficiency of e. vasoconstriction
T
T a. growth hormone
16. Primary auditory area are, area
F b. thyroxin
T a. 41
F c. calicitonin
T b. 22
F d. cortisol
F c. 52
T e. insulin like growth factor
F d. 17
7. In hyperthyroidism, there is
T a. increased secretion of T3 & T4 F e. 19

F b. high plasma TSH level 17. Inhibitory neurotransmitters are

T c. tachycardia T a. GABA
F d. weight gain T b. dopamine
T e. exophthalmos F c. glutamate
8. Hormones secreted from ovaries are F d. acetylcholine
F a. FSH T e. glycine
b. LH 18. Smell receptors

FT ä
c. estrogen T a. are primary sensory neurons
d. oxytocin F b. adapt slowly
Τ

e. progesterone T c. lie at the roof of the nose

9.

During pregnancy, ovulation is ceased due to F d. are electromagnetic receptors

T a. high level of estrogen T e. are chemical receptors
F b. low level ofprogesterone 19. Heat is produced by
T c. inhibition of the secretion of GnRH AS
T a. decreased metabolism
T d. low level of LH T b. thyroxin
F e. high level of FSH F c. insulin
10. During menstruation T d. shivering
T a. estrogen and progesterone levels decrease T e. epinephrine
T b. endometrial vessels constrict
20. Function of extra pyramidal tracts is to maintain

DT ERT
F c. shedding of all the three layers of endometrium a. equilibrium
occurs T b. muscle tone
T d. peak rise o FSH & LH occur F c. pain sensation
F e. presence of clot indicating a physiological F d. kinesthetic sensation
phenomenon Τ e. movement of eyeball
11. Knee jerk First Prof. MBBS Exam. of November, 2018
T a. is a monosynaptic reflex Subject: Physiology; Paper - II
F b. exaggerates in LMN lesion 1. The kidneys
T c. is a stretch reflex a. regulate blood volume and composition T

T d. receptor is patellar tendon b. help to regulate blood pressure T

T
e. response is extension c. participate in the synthesis of vit C F

12. Effects of upper motor neuron lesion is d. stimulate production of WBC F

T a. decreased muscle tone e. release erythropoietin T

2. Substance completely reabsorbed in proximal

T
b. loss of superficial reflexes tubule is
T
c. loss of knee jerk a. water F
F
d. spastic paralysis b. Na F

F e. muscle wasting c. uric acid F

13. Functions of cerebellum is related with d. glucose T

a. control of posture e. amino acid T

TEF b. regulation of body temperature

3.
in normal healthy people, urinary
c. speech a. specifie gravity ranges from 1.010 - 1.020 T

d. regulation of heart rate b. osmolality ranges from 200-400 mosmol/litre T

e. control of emotion c. colour is due to small quantities of bile pigments F
14. Posterior column of spinal cord carries the
d. pH falls as dietary protein rises
sensation of 4.
e. calcium excretion is increased by parathormone F
Growth hormone
F a. fine touch
a. causes mobilization of fatly acids from adipose
F b. sense of position tissue F
T c. pain b. increases carbohydrate utilization F
 Physiology Paper : II 151

c. causes break down of protein F d. salivation T

d. increases utilization of fat for energy T e. intestinal motility T
e. is a diabetogenic hormone T
15. Post synaptic neuron contains
5. Nephron
a. voltage gated Ca channel T
a. is the functional unit of kidney T
b. synaptic vesicle F
b. its total number is about 1 trillion in each kidney F c. Na channel T
c. can regenerate F
d. its number decreases with age T
d. receptor for neurotransmitter T

e. release site for neurotransmitter F

e. excretes metabolic waste products T

6. The general hormones are 16. Extrapyramidal tracts control

a. muscle tone T
a. acetylcholine F

b. growth hormone T b. posture T

c. thyroxine T c. temperature F
d. kinesthetic sensation
d. epinephrine F
e. secretin F e. movement of eye ball F

7. The anterior pituitary hormones are 17. Functions of the CNS at spinal cord level is
a. thyroid stimulating hormone T a. control of equilibrium F

b. corticotrophin F b. walking movement T

c. antidiuretic hormone T c. regulation of respiration F
d. aldosterone F
d.reaction of pleasure F
e. luteinizing hormone T e. withdrawl reflex T
8. Thyroid gland 18. Cone receptor is
a. has effect on growth and development of CNS T a. responsible for dim light vision F
b. is stimulated by hot environment F b. responsible for bright light vision T
c. stores hormone in the follicular cells F c. responsible for visual acuity T

d. stimulates oxidative phosphorylation F d. a mechanoreceptor F

e. secretes calcitonin T e. responsible for colour vision T
9. Insulin 19. Accommodation reaction involves
a. is an anabolic hormone F a. contraction of the cilliary muscle T
b. stimulates lipogenesis T b. constriction of pupil T
c. stimulates protein synthesis T
c. divergence ofthe eye ball F
d. stimulates gluconeogenesis F d. increased anterior curvature of the lens T
e. stimulates liver glycogenolysis F
e. relaxation of suspensory ligament T
10. The adrenal cortex
20. Special senses are
a. is not essential for life F a. vision T

b. secretes androgen T b. equilibrium T

c. secretes cortisol T c. touch F

d. secretes catecholamine d. smell T

e. regulates mineral concentration of the body T e. temperature F

11. Testosterones is
FirstProf. MBBS Exam. of May 2018
a. a polypeptide F
Subject: Physiology Paper-II
b. an anabolic hormone T
1. The kidney secretes
c. formed by the Leyding cell of testes T
a. renin T
d. not secreted in foetal life F
b. erythropoietin T
e. stimulated by LH T
T
c. 1.25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.
12. Interstitial cells of Leyding
d. angiotensin F
a. secretes testosterone T
e. vasopressin F
b. contribute to the volume of seminal fluid F
2. The loop of Henle
c. secrete inhibin F
a. actively transports sodium in the descending limbF
d. are stimutated by LH T

T
b. is responsible for high medullary osmolarity T
e. are controlled by FSH
c. is resistant to reabsorption of water in thick
13. Lateral spinothalamic tract carries the following ascending limb T
sensation
d. returns hypoosmolar fluid to the distal
a. fine touch F
convoluted tubule T
b. sense of position F
e. is the site ADH secretion F
c. pain T 3. Abnormal urinary constituent includes
T a. albumin
d. temperature T
e. itching T b. amino acid T
14. Blockade of parasympathetic activity causes a c. creatinine

reduction in d. urea F
e. bile salt
a. sweat production F T
b. reducing heart rate F 4. Urea is reabsorbed in

c. the strength of skeletal muscle contraction F a. proximal tubule

152 Physiology Paper : II

b. thin limb of loop of Henle 15. In a reflex

c. thick limb of loop of Henle a. the knee jerk is an example of stretch reflex T
d. distal tubule b. monosynaptic reflex are involves one of more
interneurons
e. cortical collecting tubule T
Micturation reflex c. motor neurons are the final path of all the reflexes T
5.

a. is a stretch reflex T
d. withdrawal reflexes are lost following cervical
section of spinal cord F
b. is initiated by sensory receptors in posterior e. flaccid paralysis is a characteristic lower motor
urethra F neuron lesion T
c. can be inhibited by higher centers F 16. Sympathetic stimulation causes
d. can be controlled voluntarily F a. constriction of pupil F
b. increased heart rate
e. is controlled by lumber segment of spinal cord F
c. dilatation of bronchi
6. Factors stimulating ADH secretion are
a. hyperosmolarity of body fluid T d. contraction of gall bladder
e. increased blood glucose concentration
b. oxytocin
c. thirst
17. Inhibitory neurotransmitters are
a. dopamine
d. thyroxine F
b. glutamate
e. hypovolemia T
c. acetylcholine
7. Glucagon d. glycine
a. increases blood glucose level T e. GABA
b. causes glycogenolysis T 18. Anterior nucleus of hypothalamus
c. is a steroid hormone F a. stimulates parasympathetic nerve
d. stimulates gluconeogenesis. T b. is activated in cold environment
c. decreases heat loss
e. is produced by G cell of islets of langerhans F
d. causes vasoconstriction
8. Aldosterone
e. inhibits sympathetic nerve
a. secretion is increased during hyperkalemia T
19. In an eye
b. is protein in nature F
a. the power of the lens increases as the curvature of
c. acts on distal convoluted tubule of kidney T
the long decreases
d. decreases plasma volume F
b. all the rays pass through the focal point
e. is essential for life T c. concave lens converges the light rays
9. Hormone regulates plasma ca... level is d. total refractive power is 59 diopter
a. parathormone T e. power of accommodation increases with the age
b. calcitonin 20. About Basal ganglia
T
c. aldosterone F a. it is concerned with programming of motor
movement.
d. testosterone F
e. vitamin D T b. Parkinsonism is caused by neuronal degeneration
within substantia nigra
10. Spermatogenesis
a. requires about 1201 days
c. its lesion may lead to loss of both sensory &
motor control

F TF
b. occurs in seminal vesicles
d. the globus pallidus projects directly to the
c. requires LH cerebral cortex
d. starts at foetal life
e. acetylcholine is the predominal neurotransmitter
e. requires temperature of about 40°C of the substantia nigra
11. Prolactin First Prof. MBBS Exam. of November-2017
a. is stimulated by dopamine , Paper-II
b. is inhibited by estrogen T
c. is secreted byovary TF
F
1. Following structures take part in the formation
of concentrated urine
d. inhibits gonadotropin releasing hormone.
e. secretion is raised by sucking T a. loop ofHenle T

12. Estrogen b. early distal convoluted tubule T

a. is a steroid hormone Т c. collecting duct T

b. have negative feedback effect on luteinizingTOT

hormone
d.
e.
proximal convoluted tubule
vasa recta
c. acts via CAMP
2. Renal blood flow is increased when
d. stimulates lobular system of breast
e. secreted from sertoli colls of testes
EF a. increased intake of high protein diet
13. Knee jerk b. hyperglycemia occurs
a. is a stretch reflex c. glucocorticoid secretion is increased
d. renal artery constricts

TF
b. is a monosynaptic reflex
c. is a superficial reflex e. aging occurs
d. receptor is patellar tendon 3. Hyperosmolarity of renal medulla is due to
e. response is extension increased concentration of
14. The blood-brain barrier a. K+
T
a. is more effective barrier for protein-bound b. glucose
substances c. water
F
b. is more effective barrier in infants than in adults d. NaCl
T
c. is more effective barrier for CO₂ than for O₂ T
e. urea
d. transports glucose through glucose transporter 4.
T
(GLUT-1) F Hormones acting on kidneys are
e. permits transport of HCO3 slowly a. ADH
T
 Physiology Paper : II 153

b. atrial natriuretic peptide e. formation of dilute urine F

TF
c. aldosterone 15. General sense are
d. renin a. pain T

e. ACTH F b. pressure T

c. hearing F
5. Site of action of parathormone
d. taste
a. PCT of the kidneys T F

b. small intestine
c. bone
TE
T

T 16.
e. touch

Accommodation reaction involves

T

d. duct of salivary gland a. construction of pupil T

e. liver F b. relaxation of suspensor ligament T
6. Insulin causes c. convergence ofthe eye balls T
a. glycogenesis T
d. relaxation of the cilliary muscle F
c. entry of K+ into the cell T
e. increased intraocular pressure F
d. glycogenolysis F
17. Cone cell responsible for
e. proteolysis F
a. dim light vision
7. In hypoparathyroidism

FTE
b. equilibrium
a. plasma Ca++ level is increased F
c. colour vision
b. neuromuscular hyper excitability occurs T
c. there is deficiency of vitamin-D T d. visual aquity

d. tetany develops T e. bright light vision

e. death can be occurred due to laryngeal stridor F 18. Equilibrium is controlled by
8. In hyperthyroidism, there is a. hair cell of organ of corti

FT F
a. increased secretion of T3 & T4. T b. cerebellum

b. high plasma TSH level F c. basal ganglia

c. tachycardia T d. hair cell of saccule

d. weight gain F e. rods

e. exophthalmos F 19. Motor activity of the body is related with

9. Hormones from ovaries are a. reticular substances of the medulla, pons & mid
a. FSH F brain

b. LH F b. cerebellum

c. oestrogen c. basal ganglia

d. oxytocin F d. motor cortex
e. progesterone T e. thalamus
10. Sertoli cells 20. Primary taste sensation are
a. secret testosterone F a. salt T

b. secret inhibin T .
b. bitter T
c. form blood testis barrier c. sweet T
T
d. secret and androgen binding protein d. umami T

e. perform function under the influence of LH F F

e. acidic
11. Upper motor neuron lesion produces First Professional MBBS Examination May, 2017
a. spastic paralysis T
Subject: Physiology, Paper-II
b. exaggerated deep reflex T 1. The kidneys
c. extensive sensory loss F
a. regulate blood volume. T

d. decreased muscle tone F

b. participate in the synthesis of vit C. F

e. loss of superficial reflex c. release angiotensin II F

12. Hypothalamus d. release erythropoietin. T

a. contains biological clock e. help to regulate blood pressure T
b. controls voluntary movements of the body 2. Urea is transported through
c. maintains rhythmic breathing a. proximal tubule
d. controls mood & behavior b. thin limb of loop of Henle
e. regulates the activates of anterior pituitary gland c. thick limb of loop of Henle
only d. distal tubule

13. Extrapyramidal tracts control e. cortical collecting tubule

a. muscle tone T 3. Thermogenic hormone include
b. posture T a. catecholamines T
F
c. temperature b. estrogen F
d. kinesthetic sensation F
c. progesterone T
e. movement of the eye ball F
d. thyroid hormone T
14. Physiological changes in the body during cold e. aldosterone
climate include 4.
Renal tubules normally reabsorb
a. vasoconstriction T
a. about 85% of the glomerular filtrate
b. increased sweating F
b. all filtered amino acid. T
T
c. increased thyroxin secretion c. all filtered glucose T
d. increased aldosterone secretion T
d. all filtered bicarbonate ion. F
154 Physiology Paper : II

e. all filtered Nat F

b. receptors are adapted slowly. T
5. Aldosterone acts on the following parts of c. sensation is increased when the gut is cut.
F
renal tubule
d. in viscera may cause reflex contraction of
a. proximal convoluted tubule F skeletal muscle. F
b. ascending limb of loop of Henle F e. impulse can be modulated by endorphin. T
c. early part of distal tubule T 15. Refractive power of eye ball is
d. collecting tubule T a.expressed by diopters T
e. collecting duct T b.directly proportional to the focal length F
6. Anterior pituitary c.maximum in cornea T
a. hormones are steroid in nature. F d.decreased in aging process T
b. secretes gonadotropin F e.less in myopia F
c. controls the secretion of parathyroid gland F 16. Hormones acting on breast
d. regulates secretion of adrenal medulla. F a. FSH F
e. secretions are regulated by hypothalamus T b. estrogen T
7. The triiodothyronine (T3) is c. LH F
a. secreted from parafollicular cells of thyroid gland F d. prolactin T
b. more potent than thyroxine. T e. progesterone
c. present in blood in much higher quantity than 17. Corticospinal tract lesion is associated with
thyroxin. F a. cogwheel rigidity
d. loosely bound to plasma protein in the blood. T b. planter extensor response
e. mainly formed from thyroxin in the tissue. T c. exaggerated deep tendon reflexes
8. Insulin
d. muscle wasting
a. enhances glucose transport into adipocytes. e. hypotonia

T TL
b. binds with its membrane receptor. 18. Sensory pathway involves
c. stimulates protein synthesis. a. Broadman area 1,2,3. T
d. enhances glucose transport into the brain. b. pyramidal tract
e. inhibits rate of transcription. F c. anterior horn cell F
9. Parathormone
d. spinothalamic tract T

a. stimulates osteoblastic activity. F e. dorsal root ganglia T

b. prevents phosphate excretion F 19. Nerves involved in taste sensation are

c. causes formation of calcitriole in kidney F
a. facial T

d. causes reabsorption of calcium from renal b. glossopharyngeal T

tubule c. trigeminal F
T
e. deficiency cause tetany T d. hypoglossal F
10. Sertoli cells e. vagus T
a. form blood testes barrier T 20. Stimulation of heat sensitive neuron causes
b. provide spemiogenesis F a. cutaneous vasoconstriction F

c. secret androgen F b. sweating

d. are stimulated by LH F
c. shivering T

e. secret androgen binding protein T d. vasodilation of skin blood vessels T

11. In synapse e. release of thyroxine F

a. postsynaptic membrane contains neurotransmitter F First Prof. MBBS Exam. of November. 2016
b. IPSP due to opening of Cl channel. T Subject: Physiology : Paper-II
1. Nephron
c. postsynaptic excitation may be mediated by
amino acids a. is the functional unit of kidney
d. chemical synapse always transmits the signals in b. is about 1 million in each kidney
one direction. c. Can regenerate
F d. is constant from birth
e. GABA may acts as both excitatory and inhibitory e. has three basic functions
neurotransmitter T Ans. a) T b) T c) T d) Te) T
12. Following changes occurs during luteal phase 2.
GFR is increased when
a. development of antral follicle F a. blood pressures decreased
b. storage of glycogen in the endometrium T b. glomerular hydrostatic pressure is increased
c. increased secretion of estrogen F c. plasma oncotic pressure is increased
d. renal blood flow increased
d. secretory nature of endometrial glands T
e. endometrial vascularity increases T e. Bowman's capsular hydrostatic pressure is
increased
13. Cerebellum
Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Te) F
a. provides rapid turn- on and turn- off signals to 3.
Water reabsorption in kidney is
muscles. F a. obligatory in PCX
b. responds to vestibular stimuli T b. about 65% in PCT
c. contains only three deep cerebellar nuclei. F c. ADH dependent in PCT
d. regulates opposite side of the body T d. observed in all parts of renal tubules
e. cyclic
e. exaggerates deep reflexes when it acts abnormally. T AMP dependent
14. pain Ans. a) T b) T c) T d) Fe) T
a. sensation is carried out through the posterior
4.
Substances partially reabsorbed in proximal
convoluted tubule is
column of spinal cord. F a. Walter
 155
Physiology Paper : II

b. Na d. moon face
c. amino acid e. Proganthism
d. glucose Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Fe)T
e. PAH 15. Cerebellum is related with
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Fe) T a. control of posture
5. ADH causes b. regulation temperature
a. natriuresis c. speech
b. vasoconstriction d. regulation of heart rate
c. increase in blood volume e. control of emotion
d. diuresis Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) Fe) F
e. water reabsorption 16. Babiniski's sign is
Ans. a) F b) ? c) T d) Fe) T a. a neurological sign
6. Hormone secreted from adenohypophysis is b. elicited by tapping of patellar tendon
a. oxytocin c. normally present in all ages
b. gonodotropins d. dorsiflexion of great toe and fanning of other toes
c. ACTH e. positive in lower motor neuron lesion
d. ADH Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) F
e. thyrotropinreleasing hormone 17. The function of the CNS at spinal cord level is
Ans. a) F b) T c) T d) Fe) T a. control of equilibrium
7. Aldosterone secretion is increased b. walking movement
a. hyperkalemia c. regulation of respiration
b. hyponatremia d. reaction to pleasure
c. angiotensin II e. Withdrawal reflex
d. hypocalcaemia ) F b) T c) F d) Fe) T
e. hyperglycemia
18.
Ans.
aEf ects of lesion in basal ganglia is
Ans. a) Tb) T c) T d) Fe) F a. ataxia
8. The permissive action of cortisol on b. intention tremor

a. acetylcholine c. involuntary tremor

d. Parkinsonism
b. catecholamine
e. chorea
c. glucagon
d. growth hormone Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) Te) F
e. insulin 19. Accommodation reaction involves
Ans. a) F b) T c) T d) F e)F a. increased tension on lens ligaments
9. Insulin causes b. increased intraocular pressure

a. glycogenesis c. contraction of ciliary muscle

b. lipolysis d. convergence of eye ball
c. entry of K into the cell e. relaxation of suspensor ligaments

d. glycogenolysis Ans. a) F b) F c) F d) Te) T

e. breakdown of protein 20. Auditory sensation involves
Ans. a) T b) T c) T d) Fe) F a. hair cells of organ of Corti
10. Androgens are secreted by b. lateral geniculate body
a. Sertoli cells c. spiral ganglion
b. the ovary d. utricle
c. foetal e. saccule
d. prostate Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) Fe) F
e. adrenal cortex
First Professional MBBS Exam. of May. 2016
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Fe) T
11. Hormone that increases blood calcium level is Subject: Physiology : Paper-II
a. Parathormone 1. Kidney functions include
b. Calcitonin a. excretion of metabolic waste products
c. Thyroxin b. production of antibody
d. Growth hormone
c. water balance
e. 1-25 dihydroxy cholecalciferol d. regulation of blood pressure
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Te) T
e. regulation of body temperature
12. Spinothalamic tract transmits
a. thermal sensation Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) Te) F
b. pain sensation 2. The hormones acting on kidneys are
c. proprioception a. angiotensin II
d. vibration
b. aldosterone
e. sexual sensation
c. growth hormone
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Fe) F
13. Hypothalamus d. parathormone
a. controls voluntary movements e. thyroxine
b. maintains rhythmic breathing Ans. a) T b) T c) T d) Te) F
c. participates in control of blood pressure 3. Peritubular capillaries
d. regulates body temperature
a. end in the venous system
e. regulates secretion of anterior pituitary
Ans. a) F b) F c) F d) Te) T b. have hydrostatic pressure about 32 mm Hg
14. Acromegaly is characterized by c. arise from afferent arterioles

a. tall figure d. surround renal tubules

b. bagginess of lower eyelids e. permit filtration of fluid
c. frontal bossing
156
Physiology Paper : II

Ans. a) b) c) d) e) c. inhibition of secretion of GnRH

4. Urine formation results from d. low level of LH
a. glomerular filtration e. high level of FSH
b. tubular reabsorption Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) Te) F
c. ultrafiltration of afferent arterioles 13. Neural circuit in the spinal cord can cause
d. secretion of efferent arterioles a. walking movement
e. tubular secretion b. withdraw reflex
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Te) F c. control of arterial pressure
5. On carbohydrate metabolism, thyroid hormone d. thought process
causes
e. emotion
a. enhancement of glucose uptake Ans. a) b) c) d) e)
b. glycogenesis 14. Knee jerk
c. gluconeogenesis a. is a stretch reflex
d. decreased insulin secretion
b. is a monosynaptic reflex
e. increased glucose absorption from the GIT c. is a superficial reflex 11
Ans. a) T b) F c) Td) Fe) T d. receptor is golgi tendon
6. Parathormone
e. response is extension
a. stimulates bone resorption Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Fe) T
b. prevents phosphate excretion
15. Receptors are
c. decreases renal excretion of calcium
d. causes vitamin D activation
a. are highly sensitive to one particular type of
stimulus
e. excess plasma level causes death b. are mechanical transducer
Ans. a) T b) Fc) T d) Te) T?
c. adapted very quickly
7. Cortisol

a. is secreted from glomerulosa

d. electrical potential are propagated type
e. are up and down regulation based
b. is an anabolic hormone
Ans. a) T b) ? c) T d) Te) T
c. has anti-inflammatory effects
16. Extra-pyramidal tract
d. is synthesized from cholesterol
a. controls the movement of the eye
e. decreases blood glucose level b. carries sense of vibration
Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) Te) F c. lesion increases the muscle tone
8.
Features of Cushing's syndrome include d. exerts tonic stimulatory effect on lower motor neuron
a. moon face
b. idiotic look e. controls the tone, posture and equilibrium
Ans. a) F b) F c) T d) Fe) T
c. prognathism
d. buffalo torso
17. Sympathetic stimulation causes
e. short statured
a. constriction of pupil
b. positive ionotropic effect on heart
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Te) T c. constriction of bronchi
9.
Factors inhibiting growth hormone secretion are d. contraction of gallbladder
a. increased blood glucose e. vasoconstriction
b. exercise
C. ging
Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Fe) T
18. The cause of refractive error is
d. fasting
a. denaturation of lens protein
e. obesity
b. vitamin A deficiency
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Fe) T
c. loss of uniformity of lens curvature
10. Progesterone causes
a. secretory phase of endometrium
d. increased intraocular pressure
e. long antero-posterior diameter of the ball.
b. proliferative phase of endometrium
) F b) T c) T d) Fe) T
c. development of ductal system of breast 19. Parts of the brain concerned with the
d. appearance of pubic and axillary hair
processing visual information are
e. inhibit myometric contraction a. post central gyrus
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Fe) T b. lateral geniculate body
11. The interstitial cells of Leydig c. medial geniculate body
a. Secrete testosterone
b. contribute the volume of seminal fluid
d. lateral portion of the temporal lobe
e. occipital lobe
c. are stimulated by LH Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Fe) T
d. are inhibited by FSH 20. Conductive deafness
e. secrete inhibin
a. is due to impairment in sound transmission
Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) F e) F b. can not be cured

2. During pregnancy, oyulation is ceased due to c. in tested by Rinne's test

a. high level of oestrogen d. in not tested by Weber's test
b. low level of progesterone e. causes abnormal audiogram
 157
Physiology Paper : II

Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) Fe) T Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Te) T

First Professional MBBS Exam. of May. 2015 10. Hormones regulating spermatogenesis include
a. Testosterone T
Subject: Physiology : Paper-II
b. Thyroid hormone F
1. Hormones secreted/adenohypophysis are
c. FSH T
a. TSH T
d. LH T
b. Oxytocin F
e. Progesterone F
c. ACTH T

d. ADH F 11. Touch sensation is carried by the

a. Spinothalamic tract T
e. Gonadotropins T
b. Fascicular gracilis T
2. Hormones produced by the kidney are
a. Erythropoietin T c. Spinocerebeller tract F

d. Fasciculus cuneatus T
b. Calcitriol T
c. Calcitonin F e. Spinoolivary tract F

12. Spinothalamic Tract transmits followin

d. Aldosterone F

e. Antidiuretic hormone sensation

F
a. Proprioception F
3. Hyperosmotic medullary interstitium is due to
b. Pain T
high concentration of
c. Temperature T
a. Na T
d. Crude touch T
b. HCO3. ?

C. CT T
e. Fine touch F

d. Urea T 13. Inhibitory neurotransmitters in CNS ai

a. GABA T
e. H₂PO4 ?
b. Glycine T
4. Antidiuretic hormone
c. Glutamate F
a. Is mainly produced by paraventricular nucleus
d. Aspertate F
b. Binds with cytoplasmic receptors
e. Acctylcholine F
c. Is stored in posterior pituitary gland
d. Secretion is regulated by osmolality to body fluid 14. Basal ganglia lesion causes
a. Chores
e. Causes insertion of aquaporin in the collecting

5.
tubule

Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) Te) T
Insulin decreases blood glucose level by
b. Parkinsonism
c. Nystagmus
d. Insomnia
TF
e. Hemibalismus
a. Increasing the cell membrane permeability to glucose T
15. Effects of cerebellar lesion include
b. Glycolysis T
a. Nystagmus 1
c. Glycogenolysis F

d. Glycogenesis T b. Cogwheel rigidity

6.
e. Gluconeogenesis
Aldosterone secretion in increased by
a. Hypokalemia
F

F
c. Exaggerated deep reflexes
d. Ataxia

e. Past pointing
FT
b. Hypercapnia F 16. Parasympathetic stimulation causes
c. Hyponatremia T a. Decreased GI secretion F

b. Bronchodilation F
d. Angiotensin II T
e. ACTH T
c. Sweat secretion F

7. Hormones maintaining calcium hormeostasis d. Pupillary constriction T

e. Decreased heart rate T

include
a. 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol F 17. Body heat is lost by
T
a. Cutaneous vasodilatation
b. Calcitriol
c. Calcitonin T b. Shivering

d. Parathyroid hormone T c. Horripilation Sweating and evaporation

F d. Sweating and evaporation
e. Thyroid hormone
e. Cutaneous vasoconstriction
8. Thyroid hormone
T Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) F
a. Is a trophic hormone
T 20. Functions of cones are
b. Increases calorigenic effect
c. Deficiency produces myxoedema in adult T a. Photopic vision T

F b. Scotopic vision F
d. Increases peripheral resistance
T c. colour vision T
e. Accelerate heart rate
9. Estrogen d. Acquity of vision T

e. Dark adaptation F
a. Is produced by luteal cell
b. Causes ductal proliferation of mammarj gland
c. Is known as pregnancy hormone
d. Produces proliferative phase of emdometrium
e. Has calorigenic effect
 158
Physiology Paper: II

TERM FINAL QUESTIONS OF DIFFERENT MEDICAL COLLEGES

DHAKA MEDICAL COLLEGE

Department of Physiology
2nd term examination, Batch k-77
Group A
1. What are the functional events of respiration? Discuss in brief the pressure changes during normal respiration with diagram.
2. Define anatomical and physiological dead space? What do you mean by pulmonary edema safety factor?
3. How is 02 transported from lungs to tissue? What is Bohr effect?
4. State the three blood flow zones of lungs. Why PO2 of blood in aorta is less than the POZ of blood in pulmonary veins?
5. Draw respiratory membrane. State the factors affecting diffusion of gases through this membrane.
6. What is rhythmic breathing? Give an outline about chemical regulation of respiration.
7.
Define & classify hypoxia with examples. What is apnea?
8. Write short notes on: :a) Surfactant b) Chloride shift

Group B
1.
List the local hormones of GIT? Write down functions & regulation of secretion of any two of them.
2.
Enumerate the motor functions of stomach. How gastric emptying is regulated?
3.
What are the basic movement of GIT? State the pharyngeal stage of swallowing
4.
Define GFR. List the determinant of GFR. Calculate the net filtration pressure
5.
What are the basic mechanism of urine formation? How hyperosmolarity of medulla is generated?
6.
Name the substances that are reabsorbed & secreted in the renal tubule. State mechanism of water
reabsorption along the different parts of nephron.
7. Discuss about micturition reflex? What is uninhibited neur nic bladder?
8.
Write short notes on:- i).Obligatory volume ii).BER

Department of Physiology
3rd term examination, Batch k -76
Group A
1.
What are the functiona ents of respiration? Discuss in briefthe pressure changes duri pulmonary ventilation with a diagram.
2.
Give the mposition of atmospheric and alveolar air. What do you mean by anatomic and physiologic dead space?
3.
Mention the peculiarities of pulmonary circulation. What do you mean by physiologic shunt?
4.
Name the forms in which CO2 is transported from tissue to the lungs. Write about the chloride shift mechanism.
5.
Draw and label Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. Give the importance of steep part of the curve.
6.
Draw and label a respiratory membrane. State the factors affecting diffusion of gases through this membrane.
7.
List the lung function test. State the factors affecting vital capacity,
8.
Define hypoxia, dyspnoea, hypercapnoea,apnoea and tachypnoea.
9. Write short notes on: i) Lung Capacities ii) Ventilation-Perfusion
Group B
1.
Give an outline about neural control of gastrointestinal function.
2.
List the movement of GIT? Write about pharyngeal stage of Swallowing
3.

4.
Name the gastrointestinal hormones. Mention the functions, causes & site of secretion any three of them.
Mention the functions of kidney. How is GFR autoregulated? 2+3
5.

6.
Name the hormones that regulate tubular reabsorption. How is HCO3 reabsorbed along the different parts of the nephron?
What is counter current system? How is concentrated urine formed?
7.

8.
Define GFR.List the determinants of GFR. Calculate the filtration pressure across the glomerular membrane.
9.
What do you mean by obligatory urine volume? Give the differences between water & osmotic diuresis.
Write down the peculiarities of renal circulation.
Department of Physiology
2nd term examination, Batch k-76
Group A
Define alveolar and pulmonary ventilation. Draw a spirogram mentioning all the lung volumes & capacities with their normal value.
2.
Draw & explain oxy-hemoglobin dissociation curve. What is Pso?
3.
How is O₂ transported from lungs to tissue. What is Bohr effect?
 Physiology Paper: II 159

4. List the lung function test. State the factors affecting vital capacity
5. State the three of blood flow. Write about ventilation-perfusion ratio.
6. What is inspiratory ramp signal? Give the physiological importance of Hering-Breuer inflation reflex
7. Define & classify hypoxia with example. Oxygen therapy is beneficial in which type of hypoxia?
8.
Write short notes on:
i) Dead space ii) Effects of PCO2 on respiration
Group B
9. Write down the motor functions of stomach. How is gastric emptying regulated?
10. Lists the movements of GIT. Write about peristalsis.
11.
Give an outline about defecation reflex.

12. Draw & label a glomerular membrane. How does filtration occur through this membrane?
13. Name the hormones that regulate tubular reabsorption. State the mechanism of glucose reabsorption in the renal tubules.
14. Mention the difference between glomerular filtrate & urine. If plasma flow through both kidneys is 650ml/min,
GFR is 125ml/min,what is filtration fraction?
15. Write down the basic mechanisms of urine formation. Name the factors those contribute to form hyperosmolar
medullary interstitium. How is the hyperosmolarity maintained?
16. Write short notes:- i) Local hormones of GIT ii) Nephron

Department of Physiology
1st term examinationBatch k - 75
Group A
1. Define action potential. How is resting membrane potential generated in a cell?
2. Classify active transport processes with example. Write about Na* -K* pump.
3. Name the contractile elements of skeletal muscle. Discuss the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction.
4. Classify anaemia morphologically. How does deficiency of maturation factors cause megaloblastic anaemia?
5. Name the different types of WBC with their differential count. Mention the functions of agranulocytes.
6. Define coagulation. What are the basic steps of coagulation? Give the flowchart of intrinsic pathway of
prothrombin activator formation.
7. State the landsteiner's laws, Why does acute renal shut down occur in mismatched blood transfusions?
8. Write short notes on :- i. internal environment ii. Functions of plasma protein
Group B
9. Enumerate the properties of cardiac muscle. Explain the Frank - Sturling law in relation to normal heart function.
10. Mention the significance of A-V nodal delay. How does the action potential of cardiac muscle differ from SA
node - explain it with diagram.
11. Mention the changes those occur in heart during cardiac cycle. Discuss briefly the ventricular systolic phase
of cardiac cycle.
12. Define cardiac output. Calculate the cardiac output by applying the Fick's principle. Mention the factors affecting it.
13. Define blood pressure. How is blood pressure regulated by baroreceptor reflex mechanism?
14. Give the normal value of heart rate at different ages. Write down the effects of sympathetic and
parasympathetic on heart. What is vagal tone?
15. Name the components of microcirculation with diagram. Sate the vasodilator theory of acute local blood flow control.
16. Write short notes on: i. peripheral resistance ii. Stokes - Adams syndrome
Department of physiology
2nd term Examination,Batch : k- 75
Group A
1. What are the major functional events of respiration? Discuss in brief the pressure changes during normal
respiration with diagram.
2. Define vital capacity. List the factors affecting vital capacity. Why is vital capacity low in lying condition?
3. Name the forms in which Co₂ is transported from tissues to the lung What is Haldane effect?
4.
What information you can get from oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve? What is pso?
5, List the respiratory centers with location and functions. What is respiratory ramp signal?
6.
Mention the peculiarities of pulmonary circulation Why PO₂ is less than alveolar pressure while entering into left atrium?
7.
Draw and label a respiratory membrane. What are the factors affecting gaseous diffusion through this
membrane?
8. Write short notes on: i) Dwarfism ii) Effects of H* on respiration
Group B
9.
Give an outline of pharyngeal phase swallowing. What is the basic electrical rhythm of GIT?
 160
Physiology Paper : II

10. What are the functions of large intestine? Write about defecation ?
11. Name the gastrointestinal hormones. Write about the regulation of secretion and functions of secretin.
12. Describe in brief the role of counter current mechanism in the creation and maintenance of hyper osmotic
medullary interstitium.
13.
Name the substances that are reabsorbed in the renal tubules. State the mechanism of water reabsorption along
the different part of the nephron.
14. Give the peculiarities of renal circulation with their physiological importance.
15. Define renal threshold, filtration, fraction, tm and plasma load.
16. Write short notes on: i) Gastric emptying ii) GFR

Department of physiology
1st term examination 2017 (K-74)
Group A
1. Draw and label a typical cell. Write down the functions of cell membrane protein & carbohydrate.
2. Define action potential. How membrane potential is generated in a cell?
3. State the general mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction & relaxation. What is power stroke?
4. Define erythropoiesis. Mention its stages. Write the fate of RBC in a flow chart.
5. Give the differential count of WBC. Write down the functions of WBC.
6. Give the morphology of platelet. Write down the role of platelet in platelet plug formation.
7. Define coagulation. What are the basic steps of coagulation? Write about fibrinolysis.
8. Write short notes on: i. Na-K* pump ii. Plasma protein
Group B
9. Enumerate the properties of cardiac muscle. Explain any two of them.
10. Name the junctional tissues of the heart. Write down the mode of transmission of impulse through the heart with diagram.
11. Define cardiac cycle. Mention the changes those occur in heart during cardiac cycle. Show the left ventricular
volume changes during cardiac cycle in diagram.
12. Define cardiac output and cardiac reserve. How is heart rate regulated?
13. Classify blood pressure with their normal ranges. How is blood pressure regulated by baroreceptor reflex
mechanism?

14. State briefly the Starling equilibrium for systemic capillary fluid exchange mechanism.
15. List the vasodilator & vasoconstrictor agents in circulation. Mention the effects of Cat & K* on heart.
16. Write short notes on: i. pulse ii. Shock

Department of physiology
2st term Examination, 2017 (K-74)
Group A
1. Define pulmonary ventilation. How do you calculate pulmonary ventilation? Explain why air enters into lungs
during inspiration.
2. Give the
space?
composition of atmospheric and alveolar air. What do you mean by anatomical and physiological dead
3.
Mention the respiratory volumes and capacities with their normal values. Give the physiological importance of
residual volume.
4. Draw and label
5. Give
oxy- hemoglobin dissociation curve. Give the importance of steep part of the curve.
an outline about chemical regulation of respiration.
6. Define and classify hypoxia with examples. What is dyspnoea?
7.
8.
State the three blood flow zones of lungs. What do you mean by physiological shunt?
Write short notes on:i) Respiratory centers ii) vital capacity
Group B
9.

10.
List the movements of alimentary tract. Discuss in brief about the movements of large intestine.
Name the gastrointestinal hormones. Write down the origin, regulation of secretion and functions of gastrin
and secretin.
11.
Write about the enteric nervous system with its functional significance. What are the effects of
parasympathetic denervation on GIT?
12.
Mention the functions of kidney. How is GFR autoregulated?
Write down the basic mechanism of urine formation. List the substances those are completely reabsorbed in
13.

proximal tubule. What is tubular load?

What do you mean by obligatory urine volume? What are the factors that contribute to form hyperosmolar
14.

medullary interstitium and how do they maintained?

 Physiology Paper : II 161

15. Give an outline about intuition reflex. What is automatic bladder?

Write short notes on:
16.
i) peristalsis ii) Diuresis
SIR SALIMULLAH MEDICAL COLLEGE
Department of Physiology
1st Term Final Examination (SAQ) MBBS (Batch-49)
1. Define homeostasis: "Negative feedback mechanism is beneficial for our body--explain it with example.
2. Draw and label a typical action potential, Give an outline of generation of resting membrane potential
3. List the active transport processes across the cell membrane with example of each. Describe the Na*K* pump
mechanism with its importance.
4. Write down the steps of skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation.
5. Define erythropoiesis and give its regulation. Write down the changes that occur during maturation of RBC.
6. Write down the functions of WBC. Mention differential count of WBC.
7. Detine coagulation. Show the extrinsic pathway of prothrombin activator formation in a flow chart.What is fittinolysis?
8. Name the major blood group systems. Enumerate the hazards of mismatched blood transfusion.
9. Show in a diagram the changes occur during cardiac cycle.
10. Enumerate different types of blood pressure with their normal values. Describe briefly the renin-angiotensin
aldosterone mechanism for brood pressure regulation
11. Why is SA node called the pacemaker of heart? Write down the conduction of cardiac impulse throughout the
heart with diagram
12. Deline EDV and ESV. Discuss the factors affecting ESV.
13. Defne arid classify shock. Write down the physiological basis of compensatory mechanism of circulary shock.
14. Define venous return. Discuss the factors affecting venous return
15. Write short notes on: a) aernia b)Complete heart block
Department of Physiology
2nd Term Final Examination (SAQ) MBBS (Batch-46)
1. Briefly descibe the mechanism of respiration with showing pressure changes in diagram?
2. Give an account of CO₂ transport from tissue to lungs.
3. Define FRC, FVC & FEV₁. Write down the importance of FEV, and FRC.
4. Draw and label ixyhemoglobin dissociation curve. Why is it sigmoid shaped?
5. Discuss the chemical regulation of respiration.
6. State the functions of kidney. What is juxtaglomerular apparatus?
7. Briefly discuss the .... egutrason of GFR
8. Write down the .... renal inculation with their functional sigmlcance.
9. What are the basic mechanisms of urine formation? Name two hormones acting on renal tubule with their function.
10. What is enteric nervous system? Discuss about the electrical activities of GIT.
11. Name the local hormones of GIT. Mention the site of origin & functions of any two of them.
12. What are the movements of GIT? Friefly discuss about segmentation contraction.
13. Discuss the reabsorption of H.O from renal tubules.
14. Define and classify hypoxia. Hriefly discuss the role of oxygen therapy in different types of hypoxia.
15. Write short notes on:
a) pulmonary and Alveolar ventilation b) Atonic bladder
Department of physiology
1st Term final Examination (SAQ) 2017 (SSMC-45)
1. Define homeostasis. Positive feedback mechanism is usually harmful to our body'- explain it with example.
2. Define resting membrane potential and action potential. Draw and label a typical action potential.
3. Name the membranous organelles of a cell. Write down the functions of any two ofthem.
4. List the active transport processes across the cell membrane. write an example of each. Describe the Na- K
pump mechanism with its importance.
5. Name the contractile units of muscle. Mention the steps of molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction.
6. Give the functional classification of blood vessel. State briefly the systemic capillary fluid exchange mechanism.
7. What are the changes occur during maturation of RBC? Write in short about the fate of RBC.
8. Enumerate the properties of WBC. Briefly discuss about phagocytosis.
9. Define haemostasis. Mention the events of haemostasis. Why blood does not clot intravascularly?
162 Physiology Paper: II

10. Name the ABO and Rh blood groups. State the Land Steiner's law. Briefly explain the erythroblastosis foetalis.
11. Why is SA node called the pacemaker of heart? (With diagram)
12. Define cardiac cycle. Mention the changes these occur in heart during cardiac cycle. Show the left ventricular
pressure changes during cardiac cycle in a diagram.
13. What is total peripheral resistance? Describe the factors affecting total peripheral resistance. What is preload?
14. Enumerate the different types of blood pressure with their normal value, Write in short the renin angiotensin
aldosterone mechanism in blood pressure regulation.
15. Write short notes on i) Arterial pulse ii) Complete heart block
Department of physiology
2nd Term final Examination- 2017 (SSMC-45)
1. Draw and label a respiratory membrane. Mention the factor which influences gaseous exchange through
respiratory membrane.
2. Give an account of CO₂ transport from tissues to lungs.
3. Define FRC, FVC & FEG. Write down the importance of FEV and FRC.
4. Draw and label hemoglobin dissociation curve. Why it is sigmoid shape?
5. Discuss the chemical regulation at respiration.
6. State the functions of kidney. What is juxtra-glomerular apparatus?
7. Write down the counter current hypothesis. How is hyperosmotic and medullary interistitium generated?
8. Write down the peculiarities of renal circulation with their functional significance
9. Discuss about maturation reflex. What is automatic bladder?
10. What is enteric nervous system? Discuss about the electrical activities of GIT.
11. Name the local hormones of GIT. Mention the site of origin & functions of any two ofthem.
12. What are the movement's of GIT? Briefly discuss about mass movement.
13. Discuss the reabsorption of Na from renal tubules. Mention the substances completely reabsorbed from proximal
convulated tubule.

14. Define and classify hypoxia. Briefly discuss the role of oxygen therapy in different types of hypoxia
15. Write short notes on: a) Peristalsis b) Transport maximum
SHAHEED SUHRAWARDY MEDICAL COLLEGE
Department of physiology
1st Term Examination (SAQ),Shsmc-16
Group - A
1.
Deline homeostasis. How body fimctions are regulated? Positive feedback causc vicious cycles and death explain.
2.
Draw and label a cell membrane. Write down the functions of cell membrane protein. Why cell membrane is
semipermcable membrane
3.
Define resting membrane potential. Mention the resting membrane potential of neurons, skeletal muscle and
cardiac muscle. Graphically represent the action potential of skeletal muscle.
4.
Draw and label neuromuscular junction. Describe briefly the transverse tubulo-sarcoplasmic reticulum system of muscle.
5.
Classify membrane transport. Describe briefly the Nat-K+ pump with figure.
6.
List the plasma proteins with their respective normal values. Mention their functions.
7.
Mention the morphological classification of anaemia with example. Discuss the fate of Hb after destruction of RBC.
8.
Define coagulation. What are the primary coagulation factors. Trace the extrinsic pathway of coagulation
9. Write short notes on: i) Platelet ii) Phagocytosis

Group-B
10.
Classify WBC with figure. Enumerate the properties of WBC.
11.
Why ABO system is called classical blood group? Mention the indications of blood transfusion.List the
hazards of blood transfusion.
12.
Define end diastolic volume. State the factors controlling end diastolic volume. What is ejection fraction?
13.
Define cardiac cycle. List the events and their respective phases of cardiac cycle with figure.Calculate cardiac
cycle time, if heart rate is 80 beats/minute.
14. is
Mention the types of blood pressure. How does fluid volume elevate the blood pressure? If blood pressure
130/70 mm of Hg, calculate the pulse and mean pressure.
15. What are the physiological basis of heart sounds? State the significance of Ist and 2nd heart sounds.
16.
Draw and label normal electrocardiogram. Mention the waves with normal duration,interval and interpretation.
17. What are the causes of A-V nodal delay? How is cardiac impulse conducted throughout the heart?
18. Write short notes on: i) Venous return ii) Shock.
 Physiology Paper : II 163

Department of physiology
3rd Term Examination (SAQ), Shsmc-15
1.
Define hormone. Write down the effects of growth hormone on cartilage and bone. What is acromegaly?
2. Name the hormones essential for life. List the functions of aldosterone. What is aldosterone escape?
3.
State the steps of biosynthesis of thyroid hormones with figure. Discuss briefly the two important functions ofthyroid hormones.
4.
Mention the hormonal effects of vitamin D to promote intestinal calcium absorption. Write down the effects of
parathyroid hormone on bone, kidney and intestine.
5.
Enumerate the functions of insulin. Discuss the effects of insulin lack in our body by flow chart. What is
diabetes mellitus?

6.
Define menstrual cycle. List the different phases of menstrual cycle with diagram.How these phases correlate with hormones?
7.
Define spermatogenesis. What are the steps of spermatogenesis? Briefly mention the role of hormones in
spermatogenesis with figure.
8.
Briefly describe the functions of placenta. Write in short the milk let down process.
9. ) Puberty ii) Cortisol
Group-B
10.
Define neuron. Draw and label a human neuron. Give the physiological classification of nerve fibre.
11. Define reflex with examples. Draw and label a reflex arc.
12.
Name the ascending tracts. Trace the pathway of fasciculus gracillis. List the functions of the tract.
13.
State the role of cerebellum in controlling voluntary movements with figure. What is dysdiadochokinesia?
14.
What is synapse? List the events that take place during synaptic transmission. What is EPSP?
15.
Name the descending tracts. Discuss the corticospinal tract with figure. Why Babinski sign is positive in infant?
16.
Enumerate the functions of hypothalamus. Describe its role in regulation of body temperature.
17.
What is accommodation reaction? List the changes that occur during accommodation. What do you mean by
near point and far point of vision?
18.
Write short notes on- i) Muscle tone ii) Deafness
Department of physiology
1st Term Examination (SAQ), Shsmc-15
1.
Define homeostasis? "ECF is called milieu interieur"- explain. What do you mean by Negative Feedback
mechanism?
2.
Draw and label a cell membrane. Write down the functions of cell membrane protein. Why cell membrane is
semipermeable membrane?
3.
Define active transport. How cell volume is maintained by Na-K* pump?Enumerate the functions of lysosome.
4.
State the steps of skeletal muscle contraction with flow chart. Draw and label a graphical representation of
I
skeletal muscle action potential.
5.
Enumerate the organelles of the cell. Write in short about endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.
= 6.
What is erythropoiesis? Briefly describe the stages with figure. Name the maturation factors
7.
Mention the morphological classification of anaemia with example. Discuss the fate of Hb after destruction of
RBC.

8.
List the plasma proteins with their respective normal values. Mention their functions.
9.
Write short notes on- A) RMP (Resting Membrane Potentials) B) Hemostasis
Group B
10.
What are the properties of WBC? Classify WBC with figure. Enumerate the formed elements of blood with
their normal values.
11.
Mention the basic steps of coagulation of blood. Trace the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. What are the
essential coagulation factors?
12.
Name three common blood group systems with their antigens. Give the importance of blood grouping. Rh - ve
person is safe than Rh-ve person - explain.
13.
What are the properties of cardiac muscles? What do you mean by Refractory Period?Mention the causes of Tachycardia.
14. Define cardiac cycle. List the events and their respective phases of cardiac cycle with figure. Calculate cardiac
cycle time, if heart rate is 80 beats/minute.
15.
Detine blood pressure. Briefly discuss the baroreceptor mechanism of blood pressure regulation. Calculate the
mean pressure and pulse pressure.
16.
Name the junctional tissues of the heart. Why SA node is called the pace maker of the heart? What is ventricular scape?
17.
Draw and label a normal electrocardiogram. Mention the waves with normal duration, interval and interpretation.
18.
Write short notes on-a) Cardiac output b) Shock
Department of physiology
1stTerm Examination (SAQ), Shsmc-13
164 Physiology Paper : II

1. Draw & label a typical human cell. Write down endoplasmic reticulum.
2. List the cell membrane transport process with example. How does Na* - K pump control cell volume?
3. What is action potential & resting membrane potential? Why does the resting membrane potential show a
negative charge?
4. What is the sarcomere of skeletal muscle.state the skeletal muscle contraction by giving a flow chart.
5 Name the blood cells and mention their morphology and normal values. State the steps of hemoglobin synthesis.
6. Classify WBC with their normal values. Mention the properties & functions of WBC.
7. Define hemostasis Give the role of platelet in hemostasis.
8. List the blood groups with medicolegal importance. Mention the hazards of blood transfusion.
9. Short notes on: i) Homeostasis ii) Haemophilla
Group - B
10. Name the important plasma protein with their normal values. Mention the properties & functions of plasma proteins?
11. How prothrombin activator is formed? Briefly discuss about fibrinolysis. Why ionized calcium is called
essential clotting factor?
12. What is pacemaker potential? Draw & label an action potential ofventricular muscle - Explain plateau with its importance.
13 Write down the interaction among pressure, flow & resistance. What is poiseuille's - Hagen formula?
14. What is vasomotor center? Discuss about the long term regulations of blood pressure.
15. What is bradycardia & tachycardia? Explain the Bain Bridge reflex, What are the characteristics of pulse?
16. Define cardiac output. Discuss the factors controlling cardiac output. What is cardiac index?
17. Draw & label the different events of cardiac cycle. Discuss the left ventricular pressure changes during
different phase of cardiac cycle.
18. Short notes on: i) ECG ii) Heart sound
Department of physiology
1st Term Examination (SAQ), Shsmc-12
1. Draw & label a typical human cell. Write down endoplasmic reticulum.
2. List the cell membrane transport process with example. How does Na* - K pump control cell volume?
3. What is action potential & resting membrane potential? Why does the resting membrane potential show a
negative charge?
4. What is the sarcomere of skeletal muscle.state the skeletal muscle contraction by giving a flow chart.
5 Name the blood cells and mention their morphology and normal values. State the steps of hemoglobin synthesis.
6. Classify WBC with their normal values. Mention the properties & functions of WBC.
7. Define hemostasis Give the role of platelet in hemostasis.
8. List the blood groups with medicolegal importance. Mention the hazards of blood transfusion.
9.
Short notes on: i) Homeostasis ii) Haemophilla
Group - B
10.
Name the important plasma protein with their normal values. Mention the properties & functions of plasma
proteins?
11.
How prothrombin activator is formed? Briefly discuss about fibrinolysis. Why ionized calcium is called
essential clotting factor?
12.
What is pacemaker potential? Draw & label an action potential of ventricular muscle - Explain plateau with its
importance.
13
Write down the interaction among pressure, flow & resistance. What is poiseuille's - Hagen formula?
14. What is vasomotor center? Discuss about the long term regulations of blood pressure.
15.
What is bradycardia & tachycardia? Explain the Bain Bridge reflex, What are the characteristics of pulse?
16,
Define cardiac output. Discuss the factors controlling cardiac output. What is cardiac index?
17. Draw & label the different events of cardiac cycle. Discuss the left ventricular pressure changes during
different phase of cardiac cycle.
18. Short notes on: i) ECG ii) Heart sound
Department of physiology
Mugda Medical College
1st Term Final Examination (SAQ); Batch M-6th
Group - A
1. Draw and label the structure of typical cell membrane. Write down the functions of cell membrane proteins.
2. List the membrane transport processes. How Na-K* pump maintains the cell volume?
3. What is resting membrane potential? How resting membrane potential is generated?
 Physiology Paper : II 165

4. Write down the steps of skeletal muscle contraction. Describe the role of ca²* in muscle contraction.
5. Define erythropoiesis. What are the changes occur during erythropoiesis? Briefly discuss the factors influencing
erythropoiesis.
6. Define hemostasis and coagulation. How platelet plug is formed?
7. Name the common anticoagulants used in laboratory. Briefly state the hazards of mismatched blood transfusion.
8. Write short note on:
a. Phagocytosis b. Rh incompatibility
Group - B
9. What is pacemaker potential? How cardiac impulse is transmitted through the heart.
10. Name the properties of cardiac muscle. Briefly discuss about "All or none law' and Refractory period.
11. What are the changes associated with cardiac cycle? Discuss the left ventricular pressure changes during cardiac
cycle with diagram.
12. Define cardiac output. What are the factors regulate cardiac output? How can cardiac output measured by using
Fick Principle.
13. Name the mechanism of blood pressure regulation, Write in short the baroreceptor feedback mechanism for
blood pressure regulation when blood pressure rises.
14. What are the components of microcirculation? How Starling equilibrium is maintained?
15. What is peripheral resistance? Briefly discuss the factors that regulate peripheral resistance.
16. Write short note on:

a. Ventricular escape b. Shock

Department of physiology
3rd Term Final Examination (SAQ); Batch M-6th
Group - A
1. Define hormone. Explain the mechanism of action of steroid hormones.
2. What are the abnormalities of growth hormone secretion? Write down the functions of growth hormone on
carbohydrate metabolism.
3. Give an outline of the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones with diagram. Define cretinism.
4. Why is aldosterone called the life-saving hormone? Write down the regulation of secretion and functions of
aldosterone.

5. Write down the functions of calcium in our body. How is calcium distributed in the body?
6. Define spermatogenesis. Write down the different stages of spermatogenesis with its hormonal control.
7. Define ovulation. Enumerate LH surge with its importance.
8. Write short notes on:
i. Milk letdown process ii. Puberty
Group - B
9. Define and classify receptor. Name the properties of receptors.
10. What is reflex and reflex arc. Draw the reflex arc of knee jerk.
11. Write down the functions of the hypothalamus. How is body temperature regulated in hot climates?
12. Name the special senses of our body with their receptors. Trace the visual pathway.
13. What are the differences between UMNL and LMNL? What is release phenomenon?
14. Name the refractory errors with their corrections. Define light reflex.
15. Trace the pain pathway. What is referred pain?
16. Write short notes on:
i. Alarm reaction ii. Accommodation reflex

Department of physiology
2nd Term Final Examination (SAQ);Batch M-6th
Group - A
1. Write down the mechanism of respiration showing the different pressure changes in a diagram
2. Briefly describe the peculiarities of pulmonary circulation. What is ventilation-perfusion ratio.
3. Draw and label respiratory membrane. Write about the factors affecting the diffusion of gases through the
respiratory membrane.
4. Draw and label oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve. Name the factors those cause shifting of the curve.
5. Name the respiratory centres with their locations and functions. What is inspiraton ramp signal?
6. Write about the basic movements of GIT. Give in short about the pharyngeal phase swallowing
7. Name the gastrointestinal hormones. State the functions and regulation of secretion of any two ofthem.
166 Physiology Paper : II
8. Write short notes on:

i. Enteric nervous system ii. Chloride shift

Group - B
9. Write about the peculiarities of renal circulation with their functional importance.
10. Define GFR with normal value. How is GFR auto-regulated?
11. State the basic mechanism of urine formation. How are HCO3 and Nat reabsorbed?
12. State the counter-current hypothesis. How is the hyperosmolarity of the medullary interstitium generated?
13. Briefly describe micturition reflex. What is atonic bladder?
14. Draw and label a spirogram showing different lung volumes and capacities with their normal value. What is the
importance of residual volume?
15. Define hypoxia. Describe each type of hypoxia with the effectiveness of oxygen therapy.
16. Write short notes on:
i. Diuresis ii. Peristalsis

Department of physiology
1st Term Final Examination (SAQ); Batch M-5th
Group - A
1. Define homeostasis. Explain positive feedback can sometimes cause vicious cycle and death.
2. Mention
volume?
the normal values of Na+, K+, CI and HCO³- in ECF and in ICF. How does Na*-K* pump control cell
3. Name the important plasma proteins with their normal values. Enumerate the functions of plasma proteins.
4. Classify membrane transport systems with examples. Write in short about the differences between active and
passive transport.
5.
What are the regulating mechanisms of blood pressure? Describe the baroreceptor mechanism in a flowchart.
6. Draw a typical cell membrane. Write down the functions of cell membrane proteins.
7.
Define peripheral resistance. State the factors affecting peripheral resistance. What is PRU?
8. Write short notes an:
i. RBC maturation factors
ii. Bleeding time and clotting time
Group - B
9. Give the normal values of haemoglobin. What are the steps of synthesis of haemoglobin?
10. What is clot? What are the fates of clot? Give an outline about the intrinsic pathway of prothrombin activator.
11. Define cardiac output with its normal value. What are the regulating factors of cardiac output? How can we
measure it?

12. pressure
What is cardiac cycle? Name the changes that occur during cardiac cycle. Draw and label the ventricular
changes.

13. Draw and label a normal ECG. Give its interpretation. Write down the importance of RR interval.
14. Define anaemia Write its morphological classification with example. Why is iron-deficiency anaemia common
in Bangladesh?

15. Write down the functional classification of blood vessels with example. What are the Starling forces?
16. Write short notes an:

i Ventricular escape ii Heart sounds

MYEMENSINGH MEDICAL COLLEGE

Department of physiology
1st Term Examination of M-53
1. Define homeostasis. Why the ECF is called the internal environment of our body? Write down the normal levels
of Na, K, HC03 and Cl in ECF,

2. What is cell? Draw and label the figure of human cell, briefly describe the phagocytosis.
3. Classify the membrane transport processes with example. Define osmosis and osmotic pressure. What are the
basic differences between passive and active transport?
4.
Define resting membrane potential and action potential. How the resting membrane potential is maintained?
Show the phages of action potential in diagram.
5.
Write down the normal values of RBC both in SI and traditional unit. In short write about the fate of RBC after
its life span. What is polycythemia?
6. Write down basic steps of blood coagulation. Describe the role of platelets in blood coagulation. What is
fibrinolysis?
7.
Write down the differential count of WBC. What are the properties and functions of WBC?
 Physiology Paper: II 167

8. States the functions of plasma proteins with their normal values. Write down the functions of plasma proteins.
What are the sources of plasma proteins?
9. What are the basic steps of Hb synthesis? Define anaemia. Write down the morphological types of anaemia with
example.
10. State the basic properties of cardiac muscles, Write in short about the All-or-none response and refractory
period ofthem.
11. Define cardiac cycle, Write down the ventricular events of cardiac cycle. What are the products of cardiac cycle?
12. Define cardiac output, stroke volume and TPR. Write down the Fick's principle method of measuring cardiac output.
13. Define pulse. What are the types of pulse? State the points what will be recorded during the examination of
pulse. What is catacrotic pulse?
14. Define blood pressure with equation. What are the types of blood pressure with normal values? Write in short
the baroreceptor feedback mechanism of blood pressure regulation.
15. Write short notes on. (any two) a) Na K* pump b) Shock c) Rh incompatibility
Department of physiology
2nd Term Examination for M-53
1. Mention four major components of respiration. Draw label a Spirogram showing different lung volumes and
capacities.
2. Draw and table oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. Mention the important of different of different parts of the curve.
3. Write down the functions of respiratory centers & its diagram. Mention about regulation of respiration of
respiration during exercise.
4. Define and classify hypoxia with role of 0₂ therapies. List the important functions of lung.
5. Write short note on:
R i) CO₂ transport. ii) Pulmonary blood pressures.
6. Draw and label the different parts of nephron. Write down the functions of individual parts of nephron.
7. Mention about the basic steps of urine formation. Shows the renal handing of four hypothetical substances.
8. Define renal plasma clearance. Mention the use of renal clearance, If urine inulin 35mg/ml, calculate GFR.
9. What are the basic requirements for forming concentrated urine? How ADH increases water reabsorption?
10. Mention six osmolar substances in ECF with their values. Write down daily intake and output of water.
11. Write down five GI hormones with their stimuli for secretion, site of secretion and action.
12. Write down the functional types of movements in different parts of GI tract. Explain about peristalsis.
13. Write short note on:- (i) Micturition reflex (ii) Defecation reflex
14. Mention the 5 hormones that regulate tubular reabsorption with site of action and effefts.
15. Write short note on:- (i) Macula densa feedback auto regulation (ii) Respiratory membrane
SHERE-BANGLA MEDICAL COLLEGE, BARISAL.
1st Term Final Examination,SB-52
1
Subject- physiology(SAQ)
Group - A
1. Give the composition of membrane protein.Name the membrane proteins Give their functions.
2. Classify membrane transport with the example. Differentiate active transport and facilitated diffusion.
3. Name the plasma proteins with their normal values. Give the fuctions of each.
4. Give the sites of erythropoiesis at different stages of life. What are the changes that occur in a mature RBC.
5. Define hemostasis. Give the steps of hemostasis. Write down the intrinsin pathway.
6. Name the contractile elements of skeletal muscle. Write down the events of skeletal muscle contraction.
7. Describe the fate of RBC. State the land Steiner s law
8. What are the RBC indices. Give the morphological classification of anemia with causes
9. Short note- a) Erythtroblastosis fetalis b) Hemophilia
10. Enumurate the properties of cardiac muscle. Explain any two
11. Name the junctional tissues of the heart. How impulse is transmitted from SA node to throught the heart
12. Draw and label cardiac ventricular muscle action potential. What are the significance of prolong refrectory
period and Av nodal delay.
13. Mention the changes that occur in a cardiac cycle. Write down the left ventricular pressure changes during
cardiac cycle with diagram.
14. Mention the sites of baroreceptors, State the role of baroreceptor feedback mechanism in regulation of blood pressure.
15. Define cardian output. What are the determining factors and influencing factors of CO.1+4
16. Define blood pressure. Give the different types of blood pressure. How mean pressure and pulse pressure can be calculated?
168
Physiology Paper : II

17. Give the normal value of heart rate at different ages. Write down the regulation of heart rate
18. Short note- a) ECG b) Heart sound.
1st Term Final Examination,SB-49
Subject- physiology(SAQ)
Group - A
1. Define Resting membrane potential & Action potential?Draw and Level of negative and positive after potential
with their role during refractory period.
2. What is cytoskeleton and role of their activity for centering the nucleus within the cell. Briefly describe role of
cytoskeleton for diapedesis of WBC and cellular setting on the basement membrane. How anti cancer drug
acting for halting of spreading of cancer.
3. Write down the steps of hemoglobin biosynthesis. Name Normal and abnormal hemoglobin with percentage.
Role of PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC for diagnosis of iron deficiency and megaloblastic anemia.
4. What is hemoglobinopathies. Classify hemoglobinopathies. Features of thalassemia and aplastic anemia.
5. Is sodium andpotassium pump present in RBC, If, not or yes what are their beneficiary effect for RBC's life
span. Effect of Cl-shift on RBC and its role in circulating blood.
Group - B
6. What is prepotential activity of SA node. Draw & label of action potential of SA node and its relation with
ventricular muscle depolarization. Why heart is not tetanize during cardiac cycle.
7.
What is Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors? Briefly discuss their roles of blood pressure regulation.
8. What is Cardiac cycle and how it is calculated? What are the change occur during it? Draw and label cardiac
cycle showing pressure change, Volume change, heart sound and ECG formation?
9. Draw & label a typical E.C.G. What information we can get from E.C.G.? Why hearty rate is lowering during
Hyperkalemia?

10. What is stoke Adams syndrome? How can we save from it? What is Reynold's number and what are the effect of
Reynold number of 300-400 and above 2000?

"When a man dies no further reward is recorded for his actions with three exceptions: Sadaa which
continues to be supplied, or knowledge from which benefit continues to be reaped, or the prayers of
a good son to his dead father"
[Muslim].
 Biochemistry Paper : I 169

"

000

BIOCHEMISTRY
170 Biochemistry Paper : I

MARKS DISTRIBUTION

Full Marks-400

Component Marks Total Marks

Formative assessment 10+10 20

WRITTEN EXAMINATION

20
Paper - I- MCQ

70
SAQ

20
Paper - II- MCQ 180

70
SAQ

PRACTICAL EXAMINATION

OSPE 50

Traditional methods 40 100

Practical Note Book 10

ORAL EXAMINATION (Structured) 100

Grand Total 400

? Biophysics & Biomolecules Food & Nutrition

Digestion, Absorption and Metabolism Vitamins and Minerals

? Clinical Endocrinology Renal system

Clinical Biochemistry Body Fluid, water and electrolytes balance
? Acid-Base balance

?
Molecular Biology & Genetics
 Biochemistry Paper : I 171

BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-I

Contents

Biophysics.. 172

Biomolecules .174

Digestive System 177

Bioenergetics & Metabolism 179

Clinical Endocrinology 182

Clinical Biochemistry .183

University (SAQ).. .186

University (MCQ).. .194

"And verily in cattle there is a lessonforyou. I give you to drink comingfrom a conjunction between
1"

the contents ofthe intestine and the blood pure milk, apleasant beveragefor those who drink it.
[Al-Qur'an Surah Nahal (16).66]
172 Biochemistry Paper : I

BIOPHYSICS
pH
Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Define pH (DU: Oct-21,Nov-19/18, M-18/17/16/15, Ja-16, Ju-15/14/12/13)
*** 2. What is optimum pH ? Discuss the clinical importance of pH (DU: Ju-15)
:
*
1. Shortly discuss how normal pH is maintained in a normal person. (Viva)
*** 2. Short note: pH scale(DU: May-20)
Buffer

Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Define buffer (DU: Oct-21,M-19/18/16/15, Nov-19/18/17/16/15, Ja-16/15, Ju-15)
*** 2. Classify buffer (DU: Nov-17/16/15, Ja-08/06)
*** 3. Name the blood buffer. (DU: Ju-15/14/09, Ja-11/08)
Or, Name the blood buffer with chemical structure (DU: M-20,15)
Or, Classify blood buffer systems with their composition. (DU: Oct-21,M-19/18)
*** 4. Name body buffer (DU: Ju-14, Ja-12/07/06)
Or, Name body buffer and their role in living system (DU: Ju-10)
Or, Name the buffer systems in our body with examples. (DU: Nov-18)
***
5. Give the basic mechanism of action of buffer (DU: Nov-18/16, Ja-16/12/11, Ju- 14/10-06)
Or, How buffer acts? (DU: Nov-19/17, M-18, Ju- 14, Ja-08)
*** 6. Which buffer system is most potent and why ? (DU:May-20,Ju-13)
Or, Bicarbonate buffer system is most important explain. (DU: Ja-16, Nov-19/15)
Or, Why bicarbonate(HCO3) buffer system is called most important to maintain blood
pH?(DU: Oct-21,Nov-17, M-17)
Or, Mention the importance of bicarbonate system (DU: Ju-15)
Or, Which buffer system is important ? (DU: Ju-13/12)
*** 7. What is pk (DU: May-20,Nov-19, M-18/16)
*** 8. Short note: Bicarbonate buffer system. (DU: Oct-21)
More Questions:
*** 1. What is alkali reserve (DU: M-20)
** 2. Name the buffers in ECF, ICF and blood (DU: Ja-06)
* 3. Show how HCl is buffered in Blood. (DU: Ja-07)
** 4. Show with equation how buffer acts. (DU: Ja-09)
Laws
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Illustrate the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation with its importance. (DU: Ju-15/14)
Or Deduce Henderson-Hasselbalch equation(DU: M-19/17)
***
2. Write short note on: isotopes. (DU: Ja-15, Ju-10)
*** 3. The blood PH is 7.4 establish it by applying H-H equation (DU: M-16/15)
***
4. Short note on: H-H equation (DU: M-15)
More Questions:
** 1. Define and explain the law of mass action and give examples. (DU: Ja-09)
** 2. Give the HHE for buffer solution. (DU: Ja-09)
* 3. What is Gibb's-donnan equilibrium effect? Explain with example. Give its importance.
(DU: Ja-08)
** 4. Using law of mass action describe the HHE. What are the uses of this equation? (DU: Ja-09)
 Biochemistry Paper : I 173

Solution, Colloid & Crystalloid

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Define:
a) Solution. (DU: Ju-16)
b) Normal solution, (DU: Nov-17/16, Ju-16/07, Ja-14)
c) Standard Solution (DU: Ju-16)
d) Molar solution. (DU: Nov-17, Ju-16/07, Ja-14)
e) Osmolar solution, (DU: Nov-16, Ju-16/07, Ja-14)
f) Normal Saline. (DU: Nov-16, Ju-16, Ja-14)
g) Colloids. (DU: Ja-16/08/07, Ju-11/10/09)
h) Crystalloid. (DU: Ja-16/08/07, Ju-11/10/09)

*** 2. Define colloid and crystalloid with example. (DU: May-20,Ja-16/08/07, Ju-11/10/09)
*** 3. What do you mean by SI unit?Classify them with example. (DU: M-20)
*** 4. Differentiate between colloid and crystalloid. (DU: M-18/17/16, Nov-19/15, Ju-14)
Or, Differentiate colloid and crystalloid by their physical and chemical properties (DU: M-15)
*** 5. Write down the important properties of colloid (DU: Ja-13/10, Ju-09)
Or, Give the properties of colloid.(DU: May-20,Nov-17)
*** 6. What is dialysis? (DU: M-18/16, Ju-10/09/08, Ja-07)
***
7. What is dialysis? Write its importance in medical practice (DU: Nov-19/15)
*** 8. Enumerate some important plasma colloids. (DU: M-18)
*** Short note on:
31 Normal solution and normal saline (DU: Nov-16)
ii) Colloid and crystalloid (DU: Ju-13)
iii) SI unit (DU: Nov-18/16, M-15)
iv) Dialysis (DU: M-19, Ja-10)
More Questions:
1. What is solution? Classify solution according to tonicity with their clinical importance. (Viva)
**

** 2. Name some important blood crystalloids. (DU: Ju-08)

* 3. Give the properties of colloids (DU: Ja-08,07)
Or, three properties of colloid. (DU: Ju-10,Ju-09)

Membrane Transport

Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Name the membrane transport system with example of each. (DU: Ju-14)
Or, Classify membrane transport system with example. (DU: Ju-12)
*** 2. Mention the composition and organization of biological membrane with figure (DU: Ju-14/12)
*** 3. Compare between secondary active transport and facilitated diffusion (DU: Ja-15)
*** 4. State the Nat K* pump (DU: Ju-14/09)
More Questions:
**
1. Define and classify active transport process with example (DU: Ja-10)

Isotopes

Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Define & classify isotopes with example (DU: M-19, Nov- 16/15, Ja-16/14/12/11)
3 Or, Classify isotopes. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-18)
*** 2. Give the importance of isotopes in medicine (DU: Nov- 16/15, Ja-16/12/11)
Or, Write down the clinical use of isotopes. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-18, Ja-14)
*** 3. 3 biomedical importance and hazards of isotopes. (DU: M-20,19)
174 Biochemistry Paper : I
**
4. Mention the advantage and disadvantage of radioactive isotopes (DU: Ja-13)
*** 5. Write short note on: isotopes (DU: M-18, Ja-15,Ju-10)
More Questions:
**
1. Define radioactive decay. What is the clinical (physiological/biomedical) importance of
isotopes ? (DU: Ja-10).
* 2. What is radioactive half life?

BIOMOLECULES
Carbohydrates
Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Define and classify carbohydrate with example (DU: M-17, Ju-14, Ja-16/15)
*** 2. Enumerate the names and give the importance of GAGS.(DU:Nov-17)
***
3. Define and classify monosaccharides with example. (DU: M-20,19, Ja-15,Ja-12)
*** 4. What is mucopolysaccharides?Give its example. (DU: Oct-21)
***
5. Name some important heteropolysaccharides. Mention the functions of mucopolysaccharide
/GAGS. (DU: Ja-15/10/09 Nov-15)
*** 6. Define and classify polysaccharides with examples (DU: Ja-22,Oct-21,Nov-19/18/17/16/15, Ju-15)
***
7. What are the types of glycosaminoglycans? Give their functions. (DU: Nov-19/16)
Or, Write the names and importance of GAGS. (DU: Jan-22,Nov-18)
***
8. What is dialysis.write its importance in medical practice. (DU: Oct-21)
*** 9. Give the biomedical importance of
a) Glycogen (DU: Ja-14, Ju-10/06)
b) Glucose (M-20/19/17/16/15, Ju-14)
c) Ribose (DU: M-17, Ju-13, Ja-11/07)
d) Cellulose (DU: Ja-13/08, Ju-11, 09)
e) Carbohydrate starch (DU: Ju-10, Ja-07)
f) Glycosaminoglycans/ GAGS (DU: Nov-15, Ja-15,14/8, Ju-10/09)
g) Pentose (DU: M-19/16)
h) Fructose (DU: M-20/15)
**
10. Differentiate liver glycogen and muscle glycogen.(DU: Ju-14)
*** 11. What is reducing sugar? (DU: Ja-15, Ju-12)
More Questions:
**
1. What is glycosidic bond (DU: Ja-11)
**

2. Describe polysaccharide. Write down the sources of pentose sugar. Biomedical importance of
pentose sugar. (DU: Ja-10)
** 3. Give the biomedical importance of mucopolysaccharide (DU: Ju-11)

Amino Acids & Peptide Bond

Exclusive Questions:
**
1. Define amino acids? (DU: M-19)
**
2. What do you mean by essential amino acids? (DU: Ja-10/07)
**
3. Name the essential amino acids (DU: Ja-13/10/07)
***
4. Describe briefly amino acid pool. (DU: Ju-15/14, Ja-15,13)
*** 5. Define peptide,polypeptide & protein?Give example. (DU: Oct-21)
**
5. What is peptide bond. (DU: Nov-18, Ja-13, Ju-11)
***
6. Describe peptide bond with figure (DU: M-20/19/16/15, Ju-15)
Or, How peptide bond is formed? (DU: Nov-18, M-17, Ju-14, Ja-13/11/08)
***
7. Short note on: Peptide bond.(DU: Nov-19)
More Questions:
1. Mention the chemistry of amino acid- (DU: Ja-07)
**
2. What do you mean by non- essential amino acid, (DU: Ja-10)
**
3. Short note: Essential amino acids (DU: Ju-11)
 175
Biochemistry Paper : I

Protein

Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Define protein. (DU:M-17, Ju-15/13/12, Ja-15/11/10)
*** 2. Define polypeptide. (DU: M-17)
*** 3. Classify protein. (DU: Nov- 15, Ja-10/08)
Or, Classify protein functionally with one example of each. (DU: M-20,19, Ja-15/12, Ju
10/09)

Or. Enumerate the functional protein with example. (Du: Nov-18/17)

Or, Classify protein according to biological function. (DU: Nov-16, Ja-14)
*** 4
Enumerate the different structure of protein. (DU: Ja-22/15, Oct-21, Ju-11)
Or, Briefly describe the order of protein structure. (DU: Nov-16)
Or, Name the ordered conformation and ordered structure of protein (DU: Ju-13/12)
*** 5. What are the four levels of organization in a protein. (DU: Nov-17)
** 6. Name the tertiary structure of protein. (DU: Ju-13)
**
7. Give the properties of x-helix. (DU: Ju-12)
***
8. What do you mean by denaturation of protein?(DU: Ja-16/14,Ju-15)
Or, write on denaturation of protein. (DU: Ja-22,M-16/15)
*** 9. Isoelectric pH of protein? (DU: Ju-14, Ja-12/09)
** 10. Define zwitter ion. (DU: Ju-14, Ja-09)
*** 11. Short note on: Denaturation of protein (DU: Ju-15/14/09)
More Questions:
**

1. Enumerate five important protein with their function. (DU: Ju-11)

Or, Mention important function of protein (DU: Ja-11)
** 2. What do you mean quaternary structure. (DU: Ja-11)
* 3. Why albumin is present as an anion in plasma? (DU: Ja -09)

Fatty Acids, Lipids & Complex Lipids

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Define fatty acid. (DU: Nov-19/16, M-18/15, Ju-15/14/12)
***
2. Classify fatty acids with example. (DU: Nov-19, M-18/17, Ju-15/14/12/10)
*** 3. Define essential fatty acids. (DU: Ju-12, Ja-09)
Why they are called so? (DU: Ju- 11/10, Ja-09)
*** 4. Mention three biological importance's or functions of essential fatty acids. (DU: Ju-11/10, Ja-09)
** 5 What do you mean omega fatty acid? Give their importance. (DU: Ju-12)
*** 6. Give the importance of PUFA. (DU: Ju-14)
Or, Give the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acid. (Du: M-17)
*** 7. Define and classify lipid DU: Oct-21,M-19, Ja-16) With example. (DU: M-19/16, Ja-10/07)
*
8. Define and classify complex lipid. (DU: Ja-09/06, Ju-09)
** 9. Enumerate component of lipid profile with normal reference range. (DU: Ja-22,ju-13)
Or, Name the plasma lipids With their reference value. (DU: Ja-13)
***
10. Define and classify phospholipid with their biological importance & example. (DU: Ja
22/11,Ju-11,09,07)
***
11. Write down the function of phospholipids. (DU: M-17/15, Ju-13, Ja-13/12)
**
12. Write down the importance of phospholipids (DU: Oct-21,M-19/18, Ja-11, Ju: 09/07)
**
13. Short note on:

i) Phospholipid. (DU: 14/06) ii) Lactic Acid cycle. (DU: Ju-12)

More Questions:
*
1. What are the essential fatty acids with their sources? (DU: Ju- 07, Ja-06)
2. Write the importance of glycolipid.
*

*
3. Name the eicosanoids with their biosynthesis and function. (DU: Ju-06)
176 Biochemistry Paper : I

Lipoproteins & Apoproteins

Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Define lipoprotein. (DU: M-19/17, Nov-15, Ja-14)
2. Classify lipoproteins. (DU: M-19/17, Ja-12/11, Ju-11/06)
***

*** 3. Give the origin of different types of lipoprotein. (DU: M-19/17)

***
4. Name the lipoproteins (DU: Ju-15/11, Ja-12)
Or, Enumerate the lipoproteins. (DU:Nov-19, M-18)
***
/13/11)
**
5.6.
DrawState
andthe
label structure
function
of of lipoprotein.
each type
of 14 (DU:lipoprotein
.Nov-
( DU
:16/15,
Ja
- 15
/ Ju-15/11,
12
) Ja-15/
**
7. Name the TG rich lipoproteins. Give their metabolism. (DU: Ju-14)
** 8. What is apolipoproteins? (DU: Ja-15/14)
** 9. Give the importance of apolipoproteins. (DU: Ja-12)
Or, state the function of each type of apolipoproteins. (DU: Ja-15)
*** 10. Short note:

i) Lipoprotein (DU: Nov-18/17, Ju-10, Ja-07)

ii) Apoprotein (DU: Ja-10)
More Questions:
**
1. Mention the sites of synthesis of lipoprotein. (DU: Ja-12)
**
2. Write down the biomedical importance of lipoproteins. (DU: Ja-12)

Eicosanoids, Steroids & Cholesterol

Exclusive Questions:

*** 1. Give the importance of eicosanoids (DU: Ju-14)

** 2. What is steroid and sterol? (DU: Ja-14)
*** 3. Mention the function of cholesterol (DU: Ja-14)
*** 4. Write down the function of HDL (DU: Nov-15)
*** 5. Write down the importance of LDL-C & HDL-C (DU: Ju-15/11, Ja-13)
*** 6. state the advantage and disadvantage of cholesterol. (DU: Ju-15/12, Ja-15).
Or, Write down the role of cholesterol in health and disease. (DU: Nov-17)
***
7. -18)
***
8.
WriteState
the the
functions of cholesterol.
metabolism
of HDL
- What Nov
are thecholesterol
.(
causes
DU
: of hypercholesterolaemia?
Nov
- 19
, M- 18
) (DU:
:Nov-19)
** 10. Write short note:

i) Eicosanoids (DU: ja-22/11,Nov-17/16/15, Ju-12/11/09)

ii) Cholesterol (DU: Ja-11)
More Questions:
1. Define eicosanoids with example. (DU: Ju-06)
* 2. Mention the eicosanoids with their biosynthesis and functions (DU: Ju-06)
*
3. Cholesterol is a lipid" Justify (DU: Ja-08)
*
4. State the importance of prostaglandin and dipalmitoyl lecithin (DU: Ja-06)
* 5. Write short note on: Steroid (DU: Ja-08/06)

Enzyme

Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Define enzyme and cofactor (DU: Ja-22/15,Nov-17, M-17,Ju-10/09).
Or, What is co-factor?(DU: Nov-19/18)
***
2. Discuss the clinical importance of enzyme. (DU: Ju-13, Ja-08,) What is Km value? (DU: Ju
10/09, Ja-07)
 Biochemistry Paper : I 177

*** 3. Define enzyme, co-enzyme and iso-enzyme with example of each (DU: Oct-21,M-20, Nov
19/17/18/15,Ja-15/14)
*** 4. Give the UB (DU: M-16/15, Ju-14) & MB classification of enzyme with brief description
and example of each (DU: Ju-15/14/12/11)
Or, Give the IUBMB classification of enzyme with an example of each. (DU: M-20/18/17)
Or, Classify enzymes with examples. (DU: Nov-18)
*** 5. Discuss about the factors affecting enzyme activity. (DU: Ja-13/12)
Or, Briefly discuss the factors affecting enzyme action. (DU:Nov-17)
Or, State/ mention the effects of temperature. (DU: Nov-16, M-15, Ju-14), substrate concentration.
(DU: M-15, Ju-13/11) & effect of PHon enzyme action. (DU: Nov-19/16, M-15, Ju-14)
Or, State the role of pH and substrate concentration on enzyme activity. (DU: M-18)
** 6. Define and classify co-enzyme (Nov-16)
** 7. What is iso-enzyme? (DU: Ja-22/15,Nov-17,Ju-09)
**
8. What do you mean by non-functional plasma enzyme? Mention it's importence. (DU: M-19/17/16)
* 9. What do you mean by enzyme specificity? (DU: Ju-12)
*

10. What is enzyme inhibition? (DU: Ja-12)

**
11. Short note:

i) Non-functional plasma enzyme (DU: Ju-14)

ii) Km value of enzyme (DU: Ja-13, Ju-12)
iii) Iso-enzyme (DU: Ja-11)
**

12. Write down the important properties of enzyme (DU: Ja-12)

Or, Write the properties of enzymes (DU: Nov-18)

Digestive System

Local Hormones

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Name the local hormones of GI tract. (DU: M-19, Ja-16)
Or, Name the local hormones of GI tract with their function (DU: M-20,16)
Or, Name the local hormone of GIT with their functions. (DU: M-17)
Or, Discuss in short about local hormones of GIT.(DU:Nov-18)
*** 2. State the main function of each hormone of GIT. (DU: Ja-13)
*** 3. Name the local hormones that act on pancreas. (DU: Ja-11)
* 4. Briefly describe the role of gastrin and secretin. (DU: M-19)
** 5. Short Note on:
i) Local hormones (DU: M-18) of GIT. (DU: Ju-13)
More Questions:
*
1. Briefly describe the role of gastrin, Somatostatin and secretin.
* 2. Discuss the mode of secretion and function of cholecystokinin and pancreozymin.

Digestive Juices

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Name the digestive juices with their pH. (DU: Nov-19/18/17, M-16/15, Ju-15/14, Ja-12/10)
*** 2. Describe the mechanical function of saliva and composition of saliva. (DU: M-20,16)
*** 3. Enumerate the chief components of gastric juice. (DU: Oct-21,Ju-14/13)
Or, Enumerate the chief components of gastric juice with their functions. (DU: Nov-16)
*** 4. What are the four major components of gastric juice? (DU: Nov-17, Ja-13/12, Ju-14).
178 Biochemistry Paper : 1

Or, What are the four major components of gastric juice? Give function of each. (DU: Ju-14)
Or, Name the four major components of gastric juice and give their functions. (DU: Nov-19/18)
** 5. State the functions of HCL. (DU: M-19, Ja-12)
***
6. State the role of HCL in protein Digestion. (DU: Ja-15)
**
7. Enumerate the exocrine and endocrine functions of pancreas. (DU: Ja-14)
***
8. Differentiate hydrolytic and echbolic secretion of pancreas. (DU: Nov-19, Ja-15)
** 9. Enumerate the pancreatic enzymes. (DU: Ja-15/11/09)
Or, Enumerate the pancreatic enzymes. State the main function of each component. (DU: Ja-13)
***
10. How does bile act as digestive juice? (DU: Oct-21)
**
11. State the role of bile salt in fat digestion and absorption. (DU: Jan-22,Nov-16, Ju-14/13)
***
12. Name the proteolytic enzymes of GIT. (DU: M-18/17)
*** 13. State the functions of intrinsic factor of castle. (DU: M-19)
**
14. Short note on :

Bile (DU: Ju-12)

More Questions:
* 1. What are the functions of bile? (DU: Ju-07)

** 2. How proteolytic enzyme of gastric juice is activated? (DU: Ju-09)

* 3. Classify digestive enzymes. Justify bile as a digestive juice. (DU: Ja-07)

Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrate

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Name the carbohydrate splitting enzymes found in GIT. (DU: Ju-10/6)
*** 2. Briefly describe carbohydrate digestion. (DU: M-16)
*** 3. What are the end products of carbohydrate digestion? (DU: Ju-14)
*** 4. Name some dietary carbohydrate. (DU: Ja-22/07/06)
*** 5. How the end products of carbohydrate digestion are absorbed? (DU: Ja-22/14)
** 6. Name the end products of starch digestion. (DU: M-19, Nov-15)
**
7. How glucose is absorbed from GIT? (DU: M-16/15, Ja-09)
**
10)
**
8.9.
Explain
Write
how ricehormonal
is digestedregulation
and
of mention
- the
carbohydrate
end products
metabolism
. ( ofDU
:
its digestion.
Nov
- 16
) (DU: Ju
***
10. Name the end products of carbohydrate, protein and lipid digestion.(DU: Nov-18)
***
11. Short note: a)la
More Questions:
**
1. How starch digestion and absorption is occurred from GIT? (DU: Ju-07/06)

Digestion And Absorption of Protein

Exclusive Questions:
**
1. Name the protein splitting enzymes of GI tract. (DU: M-19, Ja-14, Ju-12)
*** 2. Write down the steps of digestion and process of absorption of amino acids in the GI tract.
(DU: Ja-14)
Or, How amino acid is absorbed. (DU: M-17)
** 3. Give the steps of digestion and absorption of dietary protein in the intestine. (DU: Ju-12)
Or, Outline the digestion of protein in GIT. (DU: Oct-21,Ja-11)
Or, How protein is digested and absorbed from GIT? (DU: May-20,18)
*** 4. Short note on:
Proteolytic enzyme of GIT (DU: Nov-15)
More Questions:
1. Proteolytic enzyme of GIT with site of origin? (DU: May-20)
*
2. How proteolytic enzyme of gastric juice is activated? (DU: Ju-09)
 Biochemistry Paper : I 179

Digestion Absorption of Fat

Exclusive Questions:

** 1. Name the enzymes for fat digestion. (DU: Ju-11)

** 2. Give a brief outline of the digestion and absorption of dietary fat. (DU: Ju-11)
*** 3. Briefly state the Fat absorption in GIT. (DU: Nov-19, Ja-15)
Or, State how the products of Fat digestion are absorbed from GIT. (DU: Nov-15)
Or, How fat is digested and absorbed in the body. (DU: Nov-17)
*** 4. Name the end products of triacylglycerol digestion. (DU: M-19, Nov-15)
*** 5. What do you mean by emulsification of Fat? What is micelle? (DU: Nov-19, Ja-15)
Or, Role of bile in emulsification and micelle formation.(DU: May-20)
** 6. What is lactose intolerance? (DU: Nov-18, Ja-13)
*** 7. State how the end products of fat digestion are absorbed from GIT. (DU: Nov-18)
*** 8. Short note:

i) Lactose intolerance. (DU: Jan-22)

ii) Emulsification & micelle. (DU:M-19/17, Ja-15)
iii) Malabsorption syndrome.
More Questions:
*
1. How Fat is digested in the intestine? (DU: Ja-07)
*** 2. Name the diatary lipids with their end products of digestion.(DU: May-20)

Bioenergetics & Metabolism

Introduction

Exclusive Questions:
***

1. What is respiratory chain? (DU: M-19, Ja-14/8, Ju-10)

*** 2. Draw & lebel the components of respiratory chain.DU: Oct-21,Ja-14/13)
Or, Draw a respiratory chain mentioning their site of ATP production. (DU: Jan-22,Ju-11)
*** 3. Name the high-energy phosphates compound and how ATP is generated in Electron transport
chain. (DU: M-16)
*** 4. What is oxidative phosphorylation. (DU: Ja-22/14,M-18, Nov-17,Ju-11)
** 5. Define biological oxidation & oxidative phosphorylation. (DU: Ju-11)
*** 6. Name the inhibitors of respiratory chain? (DU: Oct-21,Nov-17, Ja-13/08/07, Ju-10/09)
*** 7. Name the metabolic pathways in mitochondria. (DU: Nov-19/16, Ja-14/13, Ju-11)
**
8. Name the metabolic pathways occurring in cytosol. (DU: M-18, Ju-13)
**
9. Name the metabolic cycles occur in the body. (DU: Ja-15)
***
10. Name the enzymes of biological oxidation. (DU: M-18)
*** 11. Diagrammatically show the different components of ETC. (DU: M-18)
***
12. What is intermediary metabolism. (DU: M-18)
***
D
13. Show the components, arrangement, & sites of ATP synthesis of the chain in flow chart?
(DU: Nov-19, M-19, Ju-10/09, Ja-07)
***
14. Short note on:

Respiratory chain. (DU: M-17, Ju-15, M-15, Ja-06)

More Questions:
*
1. Name the metabolic pathways in RBC with their importance. (DU: Ja-07)
* 2. Short note:
i) Biological oxidation.
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. What are the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism? (DU: May-20,Ju-15, Ja-11)
180
Biochemistry Paper : I

Or, Mention the anabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism. (DU: Ja-12)

***

2. Name the catabolic pathway of carbohydrate metabolism. (DU: Nov-17)

***

3. Define glycolysis. (DU: Jan-22,M-19, Ja-15)

***
4. Classify glycolysis. (DU: M-19, Ja-15)
***
5. Show the glycolytic pathway with flow chart. (DU: Ja-22/15,Nov-19/16,Ju-10)
Or, State the irreversible steps in glycolysis. (DU: M-19, Nov-18/15)
Or, State the pathways of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis in flow chart. (DU: Ju-11)
Or, Show the flowchart how glucose is converted into lactate. (DU: Ju-09)
*** 6. What is anaerobic glycolysis & its importance? (DU: Oct-21,M-19/17, Ja-15)
** 7. How glycolysis can be inhibited in vivo and vitro. (DU: Ju-11)
***
8. Citric acid is an amphibolic pathway- explain. (DU: Ju-15/14, M-15)
Or, Why TCA cycle is called an amphibolic pathway. (DU: M-17/15, Ju-13, Ja-1)
*** 9. Justify TCA cycle an amphibolic and common metabolic pathway. (DU: Oct-21,Ja-16/12, M-16/15)
Or, The TCA cycle is a amphibolic pathway of metabolism- explain. (DU: M-19, Nov-18)
10. Show the TCA cycle in flow chart with the site of energy generation. (DU: Ja-12)
**

***
11. Write on energetic of one mole glucose oxidation in tabulated form. (DU: M-15)
Or, Calculate the ATP production of complete oxidation of one mole of glucose. (DU: Ja-14, Ju-11)
Or, How many ATPs are generated from 1 mole of glucose in aerobic condition.show in
tabulated form.(DU: M-17)
** 12. Calculate the total ATP formed in citric acid cycle. (DU: Ja-12)
13. What are the sources and fates of acetyl co-A in the body? (DU:Oct-21,Nov-18, Ju-13/08)
**

Or, What are the fates of acetyl co-A. (DU: Ju-12/10)

*** 14. How pyruvate is converted to acetyl Co-A? (DU: Ja-16/09)
**

** 15. 16.
What areDefine
theHMP
sourceshunt
.
and DU
( fates
: Ju
- of13
/
pyruvic
12
) acid08
(or pyruvate) in the body. (DU: Ja-13, Ju- )

***

17. Discuss the importance of HMP shunt / pentose phosphate pathways in brief. (DU: May
20,Nov-17, M-15, Ju-14/13/12/10)
***
18. Define gluconeogenesis. Write down its importance. (DU: M-17, Ju-13/12)
Or, What is gluconeogenesis? Name the substrates for it. Give its importance. (DU: Nov-17, Ja-15)
Or, Name the substrate and importance of gluconeogenesis. (DU: Nov-18)
***
19. What do you mean by glycogenesis and glycogenolysis. (DU: Nov-15, Ju-1/09)
*** 20. Differentiate liver glycogen from muscle glycogen. (DU: Ju-15/14)
*** 21. Mention the factors regulating glycogen metabolism. (DU: Nov-15)
*** 22. Discuss the glucostatic function of liver. (DU: May-20,Nov-18)
*** 23. How pyruvate and lactate are formed from glucose. (DU: M-18)
***
24. Short note on:
i) Glycogen storage disease. (DU: Ju-13)
ii) Lactic acid cycle. (DU: Ja-12)
iii) Gluconeogenesis. (DU: M-16)
iv) Common metabolic pathway. (DU: Nov-17)
v) HMP shunt. (DU:Nov-18)
vi) TCA cycle(DU: May-20)
More Questions:
*
1. Mention the importance of glycolysis. (DU: Ju-10)
2. Name one inhibitor of glycolysis and mention its importance. (DU: Ju-09)
*

* 3. Mention the hormonal influence of glycogenesis. (DU: Ju-09)

* 4. Describe the hormonal regulation of glycogenesis. (DU: Ja-09)
* 5. Mention the difference of glycogenolysis in liver and in muscle. (DU: Ju-09)
 Biochemistry Paper : I 181

Protein Metabolism
Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Discuss amino acid pool. (DU: Nov-16, Ju-15/14, M-15, Ja-13)
Or, Briefly describe amino acid pool. (DU: Nov-17)
*** 2. Classify nitrogen balance with example. (DU: Ju-14)
Or, Shortly give the concept of nitrogen balance. (DU: Ja-13)
*** 3. What is transamination? Give two example. (DU: Ju-13/12/11, Ja-10/09)
Or, Briefly discuss transamination with example. (DU: Nov-19, Ja-15)
Or, Give the importance of transamination. (DU: Ju-13/12)
*** 4. Briefly discuss deamination with examples. (DU: Nov-19, Ja-15/09, Ju-13/11/08)
Or, Define transamination with example. (DU: Ja-22,Nov-17)
** 5. Define oxidative deamination. (DU: Ju-12, Ja-10)
** 6. Give the importance of deamination. (DU: Ju-13/12)
*** 7. Define transamination & deamination with example. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-18/16)
*** 8. Write down the source to ammonia. (DU: M-20, 19, Ju-15/11/06, Ja-14/12/11/10)
** 9. What are the disposal routes of ammonia. (DU: Ja-13)
Or, Discuss in brief the disposal of ammonia from our body. (DU: Ju-11, Ja-08/09)
*** 10. What are the fates of ammonia in our body. (DU: M-20,19, Ja-11/10)
***
11. Show the urea cycle with diagram. (DU: Ja-15)
Or, Show the reactions of urea cycle with a diagram. (DU: Ja-14)
Or, How urea is formed from ammonia. (DU: Ju-10)
Or, Diagrammatically show the reactions of urea cycle. (DU: M-18)
*** 12. What are the requirements for the urea formation? Show the diagram of urea genesis.(DU: M-17)
*** 13. What is ammonia intoxication?(DU: Jan-21,M-17)
Or, What is ammonia intoxication? Why does it occur in liver failure. (DU: Ja-12/07)
*** 14. How ammonia is formed and transported in the body. (DU: M-18)
*** 15. Short note on:
i) Nitrogen balance(Du: M-17)
ii) Urea cycle. (DU: May-20,Nov-15)
iii) Cori cycle. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-17)
iv) Transamination. (DU: M-19, Ju-11/10, Ja-10)
v) Amino acid pool. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-19)

Fat Metabolism

Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Define oxidation of fatty acid. (DU: M-17, Ja-14)
Or, Enumerate the steps of ß-oxidation. (DU: May-20,Nov-17)
Or, What is B-oxidation of fatty acids. (DU: M-20,19/18, Ju-15/12/07, M-15, Ja-08)
*** 2. Describe the beta- oxidation of fatty acids. (Show the pathway in a flowchart. (DU: Ja-11/06, Ju-07)
Or, Show the reactions of fatty acid oxidation. (DU: Ju-14/13)
*** 3. Describe the carnitine shuttle mechanism with figure. (DU: Nov-19, M-18/15)
*** 4. Show the ATP generation by beta-oxidation of an 18-carbon fatty acid. (DU::Nov-17, Ju-15)
Or, Show the ATP generation from 16 carbon fatty acid. (DU: May-20)
Or, Mention the end product and an account of ATP generation after beta-oxidation of a
eighteen carbon fatty acid. (DU: -12Ju)
*** 5. Name the ketone bodies. (DU: Ja-22,Oct-21,Nov-19/17/16/15,M-18,M-15)
*** 6. What do you mean by ketogenesis? (DU: Ja-11)
** 7. Briefly discuss ketogenesis? (DU: Ja-12)
***
8. Write down the synthesis of ketogenesis (DU: Nov-17)
182 Biochemistry Paper : 1
Or, Write down the biosynthesis & uses/utilization of ketone bodies.(DU:Ja-22,Oct-21,Nov
19,May-18, Nov-15)
Or, State the ketogenesis & mention the utilization of ketone bodies. (DU: Ja-14)
Or, How ketogenesis occurs? How ketone bodies are utilized? (DU: Ju/Ja-13)
Or, Show the pathway of ketogenesis. (DU: Ju-12)
***
9. Define ketosis. Or, What is ketosis? (DU: M-18) write down the causes of ketosis. (DU: Ju-15/14)
***
10. Why ketosis is developed in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus? (DU: Nov-19/17, Ju-15/12, M-15)
Or, How ketosis is developed in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus? (DU: Nov-18)
***
11. Name the lipoprotein and site of origin. (DU: May-20,Nov-16, Ju-15)
***
12. Write briefly about HDL metabolism. (DU: Jan-22,Oct-21)
*** 12. Give the metabolism of LDL and its adverse effect on health. (DU: M-20,19/18)
More Questions:
***
1. Write down the energetics of B-oxidation of 20 carbon fatty acid. (DU: Ja-09)
Or, Show the flowchart of 18 carbon fatty acid oxidation. (DU: M-17)
**
2. Give a short overview of the pathways for production of ATP from palmitic acid. (DU: Ja-08)
* 3. Write down the origin of ketone bodies. (DU: Ja-10)
** 4. State the fates of the ketone bodies. (DU: Ja-11/10/06)
* 5. What is ketoacidosis? (DU: Ja-07, Ju-07)
* 6. Write down the causes of ketoacidosis. How they are utilized? (DU: Ja-09)
** 7. Write short note on:

i) Carnitine shuttle mechanism (DU: Jan-22,M-17)

Clinical Endocrinology

Cellular Communication

More Questions:
** 1. What are the different types of cellular communication? (DU: Ju-11/09)
Or, How cell communicate with each other. (DU: Ja-12/10)
** 2. What is 2nd messenger? (DU: 13)
** 3. Enumerate the second messages system. (DU: Ja-12)
** 4. Name some second messenger. (DU: Ja-11)
**
5. Give the mechanism action of IP3 and ca²+ as a second messenger system with figure. (DU: Ja-13)
** 6. )
** 7. DefineWhat
signal
is transduction.
cytokines
?( DU
: Mention
Ju
- 12
) the basic12
process of signal transduction. (DU: Ju-
***
8. Short note:
i) Cellular communication. (DU: Ja-15/14)
ii) 2nd messenger. (DU: Ju-14)
iii) CAMP. (DU: Ja-10)
iv) Cytokines. (DU: Ju-11)
Thyroid Hormones

Exclusive Questions:
*
1. What are the thyroid hormones? (DU: Ju-08/07)
** 2. What are the diagnostic laboratory findings in a patient of hypothyroidism? (DU: Ja-11/08)
***
3. Give the thyroid hormone status in hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism and euthyroidism. (DU: M-16)
**
4. Short note:

i) Cretinism. (DU: Ju-13/11)

ii) Acromegaly. (DU: Ja-11/09)

 Biochemistry Paper : I 183

More Questions:

1. Give the causes and clinical features of hyperthyroidism. (DU: Ja-06)

*

* 2. What are the biochemical tests done to diagnose a case of hyperthyroidism? (DU: Ja-07)
Diabetes
Exclusive Questions:

** 1. Name the important hormones which increase blood Sugar. (DU: Ju-11)
*** 2. Define IFG and IGT. (DU: Nov-19/15, Ja-15, Ju-13)
Or, What do you mean by IFG and IGT? (DU: Nov-18)
*** 3. What is OGTT. Write down the procedure of OGTT. (DU: Nov-19/17)
*** 4.5.
***
Write down
Interpret
thethe
indication
result
of andOGTT
.
procedure
( DU
: Ja
- of22
14
,
OGTT
Nov
- 19
preparation.
/ 17
, M- 16
/ (DU:
15
, Ju
Ja-22,M-16,
- 15
/ 14
/ 13
) Ju-15/ /13)
*** 6. Enumerate the exocrine and endocrine function of pancreas. (DU: Ja-14)
*** 7. How insulin lowers blood glucose level? (DU: Ja-14)
*** 8. State the laboratory diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. (DU: Nov-15)
*** 9. State the importance of pre-diabetes. (DU: Ja-15)
10. Differentiate between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. (DU: Ju-11)
**

***
11. What is HbA₁C? (DU: Nov-17/15)
*** 12. How normal blood glucose is maintained? (DU: M-18)
***
13. Short note on:
i) OGTT. (DU: Ja-11/09)
ii) Diabetes insipidus. (DU: Ju-12/06)
iii) HbA₁C. (DU: Nov-16/15, Ja-15)
iv) Prediabetes(DU: M-17)
More Questions:
1. What are the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus?
2. what are the complications of diabetes mellitus?
Calcium Homeostasis

Exclusive Questions:
**
1. What are the forms of calcium in blood? (DU: Ju-11/09, Ja-10)
** 2. State is brief how serum calcium is regulated. (DU: Ju-11)
**
10)
3. Mention
Or
, How
the role ofcalcitriol
calcitriolregulates
in calcium
serum
- homeostasis.
calcium
level
? ( (DU:
DU
: Ja-
Ja-11/08,
10
) Ju
4. Briefly describe the calcium homeostasis. (DU: Nov-17)
More Questions:
*
1. Discuss the role of hormones in Ca** metabolism. (DU: Ja-08)
++
2. Which forms of Cat is active. (DU: Ja-08/06)
3. Short note: Calcitriol. (DU: Ja-06, Ju-07)

Clinical Biochemistry
Photometry

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. 16)
*** 2. What is Mention
photometry
the &principle
Write
of in briefcolorimeter
.
about
( DU
:photometry.
/ Nov
- 19
, M -
(DU:
17
, Ja
Ja-22/15,Nov-19,
- 15
) M-18/17
*** 3. Define sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy. (DU: M-18, Ja-15/13)
**

4. Name the specimens that can be analyzed in a clinical laboratory? (DU: Ju-11/06)
*** 5. Draw and level the basic parts of a photoelectric colorimeter.(DU: Jan-22,Nov-18)
*** 6. Write down the principle of colorimetry. (DU: M-18)
More Questions:
*
1. What is Beer's law and Lambert's law. (DU: Ju-07)
* 2. Write down the differences between colorimeter and spectrophotometer. (DU: Ju-07)
184 Biochemistry Paper : I

Laboratory Hazards
Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Name the laboratory hazards. (DU: Ja-15)
Or, Name the different types of laboratory hazards. (DU: Ju-12)
Or, Write in brief about the hazards in a clinical biochemistry laboratory. (DU: Ja-10)
Or, Mention the hazards that may occur in a clinical laboratory. (DU: M-18)
*** 2. What is biological hazard? (DU: Ju-12)
*** 3. How biohazard can be prevented? (DU: Ja-15)
***
4. Mention the changes that occur in blood sample in delayed processing. (DU: M-18, Ju-14)/
prolonged standing. (DU: Nov-16)
Or, Mention the changes that occur of a blood sample if it is kept for long time without any
processing. (DU: Ja-13/12)
***
5. How haemolysis of blood sample is prevented. (DU: Ja-12)
Or, How haemolysis is prevented in clinical lab during blood collection and processing. (DU: M-16)
6. Define electrophoresis. (DU: Ju-14)
**

*** 7. Differences between serum and plasma. (DU: M-19)

***
8. Name the samples used for biochemical analysis. (DU: M-18)
9. What precaution to be taken during sample collection. (DU: Nov-19, M-19)
***

*** 10. Short note:

i) Laboratory hazards. (DU: M-16, Ja-14)

ii) Laboratory Biohazards (DU: M-20)
iii) Anticoagulants. (DU: Ja-15/13)
iv) Electrophoresis. (DU: Ja-13)
v) Quality control. (DU: Ju-13/09, Ja-11/8)
vi) Biological Hazards(DU:M-19, Nov-18, M-17)
Function Tests

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. State the glucostatic function of liver. (DU: Ju-14)
Or, Discuss the glucostatic function of liver. (DU: Nov-18)
***
2. State liver function tests briefly. (DU: Nov-15)
Or, Enumerate the liver function tests with their utility. (DU: Nov-16, Ju-13)
Or, State the liver function tests with interpretation of each of them. (DU: Ja-10/09)
**
3. Differentiate types of Jaundice biochemically. (DU: Oct-21,Ju-13)
*** 4. Give the biochemical findings. (DU: Ja-14).
Or, Give the Lab findings of different types ofjaundice. (DU: Nov-16)
*** 5. Name the tests which are done to assess renal functions with their normal value.(DU:Jan
22,Nov-18, M-17)
Or, State the protocol to assess renal function biochemically. (DU: M-16)
Or, Name the tests done in biochemistry lab to assess renal function. (DU: Ja-14)
*** 6. Write about biochemical tests done to assess kidney function. (DU: May-20,Ju-10/09)
*
7. Name the important thyroid function tests. (DU: Ja-11/08, Ju-09)
**
)
***
9. What do you mean by lipid profile. (DU: Nov-18/17)
***
10. Give the reference value of lipid profile. (DU: Jan-22,15,M-17)
Or, Give the normal value of lipid profile. (DU: Nov-18/17, M-16/15)
***
11. What is dyslipidemia. (DU: M-16/15)
***
12. What is enterohepatic circulation of bile acid. (DU: Nov-17)
***
13. What is proteinuria? Mention the causes of proteinuria? (DU: Jan-22,Nov-18)
***
14. What do you mean by plasma non functional enzymes? Why are they used for diagnosis of
diseases? (DU: M-19)
***
15. Name the test for detection of abnormal constituents of urine. (DU: May-20)
 Biochemistry Paper : I 185

16. Short note:

i) Kidney function test. (DU: M-15)

ii) Thyroid function test. (DU: M-17/16, Ja-15/14/12)
iii) Lipid profile. (DU:Nov-19, M-18, Ja-14)
iv) Non functional plasma enzyme. (DU: M-15)
v) Cardiac enzymes/markers. (DU: Oct-21,M-19, Nov-15)
vi) Liver function tests(Du: Oct-21,Nov-19/17)
vii) Renal function tests.(DU: M-18)
More Questions:

* 1. State common liver function tests. (DU: Ja-08)

** 2. How renal function can be assessed in biochemistry laboratory? (DU: Ju-11)
* 3. Give the interpretation of renal function tests. (DU: Ja-14)
*

4. How thyroid function can be assessed? what is cretinism. (DU: Ja-07)

Verily! Allah commands that you should render back the trusts to those to whom
they are due; and that when you judge between men, you judge with justice. Verily,
how excellent is the teaching which He (Allah) gives you! Truly, Allah is Ever All
Hearer, All-Seer. (An-Nisa : 58)
186 Biochemistry Paper : I

UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA (SAQ)

First Professional MBBS Examination
Subject: Biochemistry
Short Answer Question (SAQ)
Full Marks-70 Time-2 hours 40 minutes
Answer any 7 questions from each group.
First professional MBBS Examination of May & November,2021(held in January 2022)
Subject: Biochemistry, paper -I
GROUP-A

1. a) Define and classify polysaccharide with examples.

b) Give the importance of mucopolysaccharide.
2. a) Deline enzyme, cofactor and isoenzyme with examples.
b) Siate the effect of pH and temperature on enzyme activity.
3. a) State briefly the structures ofprotein.
b) What is denaturation of protein?
4. a) Classify phospholipids with examples.
b) Give the functions of phospholipids in our body.
5. a) Write down the indications, preparation and procedure of OGTT in an adult.
b) Give the interpretation of OGTT in an adult,
6. a) What is proteinuria? Enumerate its causes.
b) Mention the blood tests with their reference ranges which are done to assess renal function,
7. a) State the photometric laws.
b) Draw and label the components of a colorimeter.
8. Write Short notes on: a) Eicosanoids b) Bicarbonate buffer system
GROUP - B

9. a) Name the dietary carbohydrates.

b) State bricfly digestion and absorption of starch.
10. a) What is oxidative phosphorylation?
b) Draw and label a respiratory chain showing the sites of ATP generation.
11. a) Name the bile salts.
b) Briefly discuss the role of bile salts in fat digestion and absorption.
12. a) Define transamination with example. State its importance.
b) State briefly about ammonia intoxication,
13. a) Name the ketone bodies.
b) Write down the biosynthesis and utilization of ketone bodies in our body
14. a) Enumerate components of lipid profile with reference range.
b) Write in brief about HDL metabolism
15. a) Define glycolysis.
b) Show the glycolytic pathway with flow chart.
16. Write short notes on: a) Carnitine shuttle b) Lactose intolerance
First professional MBBS Examination of May & November,2020(held in Feb'2021)
Subject: Biochemistry, paper -I
GROUP-A

1. a) Define enzyme, coenzyme and isoenzyme with examples.

b) How does temperature affect enzyme activity?
2. a) Define pH and buffer. Classify blood buffers with examples.
b) How does bicarbonate buffer play very important role in our body?
3. a) Classify polysaccharides with example.
b) What is mucopolysaccharide? Give its importance.
4. a) Define peptide, polypeptide and protein? Give examples.
b) Name the various structures of protein.
5. a) Define lipids. Classify simple lipid?
b) Write down biomedical importance of phospholipid.
6. a) What is dialysis? Write its importance in medical practice.
b) Classify & state the clinical importance of isotope.
 Biochemistry Paper : I 187

7. a) Enumerate the liver function tests.

b) Differentiate biochemically the different types ofjaundice.
8. Write Short notes on: a) Cardiac markers b) Principle of photometry
GROUP B

9. a) Mention the four major components of gastric juice with their functions.
b) State briefly protein digestion in GIT.
10. a) Define transamination and oxidative deamination with examples.
b) Write down the source of acetyl coA in our body.
11. a) Name the digestive juices with their pH values.
b) How does bile act as digestive juice?
12. a) Why is TCA cycle called common pathway?
b) What is anerobic glycolysis? Write down its importance.
13. a) Name the ketone bodies.

b) Write down the biosynthesis and uses of ketone bodies in body.

14. a) Draw & label the components of respiratory chain.
b) Name the inhibitors of respiratory chain.
15. a) Enumerate components of lipid profile with normal reference range.
b) Write in brief about HDL metabolism.
16. Write short notes on: a) Cori cycle b) Amino acid pool
First professional MBBS Examination of May & November,2020(held in Feb'2021)
Subject: Biochemistry, paper-I
GROUP-A

1. a) Define crystalloid & colloid with example

b) Mention the properties of colloids
2. a) Define enzyme, coenzyme and isoenzyme with examples.
b) Write down the IUBMB classification of enzymes with examples.
3. a) Define and classify monosaccharide with example.
b) Give the importance of glucose and fructose.
4. a) What do you mean by S.I. units? Classify them with examples.
b) Mention the biomedical importance of isotopes.
5. a) Define and draw a peptide bond.
b) Give the functional classification of proteins with examples.
6. a) Mention the biochemical renal function tests.
b) Name the tests for detection of abnormal constituents of urine.

7. a) Name the blood buffer systems with its chemical component.

b) Which blood buffer system is most potent and why? What is alkali reserve?
8. Write short notes no: i) pH scale ii) Laboratory biohazards
GROUP - B

9. a) Name the proteolytic enzymes of GIT with their site of origin.

b) How protein is digested and absorbed from GIT?
10. a) Name the dietary lipids with their end products of digestion.
b) Mention the role of bile in emulsification and micelle formation.
11. a) Name the metabolic pathways of carbohydrate.
b) Write down the importance of HMP shunt pathway.
12. a) What are the sources & fates ammonia in our body?
b) State the urea cycle in brief.
13. a) What is B-oxidation?Enumerate the steps of B-oxidation.
b) Show the net ATP generation from B-oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid.
14. a) Enumerate the lipoproteins with their site of origin.
b) Write in brief about LDL metabolism.
15. a) Enumerate the local hormones of GIT with functions of any two of them.
b) State the composition and functions of saliva.
16. Write shorts on : i) Glucostatic function of liver ii) TCA cycle.

First professional MBBS Examination of November, 2019

Subject: Biochemistry, paper - 1
GROUP-A

1. a) Define pH, pK and buffer. How does buffer act?

188
Biochemistry Paper : I

b) Why bicarbonate buffer system is very important in our body?

2. a) Define and classify polysaccharides with examples.
b) What are the types of GAGS? Give their functions.
3. a) Define and classify fatty acid with examples.
b) Write about eicosanoids.
4.
a) Write down the procedure of OGTT with its interpretation.
b) What is IFG & IGT?
5. a) Differentiate between crystalloid and colloid.
b) What is dialysis? Write its importance in medical practice.
6. a) Define enzyme, co-enzyme and cofactor with examples of each.
b) How does pH affect enzyme activity?
7. a) What is photometry? Mention the principle of colorimeter.
b) Write down the precautions to be taken during blood sample collection.
8. Write short notes no: i) Peptide bond ii) Lipid profiles
GROUP - B

9. a) Name the digestive juices with their pH values.

b) Name four major components of gastric juice with their functions.
10. a) What do you mean by emulsification of fat? What is micelle?
b) Briefly state the fat absorption in GIT.
11. a) Name the metabolic pathways occur in the mitochondria.
b) Show the glycolytic pathway in a flow chart.
12. a) Differentiate between hydrolatic and ecbolic secretions of pancreas.
b) Briefly discuss transamination and oxidative deamination with examples.
13. a) Enumerate the lipoproteins.
b) State the metabolism of HDL cholesterol.
14. a) Name the ketone bodies.

b) Write down the synthesis and utilization of ketone bodies in our body.
15. a) What is oxidative phosphorylation? Show the components, arrangements, site of ATP synthesis in the respi
ratory chain in a flow chart.
b) Write on carnitine shuttle mechanism.
16. Write shorts on: i) Amino acid pool ii) Liver function tests

First professional MBBS Examination of May, 2019

Subject: Biochemistry, paper - 1
GROUP-A
1. a) Define and classify blood buffers with examples.
b) Show the relationship between Henderson Hesselbalch Equaton (HHE) and buffers.
2. a) Define and classify monosaccharide with examples.
b) Mention biomedical imprtance of glucose and pentose.
3. a) What are the samples commonly analyzed in a clinical laboratory? What precaution to be taken during sam
ple collection?
b) What are the differences between serum & plasma?
4.
a) What do mean by plasma non-functional enzymes? Why are they used for diagnosis of disease?
b) Show the pattern of cardiac markers following myocardial infarction.
5. a) Define amino acid. Demonstrate peptide bond by a diagram.
b) Write down the functional classification of protein.
6. a) Define and classify lipid with examples.
b) Why phospholipid is important for us?
7. a) Define and classify isotope.
b) Mention 03 biomedical importances and 03 hazards of radioactive isotope.
8. Write short notes on i) Biohazard ii) Dialysis
GROUP - B
9. a) Enumerate the local hormones of GIT.
b) State the functions of gastrin and secretin.
10. a) Define and classify glycolysis.
b) State the irreversible steps in glycolysis. Write down the importance of anerobic glycolysis.
11. a) Name the proteolytic enzymes of GIT.
 Biochemistry Paper : I 189

b) State the functions of gastric HCI and intrinsic factor of Castle.

12. a) What is respiratory chain?
b) Show the components, arrangement and site of ATP production of respiratory chain in a flow chart.
13. a) The TCA cycle is an amphibolic pathway of metabolesm-explain.
b) Write about sources & fates of ammonia.
14. a) Name the end products of triacylglycerol & starch digestion.
b) Write about emulsification and micelle formation in GIT.
15. a) Define & classify lipoproteins. Give the origin of different types of lipoproteins.
b) Why LDL-C is bad for health?
16. Write short notes on : i) Transamination ii) ß oxidation of fatly acid

First professional MBBS Examination of November, 2018

Subject: Biochemistry, paper - 1
Group-A
1. a. Define pH and buffer. Name the buffer systems in our body with examples.
b. Write the basic mechanism of buffer action.
2.
a. Define enzymed and co - enzyme. Classify enzymes with examples.
b. Write the properties of enzymes. what is co- factor?
3.
a. Classify isotopes and mention the clinical use of isotopes.
b. Draw and level the basic parts of a photolectric colorimeter.
4.
a. Define and classify polysaccharides with examples.
b. Write the names and importance of GAGS.
5.
a. Enumerate the functional proteins with examples.
b. What is peptide bond and how it is formed?
6. a. What do you mean by lipid profile? Give it normal value.
b. Write the functions of cholesterol. What are the causes of hypercholesterolaemia?
7. a. What is proteinuria? Mention the causes of proteinuria?
b. Name the biochemical tests for assessment of renal function with their normal value.
8. a. Write short notes on: (i) Biological hazard. (ii) SI unit
2
Group - B
9. a. Enumerate the digestive juices with their pH.
b. Name the four major components of gastric juice and give their functions.
10. a. The TCA cycle is an amphibolic pathway of metabolism - explain.
b. Discuss the glucostatic function of liver.
11. a. Name the end products of carbohydrate, protein and lipid digestion.
b. State how the end products of fat digestion are absorbed from GTT.
12. a. Mention the irreversible steps of glycolysis.
b. Write the sources and fates of acetyl co - A.
13. a. Define transamination and deamination with examples.
b. Name the substrate and importance of gluconeogenesis.
14. a. What do you mean by IFG and IGT?
b. How ketosis is developed in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?
15. a. Discuss in short about local hormones of GIT.
b. What is lactose intolarance?
16. a. Write short notes on (i) Lipoprotein (ii) HMP shunt

First Professional MBBS Examination of May 2018

Subject: Biochemistry Paper- I
Group-A
1. a. Define PH, P and buffer. How buffer acts?
b. Classify blood buffer systems with their composition.
2. a. Name the samples used for biochemical analysis. What are the changes that may occur in blood sample in
delayed processing?
b. Mention the hazards that may occur in a clinical laboratory.
3.
a. Write down the IUBMB classification of enzymes with examples
b. State the role of PH and substrate concentration on enzyme activity.
4. a. Enumerate some important plasma colloids. State the differences between colloid and crystalloid.
b. What is dialysis?
5. a. Define and classify fatty acids with examples.
b. State the importance of phospholipids.
6.
a. What do mean by oxidative phosphorylation? Name the enzymes of biological oxidation.
b. Diagrammatically show the different components of ETC.
190 Biochemistry Paper : I

7. a. What is photometry? Write down the principle of colorimetry.

b. Define accuracy, precision, sensitivity and specificity.
8. Write short notes on : ) Isotopes ii) Renal function tests.

i
GROUP-B

9. a. Name the proteolytic enzymes of GIT tract.

b. How protein is digested and absorbed from GIT?
10. a. What is intermediary metabolism?
b. How normal blood glucose is maintained?
11. a. Enumerate the lipoproteins.
b. State the metabolism of HDL-cholesterol.
12. a. Name the metabolic pathways occurring in cytosol.
b. How pyruvate and lactate are formed from glucose?
13. a What is Bß- oxidation of fatty acid?
b. Describe the carnitine shuttle mechanism with figure.
14. a. How ammonia is formed and transported in the body?
b. Diagrammatically show the reactions of urea cycle.
15. a. Name the ketone bodies. What is ketosis?
b. Write down the synthesis and utilization of ketone bodies
16. Write short notes on: ) Local hormones ii) Lipid profile
i

First professional Examination of November-2017

Subject: Biochemistry Paper - (I)
Group -A
1. a. Define and classify buffer. How buffer acts.
b. Why HCO3 buffer is called most important buffer.
2. a. Define molar solution,molal solution, normal solution and normal saline.
b. Give the properties of colloid.
3. a. Define and classify polysaccharides with example
b. Enumerate the names and give the importance of GAGs
4. a. Define enzyme and isoenzyme with example.
b. Briefly discuss the factors affecting enzyme action.
5. a. What is OGTT? Write down the procedure of OGTT.
b. Interpret the result of OGTT. What is HbA1C?
6. a. What do you mean by lipid profile? Give its normal value.
b. State the role of cholesterol in health and disease.
7. a. Enumerate the functional protein with example.
b. What are the four levels of organization in a protein.
8. Write short notes on :a. Liver function tests b. Ecosanoids

Group -B
9. a. Name the digestive juices with their pH range
b. Give the functions of four major component of gastric juices
10. a. How fat is digested and adsorbed in the body.
b. What is enterohepatic circulation of bile acid.
11. a. Name the catabolic pathway of Carbohydrate metabolism.
b. Give the importance of HMP shunt pathway.
12. a. What is gluconeogenesis? Name the substrates of it and mention its importance.
b. Write notes on : Cori cycle
13. a. Name the ketone bodies. How they are synthesized.
b. Why ketosis is developed in diabetes mallitus
14. a. Define trans amination with example.
b. briefly describe amino acid pool.
15. a. Define beta oxidation. Show the ATP's generation of an 18 carbon fatty acid oxidation
b. What is oxidative phosphorylation? Name the inhibitors of ETC.
16. Write short notes on :a. Common metabolic pathway. b. Lipoproteins.

First professional Examination May-2017

Subject: Biochemistry Paper - I
Group A
1. a. Define pH and buffer. Deduce Henderson Hasselbalch equation
b. Why bicarbonates buffer system is called most important to maintain blood pH?
2.
a. Define and classify carbohydrate.
b. Give the biomedical importance of glucose and ribose.
3. a. Write down the normal reference value of lipid profile.
 Biochemistry Paper : I 191

b. Mention the functions of phospholipids,

4. a. Define protein and polypeptide. How peptide bond is formed?
b. What is proteinuria? How urinary protein is tested in bed side?
5. a. Write on non functional plasma enzyme with its example of each.
b. Write on non functional plasma enzyme with its example and importance
6. a. Differentiate colloid and crystalloid.
b. Classify Fatty acid. Give the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acid.
7. a. What is photometry? Mention the principle of colorimeter.
b. Name the tests which are done to assess renal function with their normal value.

8. Write short notes on:a. predicaments b. Thyroid function test.

GROUP-B

9. a. TCA Cycle is regarded an amphibiotic and amphibolic pathway of metabolism-explain.

b. Define gluconeogenesis. Give its importance.
10. a. Name the photolytic enzyme of GIT. How amino acid is absorbed?
b. Write on glucostatic function of liver
11. a. How many ATPs are generated from Idol of glucose in aerobic condition? Show in tabulated form.
b. Mention the importance of anaerobic glycolysis
12. a. Give the sources and fates of ammonia. what is ammonia motivation.
b. What are the requirements for urea formation? Write the diagram of urea genesis.
13. a. Define and classify lipoprotein. Give the origin of different types of lipoproteins
b. Give the metabolism of LDL and its adverse effect on health.
14. a. Name the local hormone for GIT with their functions.
b. Write on Emulsification and micelles
15. a. Define ß-oxidations of fatty acid. Show the flow chart of 18-C fatty acid oxidation.
b. Write on Carnitine shuttle mechanism
16. Write short notes a. Respiratory chain. b.Biological hazards.
1st Professional MBBS Examination of November, 2016
Subject: Biochemistry Paper I Short Answer Questions (SAQ)
Group-A
1.
a. Define and classify buffer system.
b. State the mechanism of action of buffer system.
2. a. Define enzyme, coenzyme and isoenzyme.
b. Mention the effect of pH and temperature on enzyme action.
3. a. Define and classify polysaccharides with example.
b. What are the types of GAGs? Give their functions.
4. a. Define and classify fatty acids.
b. Write about eicosanoids.
5. a. Classify proteins according to function.
b. Briefly describe the orders of protein structure.
6. a. Mention the changes that occur in blood sample in prolonged standing.
b. Name the liver function tests with their utility.
7. a. Define and classify isotopes with example.
b. Give the importance of isotopes.
8. Write short notes on: a) HbAlc b) Normal solution and normal saline
GROUP-B

9. a. Name the four major components of gastric juice with their function,
b. State the role of bile in fat digestion and fat absorption.
10. a. Name the Ketone bodies. How they are synthesized?
b. Ketosis is a fate of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus-Explain.
11. a. Enumerate the lipoproteins. State the metabolism of HDL cholesterol,
b. Draw and label an ideal lipoprotein structure.
12. a. Define glycolysis. Show the glycolytic pathways by schematics diagram,
b. Enumerate the metabolic pathways that occur in mitochondria.
13. a. What are the sources and fates of acetyl co-A.
b. Which pathway is called common metabolic pathway and why?
14. a. Define transamination and deamination with example,
b. Briefly describe amino acid pool.
15. a. Give the laboratory findings of different types ofjaundice,
b. Write on hormonal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
16. Write short notes on: a) SI unit b) Succus entericus.
192
Biochemistry Paper : I

May 2016: BIOCHEMISTRY (PAPER-I)

Group-A
1. a. Define pH, pK and buffer.
b. Average blood pH is 7.4; establish the fact by using H-H equation.
2.
a. Give the IUB classification of enzyme with example of each.
b. What do you mean by non functional plasma enzyme? Mention its importance.
3. a. State the protocol to assess the renal function biochemically,
b. Give the principle of Photometry.
4. a. Define and classify monosaccharide with example of each,
b. Give the biochemical importance of glucose and pentose.
5. a. Write down the procedure of OGTT. Interpret the results of it.
b. Differentiate colloid and crystalloid. What is dialysis?
6. a. Describe the peptide bond with figure.
b. Write on denaturation of protein.
7. a. Define and classify lipids with example of each.
b. Give the normal value of lipid profile. What is dyslipidaemia?
8. Write short notes on: a. Laboratory hazards b. Gluconeogenesis
Group-B
9. a. Name the digestive juices with their pH.
b. Briefly describe carbohydrate digestion. How glucose is absorbed in the GIT?
10. a. The TCA cycle is an amphibolic pathway of metabolism -explain,
b. Write down about the sources and fates of ammonia.

11. a. Name the high energy phosphate compound. How ATP is generated in the ETC?
b. Discuss the glucostatic functions of liver.
12. a. Define beta-oxidation of fatty acid. What is carnitine shuttle?
13. b. How many ATPs are generated from complete oxidation of 18-C fatty acid?
14. a. What is HMP shunt pathway? Mention its importance.
b. State the role of anaerobic glycolysis and con cycle in metabolism.
15. a. Describe the mechanical functions of saliva.
b. Enumerate the local hormone of GIT with their function.

16. Write short notes on: a. Thyroid function tests b. Ketosis

First Professional MBBS Examination; November-2015
Subj: Biochemistry : Paper-I
Group-A
1. a. Define enzyme, coenzyme and isoenzyme
b. Give two example of isoenzyme with their clinical importance.
2. a. Define and classify buffer.
b. Bicarbonate buffer system is most important -explain.
3.
a. Classify protein according to briefly.
b. State liver function tests briefly.
4.
a. Define and classify isotope.
b. Give the importance of isotope in medicine.
5. a. State the laboratory diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
b. What are IFG, IGT and HbA₁C?
6.
a. Differentiate between crystalloid and colloid.
b. What is dialysis? Write its importance in medical practice.
7.
a. Define and classify polysaccharides with example.
b. Write down the importance of glycosaminoglycans
8. Write short notes on: a) Cardiac enzymes b) Eicosanoids
Group-B
9. a. Name the products of triacylglycerol and starch digestion.
b. State how the products of fat digestion are absorbed from GIT.
10. a. Name the four major important components of gastric juice.
b. Give the functions of each.
11. a. State the irreversible steps in glycolysis.
b. Write down the sources and fate of acetyl Co-A
12. a. Name the lipoproteins. Draw and label a structures of lipoprotein.
b. Write down the functions of HDL.

13. a. Define glycogenesis and glycogenolysis.

b. Mention the factors regulating glycogen metabolism.
 Biochemistry Paper : I 193

14. a. Define transamination. Give two examples.

b. State the importance of transamination
15. a. Name the ketone bodies.
b. Write down the synthesis and utilization of ketone-bodies.
16. Write short note on: a) urea cycle, b) Proteolytic enzyme in GIT
First Professional MBBS Examination; May-2015
Subj: Biochemistry : Paper-I
Group A
1. a. Define p¹ and buffer. Name the blood buffers with chemical structure.
b. The blood pH is 7.4-establish it by applying H-H equation.
2. a. Classify carbohydrate with example.
b. Give the biomedical importance of glucose and fructose,
3. a. Classify enzyme according to 1UB with example.
b. Mention the effect of pH, temperature and substrate concentration on enzyme action.
4. a. Define peptide bond with figure.
b. Write on denaturation of protein,
5. a. Define and classify fatty acid.
b. State the functions of phospholipids.
6. a. Interpret the result of OGTT.
b. What is dyslipidaemia? Give the normal value of lipid profile.
7. a. Differentiate colloids and crystalloids by their physical and chemical properties.
b. How hemolysis is prevented in clinical lab during blood collection and processing?
8. Write short notes on: a) S. I unit OKidney function test.
GROUP-B

9.
a. Name the digestive juice with their pH.
b. Write on carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption.
10. a. TCA cycle is amphibolic - explain.
b. Write on energetic of one mole glucose oxidation in tabulated form.
11 a. Give the thyroid hormone status in hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and euthyroidism
b. Why HDL-C and LDL-C called good and bad cholesterol respectively?
12. a. What is ketosis? Give its causes.
b. How ketosis is developed in uncontrolled in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?
13. a. Briefly describe amino acid pool.
b. What are the sources and disposal ways of ammonia?
14. a. Give the importance of HMP shunt pathway.
b. State the glucostatic function of liver.
15. a. What is ß-oxidation of fatty acid?
b. Describe the carnitine shuttle mechanism with figure.
16. Write short notes on : a) Respiratory chain, b) Non functional plasma enzyme
194 Biochemistry Paper : I

UNIVERSITY QUESTION (MCQ)

University of Dhaka
Multiple Choice Question (MCQ)
Full Marks - 20 Time: 30 minutes
All question carry equal marks
Fill up the "T" circle for True & "F" circle for False in the OMR sheet provided.
First Professional MBBS Examination May T b. estrogen
&November, 2021(held in January 22) T c.aldosterone

Subject: Biochemistry; paper - I T d.cortisol

STOLTESTEF
1. Crystalloids F e.ACTH
Т a.are smaller than colloi f 11. Abnormal constituents of urine are
b.exert less osmotic pressure than colloids Т a. bile salt
c show Tyndall phenomenon b. sodium

Т d.can form true solution c. creatinine

e. show Brownian movement T d.glucose
2.

Coenzymes are Т e.ketone bodies

a. organic substance 12. HMP pathway

STEFNMLOIÖar
b. heat labile Т a. is an alternate pathway of glycolysis
c. protein in nature Fb.produces pyruvate or lactate
TTAFF
d. of high molecular weight substance c.produces ATP
e. usually derivatives of vitamin- B-complex Т d.also called pentose phosphate pathway
Buffers are Т e. produces ríbose sugar
a. mixture of two weak acids 13. pH is
FETTТI

b. mixture of strong acid with its conjugate ase a.directly proportional to [H+]
c mixture of weak acid with its conjugate base T b.important for internal homeostasis;
d important for maintaining water balance T c.increased in acidosis
e important for maintaining acid base balance Т d.measured by pH scale
4.

Cholesterol is the precursor of e.necessary to measure acid or base

a. bile acid 14. Benedict's test in urine is positive due to the
T

DETE

b. vitamin-D presence of
c. bile pigment F a. ascorbic acid
d. eicosanoids F b. bile salt
e. steroid hormone Т c. glucose
5.

F RTE --------

Metabolic fates of pyruvates are d. ketone bodies

a. conversion to acetyl-Co A F e. protein
b. ketone body formation 15. Transport protein includes
c. synthesis of amino acid Т a. a-feto protein
d. glucose synthesis F b. ferritin
e. synthesis of ammonia Т c. haptoglobin
6. Chylomicron Т d. transferrin
a. contains apoB 100 F e. microglobulin
16.

b. transports endogenous glycerol Isotopes are

c. is the most dense lipoprotein Т a. atoms of same elements
d. is synthesized in enterocyte Т b. compounds having same number of protons
e. contains mainly dietary lipid F c. compounds having same number of neutrons
7. Insulin F d. of same atomic weight
a. is a steroid hormone F e. always stable in nature
17.

b. stimulates lipogenesis in adipocyte ADH deficiency causes

SKLED
c. stimulates K+ influx into cell F a. hypervolemia
d. inhibits ketogenesis F b. urinary hyperosomnolarity
e. promotes glycogenolysis c. dieresis
8. Lipid profile includes F d. diabetes mellitus
a. serum total cholesterol
SPELTTATTFFF

e. increased thirst
b. serum phosphoipid 18. Followings are the basic SI units
c. serum IDL-cholesterol a. meter for length
Т d. serum LDL-cholesterol
b. Fahrenheit for temperature
Т e. serum triacylglycerol c. mole for mass
9. Substrates for gluconeogenesis are d. mole for amount
F a. fatty acid e. ampere for electric current
T
b. pyruvate 19. Tests for assessing synthetic functions of liver are
T c. glycerol a. prothrombin time
F d. acetic acid T b. serum albumin
T e. lactate c. serum CK-MB
Hormones released from adrenal
10. are cortex d. serum oilirubin
T a. testosterone e. serum creatinine
 Biochemistry Paper : I 195

20. Monosaccharides are T c) CK-MB

T a. glucose T d) troponin
F b. lactose 11. Metabolic pathways that occur in cytosol are
T c. ribose F a) TCA cycle
F d.celiulose T b) glycolysis
e.xylose c) fatty acid synthesis
T
First Professional MBBS Examination May, F d) initial step of urea cycle
2021(held in October 21) e) HMP shunt
T
Subject: Biochemistry; paper-I 12. Laboratory biohazards may result from
1. pH is
T a) accidental needle pricking

= FFEREFfee
Ta) negative logarithm of [H]
T b) high in alkalosis b) faulty electricity cold
c) expired chemical reagents
T c) determinant of body acid concentration
T d) contaminated specimen
T d) important for enzyme activity to
Fe) high in renal failure.
T e) contaminated instrument
2. Buffer is a mixture of 13. The anaerobic glycolysis occurs in 4
T a) RBC
F a) strong acid and weak base
T b) retina
T b) weak acid and its strong conjugate base T c) cardiac muscle
F c) weak acid and its weak conjugate base T d) skeletal muscle
F d) strong base and its weak conjugate acid T e) neuron
Fe) weak base and its strong conjugate acid
;

3. Non-essential amino acids are

14. In pre-hepatic jaundice, there are 0.8 marked
rise in
T a) glycine
F b) valine a) serum acid phosphate
F c) leucine
b) serum ALT

PARFTE S
F c) serum AST
d) arginine
T e) glutamate
d) serum conjugated bilirubin
e) serum unconjugated bilirubin
4. ATP yielding molecules are
F a) vitamin C 15. Digestion of meals by succus entericus
Т a) fructose
T

F b) zinc
T b) glucose
c) glucose
c) maltose
T d) oleic acid
d) lactose
Te) glutamate
Te) amino acid
5. S.I. basic units are
16.

Action of insulin on glucose utilization is op

Ta) kilogram
posed by
F b) gram
Fc) kilometer Ta) norepinephrine
T b) epinephrine
T d) meter bort

F
c) ACTH
Te) mole
d) ADH
6. Isotopes differ in
T e) glucagon
F a) proton number 17. Sources of acetyl Co-A are
F b) electron number a) oxaloacetate
T c) neutron number
T b) fatty acido
F d) atomic number T c) acetoacetate
T e) atomic weight T d) pyruvate 2
7. Polymers of glucose are e) propanilonyl CoA
T a. starch
T
18. BMR increases in
b. dextrin
T
T a) fever
c. dextran
T d. cellulose
T b) cold temperature
F F c) hypothroidism
e. inulin
T d) infant
8. Cholesterol rich lipoproteins are
T a) HDL -ES
F

19.
e) old age
Prolonged standing of whole blood may cause
T b) LDL increased
Fc) VLDL Т a) hemolysis
F d) chylomicrons F b) blood glucose

TE TÅLE
Fe) IDL Т c) serum K+ levels
Peptide bonds are broken by cotta. d) serum LDH
T

F a) handling e) pH
Fb) normal heating
20.

F Ketone bodies are

c) prolonged exposure to strong aciddi a) acetic acid
T d) hydrolysis T b) acetoacetic acid
Te) elastase F
c) a-hydroxybuteric acid
10. Serum cardiac markers in AMI are:
F
F d) acetyl COA
a) CRP
T e) acetone
T b) LDH
196 Biochemistry Paper : I

First Professional MBBS Examination May T a. pyruvate

T b. glycerol
&Novemyer, 2020(held in Feb'21) T c. lactate F d. acetyl COA

Subject: Biochemistry; paper-I T e. a-keto acids of glucogenic amino acids

1. pH is 14. Sources of acetyl Co-A are
T b. fatty acid
a. negative logarithm of [H+] T a. pyruvate
d. oxaloacetate

LTF
c. acetoacetate T
b. high in acidosis T

c. determinant of acid/base concentration

F e. malonyl CoA
d. important for enzyme activity 15. Digestion of starch by amylase yields
F a. fructose F b. glucose
e. determinant of pK value of a solution

-
T c. maltose T d. maltriose
2. High energy compounds are T e. a-limit dextrin
a. ATP T b. ADP
F d. GMP
16. Thyroid hormone secretion may rise by
c. AMP T a. TSH F b. heat
. substances having standard free energy T c. cold T d. depression
of hydrolysis approximately-7300 cal/mol
MELLJ

T e. norepinephrine
Essential amino acids are 17. Chemical parameters for urinalysis are:
a. Leucine T b. Valine F a. specific gravity of urine
c. Glycine T d. Methionine T b. pH of urine
e. Glutamine T c. presence of reducing substances
4E

Peptide bonds are not broken by d. osmolarity of urine

. PODĽr

F
a. Handling T e. acetone in urine
b. normal heating 18. The "counterregulatory" hormones of carbohy

----Т-
drate metabolism are
c. high concentration of urea
F a. insulin T b. epinephrine
d. prolonged exposure to strong acid
Т c. ACTH F d. cortisol
e. elastase
5t

F e. growth hormone
. elö

Triglyceride rich lipoproteins are

a. Chylomicrons 19. Prolonged standing of whole blood may cause increased
b. LDL T c. VLDL a. hemolysis F b. blood glucose
Т c. serum K level T d. serum LDH
d. HDL T e. IDL
6t

Examples of standard solutions include

Т e. serum CI level
. eteerete

a. molar solution 20. In obstructive jaundice, there are marked rise in

ÅELT E
b. saline water
Т a. serum alkaline phosphate
F b. serum AST
c. normal solution
d. colloidal solution
Т c. serum gamma gluteryltransferase
e. molal solution
Т d. serum conjugated bilirubin
F e. urinary urobilirogen.
7.

Cellulose
First prof. MBBS Exam. of November, 2019
a. is a long chain oligosaccharide
b. is not digested in human Subject: Biochemistry; paper - I'
1.

c. contains a-D glucose pH value of

- Fött -heG

a. saliva: 7.2-7.4
d. is capable to produce energy
e. is a highly branched carbohydrate b. urine: average 6.0

LTFNME
Metabolic pathways that occur in mitochondria are c. pancreatic juice : 5.5-6.5
a. oxidative deamination d. blood: 7.35-7.45
b. TCA cycle e. water: 1.0-3.5
2.

c. oxidation Examples of standard solution include

d. initial step of urea cycle a. molar solution
e. HMP shunt
9.

b. 10% glucose solution

Biomarkers that appear early in acute myocar c. normal solution
HERÅKEEEE

dial infarction are: d. colloidal solution

a. AST T b. LDH e. saline water
c. CCK-MB T d. troponin I 3. Isotopes are
e. myoglobin Τ a. atoms of same elements
10.

Essential fatty acids b. compound having same number of proton

a. are mono- unsaturated fatty acids c. compound having same number of neutron
b. when oxidized may result in rancidification d. of same atomic weight
c. are also constituents of the cell membrane e. used in treatment of diseases
d. are present in vegetable oils 4.
Essential fatty acids
e. have higher melting temperature Tm
=HØREES1K

T a. must be supplied in diet

11. Regulatory enzymes of glycolysis are
a. hexokinase
F b. can be synthesized hi the body
c. undergo ß- oxidation
b. enolase
d. are found in plant oils
c. glucose 6-phosphotase

TFS C
e. increases blood cholesterol
d. phosphofructokinase. 5. Storage protein includes
e. pyruvate kinase
a. haemoglobin
Enzymes
2. ÉLtem

b. albumin
a. bring substrates in close proximity
c. transferrin
b. align substrates in proper orientation
d. ferritin
c. are not reusable at the end of reaction
e. myoglobin
d. release products when reactions are done
6. Isoenzymes
e. increase the free energy of activation for reaction
13. The most important gluconeogenic precursors are a. are physically
 197
Biochemistry Paper : I

T b. perform different catalytic activities F b. has presence ofprotein > 150 mg/day in urine
c. have mobility on electrophoresis T c. is causes by malnutrition
d. are present in serum F d. is detected by Benedict's test
F

e. are not measured T e. is detected by heat coagulation test

Biological laboratory hazard may be caused by
1.

Urea cycle 19.

Т a. AIDS
F a. generates ATP

ATES
. utilizes carbon-di-oxide Т b. viral hepatitis
F c. bronchial asthma
c. occurs in all cells F d. obstructive jaundice
. utilizes ammonia
e. Ebola virus disease
F e. requires fumerate Т
20. Gastrin
8. Phosphate buffer system F a. is secreted by oxyntic cells
a. is more active in ECF than ICF
T b. is stronger than bicarbonate buffer Τ b. is secreted by pyloric gland
Tc. has pK closer to blood pH
F c. secrtetion is reduced by amino acid
TdFe

. has ratio of base to cid 4:1 Т d. stimulated pepsin secretion

. has ratio of base to acid 20:12 F e. has tropic action
First prof. MBBS Exam. of May, 2019
9.

Glycogen is
T a. a homopolysaccharides Subject: Biochemistry; paper-I

1.
T b. colloid in nature The major biomoleculed of cells are
F c. derived from plant sources a. amino acids
T d. a major source of energy b. glycogen
F e. found in muscle cells. c. nucleic acid
Τ
10. Normal serum values of
d. protein
T a. total protein: 6-8 gm/dl

HTFNESY6
e. triacylglycerol
T b. albumin: 2.4-3.7 g/dl
2.

F c. bilirubin: 3.6-5.1 g/dl

According toPscale
F d. prothrombin time 12-14 sec a. any pH above 7.0 is acidic
T e. sodium 135-145 mg/dl Т b. for unit change ] changed 10 times inversely
OH
H
11. In the stomach Τ
C.PH and are inversily related
F a. pH value is around 6-7 d. P + p is always zero
T
F
b. pepsinogen is converted to pepsin by HCL
c. ferric iron is reduced to ferrous form
e. p¹ zero means solution contains no H*
H
3.

Ribose sugar is
F

I d. gastrin stimulates acid secretion.

e. protein is completely broken down a. a non reducing sugar
12.

Ketone

bodies

b. synthesized in the body

Т

Fa. are formed in kidney c. found with phosphate

T b. are soluble in aqueous solution d. a part of glycosaminoglycans
F c. are alkaline in nature e. dervied from hmp shunt
4.

I d. are all not utilized by the body

T e. can cross blood brain barrier Lipoproteins are fromed by
13. HMP pathway is active in a. triacylglycerol
T a. liver b. free fatty acid
F b. adipose tissues c. mucoprotin
F c. platelets d. silplolipid
T d. non lactating mammary gland e. plospholipid
F e. skeletal muscles
14. Cholesterol is
5. Eicosanoids have following functions
a. acts like hormone
F a. a compound lipid
I b. present in body as cholesterol ester b. prostaglandin rises blood pressure
Tc. eliminated from the body as bile salt c. thromboxane A2 promotes plate aggregation
F d. a precursor of vitamin A d. prostacylis stimulates vasoconstriction
T e. a sterol e. leukotricne increases vascular permeability
6.

15. Lipoproteins are formed by Following substances are synthesized from ace
T a. teiacylglycerol tyl co A
F b. glycolipíd
T c. phospholipids a. acetoacertic acid
F d. free fatty acids b. fatty acid
F
e. conjugated protein c. lactic acid

TFREB
16. Poly unsaturated fatty acids include d. aminoacid
T a. linoleic acid e. cholesterol
F b. linoleic acid
F c. oleic acid 7. Mucopopysaccharides
TF d. palmutic acid a. are homopohysaccharides
e. ketoacid b. have no ability to bind water
17. Glycosaminoglycans c. have lubricating properties
Fa. are homo polysaccharides d. are negatively charged
F b. linoleic acid e. are source of fuel in the body
Tc. are complex carbohydrate
d. contain aminosugar and uronic acid 8. Respiratory chain
T e. act as lubricants a. is inhibited by Co₂
18. Proteinuria b. contains riboflavin derivatives
F
a. is always pathological
198
Biochemistry Paper:
F c. is the only machinery for ATP production T e. act as group transfer agent
d. carries electron
T
19. Prolonged standing of whole blood after collec
F e. is inhibited by exalates
tion may cause
9. Denaturation of the protein T a. decrease blood glucose level
F a. means bisruption of the pepitde bond T b. increase serum K+ level
F b. causes loss of primary structure F c. increase blood pH
T c. is a reversible process T d. decrease nonfunctional plasma enzyme
T d. causes loss of biological activity T e. decrease carbon dioxide
T e. causes unfkolding of polypeptide chain. 20. LDL cholesterol is

10. Pentose phosphate pathway is F a. synthesized from chylomicron

F a. a mitochondrial pathway T b. a market of atherosclerotic risk
T b. occurring in cytoplasm T c. a triglyceride rich lipoprotein
F c. required for synthesis of steroid T d. derived from VLDL.

T d. required for nucleic acid formation F e. a carrier of cholesterol from periphery to liver
F e. active in non lactating mammary gland First prof. MBBS Exam. of November, 2018
11. Transamination Subject: Biochemistry; paper - I
T a. is a reversible process 1. Call membrane contains
Т b. is restricted to L-amino acid
a. triacyleglycerol F
c. requires for funneling of glutamate b. phospholipid T

-TEN AF
Т d. needs vitamin pyridoxine c. glycolipid T
e. is a non enzymatic process d. lipoprotein F
12. Cholesterol is the precursor of e. glycogen F
Т a. eicosanoids
2. Common crystalloids of plasma are
Т b. testosterone
a. glucose F
c. thyrois hormone b. amino acid F
Т d. calcitriol
c. Fibrinogen T
e. calctionin d. sodium F
13. Normal constituents of urine include
e. triacylglycerol T
a. glucose 3. Enzymes
b. urea
a. are protein in nature T
c. ketone bodies
b. are readily dialyzable F
T d. creatinine
c. are highly specific in action T
T e. sodium
d. can initiate chemical reaction F
14. Hyperlipidemia occurs in case of e, show maximum activity at optimum ph T
F a. hyperthyroudism
4. p of a solution
F b. hyperparathyroudism a. is the measure of its H* activity T
T c. obesity
b. bears direct relationship with [OH] F
T d. hypothyroidism
T e. diabetes mellitus
c. can be determined by law of mass action T

d. can not indicate [OH] F

15. The followings are intermediate of TCA cycle e. can be determined by p¹ meter T
F a. pyruvate
F b. oxaloacetate
5. Triacylglycerol rich lipoproteins are
F c. oxalosuccinate
a. very low density lipoprotein T

F d. fumerate
b. low density lipoprotein F

c. lipoprotein a F
T e. acetyl COA
16. Synthetic function of liver includes
d. high density lipoprotein F

e. chylomicrons T
T a. prothrombin time
6. Glycogen is
F b. serum LDH
T
a. a polymer of glucose T
c. serum albumin
b. highly branched T
F d. serum bilirubin
F e. serum globulin
c. a stored cared carbohydrate T

d. present in plants F
17. The absorption of glucose in GIT
e. present in liver & kidney F
F
a. is totally regullated by hormone 7. Eicosanoids are
T
b. is an energy dependent process a. synthesized in liver F
T c. is impaired in diabetes mellitus
T
b. synthesized from arachidonic acid T
d. occurs against concentration gradient
T
e. starts from lower part of stomach
c. synthesized from phospholipid
d. prostaglandins
18. Co-enzymes e. thromboxanes T
T a. are inorganic molecules
T
8. Osmolarity of plasma is calculated by
b. are essential for all enzymes a. plasma sodium conc. T
F
c. combine with apoenzyme to form holoenzyme b. plasma potassium conc. T
T d. are derived from water soluble vitamin.
c. plasma calcium conc. F
 199
Biochemistry Paper : I

d. plasma urea conc. F d. has no role in fatty acid synthesis F

e. plasma glucose conc. T e. is synthesized in the mitochondria F

9. Essential fatty acid are 19. Anabolic function of TCA cycle includes synthe
sis of
a. polyunsaturated fatty acids T
T
b. synthesized in the body F a. haem
F
b. lactate
c. cholesterol lowering agents T
c. ketone bodies T
d. present in call membrane T
d.amino acid
e. present in hilsa fish T
e. cholesterol T
10. Denaturation of protein
20. In hemolytic jaundice
a. is caused by heat T
a. serum bilirubin is raised T
b. losses its primary structure F
b. raised bilirubin is predominantly conjugated F
c. preserves its biological action F
c. serum ALT remains normal T
d. occurs during cooking T
d. stool contains large amount of stercobilinogen T
e. losses its quaternary structure T
11. Regarding digestive enzyme
e. urobilinogen is not found in urine F

First Prof. MBBS Exam. of May 2018

a. all are hydrolases T
Subject: Biochemistry Paper
b. pepsin is a precursor of pepsinogen F

c. di- saccharidases are present in pancreatic juice F 1. Denaturation of protein is characterized by

d. trypsin acts well in alkaline media T
a. hydrolysis of peptide bond F

b. loss of function
e.intrinsic factor of Castle is present in saliva F
c. loss of secondary structure.
12. the common laboratory findings is primary hypo d. reversibility
thyroidism e. involvement of enzymes
a. TSH increased T
2. Urea synthesis requires
b. free T4 decreased T F
a. alanine
c. free T3 - increased F b. ammonia
d. serum cholesterol decreased F
C. CO₂
e. BMR increased F
d. aspartate
13. Cholesterol F
e. arginine
a. is a derived lipid T 3. Metabolle fuels for human body are
b. is precursor of calcitriol T a. glucose
c. is excreted through bile T b. cholesterol
d. acts as precursor of fatty acid synthesis F c. ketone bodies
e. is not needed in diet F d. fatty acids
F
14. Hepatocellular damage causes increased serum e. phspholipids
level of 4. Chylomicron
a. albumin F a. is synthesized in liver F

T
b. CK-MB F b. contains apo B-48
T
c. urea F c. transport exogenous triacylglycerol
F
d. ALT T d. is phospholipid rich
e. is the most dense lipoprotein F
e. bilirubin T
5. Pentose phosphate pathway is important in
15. Ammonia is removed from the body by a. red blood cells T
a. urea formation b. lactating mammary gland T

TF E
b. uric acid formation F
c. skeletal muscle
c. creatinine formation T
d. gonads
d. glutamine formation e. cardiac muscle F

e. NH4cl formation 6. Benedict's test in urine is positive due to pres

16. Beta oxidation of fatly acid ence of
F a. glucose T
a. occurs in the cytoplasm
T b. bile salt F
b. produces acetyl co - A
F
c. ascorbic acid F
c. is not related to energy production d. ketone bodies
F
d. is decreased during prolonged starvation e. salicylates
e. is inhibited by the hormone insulin T
7. among the carbohydrates.
17. Ammonia intoxication
a. glucose is an aldohexose T
a. is life threatening condition T
b. cellulose is a polymer of glucose T
b. occurs in liver failure T
"
c. fructose is a non-reducing sugar T
F
c. occurs in renal failure d. inulin is a homopolysaccharide T

d. is toxic to the peripheral nervous system F e. lactose cannot be digested in human F

e. is common in dehydration F 8. Bicarbonate buffer system

18. NADPH a. is present only in ECF F
b. have a pk value of 6.1 T
a. maintains reduced glutathione inside erythrocyte T
b. production is prevented in G6PD deficiency T c. consists of HCO3 and H₂ CO3 in a ratio of 20:1 T
T d. have the advantage of adjusting both acid and
c. generation is an aerobic pathway base component T
200 Biochemistry Paper : I

e. have a capacity of 20% of total buffering capac e. allows the resynthesis of glucose from lactate T
ity of human body F 19. NADPH is
9. Delayed biochemical analysis of whole blood a. derived mainly from HMP shunt T
causes
b. required in fatty cid synthesis T
a. decreased blood glucose T
b. increased serum potassium T
c. user for the synthesis of ketone bodies F

d. taken by the respiratory chain for ATP produc

C. decreased non functional plasma enzymes F
tion F
d. increased PCO₂ F
e. required for bile acid synthesis F
e. increased pH F

10. Cell membrane contains 20. Metabolic pathways occuring in mitochondria

a. citric acid cycle T
a. triacylglycerol T
b. transamination F
b. phospholipid T
T c. B-oxidation
c. giycolipid
T d. fatty acid synthesis F
d. cholesterol
e. HMP short F
F
e.glycogen
p" of a solution First professional examination of May-2017
11. a. is a measure of H* activity of the solution Subject: Biochemistry paper-I

TFT
b. bears direct relation with H* concentration 1. The followings are heteropolysaccharide:
a. Inulin F
c. can be determined by HHE
b. Heparin T
d. does no indicate OH concentration
c. Dextrin F
e. can be determined by pH meter
d. Hyaluronic acid T
12. Examples of standard solutions include e. Cellulose F
a. 3.8% sodium citrate solution T
2. Neutral fats are:
b. saline water F
a. Heavier than water T
c. molar solution T
b. Components of biomembranes T
d. normal solution T
c. Major fats in adipose tissue T
e. colloidal solution F
d. Composed of fatty acid & glycerol F
13. The absorption of glucose in the digestive tract e. Oxidized to give energy T
a. occurs in the large intestine F
3. primary structure of protein is broken by:
b. is an energy requiring process T
a. Heat Ammonium sulfate F

c. is stimulated by the hormone glucagon F

b. pepsin F
d. occurs more rapidly than other monosaccharides T c. pepsin
e. is not impaired in diabetes mellitus F d. High pH F

14. Enzyme inhibition e. Elastase T

a. is always reversible F 4. The enzyme:

b. can be allosteric T a. Reduces the energy of activation T

c. may be overcome by increased enzyme concen b. Increases total energy of substrate T

tration c. Increases the equilibrium constant F

d. involves formation of covalent bond d. Increases the total energy of product F

e. hormone is not involved F e. Has specific Km value T

5. At isoelectric pH, the amino acid and protein show:

15. Prostaglandins
a. are derivatives of 20 carbon fatty acid T a. Maximum net charge F

b. Maximum mobility in electric field F

b. have local hormone like T

c. have a very long half life F

c. Maximum precipitability
d. Minimum buffering action
d. are synthesizes only in the liver F
e. No migration in electric field
e. have a common precursor arachidonic acid T
6. Non functional plasma enzymes include:
16. The anti-ketogenic substances are F
a. Lipoprotein lipase
a. all the fatty acids b. pancreatic amylase
b. all the carbohydrates c. psuedocholinestrase
c. glucogenic aminoacids T d. Lactate dehydrogenase
d. glycerol part of fat e. proenzymes of blood coagulation
7. Bile:
e. lysine and leucine
17. Normal serum level of
a. Contains digestive enzyme
a. cholesterol 2.8-8.3 mmol/L
b. bilirubin 1. 5- 10.5 miromol/L
c. glucose 3. 6-6.1 mmol/L
T

F
b. Contains unconjugated bilirubin
c. Salts make soluble cholesterol
d. pigments does not contain iron
e. Is needed to excrete bilirubin
FT
d. calcium 2.1-2.6 mmol/L F 8. Following characteristics are studied during
F
chemical examination of urine:
e. sodium 3. 5-10.6 mmol/L
a. Reaction
18. Gluconeogenesis b. Specific gravity
T
a. is the forination of glucose from glycogen c. protein
b. takes place primarily in the liver F d. Reducing substance
T e. Casts
c. may use acetyl Co-A as a precursor
d. is stimulated during starvation T 9. Gluconeogenesis is :
 201
Biochemistry Paper : I

a. A pathway of glucose utilization T 19. When substrate concentration is equal to Km

b. A energy requiring pathway T value:

c. Inhibited during starvation F a. Half of enzyme molecules are bond to substrate T

d. Stimulated by elevated level of acetyl co-A T molecule
F
e. Needed to maintain blood glucose T
b. Maximum velocity is achieved
10. Are the following statements on lipoprotein true?
c. Maximum enzyme molecules are taking part inF
the reaction
a. They are conjugated protein T
d. The reaction is now at equilibrium F

b. HDL is synthesized and secreted by liver T e. All the active sites of enzymes are not saturated T
c. Chylomicron forms in liver F
20. Regarding transamination :
d. Cholesterol is predominant in LDL T
a. Needs amino acid oxidase enzyme T

e. VLDL is rich in exogenous triglyceride T b. Conversion of amino acid & keto acid to keto
11. Regarding liver function test : acid & amino acid
T

a. prothrombin time is highly sensitive than ALP T

b. Serum albumin is increased in chronic liver dis
c. primary step to excrete ammonia T

d. Is catalyzed by one type of aminotransferase T

T
ease
F
e. Requires pyridoxal phosphate
Examination of
c. ALT is increased in hepatic necrosis T
1st Prof. MBBS
d. Serum Y-globulin is a synthetic function test F
November, 2016 Subject: Biochemistry Paper I
e. Increased GGT related with cholestasis T
1. Group specific enzymes include:
12. In the process of ATP synthesis : a. lactase
a. ETC is only site of synthesis F
b. pepsin
b. Mitochondria has no role F c. aminopeptidase
c. Reduced coenzymes are substrate T d. phospholipase
d. Molecular oxygen is used T e. glucokinase
e. More ADP inhibits synthesis F Ans. a) b) T c) d) e) T
2. Acetyl co-A can be formed from:
13. The hormones having effect on fat metabolism: a. pyruvate
a. Insulin: increases lipogenesis T
b. fatty acid
b. Cortisol: decreases lipolysis T
c. ketone bodies
c. Growth hormone: increases FFA F d. bile acid
d. Glucagon: stimulates lipogenesis e. acetylcholine
e. Catecholamine: increases lipolysis T Ans. a) T b) T c) Td) Fe) F
14. Regarding the enzyme glycogen synthase: 3. Glucose

a. Rate limiting enzyme in glycogenolysis F a. has four asymmetric carbon atoms

b. Glycogen synthase ₁: dephosphorylated; active form F
b. is only nutrient ofRBC
c. oxidation never occurs without oxygen
c. Glycogen synthase phosphorylated: active form F
d. is the monomer unit of cellulose
d. Epinephrine increases the activity by stimulating e. can not be form from triglyceride.
CAMP F
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) F
e. Insulin stimulates the activity by inhibiting CAMP T
4. Coenzymes:
15. Diabetes mellitus: a. are inorganic molecules
a. Is a common metabolic disease T b. are often derived from vitamins
b. Related with hyper activity of insulin F c. may be regarded as second substrate
c. Is diagnosed by HbA1C F d. act as group transfer agent
e. ATP and NADP are not examples of coenzyme
d. Is confirmed when FBG> 6.9mmol/L T

e. Causes microalbuminuria T
Ans. a) F b) T c) T d) Te) F
5. Triacylglycerol is:
16. Regarding absorption of digestive and products: a. water soluble
a. Glucose absorption in the intestine is not de b. hydrophilic
pended on insulin F c. polar
d. rich in VLDL
b. protein is absorbed in the form of peptides F

c. Liver is the main organ for absorptions F e. responsible for fatty liver when excess
Ans. a) F b) F c) F d) Te) T
d. Glucose absorption is a energy dependent proc 6. Beta oxidation of fatty acids:
ess in luminal side T
FE
e. All vitamins are not absorbed in the duodenum T
a. occurs in the cytoplasm
b. produce acetyl co-A
17. Anaerobic glycolysis: c. is not related with energy generation
a. occurs in the state of shock T d. is decreased during prolonged starvation
b. Is a pathway of brain tissue F e. is inhibited by the hormone insulin
c. Does not supply ATP in RBC F Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Fe) T
d. produces energy in the ETC F 7. Biological laboratory hazard may be occurred by:
T a. AIDS
e. Occurs in the intestine
b. viral hepatitis
18. Regarding cholesterol: c. acute myocardial infarction
a. Synthesized in the liver T
d. obstructive jaundice
b. Normal plasma level :300-350mg/L Main caus e. open tuberculosis
ative factor for diabetes mellitus F
Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Te) T
c. Main causative factor for diabetes mellitus F 8. Ammonia intoxication:
d. T a. is life threaten condition
precursor of calcitriol
T b. occurs in liver failure
e. Excrete through bile
c. occurs in renal failure
202 Biochemistry Paper : I

d. is toxic to the peripheral nervous system d. which are radioactive used in medicine
e. is common in dehydration e. that are stable can emit radioactivity
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Te) F Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Te) F
9. Glycogenesis : 19. The functions of HDL are that it:
a. is accelerated by glucagon a. acts as a reservoir of apo-lipoprotein
b. is inhibited by c-AMP b. removes excess cholesterol from tissue
c. helps to reduce excess blood glucose c. delivers free fatty acids to the tissue
d. requires the protein glycogenin d. removes triglycerides from adipose tissue
e. occurs when blood glucose level is reduced e. helps to prevent atherosclerosis
Ans. a) F b) T c) T d) Te) T Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Te) T
10. Pepsin: 20. Steroid nucleus is present in:
a. is the active form of pepsinogen a. phospholipids
b. is secreted from oxyntic cells b. bile salts
c. can digest 80% of dietary protein c. prostaglandins
d. activity is maximum at pH d. calcitriol

e. can digest the collagen fibers of protein e. cholesterol

Ans. a) Tb) F c) T d) Fe) F? Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Fe) T
11. Urea : May, 2016
a. is the end product of amino acid metabolism 1. Regarding proteins:
b. level is increased in blood in liver failure
a. they contain nitrogenous base
c. level is increased in blood in renal failure b. they are polymer of a-amino acid
d. is most abundant N2 compound in urine c. in its simple form it contains only amino acid
e. synthesis requires no energy d. prosthetic group is present in its conjugated form
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) F e. on denaturation peptide bond is hydrolyzed
12. Anabolism refers to : Ans. a) T b) T c) T d) Te) T
a. the reactions which are supplied energy 2. Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is confirmed if:
b. the reactions which are needed chemical energy a. FBS > 8.8 mmol/L.
c. biosynthesis of large molecules b. RBS> 11.1 mmol/L
d. degradation of large molecules /L
e. formation of acetyl co A from glucose c.d
.
RBSFBS
< 11.1
6.1 mmol/L
-6.9
mmol
mmol
/but
L > 7.8
Ans. a) F b) T c) T d) Fe) T e. Hb₁c>6.5%
13. Ketone bodies are:
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Fe) T
a. formed in the kidney 3. Isoenzymes:
b. soluble in aqueous solution
a. are physically distinct forms of same enzyme
c. alkaline in nature
b. perform different catalytic activity
d. not able to cross the blood brain barrier
c. have the same mobility on electrophoresis
e. utilized in cardiac muscle
d. are tissue specific, intracellular in origin.
Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Fe) T
e. are genetically distinct single molecular form
14. The common laboratory finding in primary Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) F
hypothyroidism are: 4. In obstructive jaundice:
a. TSH increased
a. conjugated bilirubin in serum is normal
b. Free T4 decreased
-

b. total bilirubin in serum is raised

c. Free T3 - increased c. raised serum ALP is a marker of it
d. Serum cholesterol-decreased
d. bile salts are present in urine
e. BMR-increased
e. G6PD deficiency is common in it.
Ans. a) T b) T c) T d) Fe) F
15. Insulin:
Ans. a) F b) T c) Td) Te) T
5. Cellulose is:
a. is a catabolic hormone
a. heteropolysaccharide
b. stimulates glycogenolysis in liver
b. unbranched chain of glucose
c. secretion is reduced in diabetes insipidus
d. facilitates glucose entry into skeletal muscle c. linked by p-1, 6 linkage
e. deficiency causes hyperglycaemia d. digested by cellulase enzyme
Ans. a) F b) F c) F d) Te) T e. obstacle for zinc absorption
16. Colloids are substances that: Ans. a) F b) F c) F d) Te) T?
7. Gastric hydrochloric acid:
a. can diffuse through semi permeable membrane
b. have optical properties a. requires for activation of pepsinogen
c. exert more osmotic pressure than crystalloid b. reduce ferric iron to ferous iron
d. have electrophoretic mobility c. is secreted from oxyntic cell
e. able to produce molecular solution d. secretion is stimulated by secretin
Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Te) T e. is related with all types of food digestion
17. Substrates for gluconeogenesis include: Ans. a) T b) T c) T d) Fe) T
a. lactate 7. Anabolic function of TCA cycle includes
synthesis of:
b. propionate a. haem
c. lysine b. CO₂
c. ketone bodies d. amino acid
d. glycerol
e. cholesterol
e. leucine
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) F Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) F
8.
18. Isotopes: Lipoproteins that transport TG to the tissue are:
a. LDL b. VLDL
a. are the atom of different elements
c. chylomicrone d. HDL
b. are compounds having same number of protons
e. IDL
c. have same atomic weight
 203
Biochemistry Paper : I
Ans. a) F b) T c) T d) Fe) T Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) Te) F
:
19. Following are the components of respiratory
a. maintains reduce glutathione inside erythrocyte chain:
b. production is prevented in G6PD deficiency a. flavoprotein
c. generation is an aerobic pathway b. coenzyme
d. has no role in fatty acid synthesis c. coenzyme A
e. is synthesized in the mitochondria
d. iron sulfur protein
Ans. a)Tb)Tc)T d) Fe) F
e. copper sulfur protein
10. Followings are the lipolytic hormones: Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Fe) F
a. epinephrine b. insulin
c. secretin
20. ADH deficiency causes:
d. growth hormone
e. thyroid hormone a. hypervolemia
b. urinary hyperosmolarity
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Fe) T c. diuresis
11. Ammonia is removed from the body by d. diabetes mellitus
formation of:
a. urea
e. increased thirst
b. uric acid Ans. a) F b) F c) T d) Fe) T
c. nitrogenous base
e. ammonium ion
d. glutamine First Professional MBBS Exam. of May. 2015
Subject: Biochemistry, Paper-I
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) T 1. Glycosaminoglycans are:
12. Regarding lipoprotein:
a. homopolysaccharides.
a. chylomicron carries endogenous TG b. act as stored fuel
b. HDL is synthesized and secreted by liver c. are complex carbohydrate
c. VLDL carries exogenous TG d. contain amino sugar & uronic acid
d. cholesterol is predominant in LDL e. have no role in lubrication
e. LDL is synthesized in circulation 2. Isotopes:
Ans. a) F b) T c) T d) Te) F a. are the atom of different elements
13. Transamination:
b. are compounds having same number of protons
a. is a reversible process c. have same atomic weight
b. is restricted to a-amino acid
d. have radioactivity may used as treatment
c. requires for tunneling of glutamate e. which are natural can emit radiation
d. needs vitamin pyrodoxin
e. non enzymatic process 3. Coenzymes:
) F c) İd) Te) F a. are inorganic molecules
14. pka: b. are essential for all enzymes
a. indicates the strength of an acid c. may be required as second substance
b. reflects the pH ofa solution d. are often derived from hormones
c. is a measure of buffer capacity e. act as group transfer reagents
d. points to an effective range of buffer solution 4. Are the following statements true?
e. value is inversely proportionate with acid strength a. pH = pk when buffer capacity is low
Ans. a) T b) F c) Td) Fe) T b. pure water PH=7.35 -7.45 at temperature 25°C
15. Proteinuria is:
c. pH values are always constant
a. always pathological d. low pH values denote high
b. due to liver dysfunction concentration ofH
c. detected in bedside e. High pH values demote high
d. detected by Rotheras test concentration of OH
e. related with glumerular permeability 5. The formation of urea requires:
Ans. a) F b) F c) T d) F e) T a. glutamate
16. Pentose phosphate pathway is: b. ammonia
a. a mitrochondrial pathway c. no ATP
b. occurring in cytoplasm d. aspartate
c. required of cholesterol synthesis e. fumerate
d. required for Gluconeogenesis 6. Lipoproteins that transport TAG to the tissue
e. active in non-lactating
are:
Ans. a) F b) T c) T d) Te)
17. Bile: a. LDL
b. VLDL
a. contains enzyme required for fat digestion.
b. contains conjugated bilirubin c. Chylomicron
c. turns more acid during storage in gall bladder d. HDL
d. contains salts which make cholesterol more soluble e. IDL
e. reabsorption occurs in the upper part is of small 7. Glycogenesis:
intestine
a. is accelerated by glucagon
Ans. a) F b) F c) T d) Te) F b. is inhibited by c-AMP
18. The following characteristics are studied during c. helps to reduce blood glucose
chemical examination of urine:
d. requires the protein glycogenin
a. reaction
e. is an energy requiring process
b. specific gravity
c. protein
8. The absorption of glucose in GIT:
a. is totally regulated by hormone
d. reducing substances
e. colour b. is an energy dependent process
204 Biochemistry Paper : I

c. is impaired in diabetes mellitus 15. The following parameters includes chemical

d. starts from lower part of stomach examination of urine:
e. occurs against concentration gradient a. specific gravity of urine
b. PH of urine
9. Which statement in obstructive jaundice is true ?
a. conjugated bilirubin in serum is normal c. sugar in urine
d. osmolarity of urine
b. serum alkaline phosphatase is raised e. protein in urine
c. bile salts are presents in urine
16. In ketoacidosis:
d. prothrombin time is normal
e. SGOT level is an indicator of it
a. [H] in body fluid rise
b. plasma [K] rise
10. Steroid nucleus is present in: c. urinary specific gravity & osmolarity rise
a, phospholipid d. plasma [HCO3] decrease in
b. bile salt
compensatory state
c. prostaglandin e. arterial PCO₂ rise to compensate acidosis
d. calcitriol
17. High energy phosphate compounds are:
e. calcitriol a. adenosine triphosphate
11. Prolonged standing of whole blood after b. adenosine monophosphate
collection can cause: c. 1, 3 bisphosphoglycerate.
a. decrease blood glucose level d. phosphoenol pyruvate
b. increase serum K* level
e. glucose-6 phosphate
c. increase blood pH 18. Chylomicrons:
d. increase non functional plasma enzyme a. are lipid carrier proteins
e. decrease carbondioxide b. are originated from liver
12. The following substances give positive result in c. carry dietary protein
Benedict test:
d. supply dietary lipid to cell
a. ascorbic acid e. deliver endogenous TAG to cell
b. aminoacid
19. The following statements about pyruvate
c. salicylate carboxylase are correct:
d. sucrose
a. it is present in mitochondria
e. glucose
b. it takes part in gluconeogenesis
13. Release of FFA from adipose tissue is increased c. it is activated by acetyl CoA
by: d. it is inhibited by ATP
a. insulin
e. it converts pyruvate to phosphoenol pyruvate
b. glucagon
20. Pentose phosphate pathway is important in:
c. epinephrine
a. kidney
d. growth hormone
e. parathormone
b. adrenal gland
c. red blood cells
14. Biochemical findings to diagnose hyperthyrodism are:
a. TSH suppressed d. lactating mammary gland
b. FT4: increased e. energy production of ETC
c. FT3: increased
d. total T4 normal
e. serum cholesterol: increased
 Biochemistry Paper : II 205

BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-II

Contents

Food, Nutrition......... 206

Vitamins 208

Minerals .211

Renal Biochemistry.. 212

Body fluid, electrolytes and Acid base balance. 213

Electrolyte Balance 214

Acid Base Balance .215

Molecular Biology & Genetics. .216

221
University (SAQ).
University (MCQ)........ .231

Holy Prophet (pbuh) said "No human ever filled a vessel worse than the
stomach. Sufficient for any son of Adam are some morsels to keep his back
straight. But if it must be, then one third for his food, one third for his drink
and one third for his breath."

[Ahmad, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasaa'I, Ibn Majah - Hadith sahih]

206
Biochemistry Paper : II

Food & Nutrition

Food & Diet

Exclusive Questions:
1. Define nutrition. (DU:May-20,Ju-14)
***

*** 2. Define diet.(DU: May-20,Nov-18/17)

*** 3. Define food. (DU:May-20,Nov-18, Ja-13)
** 4. What are the constituents of food. (DU: Ja-11)
*** 5. What are the proximate principles of food. (DU: Ja-22/15,Oct-21,Nov-19,M-19, Nov-17/16)
** 6. Name the proximate principles of food with their essential nutrients. (DU: Ju-12/08/07, Ja-09)
** 7. What is glycemic index of food. (DU: Ju-12)
**
8. Mention the importance of DRI. (DU: Ja-13)
** 9. Define DRI, Name the components of its. (DU: Ja-12)
**
10. What do you mean by RDA. (DU: Ja-12)
***
11. What do you mean by thermogenic effect of food and glycemic index.(DU: M-18)
***
12. Short note:- Glycemic index. (DU: Jan-22)
More Questions:
* 1. What is diet? (DU: Ju-10/09, Ja-08)
2. Write down the daily calorie requirement in adult female- (DU: Ja-08)
*

Balanced Diet
Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Define balanced diet (DU: Oct-21,May-20,Nov-18, Ja-10/11, Ju-10/09/08/07)
2. Mention the criteria of a balance diet. (DU: Nov-17, Ja-15)
***

***
3. What fact will you consider to formulate a balanced diet for an individual? (DU: Ju-12, Ja-11/10)
Or, Mention the factors that are considered during formulating balanced diet for a particular
person. (DU: M-18)
***
4. Give the features of calorie deficiency of a child. (DU: Nov-17)
More Questions:
*

1. How will you prepare a balanced diet for an adult of Bangladesh? (DU: Ja-06)

SDA & RDA

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. What do you mean by SDA of food? (DU: Ju-09/08/07, Nov-16)
** 2. What do you mean by RDA? (DU: Ja-12)
** 3. What is thermic effect of food (SDA) (DU: Ja-12)
**
4. Define DRI. (DU: Ja-13)
**

5. Name the components of DRI. (DU: Ja-12)

.
(
:
-
)
of
the

DU

Ja

13
DRI
Mention

importance

**
6.
*** 7. Calculate the energy value of a food containing 110gm of protein,70gm of fat & 330gm of
carbohydrate. (DU: Jan-22)
***

**
8. Calculate the daily calorie requirement of lactating mother. (DU: Nov-17, Ju-14)
***
9. Briefly discuss the components of energy expenditure of an individual. (DU: Ju-13, Ja-08)
10. How can you calculate energy requirement of a female medical student. (DU: M-19)
More

Questions:
**

1. How can you calculate energy requirement of a sedentary worker? Make a balanced diet of
such a worker. (DU: Ju-10)
** 2. Short notes:
i) Balanced diet. (DU: Ju-07) ii) SDA of food. (DU: Ju-10) iii) RDA (DU: Ja-14)
 Biochemistry Paper: II 207

Nutrients
Exclusive Questions:

*** 1. Define nutrient. (DU:Nov-18, Ju-16/14/12, Ja- 13)

2. Define macronutrients and micronutrients with their examples. (DU: May-20)
*** 3. Name the nutrients (DU: Ju-14)
*** 4. Define and mention the essential nutrients. (DU: Ja-15/14/10/09, M-16)
** 5. Define nutrition. (DU: Ju-14)
*** 6.
*** 7.
Enumerate essential nutrients. Give the importance of dietary fibers. (DU:Nov-18)
Write the functions and deficiency disorders of three trace elements. (DU: May-20)
*** 8. Write short note on: a) Essential nutrients. (DU: Nov-15)
b) EAA (Essential amino acid) (DU: Ju-15)
More Questions:

* 1. Give the concept of nutrient, Food & diet. (DU: Ja-08/06)

Nutritional Disorders
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. What is malnutrition? (DU: Nov-19/15, Ju-11/07, Ja-09)
*** 2. Classify malnutrition. (DU: Nov-19/15, Ju-11, Ja-09)
**
Or, Classify malnutrition with example. (DU: M-17)
3. Name the common nutritional disorder present in Bangladesh. (DU: Ja-22/08,Ju-11)
** 4. Define PEM. (DU: Oct-21,May-20,Ju-12/07)
** 5. Classify PEM. (DU: Ju-12/10, Ja-10/09)
***
Or, Classify PEM according to WHO. (DU: Oct-21,M-20,Ju-13)
Differentiate marasmus and kwashiorkor, (DU: Jan-22,Oct-21,Nov-19, M-17, Ju-13/10)
**
***
7.
8.
6
.a)PEM
Why edema occur in kwashiorkor, (DU: Ju-10/09)
Write short note on.
(DU: M-18, Ju-14, Nov-16)
.

More Questions:
* 1. Name the common nutritional disorders in our country. How they can be prevented. (DU: Ju-08/09)

Dietary Fiber
Exclusive Questions:
**

1. Define dietary fibers. (DU: Ja-10)

*** 2. Justify dietary fiber as an essential nutrient. (DU: Ja-14/13/09, Ju-12/08)
*** 3. Mention the importance of dietary fiber. (DU: Nov-17/15. Ja-15)
*** 4.
Mention the advantage & disadvantage of dietary fibers. (DU: Nov-19, Ju-11, M-16)
** 5. Write about role of dietary fiber in heath. (DU: Ju-12, Ja-06)
More Questions:
** 1. Mention the functions of dietary fibers. (DU: Ja-10/08)

BMR

Exclusive Questions:
***
1. What is BMR/BEE. (DU: Oct-21,M-20, 16, Nov-16, Ja-14/12, Ju-13/10/09/08)
Or, Define BMR.Reference value of BMR (DU: Oct-21,M-20,17)
*** 2. Mention the standard condition to measure BMR. (DU: Ja-14)
Or, Give prerequisites to measure BMR(DU: M-17)
*** 3. What are the factors affecting BMR. (DU: Oct-21,M-20, 17, Ja-14/10, Ju- 10/09/08)
* 4. Mention the effects of different factors of BMR. (DU: Ju-09)
** 5. Mention the factors influencing BMR. (BE) (DU: Ja-12)
More Questions:
*

1. Mention the precondition to measure BMR.

* 2. Write down the component of energy expenditure in our body. (DU: Ja-08)
208 Biochemistry Paper : II

BMI & Obesity

Exclusive Questions:

*** 1. What is BMI? (DU: Nov-16, M-15, Ju-13, Ja-10/07)

Or, Define BMI (DU: M-17)
*** 2.
What is obesity?Mention the consequences of obesity. (DU: May-20,Ja-15)
** 3. Write short notes on.
i) BMI. (DU:Nov-19/18, Ju-15/11/10/09/07)
ii) Obesity. (DU: Ju-12/08, Ja-11/09)
More Questions:
* 1. Importance of BMI.

Vitamins

Classifications Of Vitamins
Exclusive Questions:
1. Define and classify vitamins. (DU: Nov-19, Ju-15, Ja-14, M-16, Nov-16)
***

*** 2. Name the water-soluble vitamins with their active form. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-15)
Or, Write the active form of water soluble vitamin. (DU: Nov-17)
***
3. Classify the water-soluble vitamins. (DU: May-20,Ju-14)
*** 4. Name the co-enzyme forms of water-soluble vitamins. (DU: Ja-13)
-18)
***
**

**
5.

7.
6.
Or, Write
Name
the
the chemical
vitamins
hematopoietic
name and
concerned
vitamins
co-enzyme
with
withJu
their
M
release
co
-form
of ofenzyme
energy
.
water
( forms
DU
:soluble
and
Ja
- 12
) vitamins.
functions
.( DU
: (DU:
M-19, -14)

Name the fat soluble vitamins. (DU: Ja-10)

Or, Name the fat soluble vitamins with their active form. (DU: Jan-22,M-17/15)
** 8. Name the vitamins which can be produced within human body. (DU: Ju-14)
**

***
9. Name the endogenously synthesized vitamins. (DU: Ja-11/08, Ju-08)
10. What are the endogenous vitamins. (DU: Ja-15)
11. Differentiate fat soluble vitamins and water soluble vitamins. (DU:May-20,Nov-18)
***

More Questions:
* 1. Name the vitamins that form Co-enzymes to help CHO metabolism. (DU: Ju-09)

Free Radicals & Antioxidant

Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Name the antioxidant vitamins(DU: M-18) with their active form. (DU: Ja-15, Ju-13)
**

2. What are the vitamins having antioxidant properties. (DU: Ju-11, Ja-10/09)
**

3. Give the sources of antioxidant vitamin in Bangladesh. (DU: Ju-11)

**

4. Justify their name as antioxidant vitamins. (DU: Ju-11)

*** 5. Short notes:
i) Trace elements. (M-16)
More Questions:
* 1. Write short notes on:
i) Co-enzymes derived from vitamins. (DU: Ja-07)
ii) Antioxidant. (DU: Ja-08)

Vitamin A

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Name the functional or active forms of vitamin-A. (DU: Ja-14/13/10/06, Ju-08)
**
2. Name the site of action of vitamin A. (DU: Ja-14)
***
3. Give the source of Vitamin A. (DU: Jan-22,M-17)
 Biochemistry Paper: II 209

** 4. Mention the sequences of change that occurs in eye due to deficiency of vit-A. (DU: Ja-14)
** 5. Name the active forms of vit-A with their biochemical functions. (DU: Ja-13)
*** 6. Give deficiency symptoms of vitamin A. (DU: M-17, Ja-13/11/10, Ju-08)
*** 7. Give the functions of vitamin A. (DU: Jan-22,M-17/5, Ju-15/11/09)
*** 8. State the role of vitamin A on vision. (DU:Nov-18)
*** 9. Mention the functions of different forms of vitamin A. State deficiency disorders of this
vitamin. (DU: Jan-22,M-18)
*** 10. Write short note on:
i) Visual cycle. (DU: M-19, Nov-17/15, Ju-09)
ii) Dark adaptation mechanism. (DU: Ju-12)
More Questions:
*
1. How vitamin A is related to vision? (DU: Ja-07, Ju-08)
* 2. Write down the eye and skin changes due to vitamin A deficiency. (DU: Ja- 06)
** 3. Mechanism of action of vitamin-A. (DU: Ja-10)
*
4. Mention the sources of vit-A. (DU: Ja-08/06)

Vitamin D

Exclusive Questions:

** 1. Write down the steps of photo-biogenesis of calcitriol. (DU: Ju-14)

** 2. Write down the metabolic function of vit D. (DU: Ja-14)
** 3. Give the steps of endogenous synthesis of active vit D. (DU: Ju-12)
** 4. Discuss the synthesis of calcitriol and it functions. (DU: Ju-11, Ja-09/08)
** 5. What are the deficiency disorders of vitamin D. (DU: Ju-11, Ja-09, Ju-06)
*** 6. How vit-D is synthesized and activated in our body. (DU: Nov-15, Ju-09)
***
What are the deficiency disorder of 1.25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. (DU: Nov-16)
*** 8. Calcitriol is a hormone-explain. (DU: M-15)
*** 9. Show the flowchart of vitamin D synthesis. (DU: M-17)
** 10. Short note on:
i) Hypervitaminosis. (DU: Ja-13)
More Questions:
** 1. Write down the sources of Vit-D. (DU: Ju-09)
* 2. What is endogenous sources of vit D. (DU: Ju-06)
* 3. Describe the action of activated Vit-D on target organ. (DU: Ju-09)
*
4. How deficiency effects bone in Rickets and Osteomalacia. (DU: Ja-08)

Vitamin K

Exclusive Questions:
***
1. Give the sources and function of Vit K. (DU: Ju-14, M-15)
** 2. Mention the role of Vit K in coagulation. (DU: Ja-13)
** 3. Why premature newborn baby needs Vit K injection. (DU: Ju-13)
*** 4. What are the deficiency disorders of Vit K. (DU: Ju-14/08, Ja-07/07/06)
More Questions:
*
1. Enumerate the Vit K dependent Clotting factors. (DU: Ja-06)
* 2. Write in brief about the role of Vit K in the synthesis of these factors. (DU: Ja-06)
Vitamin B Complex
Exclusive Questions:
**
1. Name the Vit-B complexes with their active form. (DU: Ju-12)
** 2. Name the members of Vit B complex with their active co-enzyme form. (DU: Ja-11/08, Ju-07/06)
** 3. Name the hematopoietic Vitamins. (DU: Ja-13/12)
210 Biochemistry Paper : II

**
4. Mention the sources and function of Vit B₁. (DU: Oct-21,Ja-12, Ju-07)\
**
5. What are the deficiency disorder of vit B₁. (DU: Oct-21,Ja-12, Ju-08/07)
6. Mention the clinical conditions developed due to deficiency of Vit B₁. (DU: Ja-13)
**

**
7. Mention the sources, functions & deficiency features of Vit B₂. (DU: Ja-12, Ju-07)
**
8. Mention the biochemical reactions in which Vit B₁ Plays its vital role in energy releasing.
(DU: Ja. 12)

*** 9. Name the important sources of Folic acid with their deficiency features. (DU: Nov-19)
**
10. Give the mechanisms of action and deficiency disorders of folic acid. (DU: Ju-10)
**
11. Discuss the folate trap mechanism. (DU: Ju-12)
Or, What is folate trap? (DU: M-18)
***
12. Discuss the folate trap mechanism with diagram. (DU: M-19)
***
13. Name the important sources of Vit B12. (DU: Ju-14, Ja-14, Nov-19/16)
**
14. Name the active form of vit B12. (DU: Ju-14)
15. Mention the absorption of Vit B12. (DU: Ja-14)
**

**
16. Mention the factor affecting the absorption B₁2. (DU: Ju-14)
***
17. Mention the function of Vit B12. (DU: Nov-17,Ja-12, Nov-16)
***
18. What are the deficiency disorder of Vit B12. (DU: Nov-19, M-17, Ja-14/12/06)
**
19. Write the reversible & irreversible features of deficiency of Vit B12. (DU: Ju-14)
20. Give the biochemical boons of developing pernicious anaemia. (DU: Ja-13)
**

***
21. Write Short notes on:

i) Folate trap. (DU: M-16, Ju-13)

More Questions:
*
1. Give the mechanism of action of Vit B₁. (DU: Ju-08)
*
2. State the causes of megaloblastic anaemia. (DU: Ju-07)
3. Describe the deficiency disorder of thiamin and niacin. (DU: Ju-06)
*

* 4. What is folate trap hypothesis and its significance regarding megaloblastic anaemia. (DU: Ju
07)
* 5. Write short notes on:
i) Beriberi. (DU: Ja-08)
ii) folic acid. (DU: Ju-06/07/08)

Vitamin C
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Mention the sources of ascorbic acid. (DU: May-20,Ja-15, Ju-13/12)
*** 2. Mention the RDA of ascorbic acid. (DU: Ja-15)
**
3. Give the mechanism of action of ascorbic acid. (DU: Ju-13/12/10/09/08)
*** 4. Write down the functions of ascorbic acid. (DU: May-20,Ja-15/09, Ju-13/07, M-15)
**
5. How loss of vit C is prevented from diet. (DU: Ju-12)
6. Give the deficiency disorders of ascorbic acid. (DU: May-20,Ja-15, Ju-13/12/10/09)
***

***
7. Write short notes on:
Scurvy. (DU: M-17, Ja-11/10)
More Questions:
**
1. What are the features of scurvy? (DU: Ja-09)
*
2. Short note no:
i) Vitamin E. (DU: Ja-8)
ii) Rickets.

iii) Night blindness.

 Biochemistry Paper : II 211

Minerals

Introduction
Exclusive Questions:
*** 1.
*** 2.
Define micro & macro-nutrients/minerals with examples. (DU: Ja-22/14, Ju-11)

* 9. Whatareminerals?Clas ifythem.(DU:M-15,Ja-12/09,Ju-10)
Or, Define macronutrient & micronutrient with example. (DU: May-20,Ju-15, Ja-14)
Or, Define micronutrient with example. (DU: M-17)
**
3.
***
Define trace elements. (DU: Oct-21,M-18, Ja-13)
4. Enumerate the trace elements. (DU: Ja-15)
** 5.
What are the trace elements? (DU: M-19, Ja-10, Ju-12/08/07)
*** 6. Name five/four important trace elements. (DU: Oct-21,Ju-14, Ja-13)
*** 7. What do you mean by micro-minerals? Enumerate them. (DU:Nov-18)
***

8. Enumerate four (4) important microminerals with their functions and deficiency
disorders.(DU: Oct-21,May-20,18)
Short note.
Trace elements. (DU:Nov-17, M-16)
More Questions:
*

1. Define macro & micro mineral. (DU: Ja-22,Ju-08)

* 2. Enumerate the macro & micro minerals. (DU: Ja-08)

Calcium & Iron

Exclusive Questions:
***
***
1. Write down the functions & deficiency disorders of calcium. (DU: Ja-12)
2. What are hormones that regulate blood calcium? (DU: M-19, Ja-15)
***
3. How Cat channel is raised during Hypercalcemia? (DU: M-15)
**
4. Mention the sources of iron. (DU: M-19, Ja-14/12/08)
***
5. State the functions of iron. (DU: Ja-15, M-19/17/15)
** 6. What are the factors which interfere iron absorption. (DU: Ja-12)
**
7. White down the distribution of iron in are body. (DU: Ja-12/08)
**

8. Name the deficiency disorders due to iron. (DU: Ja-15/10/08, Ju-12/10/08)

***
:Nov-18)
***
9. 10.
Write Write
aboutshort
dietary
note
sources,
on
: absorptionDU
and functions of iron & RDA in our body. (
i) Iron metabolism. (DU: M-15)
More Questions:
* 1. What are the cases of deficiency anaemia in Bangladesh? (DU: Ju-06)
Fluoride & Iodine

Exclusive Questions:
***
1. State the functions of fluoride. (DU: Ja-15, Ju-10)
*** 2. Name the deficiency disorders due to fluoride. (DU: Ja-15/10/08, Ju-12/10/08)
*** 3. Write down the sources of iodine. (DU: M-19, Ja-14/09, Ju-14/07)
***
4. Write down the functions of iodine. (DU: M-19/17, Ja-15/14/13/09, Ju-14/10/07, Nov-15)
*** 5. Name the deficiency disorder due to iodine. (DU: Ja-15/10/08, Ju-12/10/08)
More Questions:
** 1. Iodine deficiency disorder. (DU: Ja-09)
* 2. What is colloid goiter? (DU: Ju-07)
Copper, Zinc
Exclusive Questions:
**
1. Mention the functions of copper. (DU: Ja-13)
***
2. Mentions the functions of Zinc. (DU: Ja-15, Ju-10, M-17/15)
***
3. Name the deficiency disorders due to Zinc. (DU: Ja-15/10/08, Ju-12/08)
212 Biochemistry Paper: II

Renal Biochemistry

Renal Physiology
Exclusive Questions:
**
1. Define plasma clearance, renal threshold and transport maximum. (DU: (Ju-13/11, Ja-11/08)
*** 2. Define osmolar clearance and free water clearance. (DU: Nov-15)
*** 3. What is proteinuria. (DU:Nov-18, M-17)
*** 4. How urinary protein is tested in bed side. (DU: M-17)
*** 5. What is limiting pH of Urine? (DU: Nov-19, M-19, Ja-13, Ju-12, M-16)
***
6. What is plasma load? (DU: M-16, Ju-14)
**
7. Name the substances totally reabsorbed from renal PCT. (DU: Ju-14)
***
8. What do you mean by obligatory urine volume? (DU: Nov-19, M-19, Ja-10)
** 9. Calculate net filtration pressure of glomerulus. How urea is formed from ammonia? (DU: Ju-16
*** 10. Give the source and fates of ammonia. What is ammonia intoxication.(DU: M-17)
***
11. Define and classify diuresis. (DU: Ja-22,Ju-12, M-15)
Or, what are the types of diuresis? Give example.(DU: Nov-17)
***
)
***
12.13.
Differentiate
What
do you
between
meanby
osmoticplasma
diuresis clearance
and12
water
and renal
diuresis (DU:
threshold
?( Ja-22,Nov-19,
DU
: Nov
-18
) M-19, Ju-
** 14. Short notes:

i) Renal clearance (DU: Ja-12, Ja-11, Ja-10) ii) Diuresis (Viva)

iii) GFR (DU: Ju-08) ,)
v) Proteinuria (Viva)
More Questions:

* 1. Why Patient of diabetic Ketoacidosis suffer from metabolic acidosis. (DU: Ja-07)
**
2. What is renal glycosuria? Why it occurs in diabetes mellitus? (DU: Ja-09, Ju-08)
Or, Why glycosuria occurs in diabetes mellitus. (DU: Ja-09)
*
3. What is GFR? Write down the factors affecting GFR. How it is measured? Why inulin is
chosen for measuring it? (DU: Ju-08)
* 4. Write down the mechanism of osmotic and water diuresis. (DU: Ja-07)
*
5. Briefly outline the regulation of plasma osmolality.

Renal Function Test

Exclusive Questions:
**
1. Enumerate the basic mechanism of urine formation. (DU: Ja-10, 08)
** 2. Write about the biochemical test done to assess Kidney functions. (DU: Ju-09)
***
3. Give the biochemical basis of bicarbonate generation by the kidney tubules. (DU: Ju-14)
***
4. One patient has following laboratory results:
-Serum creatinine 2.5 mg/dl, urine creatinine 100 gm/dl & urine flow rate .2ml/min,Calculate
creatinine clearance rate of the patient & comment on the results. (DU: Jan-22)
**
4. Give the mechanism of bicarbonate reclamation and bicarbonate generation by the kidney. (DU: Ju-13)
***
5. How alkaline glomerular filtrate is converted to acidic urine? (DU:Nov-18)
More Questions:
** 1. Discuss the endocrine functions of kidney.

2. Give the common physical and chemical characters of normal urine.

*

3. Short note:
i) Limiting pH (DU: Oct-21) ii) NH3 intoxication.
 Biochemistry Paper : II 213

Body Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid Base Balance

Body Fluid Electrolyte & Measurement
Exclusive Questions:
1. Define body fluid. (DU: Ja-13)
**

*** 2. Classify body fluid compartments. (DU: Ja-14/11/09, Ju-09/08)

** 3.
Give the distribution of body fluid. (DU: Ja-11)
** 4. Narrate body fluid distribution. (DU: Ju-11)
*** 5.
***
Give the normal value of ECF Components. (DU: Ju-15)
6. Give the distribution of total body water in different compartment in a 80 kg adult male. (DU: Ju-12)
Or, Distribute the total body water in different compartment of a 70kg adult male. (DU: M-16)
Or, Calculate the distribution ofbody fluid in different compartments ofa 70 kg adult male. (DU: M-18)
*** 7. How body fluid distributed in the different compartment. (DU: M-19/15)
*** 8. Write down the case of hypercalcemia. (DU: Nov-16)
*** 9. Enumerate the body fluid compartments with their volume. (DU: Ja-15)
Or, Name the body water compartments with their volume of an adult male. (DU: Nov-17)
**

10. Mention the methods by which body fluid volume are measured. (DU: Ja-14)
*** 11. Write in short about transcellular fluid. (DU: M-18)
***
12. Short note: Transcellular fluid. (DU: Nov-18/15)
More Questions:

** 1. Name the body fluid compartments. (DU: Ju-10/06)

* 2. What is transcellular fluid. (DU: Ja-06, Ju-06)
* 3. State the principles of measuring volume of body fluid compartments. (DU: Ja-06)

Fluid Balance

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. What is osmolar gap. (DU: M-19/17, Ja-12)
*** 2. : Ju-11/08)
*** 3. Briefly describe body fluid regulation in hyperosmolarity of blood. (DU: M-17)
*** 4. Briefly describe water balance regulation. (DU: Jan-22,Ja-15)
** 5. How ADH maintains body water fluid volume. (DU: Ja-11, Ju-10/09/06)
** 6. What do you mean by water turn over. (DU: Ju-13/12, Ja-13/11, M-17/16)
** 7. Write down the daily water input & output in a adult male. (DU: May-20,Ju-13, Ja-10)
Or, Make a water intake and output chart of an adult male. (DU:Nov-18)
*** 8. Make per day water intake output chart for adult. (DU: Nov-17, M-10/15, Nov-16, Ju-15)
*** 9. How water turnover can be calculated. (DU: Nov-17, Ju-13)
***
10. Give the importance of water turnover. (DU:May-20,17, Ju-12)
***
11. What is water turnover? Mention its importance. (DU:M-19, Nov-18)
***
12. Short note on:
i) Water balance. (DU: Ju-12)
ii) Osmolar gap. (DU: Ja-14)
iii) Water turnover. (DU: May-20/15,Nov-19)
More Questions:
1. How hypothalamus maintains body fluid osmotic balance after a sudden increase in plasma
osmolality. (DU: Ja-09)
** 2. State the stimulus for ADH release. (DU: Ju-10)
*
3. Mention the function of ADH. (DU: Ja-08/06)
214
Biochemistry Paper: II

Disorder Of Fluid Balance

Exclusive Questions:

1. Classify the fluid volume disorders. (DU: Ja-08/06, Ju-10/09)

**

2. Name the body fluid volume disorder. (DU: Ja-11/16)

**

*** 3. What is obligatory urine volume?Give its importance. (DU: Oct-21)

** 3. Write short note:
i) Water intoxication. (DU: Ju-11)
More Questions:
**
1. What is water intoxication? (DU: Ja-09)
*
2. Mention the causes of fluid volume disorders. (DU: Ju-06)
**
3. What are the causes of isotonic fluid contraction? (DU: Ju-09)
**
4. Why does a child get quickly dehydrated than adults? (DU: Ju-10)
**
5. Why a baby is rapidly dehydrated in diarrhoea. (DU: Ju-10)

Electrolyte Balance

Introduction

Exclusive Questions:

** 1. Write down the electrolytes composition of serum with reference ranges. (DU: Ju-11/10, Ja-06)
**
2. Write down the electrolyte composition of ECF & ICF. (DU: Ja-11/09, Ju-07)
3. Name the major electrolytes in ECF. (DU: Ju-12)
**

** 4. Name the major cations in ECF with their normal ranges. (DU: Nov-19, Ju-13)
*** 5. Name the routinely measured electrolytes in ECF with their reference ranges. (DU: Ja-22,Oct-21,M-20)
*** 6. Name the common serum electrolytes with their reference ranges. (DU: M-18)
More Questions:
* 1. Enumerate the normal volumes of serum electrolytes. (DU: Ja-07, Ju-08)
**
2. Show in a chart the common electrolyte differences between ECF & ICF. (DU: Ja-10)
Na K Homeostasis
Exclusive Questions:
**

1. What is electrolyte. (DU:Nov-19)

***2. Briefly discuss sodium homeostasis. (DU: Ju-13)
Or, Briefly discuss the regulation of sodium in ECF. (DU:Nov-18)
**
3. Mention how normal Na level in blood are regulated. (DU: M-19, Ju-12)
***
4. Mention the hormonal regulation of Na* in ECF. (DU: Ja-11, Ju-10/09)
Or, Write on hormonal regulation of blood sodium level.(DU: Nov-17)
**
5. Write the role of Aldosterone in serum electrolyte maintenance. (DU: Ju-11)
**
6. Write down the causes and consequence of hyponatremia. (DU: Ja-12)
Or, Define hyponatraemia with its causes. (DU:Nov-18)
**
7. Define hypocalcaemia and hypokalemia. (DU: Ja-14/13, Ju-07)
***
8. Mention the consequences of hyperkalemia. (DU:M-19/17, Ja-14/13)
*** 9. Mention the cause of hyperkalemia. (DU: M-19/17)
***

10. What is transmembrane K* efflux? (DU: Oct-21,M-19/17)

***

11. Mention the consequences of hypocalcaemia. (DU: Ja-14/15)

***

**
12. How kidney maintains normal serum concentration of K. (DU: Nov-19, M-17, Ja-14)
13. Mention the hormonal regulation of K* in ECF. (DU: Ja-11, Ju-10/06)
***
14. How potassium is regulated in our body? (DU: M-18)
More Questions:
1. State the role of Aldosterone in Nat balance of ECF (DU: Ja-07, Ju-08)
*

** 2. State the sources and function of K. (DU: Ja-09)

** 3. State the role of Aldosterone in K* balance ECF. (DU: Ja-11, Ju-10/06)
 Biochemistry Paper : II 215

Ca Homeostasis
Exclusive Questions:
** 1. What are the forms of Ca** in blood? (DU: M-19, Ja-11)
*** 2. Name the different forms of Cat in blood with their normal levels. (DU: Nov-19, Ju-14)
** 3.
** 4.
What are the functions of calcium in our body. (DU: Ja-11/10/07/06)
How normal blood Ca level is regulated. (DU: Ju-14)
*** 5. What are the hormones that regulate blood calcium level? (DU: M-19, Ja-15)
*** 6. Briefly discuss the Cat homeostasis. (DU: Nov-19)
*** 7. Write short note on.
i) Transmembrane K* efflux Or, Transmembrane K* flux.(DU: May-20,Ja-15/12)
ii) Cat homeostasis. (DU: Ju-12)
More Questions:
* 1. Shortly discuss the hormones control of serum calcium. (DU: Ju-06)

Acid Base Balance

Acid Base Disorders

Exclusive Questions:

** 1. Classify the simple acid base disorders. (DU: Ja-12/10, Ju-10/09/08)

*** 2. Classify acid base disorders with examples. (DU: May-20,Ja-15)
*** 3. Classify acid base disorders with their primary defect. (DU: M-18/17/16/15, Ja-14, Ju-13)
*** 4. Classify simple acid base disorders with their primary biochemical defects. (DU:Oct-21,Nov
19/18, Ju-14)

** 5. Define each of the acid base disorders and mention about Compensation. (DU: Ju-10)
*** 6. How acid base disorders are corrected? (DU: Ja-15)
*** 7. Enumerate the parameters to assess the acid base disorders. (DU: M-19, Ja. 15, Nov-15/16)
*** 8. Why HCO3 buffer is called most important buffer to regulate acid base balance. (DU: Ja-15)
*** 9. Mention the roles of Kidney in regulation of acid base balance of the body. (DU: M-18, Nov
16, Ja-12)
***
10. Name the measured and calculated parameters of acid base disorders with their normal
value.(DU: Nov-17)
*** 11. Short note on:
i) Base excess. (DU: Ja-15, M-16)
ii) Anion gap. (DU: Oct-21,M-20,19/18,Ja-15/09/08, Ju-08)
More Questions:
**
1. Define each of the acid base disorder and mentions about compensation. (DU: Ju-10)
** 2. Short note: i) Parameters of acid base balance. (DU: Ja-12)

Metabolic Acidosis & Alkalosis

Exclusive Questions:
**
1. Define & classify acidosis. (DU: Ju-12)
*** 2. Mention the causes of metabolic acidosis. (DU: Nov-17/16, Ja-14/11/09, Ju-12) :
*** 3. Write down the primary defect of metabolic alkalosis.How it is being compensated &
corrected.(DU: Jan-22/14/13, Nov-17/16/15,Ju-13)
Or, Write the causes and compensation of metabolic acidosis and correction.(DU: May-20,Nov-18)
** 4. Why acidosis developed in metabolic acidosis. (DU: Ju-13)
*** 5. Give the pathogenesis of metabolic acidosis in uncontrolled Diabetes mellitus and prolonged
starvation. (DU: M-17)
*** 5. Write down the causes of metabolic alkalosis. (DU: Ja-15)
*** 6. Write short notes on: i) Metabolic Alkalosis. (DU: Ja-15)
216
Biochemistry Paper: II
More Questions:

* 1. Define metabolic Acidosis. (DU: Ja-00)

2. Define metabolic alkalosis. (DU: Ja-06)
*

DU: Ja-08/06, Ju-08)

*
3.4.
How How
metabolicmetabolic
Acidosis Alkalosis
is is
compensated
( compensated
by by
respiratory respiratory
system. syte.m (DU: Ja-08/06, Ju-08)
Respiratory Acidosis & Alkalosis.
Exclusive Questions:
1. Define respiratory acidosis. (DU: Ja-11, Ja-08)
**

***
2. Mention the causes of respiratory acidosis. (DU: Ocy-21,M-19, Ja-14, Ja-09)
**
3. Write down the biochemical changes of respiratory acidosis. (DU: Ja-14)
**
4. Write down the compensation of respiratory acidosis. (DU: Oct-21,M-19, Ja-14)
** 5. How respiratory acidosis can be compensated. (DU: Ja-13, Ja-09)
6. Mention the cause of respiratory alkalosis. (DU: Ja-12)
**

*** 7. Short note: Respiratory acidosis. (DU: M-15)

More Questions:
* 1. What is the effect of acidosis of serum k+. (DU: Ja-06)
*
2. How alkalosis is compensated by respiratory system. (DU: Ja-08/06, Ja-08)
*
3. Short note: ketoacidosis. (DU: Ja-06)

Molecular Biology & Genetics

Introduction

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Define Genetics. (DU: Ja-14)
** 2. Name the genetic materials. (DU: Ja-14)
*** 3. Define nucleic acid. (DU: Oct-21,M-20,19, Nov-19/15, Ja-15/13/14)
*** 4. Classify nucleic acid. (DU: M-20,Ja-15, Nov-16)
***
5. Composition & types of nucleic acid. (DU: M-19, Nov-16)
***
6. Give the functions of nucleic acid. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-19, Ja-15)
***

7. Define nucleotide with examples. (DU: Oct-21,M-20,17, Ja-14, Ja-12)

**
8. Write down the basic chemistry of nucleotide. (DU: Ju-13, Ja-08)
*** 9. Give the chemical structure of nucleotide. (DU: Ja-12)
Or, Give the structure of nucleotide. (DU: M-20,17)
**
10. Name the nucleotides derived from pyrimidines. (DU: Ja-14)
***
11. Importance of Nucleotide. (DU: Oct-21)
Or, Mention the functions of nucleotide. (DU: M-20/16, Ju-13/12/11, Ja-13)
***
12. What do you mean salvage pathway of nucleotide? (DU: M-17, Ja-13)
**

13. Give the importance of salvage pathway of nucleotide. (DU: Ju-13)

***
14. Name the bases of purine & pyrimidine. (DU:Nov-16, Ju-15)
Or, Write the name of purine and pyrimidine bases. (DU: Nov-18)
***
15. How purine bases are formed. (DU: Nov-16)
Or, What are the requirements for synthesis for purine base?
***
11)
***
18. Give the chemical structure of nucleoside. (DU: M-15/16, Ju-12)
Or, Write down the structure of nucleoside.(DU: M-17)
**
19. Write down the basic chemistry of nucleoside. (DU: Ju-13, Ja-08)
**
20. Define nitrogenous base. (DU: JU-11)
 Biochemistry Paper : II 217

** 21. Name the usual nitrogenous base. (DU: Ju-14)

DU: Ja-14)
** 23. Mention the sources of atom in a purine ring. (DU: Ja-14)
*** 24. Write the base pairing role. (DU: Ju-15)
*** 25. Define gene. (DU: Ja-22/15/14,Oct-21,Nov-19/18/16, M-18/15,Ju-14)
*** 26. Define genome. (DU: Ja-22/15/14,Oct-21,Nov-19/18/16, M-18/15,Ju-10)
** 27. Define allele. (DU: Ju-14, Ja-14)
*** 28. Define genotype. (DU: Nov-18, JU-14,Ja-06)
*** 29. What do you mean by phenotype & trait. (DU: JU-14)
Or, Define phenotype. (DU: Nov-18)
** 30. Write down the Mendel's laws. (DU: Ju-14)
Or, enumerate the Mendelian disorder. (DU: Ju-14)
*** 31. Structure of gene. (DU: M-15)
*** 32. What is codon. (DU: Jan-22,Nov-19, Ju-15)
*** 33. Write down the initiation and stop codons. (DU: Ja-16)
*** 34. Give the structure of triphosphate nucleotide. (DU: Ja-16)
15/13,Oct-21,Nov-20/19/18/16, M-17/15)
*** 36. Give the characteristics of genetic code. (DU: Nov-18/16, Ja-15)
Or, Give the features of genetic code. (DU: M-17)
*** 37. Write down the function of codon. (DU: Jan-22)
*** 38. Mention the properties of genetic code. (DU: May-20, Ja-13/12/11/08/09, Ju-09/07/06)
** 39. What do you mean by gene expression. (DU: Ju-14, Ja-13)
(DU: Ju-14, Ja-13)
.

*** 41. Discuss redundancy of genetic code with example. (DU: Nov-15)
*** 42. Briefly describe cell cycle.(DU: M-17)
*** 43. Define nucleotide and nucleoside with example.(DU: Nov-18)
*** 44. Enumerate the nitrogenous bases with their end product of metabolism. (DU: M-18)
*** 45. What is meant by RFLP? (DU: M-18)
*** 46. Write short note on.
i) cell cycle (DU: Nov-19, M-19, Ju-14, Ja-09, M-15/16)
ii) Genotype & phenotype. (DU: Ju-13)
iii) Metaphase chromosome. (DU: M-17, Ja-15/14)
iv) Restriction Enzyme (DU: Nov-18, Ju-16, Nov-15)
iv) Restriction endonuclease (DU: M-19, Ja-155)
v) Nitrogen base. (DU: Oct-21)
vi) Nucleosomes. (DU: M-17)

Replication & Recombinant DNA Technology.

***
1. Define replication. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-19/17, Ju-14, Ja-11/10/08).
Or, Define replication. Give its features.(DU: M-17, Nov-17)
** 2. Compare between leading & lagging strands. (DU: Ju-13)
*** 3. Define leading strand and lagging strand of DNA. (DU: Nov-17)
*** 4. What do you mean by okazaki fragment. (DU: Ju-14)
** 5. Write down the steps of replication. (DU: Ju-14)
**
6. What are the steps of replication? (DU: Jan-22,Oct-21,Ju-13)
7. Properties of recombinant DNA. (DU: Nov-16)
***

*** 8. What do you mean by recombinant technology? give example. (DU: Jan-22,Ju-14, Nov-16)
**
9. Define recombinant DNA technology. (DU: Ja-22/13)
**
10. Mention the steps of recombinant technology. (DU: Ju-14)
218 Biochemistry Paper: II
**
11. Mention the importance of recombinant technology. (DU: Jan-22,Ju-14)
12. Give the steps of biological cloning. (DU: Ja-13)
**

***
13. Name 4 technique of recombinant DNA. (DU: Oct-21,M-15)
***
14. Give the requirements of replication. (DU: Ja-22,Oct-21,Nov-19, M-19/18/17)
Or, Mention the raw materials for DNA replication. (DU: Nov-15)
***
15. Mention the feature of replication. (DU: M-19, Nov-19/18/15, Ju-15)
Or, Enumerate the salient features of replication. (DU: M-20)
Or, Briefly outline the features of replication. (DU: M-18)
***
16. Give the importance of replication. (DU: M-18/17)
***
17. Define biological cloning. Mention the steps of biological cloning. (DU: M-18)
***
18. Write down the properties of a vector. (DU: M-18)
*** 19. Write short note on:

i) DNA library (DU: Jan-22,May-20)

ii) Recombinant DNA technology (DU: Nov-17,Ja-12, JU-07)
iii)Okazaki fragment (DU: May-20)
iv) Vector, (DU: Ju-14)
v) Cloning. (DU: Ja-09)
vi) Metaphor. (DU: Ja-15/14)

Transcription & Post-Transcriptional Modification

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. What is transcription? (DU: M-20/15, Ja-11/10/09, Ju-12/07/00)
Or, Define transcription.(DU: Oct-21,Nov-17)
Or, Define transcription and translation. (DU: Nov-18)
***
2. Steps of transcription. Write in brief on its initiation process. (DU: M-20)
*** 3. Define RNA polymerase. (DU: Nov-17)
*** 4. What do you mean -10/09)
***
5.
Mention
the
change
post
thattranscriptional
occur
in Ja mRNA
modification
after of RNA.
transcription
.
( DU
(DU:
: Ja
- M-16/15,
15
)
*** 6. State the post transcriptional modification of mRNA (DU: Oct-21,M-16/15, Ju-12)
Or, Give the post transcriptional modification of mRNA. (DU: Nov-17)
** 7. Write down the post transcriptional modification of primary protein. (DU: Ju-13)
**
8. Briefly discuss about post transcriptional modification. (DU: Oct-21,Ju-11, Ja-11)
***
9. What do you mean by primary transcript? (DU: M-18)
***
10. Write about the post transcriptional modification of newly synthesized mRNA & tRNA. (DU:
M-18)

Or, How primary transcript is modified to from a mature mRNA.. (DU: M-19)
*** 11. Write short notes on:
i) Reverse transcription. (DU: Jan-22)
ii) post transcriptional modification. (DU: Oct-21,Ju-06)
iii) Transcription. (DU: Nov-16)

Translation and Post-Translational Modification

Exclusive Questions:
***
1. What is translation? (DU: Jan-22/15/14,,Nov-17/6,Ju-10/09/07)
*** 2. Steps of translation. (DU: M-20)
***
3. Mention the requirements of initiation of translation in eukaryotes. (DU: M-16, Ju-14)
***
4. What are the components required for translation. (DU: M-20/16, Ju-10/09/07, Ja-09)
** 5. Enumerate the raw materials for translation. (DU: Ja-12)
 Biochemistry Paper : II 219

Or, Briefly discuss the raw materials for protein synthesis. (DU: Nov-19, M-17)
** 6. Define post-translational modification. (DU: Ja-14)
*** 7. Briefly discuss post translational modification. (DU: Jan-22/15,Nov-17)
*** 8. State the role of vitamins in post translational modification. (DU: M-19/17)
** 9. Write about post translational modification. (DU: Ja-11/08/06, Ju-09/07)
Or, Write about post translational modification of a polypeptide chain. (DU: Nov-18)
*** 10. Difference between Replication & Transcription. (DU: Jan-22)
11. Enumerate different post translational modification. (DU: Ja-14, M-16)
***

**
12. Give two examples of post translational covalent modification. (DU: Ja-12)
13. What do you mean post translational covalent modification of protein synthesis. (DU: Nov-19/16)
***

*** 14. Give the example of hydroxylation & carboxylation. (DU: Nov-15)
**
15. Write short notes on :
i) Post translational modification. (DU: Ja-13, Ju-06)
More Questions:

* 1. Discuss the process of translation. (DU: Ju-08)

** 2. How newly Synthesized protein is modified after translation. (DU: Ju-10)

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. Define PCR. (DU: M-19/16, Ja-15/14)
** 2. What is polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (DU: Nov-18,Ja-12/10, Ju-13/12/08)
** 3. Write down the steps of PCR. (DU: Ja-22/15/14/12,Oct-21,Ju-13/11/08)
*** 4. Give importance of PCR. (DU: M-20/19, Ja-15/12/10, Ju-13/12/11/07)
** 5. Give the uses of PCR in medicine. (DU: Ja-14)
Or, Mention the biomedical importance of PCR.(DU: M-17)
*** 6. Difference between biological PCR and cloning. (DU: M-16)
Or, Differentiate PCR and biological cloning. (DU: M-20/19/17)
***

7. Write about requirements, steps and importance of PCR. (DU: Nov-18)

Or, State the principle, requirements and importance of PCR. (DU: M-18)
** 8. Write short notes.
i) PCR. (DU: Nov-19, Ju-10/09, Ja-08)
ii) Biotechnology. (DU: M-18)
More Questions:
* 1. What is the technique at PCR. (DU: Ja-06)

DNA & RNA

**

1. What are the building blocks of DNA. (DU: -Ju-10, Ja-09)

*** 2. State the salient features of structure of DNA. (DU: Ju-14)
** 3. Draw & label the structure of DNA. (DU: Ja-11)
***
4. Draw the Watson crick model of DNA. (DU: Jan-22,Nov-16, Ju-15/11)
Or, Show the watson-Crick model of DNA. (DU: Nov-17)

*** 5. How DNA is organized to form chromosome. (DU: Jan-22,Nov-19/17/16, Ju-11/10)

*** 6. Write about the structural organization of DNA into chromosome. (DU: Ja-06)
** 7. Give the functions of DNA. (DU: Ju-14)
***
8. What is central dogma? (DU: M-20/19/18/17/16, 06, Ju-13)
*** 9. Importance and exception of central Dogma. (DU: May-20)
*** 10. Briefly describe the organization of DNA. (DU: Jan-22,Nov-16)
**
/7

11. What are the building blocks of RNA? (DU: Ju-10/09, Ja-09)
220 Biochemistry Paper: II
**
12. Classily RNA. (DU: Ja-11, Ju-10)
13. Name the types of RNA, (DU: Oct-21,M-16, Ju-11, Ja-08)
***

Or, What are the types of RNA. (DU: Nov-19, M-17)

14. Draw and label RNA & describe it. (DU: Ju-10)
**

***
15. Draw & label the structure of tRNA. (DU: Jan-22,Oct-21,Nov-16, Ju-11/09)
***
16. Mention the functions of each type of RNA. (DU: Jan-22/11,Oct-21,Nov-19, M-17/16/15)
***
17. Give the functions of tRNA, (DU: Ja-15)
***
18. Give the features of tRNA. (DU: Nov-18/17)
***
19. What are the raw materials for protein synthesis. (DU: Nov-17)
***
20. Differentiate DNA & RNA. (DU: Jan-22/15,Oct-21,Nov-19/18/17/16, M-19/18,Ju-09/06)
*** 21. Enumerate different types of RNA with their functions. (DU: M-19/18)
*** 22. Define chromosome. (DU: M-18)
*** 23. Write short notes on:
i) What is a polysome. (DU: May-20)
ii) Metaphase chromosome. (DU: Ja-15/14)
iii) RNA. (DU: Ja-14)
iv) Covalent modification of protein Synthesis. (DU: Nov-16)

Mutation & Genetic Disorder

Exclusive Questions:
*** 1. What is mutation? (DU: M-16, Ja-15/14/12, Ju-10/09/08)
Or, Define Mutation. (DU: Oct-21,M-20/19/17,Nov-19/18, Nov-17)
*** 2. Discuss on point mutation (DU: Nov-17)
*** 3. Define Mutagens.(DU: M-20/19, Nov-17)
*** 4. Classify mutation. (DU: Oct-21,Nov-18, M-19/17/16/15, Ja-15/14/12, Ju-10/08)
*** 5. Write about the effects of mutation. (DU: Oct-21,M-15, Ja-15, Ju-10/08)
*** 6. Mention different types of mutation with their consequences. (DU: Nov-19, M-18)
*** 7. Write the consequences of different point mutation. (DU: Ja-14)
Or, Give a brief description of point mutation. (DU: May-20,Nov-18)
***8. Why sometimes effect of mutation remains silent.
**
9. Mention the effects of point mutation. (DU: M-17, Ja-12)
***
10. Define genetic code. Give its characteristics. (DU: Nov-17)
**
11. Classify genetic disorder. (DU: Ju-12)
**
12. Enumerate the Mendelian disorders. (DU: Ju-14)
***
13. What is karyotype? (DU: Nov-16, M-15, Ja-16/14, Ju-12)
Or, What do you mean by karyotype? (DU: M-18)
**
14. What is down syndrome? (DU: Ja-14)
** 15. Give the biochemical basis of downs syndrome. (DU: Ja-14)
***

16. Give the karyotype of normal male, female, turner syndrome & down syndrome. (DU: Ju-12)
**
17. What is genetic disease? (DU: Ju-13)
**
18. Classify genetic disease with example. (DU: Ju-13)
*** 19. Write short notes on.
i) Mutation. (DU: Ja-10, Ju-11)
ii) Cell cycle. (DU: Nov-18/17, M-18/15/16, Ju-14, Ja-09)
iii) Karyotypes. (DU: Nov-17)
 221
Biochemistry Paper: II

UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA (SAQ)

University Questions of Biochemistry
First Professional MBBS Examination;

Answer any 7 questions from each group

Subj: Biochemistry:
First professional MBBS Examination of May & November,2021(held in January 2022)
Subject: Biochemistry; paper - II
GROUP-A

1. a. Name the proximate principles of food.

b. Calculate the energy value of a food containing 110 gm of protein, 70 gm of fat and 300 gm of carbohydrate.
2. a. Enumerate the common nutritional disorders of Bangladesh
b. Differentiate kwashiorkor and marasmus.
3. a. Mention the fat soluble vitamins with their active forms.
b. Write the dietary source, function and deficiency features of vitamin A.
4. a. Define micromineral and macromineral with example.
b. Write down the dietary sources, RDA, functions and storage form of iron in our body.
5. a. Name the routinely measured serum electrolytes with their reference ranges.
b. Mention the total body water distribution of a 70 kg adult male. Enumerate the hormones that regulate water balance.
6. a. One patient has following laboratory results- Serum creatinine 2.5 mg/dl, urine creatinine 100 mg/dl and
urine flow rate 2 ml/min,Calculate creatinine clearance rate of the patient and comment on the result.
b. Define diuresis. Differentiate between osmotic and water diuresis.
7. a. What is anion gap Classify anion gap with example.
b. Write down the primary defect of metabolic alkalosis. How it is being compensated and corrected?
8.
Write short notes on:
a. Limiting pH b. Glycemic index
GROUP - B
9. a.Draw and level Watson and Crick model of DNA
b. Write down the differences between DNA and RNA.
10. a. Draw and level a tRNA
.
?
b.How DNA is organized into a chromosome?
12. a. Define genome, gene, genetic code and codon
b. Give the types and functions of codon with example.
13. a. State the differences between replication and transcription.
b. Write down the requirements and steps of replication.
14. a. What is recombinant DNA technology? Write down its importance in medicine.
b. Briefly state the steps of PCR.
15. a. What is translation?
b. Write in brief about the post-translational modification of m-RNA.
16. Write short notes on :
a.Reverse transcription b.DNA library.
First professional MBBS Examination of May,2021(held in October 2021)
Subject: Biochemistry; paper - II
GROUP - A

1. a) Name the water soluble vitamins with the active form.

b) Mention the sources, functions and deficiency disorders of vitamin B1.
2. a) Define balanced diet. Name the proximate principles of food.
b) What is BMR? Give its reference value. Name the factors affecting BMR.
a) Define PEM. Give latest WHO classification of PEM.
3. b) Differentiate between kwashiorkor and marasmus.100
4. a) Name the routinely measured serum electrolytes with their reference ranges.
b) Write down trans-membrane K-flux.
5. a) Give the body water distribution in a 70 kg male.
222
Biochemistry Paper : II
b) What is obligatory urine volume? Give its importance.
6. a) Define trace elements. Give their examples.
b) Write
the functions and deficiency disorders of three trace elements.
7. a) Classify simple acid base disorders with their primary defects.
b) Write down the causes and correction of simple respiratory acidosis.
8. Write Short notes on:

a) Anion gap b) Limiting pH

GROUP - B

9. a) Define gene, genome and genetic code.

b) What is nucleotide? Give its importance.
10. a) What is nucleic acid? Give its function.
b) Write down five important differences between DNA and RNA.
11. a) Define transcription and post-transcriptional modification.
b) Write in brief about post-transcriptional modification of mRNA.
12. a) Name the types of RNA with functions of each.
b) Draw & label a transfer RNA (T-RNA)
13. a) What is replication?
b) Write down the requirements and steps of replication of prokaryote gene.
14. a) What is recombinant DNA technology? Give its importance.
b) Write about the steps of PCR.
15. a) Define and classify mutation.
b) Write about the effects of point mutation.
16. Write short notes on:
a) Post-translational modification. b) Nitrogen base.
First professional MBBS Examination of May & November,2020(held in Feb'2021)
Subject: Biochemistry; paper - II
GROUP-A
1. a) Define food, nutrition, diet and balanced diet.
b) What is BMR? Give its reference value. Name the factors affecting BMR.
2. a) Write down the active co-enzyme form of water soluble vitamins. Differentiate between fat soluble vitamins
and water soluble vitamins.

b) Mention the sources, functions and deficiency disorders of ascorbic acid.

3. a) Name the routinely measured electrolytes in ECF with their reference ranges.
b) Briefly discuss sodium homeostasis.
4. a) Define PEM. Give latest WHO classification of PEM.
b) What is obesity? Mention the consequences of obesity.
5. a) Classify acid base disorders with examples.

6.
b) Write down the causes, compensation and correction of simple metabolic acidosis.
a) Define macronutrients and micronutrients. Give their examples.
b) Write the functions and deficiency disorders of three trace elements.
7. a) Make a chart of daily water intake and output in an adult male.
b) What is water turnover? Give its importance.
8.
Write short notes on :
a) Anion gap b) Trans-membrane K* flux
GROUP - B
9.
a) Define nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid with examples.
b) Give the structure and functions of nucleotides.
10. a) Define genetic code.
b) State the properties of a genetic code.
11. a) What is transcription?
b) Write down the steps of transcription. Write in brief on its initiation process.
12. a) Differentiate cloning and PCR.
b) Write about the importance of PCR.
13. a) Write down the requirements and steps of translation.
b) What is a polysome?
14. a) Define mutagen and mutation.
b) Write in brief about point mutation.
15. a) What is central dogma? Give its importance and exception?
 Biochemistry Paper : II 223

b) Enumerate the salient features of replication.

16. Write short notes on :
a) Okazaki fragments b) DNA library
First professional MBBS Examination of November, 2019
Subject: Biochemistry; paper - II
GROUP - A
1. a) Define and classify vitamin.
b) Write the dietary sources and deficiency features of vitamin B₁2 and folic acid.
2. a) Name the proximate principles of food?
b) Mention the advantages and disadvantages of dietary fibers.
3. a) What are the different forms of calcium in blood?
b) Briefly describe the Ca++ homeostasis.
4. a) What is electrolyte? Write the reference value of major electrolytes in ECF.
b) State the renal regulation of serum K+.
5. a) Classify simple acid base disorders with their primary defects.
b) Why ketoacidosis develops in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?
6. a) Differentiate between water and osmotic dieresis.
b) What is obligatory urine output and limiting pH of urine?
1. a) Define and classify malnutrition.
b) Differentiate between marasmus and kwashiorkor.
8. Write short notes on ;
i) Water turn over
ii) BMI

GROUP - B

9. A) Define gene and genome.

b) How DNA is organized into chromosome?
10. a) What is nucleic acid? Give its functions.
b) Differentiate between DNA and RNA.
11. a) Define replication.
b) Write about post-transcriptional replication.
12. a) What the features and requirements of replication.
b) Write about post-transcriptional modifications.
13. a) What is codon and genetic code?
b) Write in short about protein synthesis.
14. a) Define mutation.
b) Discuss about types & effects of mutation.
15. a) What do you mean by post translational modification?
b) Write about covalent types of post translational modification with examples.
16. Write short notes on :
i) cell cycle
ii) PCR

First professional MBBS Examination of May, 2019

Subject: Biochemistry; paper - II
GROUP-A

1. a) Name the proximate principles of food.

b) Calculate the energy requirement of a female medical student.
2. a) Name the biochemical parameters to assess acid bade disorders.
b) Write down the causes of respiratory acidosis. How this condition is compensated by the body?
3. a) How body fluid is distributed in different compartments?
b) What is obligatory urine output & limiting p¹ of urine?
4.
a) How normal serum sodium level is maintained?
b) Differentiate between water diuresis and osmotic diuresis.
5.
a) Name the hematopoietic vitamins. Why are they called so?
b) Explain folate trap' by diagram.
6. a) Name the trace elements.
b) Write about dietary sources & functions of iron & iodine.
224
Biochemistry Paper : II
7. a) What are the different forms of calcium in blood?
b) How calcium is regulated in our body?
8. a) Write short notes on :
i) Visual
ii) Anion gap
GROUP B

9. a) Define nucleic acid. Give its composition & types.

b) Differentiate DNA & RNA.
10. a) What is central dogma of molecular biology?
b) Write the central dogma of molecular biology?
11. a) Write down the functions of different types of RNA.
b) Mention the role of vitamins in post translational modification with examples.
12. a) What is transmembrane K* flux? Write down the causes and consequences of hyperkalemia.
b) Define osmolar gap and water ternover.
13. a) Define PCR with its clinical importance.
b) What are the differences between PCR & biological cloning?
14. a) Define mutation & mutagens.
b) Mention the types of mutation. Why sometimes effect of mutation remains silent?
15. a) What is transcription?
b) How primary transcript is modified to form a mature m-RNA?
16. Write short notes on :

i) Cell cycle
ii) Restriction endonuclease.

First professional MBBS Examination of November, 2018

Subject: Biochemistry; paper - II
Group -A
1. a. What do you mean by plasma clearance and renal threshold?
b. How alkaline glomerular filtrate is converted to acidic urine?
2.
a. Make a water intake and output chart of an adult male.
b. What is water turnover? Mention its importance.
3.
a. Classify simple acid base disorders with their primary defects.
b. Write the causes and compensation of metabolic acidosis.
4.
a. Define hyponatramia with its causes.
b. Briefly discuss the regulation of sodium in ECF.
5. a. Define food, diet, nutrients and balanced diet.
b. Enumerate essential nutrients. Give the importance of dietary fibers.
6. a. Differentiate fat soluble vitamins and water soluble vitamin.
b. State the role of vitamin A on vision.
7. a. What do you mean by micro - minerals? Enumerate them.
b. Write about dietary sources, absorption and functions of iron in our body.
8. Write short notes on:
(i) Transcellular fluid
(ii) BMI
GROUP - B

9. a. Define nucleotide and nucleoside with examples.

b. Write the name of purine and pyrimidine bases.
10. a. Define transcription and translation.
b. Write about post translational modification of a polypeptide chain.
11. a. What is PCR?

b. Write about requirements, steps and importance of PCR.

12. a. Define and classify mutation.
b. Give a brief description of point mutation.
13. a. Differentiate DNA and RNA.
b. Give the features of t - RNA

14. a. Define gene, genome, phenotype and genotype.

b. What is genetic code? Give the characteristics of genetic code.
15. a. Define central dogma. Write the importance of replication.
b. State the requirements and features of replication.
 Biochemistry Paper : II 225

16. a. Write short notes no:

(i) Restriction enzyme
(ii) Call cycle

First Professional MBBS Examination of May 2018

Subject: Biochemistry Paper- II
Group -A
1. a. Define trace element.
b. Enumerate four (4) important micro minerals with their functions and deficiency disorders.
2. a. Write the chemical name and co-enzyme form of water soluble vitamins.
b. What is folate trap?
3. a. Name the antioxidant vitamins.
b. Mention the functions of different forms of vitamin A. State deficiency disorders of this vitamin.
4. a. Name the common serum electrolytes with their reference ranges.
b. How potassium is regulated in our body?
5. a. Classify simple acid base disorders with their primary defect.
b. State the role of kidney in acid base balance.
6. a. Calculate the distribution of body fluid in different compartments of a 70 kg adult male.
b. Write in short about transcellular fluid.
7. a. Mention the factors that are considered during formulating balanced diet for a particular person.
b. What do you mean by thermogenic effect of food and Glycemic Index?
8. Write short notes on:
i) protein energy malnutrition ii) Anion gap.
GROUP-B

9. a. Enumerate the nitrogenous bases with their end product of metabolism.

b. Differentiate DNA and RNA.
10. a. mention different types of mutation with their consequences.
b. What do you mean by karyotype?
11. a. Define biological cloning. Mention the steps of biological cloning?
b. Write down the properties of a vector.
12. a. What is mean by RFLP?
b. State the principle, requirements 2nd importance of PCR.
13. a. What do you mean by primary transcript?
b. Write about the post transcriptional modification of newly synthesized mRNA & tRNA.
14. a. Enumerate different types of RNA with their functions.
b. What do you mean by central dogma?
15. a. Define chromosome, gene and genome.
b. Briefly outline the features of replication.
16. Write short notes on:
i) Biotechnology ii) Cell cycle.

First professional Examination of November-2017

Subject: Biochemistry Paper - (II)
Group -A
1. a. Write the active form of water soluble vitamins.
b. Give the functions and deficiency disorder of vitamin B₁2 and folic acid.
2. a. Show the flow chart of vitamin D synthesis.
b. Briefly describe the calcium homeostasis.
3. a. Make a daily water intake and output chart of an adult.
b. Define diuresis? What are the types of diuresis? Give example.
4. a. Calculate calorie requirement of a lactating mother.
b. Give the features of calorie deficiency of a child.
5. a. Name the body water compartments with their volume of an adult male.
b. Name the measured and calculated parameters of acid base disorders with their normal value.
6. a. Write down the causes of metabolic acidosis. How metabolic acidosis is compensated.
b. Write hormonal regulation of blood sodium level.
7. a. Define diet? give the criteria of balance diet.
b. Name the proximate principles of food. Mention the importance of dietary fibers.
8. Write short notes on :
a. Trace elements
226 Biochemistry Paper : II
b. Visual cycle.
Group -B
1. a. Defferentiate DNA and RNA.

b. Give the structures of tRNA.

2. a. Define translation. What are the raw materials for protein synthesis?
b. Write on post translational modification.
3. a. Define genetic code. Give characteristics.
b. Write on recumbinant DNA technology.
4. a. What is replication? Give its features.
b. Define leading strand and lagging strand of DNA.
13. a. How DNA is organized in chromosome.
b. Show the Window-cycle model of DNA.
14. a. Define transcription and RNA polymerases.
b. Give the post transcriptional modificational of mRNA.
15. a. Define mutation and mutagen.
b. Discuss on point mutation.
16. Write short notes on :

a. Cell cycle
b. Karyotypes.

Frist professional MBBS Examination May-2017

Subject: Biochemistry Paper - (II)
Group -A
1. a. Name the fat soluble vitamins with their active form

b. Give the sources, functions and deficiency feature of vitamin A

2. a. Define BMR and BMI
b. Mention the factors affecting BMR and give prerequisites to measure BMR
3. a. Classify malnutrition with example.
b. Differentiate Marasmus and kwashiorkor.

4. a. Classify simple acid base disorders with their primary defect.

b. Give the pathogenesis of metabolic acidosis in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and prolonged starvation.
5. a. What is water turn over? Mention its importance.
b. What is osmolar gap? Briefly describe body fluid regulation in hyperosmolarity of blood.
6. a. What is Trans membrane K efflux? How kidney maintains serum K+ level?
b. Write down the causes and consequence of hyperkalemia.
7. a. Define micronutrient with example.
b. give the functions of iron, iodine and zinc.
8. Write short notes on:
a. Nitrogen balance
b. Scurvy
Group-B
9. a. Define nucleotide and nucleoside .Give their structures.

b. Mention the importance of nucleotide.

10. a. Briefly discuss the raw materials for protein synthesis
b. State the role of vitamins in post translational modification
.

12.
b.b
a
.
WriteGive
What
down
is
the thecentral
post transcriptional
requirements
dogma
? mRNA
and
replication
Givethefeatures
modification
of importance
ofre.poflication
.

13. a. Differentiate PCR and biological cloning.

b. Mention the biomedical importance of PCR.
14. a. Briefly describe cell cycle.
b. Define and classify mutation. Give the effect of point mutation.
15. a. What are the requirements for synthesis of purine bases? What do you mean by salvage pathway of purine
synthesis?
b. What is genetic code? Give the features of genetic code.
16. Write short notes on:
a. Neucleosomes
b. Metaphase chromosome
 227
Biochemistry Paper : II

1st Professional MBBS Examination of November, 2016

Subject: Biochemistry Paper II
Group A
1. a. Name the water soluble vitamins with their active form.
b. Mention the sources, function and deficiency disorders of vitamin B]2
2. a. What are the biochemical parameters to assess acid base disorders? Write note on an anion gap
b. Write down the causes of metabolic acidosis. How this condition is compensated by the body?
3. a. How blood calcium level is regulated?
b. What are the deficiency disorders of 1,25-dihydroxy cholecalciferol?
4. a. Distribute total body water with volume of an adult male of 70 Kg.
b. Make per day water intake and output chart for an adult.
5. a. Give the normal value of major electrolytes in ECF.
b. Write down the causes and consequence of hyperkalamia.
6. a. Define food and diet. Give the criteria of a balanced diet.
b. Enumerate the proximate principles of food. What do you mean by SDA?
7. a. State the role of kidney to regulate acid base balance.
b. Briefly discuss the hormonal regulation of serum Na* and serum K*.
8. Write short notes on: a) Water intoxication, b) Protein energy malnutrition.
GROUP-B

9. a. What is nucleic acid? Give its composition and types,

b. Differentiate DNA and RNA.
10. a. Define gene, genome and genetic code.
b. Write down the characteristics of genetic code.
11. a. Give the features of t-RNA.
b. State the properties of replication.
12. a. What is translation? Write on covalent modification of protein synthesis,
b. What do you mean by recombinant DNA technology? Give example of it?
13. a. Draw and level Wartson Crick model of DNA.

b. Briefly describe organization of DNA.

14. a. Discuss the steps of polymerase chain reactions,
b. Mention the biomedical importance of PCR.
15. a. Name the bases of purine and pyrimidine.
b. How purine bases are formed?
16. Write short note on: a) Transcription b) Karyotype.
1st Professional MBBS Examination of July, 2016
BIOCHEMISTRY (PAPER -II)
Group - A
1.
a. Define and classify vitamins.
b. Give the sources and function of vitamin - K.
2.
a. Define BMR. Give the use and precondition to measure BMR.
b. Mention the factors affecting BMR.
3. a. Name the common nutritional disorders in Bangladesh,
b. Differentiate between marasmus and kwashiorkor.
4. a. Name the antioxidant vitamins. Give the functions of ascorbic acid, b. Write on visual cycle.
5. a. Name the simple acid base disorders with their primary defect, b. Give the causes of metabolic acidosis. How
?
a. Name the fluid compartments with their volume of an adult male of 70 kg.
b. Discuss ADH mechanism to maintain water balance.
7.
a. Write the renal handling of potassium.
b. Give the causes and consequence of hyperkalaemia.
8. Write shod notes on: a. SDA b. BMI

GROUP-B
9. a. What is nucleotide? Give its structure, b. Mention the functions of nucleotide.
10. a. What are the types of RNA? Give their function, b. Write on post transcriptional modification
11. a. What is mutation? Classify it.
b. Write about the effect of point mutaion.
12. a. What is PCR? Give its requirements.
b. Mention the steps and importance of PCR.
13. a. Define replication, transcription and translation,
228
Biochemistry Paper : II
b. Write on covalent modification of post translation.
14. a. Give the Watson's and Crick model of DNA. b. Define genotype and phenotype.
15. a. Define Genetic Code. Give it features.
b. What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
16. Write short notes on: a. Cell cycle
b. Restriction enzyme
May 2016: BIOCHEMISTRY (PAPER -II)
Group-A
1. a. Define and classify vitamins.
b. Give the biochemical functions of vitamin-C
2. a. Define BMR and BMI.
b. Mention the factors affecting BMR.
3. a. Write about transmembrane K* flux
b. Calcitriol is a hormone - explain.
4. a. Classify simple acid base disorders with their primary defect,
b. Ketoacidosis is a fate of uncontrolled DM - explain.
5. a. Name the essential nutrients.

b. Write the advantages and disadvantages of dietary fibers.

6. a. How normal serum Na level is maintained?
b. Differentiate between water and osmotic diuresis.
7. a. How body fluid is distributed in the different compartments?
b. What is water turn over? Mention its importance.
8. Write short notes on: a) Trace element b) Folate- trap.

GROUP-B
9. a. Define nucleotide. Give its chemical structure,
b. Give the important functions of nucleotide.
10. a. What are the types of UNA? Give their function.
b. Write down the post transcriptional modification of m-RNA.
11. a. What is base excess? Write down the causes and compensation of metabolic acidosis. b. Make a water intake
and output chart for adult.
12. a. Define genetic code and write its properties.
b. What is mutation? Mention different types of point mutation.
13. a. Define translation. List the requirement of translation,
b. State different types of posttranslational modifications.
14. a. What is PCR? Give its applications.
b. What are the difference between PCR and biological cloning.
15. a. What do you mean by limiting PH?
b. How alkaline glomerular filtrate is converted into acid urine.
16. Write short notes on: a) Central dogma b) Cell cycle

First Professional MBBS Examination; January-2016

Subj: Biochemistry: Paper-II
GROUP-A
1.
a. Name the vitamin B-complex with active form,
b. Mention the function of vitamin B₁2 & folic acid.
2.
a. Enumerate the proximate principles of food,
b. Give the importance of dietary fibers.
3.
a. How active form of vitamin D is synthesized in the body?
b. Mention the role of vitamin D in Ca²+ homeostasis.
4.
a. Define and classify acidosis. What is anion gap?
b. Name the four clinical conditions where high anion gap metabolic acidosis occur.
5.
a. Name the commonly measured serum electrolytes with reference value,
b. Write a water intake and output chart for an adult
6.
a. Name the common nutritional disorders present in Bangladesh,
b. Differentiate marasmus and kwashiorkor,
7.
a. Define and classify diuresis with example,
b. What is water turn over? Give its importance.
8. Write short notes on: a) Trace elements, b) Transmembrane K* flux.
 229
Biochemistry Paper : II
GROUP-B
9. a. Define and classify nucleic acid.
b. Write down the difference between DNA and RNA.
10 a. Define gene, genome and genetic code,
b. Give the characteristics of genetic code.
11 a. What is translation? Enumerate the raw materials for translation
b. Write about the covalent modification after translation.
12. a. Give a structure of triphosphate nucleotide.
b. State the functions of nucleotide.
13. a. Name the nitrogenous bases. What are the requirements for purinc synthesis?
b. What is codon? Write down initiation and slop codons.
14. a. What is replication? Give the features of replication,
b. Write on central dogma.
15. a. What is polymerase chain reaction? Give its importance.
b. Differentiate PCR and biological cloning.
16. Write short notes on: a) Karyotype b) t-RNA
First Professional MBBS Examination; November-2015
Subj: Biochemistry : Paper-II
Group-A
1. a. Name the water soluble vitamins with their active form.
b. Write the deficiency features of vitamin B₁2 and folic acid
2. a. What are the proximate principles of food?
b. Mention the importance of dietary fibers.
3. a. How vitamin D is synthesized in the body?
b. Briefly describe the Ca²+ homeostasis.
4. a. Name the parameters to assess the acid disorders. What is anion gap?
b. Give four important causes of metabolic acidosis. How metabolic acidosis is compensated.
5. a. Write down the reference value of major electrolytes in ECF¹.
b. State the renal regulation of serum K* concentration.
6. a. Define and classify malnutrition.
b. Differentiate marasmus and kwashiorkor.
7. a. State how¹ normal water balance is maintained in a adult person.
b. What is obligatory urine output and limiting pH of urine?
8. a. Write short note on: a) Visual cycle b) Transcellular fluid.
Group-B
9. a.What is nucleic acid? Give its function.
b. Differentiate DNA and RNA.
10. a. Name the raw materials required for DNA replication.
b. Give the features of replication.
11. a. Define gene, genome and genetic code.
b.What do you mean by redundancy of genetic code? Give example.
12. a. Enumerate the post translational modifications. Given the example of hydroxylation and carboxylation.
b. State the features of t-RNA.
13. a. Define mutation. What are the types of mutation?
b. Write down the effect of point mutation.
14. a. What is PCR? Write the steps of PCR?
b.Mention the importance of PCR.
15. a. Define plasma clearance, osmolar clearance and free water clearance.
b. State the role of kidney to maintain acid base balance.
16. Write short note on: a) Restriction enzyme b) Essential nutrients.
First Professional MBBS Examination; May-2015
Subj: Biochemistry : Paper-II
Group-A
1. a. Name the fat soluble vitamins with active form.
b. Give the functions of vitamin A and vitamin K..
2. a. Define BMR and BMI. What are the preconditions to measure BMR ?
3.
b. State the factors affecting the BMR.
a. Distribute the total body water in different compartment of a 70 kg adult male,
b. Make a water intake and output chart of a health individual.
4.
a. Classify simple acid base disorders with (their primary defect.

5.
b. State the renal aspect of acid base balance,
a. Name the major electrolytes in ECF. Give their normal value.
b. Briefly discuss the hormonal regulation of Na* and water balance.
6.
a Classify minerals. Name the essential trace elements,
b. Give the function of iron, iodine and zinc.
230 Biochemistry Paper : II

7. a. Define and classify diuresis.

b. How Cat level is raised during hypocalcaemia?
8. a. Write short notes on: a) Water turn over
b) Respiratory acidosis.
GROUP-B

9. a. Define nucleotide and nucleoside. Give their structure,

b. Enumerate the types of RNA with their functions.
10. a. Define transcription.
b. State the post transcriptional modification of m-RNA.
11. a. Give the biochemical functions of ascorbic acid, b. What is folate trap? Give its importance.
12. a. Define recombinant DNA technology. Name four technique of it.
b. Briefly describe the: cell cycle. translational modification?
13. a.b. Enumerate the raw materials for translation. What is postmodification.
Mention the role of vitamins in post translational
14. a. Draw and label Watson Crick model of DNA.
b. Differentiate PCR and biological cloning.
15. a. Define gene, genome and genetic code.
b. What is mutation? Classify gene mutation with its effect.
16. a. Write short notes on: a) Karyotype b) Iron metabolism.
1st professional MBBS Examination of January, 2015
Biochemistry: Paper-II
Group-A
1. a. Name the common nutritional disorders of Bangladesh. What is obesity?
b. Differenciate marusmus and kwarshiorkor.
2. a. Name the anti oxidant vitamins with their active form.
b. Mention the RDA sources, functions and deficiency disorders of ascorbic Acid.
3. a. Enumerate the trace elements.
b. State the functions and deficiency disorders of iodine, iron, fluride and zinc.
4 a. What are the proximate principals of food?
b. Mention the criteria of a balance diet.
C. Give the importance of dietary fiber.
5. a. Enumerate the parameters to assess the acid base disorders.
b. Why HCO₂ buffers called most important to regulate acid base balance?
c. Write on anion gap and base excess.
6. a. Enumerate the body fluid compartment with their volume.
b. Briefly describe water balance regulation.
7. a. Give the normal value of ECF components.
b. What are the hormones that regulated blood calcium level?
8. a. Write short notes on: a) Transmembrane K* flux b) Metabolic acidosis
Group-B
9. a. Define and classify nucleic acid. Give the functions of nucleic acid.
b. differenciate DNA and RNA.
10. a. Define translation.
b. Briefly discuss post translational modification.
11. a. What is mutation? Mention the types of mutation.
b. Write down the effect of mutation.
12. a. Define PCR. Write down the steps of PCR.
b. Mention its importance.
13. a. Define gene, genome and genetic code.
b. Give the characteristic of genetic code.
14. a. Classify metabolic acid base disorders. Write down the causes of metabolic alkalosis.
b. How acid base disorders are corrected.
15. a. Give the function of tRNA.
b. Mention the changes that occur in mRNA after transcription.
16. a. Write short notes on: a) Restriction endonuclease b) Metaphase chromosome.
 231
Biochemistry Paper : II

UNIVERSITY QUESTION (MCQ)

University of Dhaka
Multiple Choice Question (MCQ)
Full Marks - 20 Time: 30 minutes
All question carry equal marks
Fill up the "T" circle for True & "F" circle for False in the OMR sheetprovided.
First prof. MBBS Exam. of May & November, 11. Parameters for be diagnosis of acid base disor

FTTTF
ders are
2021(held in January'22) a. PO₂
Subject: Biochemistry; paper - II Τ b. PCO2
1. Heme containing proteins are Τ c. serum HCO.
T a. catalase Τ d. pH of blood
T b. hemoglobin e. serum calcium
T c. hemopoietin 12.Hormones acting on kidneys are

TEE
F d. hemosiderin Τ a. aldosterone
T e. peroxidase Т b. parathormone
2. Restriction endonuclease Τ c. anti diuretic hormone
T a. cleaves a DNA at its end
F d. progesterone
F b. cleaves mRNA
F e. erythropoietin
T c. cleaves DNA at its definite sequence Post transponal modification includes
13.
T d. is named according to source of origin Т a. trimming
e. is required in cloning

CHE FT
F
b. hydroxylation
3. Vitamins needed for RBC synthesis are Т c. splicing
F a. ascorbic acid d. glycosylation
T b. folic acid Т e. methyl guanosine capping
F c. nicotinic acid
14. Daily calorie intake depends on
EFTER

F d. pyridoxic acid a. basal metabolic rate

F e. retinoic acid
b. specific dynamic action of food
4. Positive nitrogen balance is found in Τ c. physical activity
T a. pregnant women d. economic status
F b. chronic illness e. vitamin requirement
!

T c. growing children 15. Point mutation

F d. kwashiorkor T a. is a single base substitution
F e. malignancy F b. has no effect on protein synthesis
5. Examples of transcellular fluids are T c. may occur due irradiation
T
a. cerebrospinal fluid T d. is the cause of sickle cell anemia
T b. fluids in intestine F e. is the cause of translocation
F
F
c. lymph 16. Following vitamins are stored in the liver
d. plasma T a. vitaminA
T e. synovial fluid T b. vitamin B12
6. Purine bases are c. vitamin D
FEIFT

T
Fa.cytosine d. ascorbic acid
T b.adeninc
[

e. niacin
in
is
17.

HCO3

increased
Serum

F c.inosine
F d.uracil a. metabolic acidosis
TTFF

Te.guanine b. metabolic alkalosis

7. The following are nucleosides Т c. compensated respiratory acidosis
F a.NAD. d. ketoacidosis
F b.NADP
T
F
c.uridine
d.CoA -e. respiratorywithalkalosis
18. Compared ICF, ECF has
a. a lower K+ concentration
.
a

+
b
¤- ¤- Å

Na
lower

concentration

Te.cytidine
8. Synthesis of purine bases needs c. a lower protein concentration
T a. aspartic acid d. lower pH
T b.carbon dioxide e. lower volume
by
is
19-

F
characterized
Peilagra

c.glutamate
. ¤TFTÅ

T d. glutamine a. dementia
F b. dental flurosis
e. asparagine
9. Insensible water loss occurs by Т c. diarrhoea
a. perspiration d. diplopia
T b. transpiration e. dermatitis
2T

T
0. TFFF

c. sweating Synthesis of RNA

F
d. defaecation a. is a conservative process
F e. micturation b. is a selective process
10. Calcium homeostasis is maintained by c. needs primer
F
a. 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol d. occurs in cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
F
b. calcídiol e. is a process of high fidelity.
T c. calcitriol
T First prof. MBBS Exam. of May; 2020(held in
d. parathormone
e. aldosterone October 21)
232 Biochemistry Paper: II

Subject: Biochemistry; paper - II F e) synovial fluid.

1. Pellagra is characterized by Ad 13. Genetically transmitted diseases include
T a) dimentia T a) hemophilia
T b) dermatitis F b) peptic ulcer
F c) dyspepsia F c) diabetes incipidus
T d) diarrhoea T d) sickle cell anemia
F e) depression Te) thalassaemia
2. Heme containing proteins are 14. Eukaryotic DNA replication
T a) catalase F a) is a conservative process
T b) hemoglobin T b) is a non selective process
F c) hemopoietin T c) polymerase is the major replicating enzyme
F d) hemosiderin T d) process starts in single point of origin
T e) peroxidase T e) needs primer
3. Target organs of vitamin D are 15. Synthesis of RNA
T a) intestine T a) is a conservative process
T b) liver T b) requires a gene
F c) bone Tc) is the first step of gene expression
T d)kidney T d) occurs in cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
F e) brain F e) is a process ofhigh fidelity
4. Macro minerals in our body are 16. Sense codons are
Ta) sodium F a) UAA
T d) calcium T b) UCA
T b) potassium T c) UCG
T c) magnesium T d) UCC
T d) phosphate F e) UGA
5. Vitamins that act as coenzyme include 17. The following are Nucleosides
T a) vit C F a) NAD+
F b) vit A F b) NADP
F c) vit D T c) uridine
T d) vit K F d) COA
Te) pantothenic acid Te) cytidine
6. Calculated osmolality is obtained by 18. Genes
Ta) [Na] T a) are always a fragment of DNA
F b) [K] Tb) are all expressed to protein
Tc) (glucose] T c) in some organisms may be a part of RNA
F d) [albumin] Td) mutation may or may not result in diseases
T e) (urea) T e) are arranged linearly in chromosome
7. Body water is regulated by 19. Restriction endonuclease
T a) ADH T a) cleaves a DNA end
T b) plasma osmolarity F b) cleaves mRNA
F c) tocin T c) cleaves a DNA at a definite sequence
T d) thirst
T d) is named according to source of origin
F e) LH
Te) is synthesized from bacteria
8. Osmotic diuresis occurs in 20. Polymerase chain reaction
F a) diabetes insipidus T a) amplifies a target DNA
T b) diabetes mellitus T
b) needs DNApolymerase
T c) loop diuretics use F
c) requires multigene primer
T d) mannitol infusion that T d) is used for diagnosis of Covid 19 infection
F e) cadmium toxicity San F
e) is an in vivo process
9. Negative nitrogen balance is found in
F
a) pregnant women
First prof. MBBS Exam. of May & November,
T b) chronic illness T90G 2020(held in Feb'21)
F
T
c) growing children
d) Kwashiorkor
Subject: Biochemistry; paper - II
1. Process of urine formation are
T
e) malignancy a. glomerular filtration
10. ECF differs from ICF in that its b. glomerular reabsorption

LTFREIA
F a) volume is lower Τ c. tubular reabsorption
T
b) pH is higher d. glomerular secretion
F c) tonicity is lower Τ e. tubular secretion
d) anions are mainly organic 2. Iron is
e) sodium potassium molar ratio is higher a. a constituent of non-heme enzymes
11. Vitamins needed for RBC synthesis

FEDLNRE
a) ascorbic acid
b. absorbed in ferric form
b) folic acid c. transport as ferritin
T d. stored as ferritin & hemosiderin
T

c) niacin
d) vit B12 e. lost from desquamated surface cells
e) riboflavin 3. Target organs of vitamin D are:
12.

Т a. intestine
Examples of transcellular fluid are F b. liver
c. bone T
a) cerebrospinal fluid. d. kidney
b) fluids in intestine. e. lungs
c) lymph. 4. Dietary fiber
d) plasma. a. decreases the incidence of constipation
 Biochemistry Paper : II 233

b. increases the absorption of cholesterol F

c. hepatic failure
c. decreases the absorption of zinc T d. pneumonia
d. decreases the incidence of diverticulosis
Fe

F e. uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

. helps in better control of diabetes mellitus 18. purine synthesis requires
S.

Kwashiorkor Т a. aspartate F b. citrate

a. occurs due to protein deficiency c. arginine F d. glutamate

BERTAFS
. occurs due to severe calorie deficiency e. Tettetrahydrofolate
. is less common in developing countries 19. Translation requires
. is characterized by hair changes Т a. mRNA

e. is characterized by muscle wasting T b. ribosome

c. topoisomerase
6. Calculated osmolality is obtained by T d. amino acyl- tRNA synthetase
T a. [Na] F b. [Ca
e. DNA polymerase
T c. [Glucose] T d. [Urea] 20. DNA is present in
Fe. [Protein] a. endoplasmic reticulum
1. Body water is regulated by b. mitochondria
T a. ADH F b. cortisol
c. nucleus
F c. oxytocin F
d. hypothalamus d. golgi apparatus
F e. PTH e. ribosome
8. Water balance is maintained by
a. osmolarity of blood First prof. MBBS Exam. of November, 2019
T
b. serum [K] Subject: Biochemistry; paper - II
F T c. serum[Na] Gene
F d. environmental temperature
e. calcitriol a. cannot be copied
F
b. is not a part of mRNA
9. Positive nitrogen balance is found in
c. can be lethal for organism
I a. pregnant women F b. chronic illness
d. cannot be modified by environment
T c. growing children F d. Kwashiorkor
e. has role in cellular activity
F e. malignancy
2. Vitamin D is essential for
10. ECF differs from ICF in that its
F a. volume is greater a. electrolyte balance

LFTNESRIO
b. calcium absorption
F b. pH is lower
c. mineralization of bones
T c. tonicity is lower
d. nerve conduction
T d. anions are mainly inorganic
T
e. motility of intestine
e. sodium potassium molar ratio is higher 3. ECF differs from ICF:
11. Central dogma of genetic information a. volume is greater
T a. was originally described by Mendel b. tonicity is lower
T b. does not include DNA replication c. Na K molar ratio is high
T c. may include synthesis of DNA from RNA
F d. pH is lower
d. includes translation
e. anions are mainly inorganic
F e. includes transfer of information from DNA to RNA to protein 4. Daily calorie in take of a person depends on
12. Down's syndrome is a. basal metabolic rate
T a. chromosomal disorder
b. economic status
T b. disorder of trisomy 21 chromosome c. physical activity
F c. an X-linked recessive disorder d. thermic effect of food
F d. an autosomal disorder
e. vitamin requirements
Te. a cause of single palmer crease 5. Metabolic acidosis is associated with
13. A gene determined characteristic it known as a. decrease serum bicarbonate
T a. trait F b. allele
b. decrease serum K
F c. mutant F d. chromosome
F e. zygote c. breath holding during compensation
d. paradoxical aciduria
14. Kidney function test includes
T a. creatinine clearance test e. renal failure
T
b. serum creatinine 6. Biological cloning
F c. serum lipid profile a. is a method of DNA amplification
F d. prothrombin time b. is a cell free method
F e. serum bicarbonate level c. needs restriction endonuclease
15. Synthesis of RNA d. needs primer
T a. is a conservative process e. does not require a vector
F does
b. not require a gene 7. Purine systhesis requires
Tc. is the first step of gene expression a. aspartate
F d. occurs in cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells b. citrate

e. is a process of high fidelity c. glucose

16. Restriction endonuclease Т d. glutamate
F a. cleaves DNA at its end e. tetrahydrofolate
Fb. cleaves RNA at its middle 8. Vita needed for RBC synthesis:
Tc. is an EcoRI from E. Coli Т a. ascorbic acid
d. cleaves DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence b. folic acid
Te. cleaves DNA at a palindrome sequence c. nicotinic acid
17. Causes of respiratory acidosis include
a. bronchial asthma Т d. pyridoxine
F b. renal failure e. retinoic acid
234 Biochemistry Paper: II

9. Nutritional anemia is caused by deficiency of T d. serum [Na] is decreased

F a. vitamin B12 T e. aldosterone activity in increased
T b. trace metal iron First prof. MBBS Exam. of May, 2019
T c. vitamin niacin Subject: Biochemistry; paper - II
F d. intrinsic factor of castle 1. Atoms of purine ring are contributed by
F e. calcitriol a. folic acid
10. Foods having low glycemic index include
b. glutamine
F a. glucose

LTFNS
c. alanine
T b. whole grain flour d. bicarbonate
T c. carrot
T d. oatmeal e. aspartic acid
F e. baked potato 2. Following are nucleotides
a. NAD
11. Mutagens are
a. benzene b. NABP
F
F b. dietary lipid c. Uridine
F c. ultra sound d. Co-A
T d. ultra-violet ray e. Cytidine
T e. X-ray 3. Metabolic acidosis is associated with
12. Regarding obesity : a. a decrease in serum HCO3
T a. the primary metabolic effect is dyslipidemia b. a decrease in serum K+
F b. risk factor of chronic diseases
F c. plasma leptin is normal for the fat mass c. breath holding during compensation
T d. serum triacylglycerol is low d. paradoxical aciduria
F e. BMI is less than 30kg/m² Τ e. impaired renal function
13. The process translation 4. Vitamins needed for maturation of RBC are
F a. occurs within nucleus T a. vitamin C
T b. helps in protein synthesis F b. vitamin A
c. requires aminoacyl t-RNA synthatase enzyme
d

T
c. Pyridoxine
e
.

F
F . needs no post translational modification
for
needs

protein
ribosome

synthesis

T d. folic acid
T
T e. cobalamin
14. Body fluid
5.

T a. is 60% of total body weight of an adult male Compared with intracellular fluid ECF has a
T b. compartment is divided into two major areas a. lower H cone.
E

SFTE
F c. in the peritoneum is part of ICF
b. greater osmolality
T d. varies with age and sex
c. lower K conc
F e. cannot be measured
d. lower Na conc
15. vitamins acts as co-enzyme in metabolic path
e. lower protein
FER

ways
6.

T a. thiamin Energy releasing DNA technology requires

T b. pyridoxel phosphate a. ascorbic acid
F c. biotin b. folic acid
F d. folic acid
c. nicotinic acid
F e. phylloquinone
16. BMR decreases in T d. pantothenic acid
F a. over activity of Na K* pump e. retinoic acid
F b. hypothyroidism 7. Reccumbinant DNA technology requires
LEFTERTE

F c. cold clímate

FZTBEIR
a. restriction
d. starvation
b. electrophoresis
e. fever
d. vector
17. Anion gap increased in
a. lactic acidosis / e. co-enzyme
b. keto acidosis 8. ECF hypotonicity leads to
c. hyperventilation a. cerebral dehydration
d. renal tubular acidosis
b. cellular over hydyation
e. persistent vomiting c. shrinkage of RBC
18. Causes of transmembrane K* influx
---------- FUTTE

Τ d. cerebral edema
a. insulin
b. acidosis Τ e. hemolysis of RBC
c. aldosterone 9. Factors increasing H* secretion in renal tubules
d. low serum [K] are

e. alkalosis T a. increased intracellular [K*]

19. Positive nitrogen balance occurs in F b. inhibition of carbonic anhydrase enzyme
a. growing children T c. increase aldosteroe
b. pregnancy T d. increase in PCO₂
c. diabetes mellitus
d. tuberculosis e. increase in (HCO3)
e. starvation 10. A genetic codon is
20. An increase in ECF osmolarity F a. a protein cap on the end of a chromosome
a. osmo receptors are inhibited T b. there letters 'word' in the genetic code
Т b. ADH secretion is stimulated F c. an 'accidental freeze' in time
c. thirst center is stimulated
 235
Biochemistry Paper : II

d. always acting as functional F e. magnesium

e. compatible to degeneracy property
11. Requirements of translation includes First prof. MBBS Exam. of November, 2018
T a. amino acid Subject: Biochemistry; paper - II
F b. primer 1. Anion gap is
T c. ribosome a. a gap between unmeasured anion & cation
T
F
d. t RNA
e. topoisomerase
12. A high blood potassium level
T a. occurs in acute renal failure
b. about 20 mmol/L
c. increased in lactic acidosis
d. always high in metabolic acidosis
e. decreased in renal failure
TF
Tb. follows severe crush injuries to the limb 2. Osmotic diuresis can occur in
F c. leads to enhanced cardiac function a. diabetes insipidus F

T
F d. increased skeletal muscle strength b. diabetes mellitus
F e. co-exist with diabetic keto acidosis c. high alcohol intake F
T
13. Factors that affect expenditure of energy are d. mannitol infusion
T
T a. BMR e. renal failure
F b. BMI 3. Compares with ICF, ECF has
T c. SDA of food a. a lower H concentration
F d. Climate b. a greater osmotic strength

FTA
F e. RDA c. a lower K concentration
14. Vitamin D is essential for normal d. a lower Na concentration
F a. electolyte balance e. a lower protein concentration
T b. calcium 4. Hyponatraemia occurs in the following condition
F c. nerve conduction a. hyperlipidaemia
T d. mineralization of bone b. severe diarrhoea
F e. motility of small intestine c. congestive cardiac failure
15. Denaturation of DNA d. hyperthyroidism
T a. means separation of two strands e. hypoglycaemia
T b. causes breakdown of phosphodiester bond 5. Normal serum level of
T
T c. can be done by temperature modification a. sodium is 135 - 140 mmol/L
T
F d. occurs more easily in GC rich region b. calcium is 9-11 mg/dl
F
T e. can be done by decreasing salt conc. c. potassium is 20 -28 mmol/L
F
16. Retinoic acid mediates d. bicarbonate is 10 -14 mmol/L
175 T
T a. promotion of growth e. chloride is 100-105 mmol/L
T b. differentiation of epithelial tissue 6. Causes of intracellular K* influx are
T
F c. formation of visual pigment a. insulin
F
F d. deposition of calcium in bone b. acidosis
T
F e. synthesis of retionoid specific RNA c. aldosterone
F
17. Chromatin d. chronic renal failure
T
T a. is the chromosomal material e. alkalosis
F b. is single stranded DNA molecule 7. Zinc
T
T c. contains both histone non histone protein a. is essential component of carbonic anhydrase
F
T d. has dense particles called nucleosome b. deficiency leads to goiter
F
F e. is tightly bound to histone. c. helps in iron absorption
T
18. Hypokalemia
d. is necessary for wound healing
T
T a. may occur in diarrhea e. should be supplemented following diarrhoea
8. Vitamin D
T b. is a feature of diabetic ketoacidosis
F c. contains both histone & non histone protei a. regulates plasma calcium and phosphate level F

T
b. is endogenously synthesized
T d. can occur due to diuretic therapy c. does not act like a hormone F

T e. occurs in Addison's disease F

d. deposits calcium on bone
19. Nutritional status can be assessed by T
e. active form is 1, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol
a. BMI

DTF RE
9. A raised level of calcium in the blood
b. BMR
a. may occur when parathyroid activity decreases F
c. DRI F
b. may occur when plasma protein level falls
T

d. Skin fold thickness T

c. may be caused by low calcitonin
T
e. Mid arm circumference d. increases excitability of nerve & muscle
20.

Unmeasured anion in plasma includes e. increases the risk of renal stone formation T

a. phosphate 10. Nucleotide acts in the cell as

F b. bicarbonate T
a. co-enzyme
T
T c. protein b. carrier protein
T
F d. chloride c. energy currency
236 Biochemistry Paper : II

d. enzyme F d. vector F
e. election transporters F e. nucleic acid probe T
11. BMR increases in
First prof. MBBS Exam. of May 2018
a. over activity of Na* K+ pump
Subject: Biochemistry Paper- II

TF T
b. hypothyrodism
c. cold climate 1. Daily calorie requirement of a person depends on
a. basal metabolic rate T
d. starvation
b. economic status F
e. fever
12. Vitamin C c. thermogenic effect of food T

a. is an antioxidant vitamin d. physical activity T

e. vitamin intake F
b. is synthesized by gut flora
2. In metabolic alkalosis
c. is found in animal source F
d. acts as co-enzyme T
a. ECF volume overload is a frequent finding F

e. needs for collagen maturation

b. respiratory compensation results in raised PCO₂T
c. prolonged vomiting may be a cause. T
13. Respiratory alkalosis
d. intravenous saline may be beneficial F
a. occurs in bronchial asthma F
e. K concentration (ECF) is high F
b. is compensated by kidney T
3. Nutritional deficiency diseases include
c. has higher PCO₂ than normal
d. causes high pH than normal a. megaloblastic anemia T
b. pernicious anemia F
e. occurs in hyperventilation
14. Metabolic water is derived from
c. endemic goiter T
d. beriberi T
a. carbohydrate T
e. haemochromatosis F
b. protein T
c. fat T
4.
Substances completely reabsorbed from PCT are
a. glucose T
d. vitamins F
b. sodium F
e. minerals F
c. potassium F
15. Transcription
d. amino acids T
a. is a process of gene expression F
e. bicarbonate F
b. is DNA directed RNA synthesis T
5. Nucleotides act in the cell as
c. forms two strand of DNA F
a. Co-enzyme T
d. needs modification of primary transcript T
b. carrier of protein T
e. occurs within ribosome F
c. energy currency T
16. Body fluid is d. enzyme F
a. relatively constant T
e. electron transporter F

b. varied depending on percentage of body fat T 6. The energy releasing vitamins are
a. Pantothenic acid
c. equally distributed in ECF & ICF compartment F

TF E
d. not essential for homeostasis F b. Tocopherol
e. regulated by calcitriol F c. Methyl cobalamin
d. Riboflavin
17. Kwashiorkor
e. Thiamin
a. occurs due to severe calorie deficiency F

b. causes electrolytes and water imbalance T

7. Nonvolatile acids of our body are produced in
a. anaerobic glycolysis F
c. is characterized by oedema T
b. citric acid cycle T
d. is characterized by monkey face F
c. respiratory chain T
e. is presented with enlarged liver T
d. ketogenesis F
18. Gene e. diabetes insipidus T
a. cannot be copied F 8. t-RNA

b. is a part of DNA T a. is double stranded F

c. transfers hereditary characteristics T b. can recognize and decode mRNA codon T

c. carries amino acids T
d. has a linear sequence of nucleotides
d. is the largest RNA F
e. has no role for protein synthesis
19. Followings are nucleosides e. travels from nucleus to cytoplasm is a cell T
9. BMR decreases in
a. adenosine T
a. over activity of Na* K* pump F
b. thymine F
b. hypothyroidism T
c. uridine T c. cold climate F
d. guanosine T d. starvation T

e. adenine monophosphate F e. fever F

20. Recombinant DNA technology requires 10. Plasma [K]

a. restriction enzyme T a. increases in tissue damage T

b. electrophoresis F b. decreases in renal failure

c. increases in acidosis F
c. chromatography F
d. increases in diarrhoea F
 237
Biochemistry Paper : II
e. decreases in insulin therapy T First Prof. MBBS Exam. of November-2017
11. Enzymes related to lipoprotein metaboism are Subject: Biochemistry, Paper-II
a. lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase T 1. Water soluble Vitamin
b. lipoprotein lipase T a. usually acts as a co-enzyme T

c. pancreatic lipase F b. all come from plant source F

d. Acyl-coA: cholesterol acyl transferase F c. does not show any toxic effect. T

e. acyl- coA synthetase F d. is essential blood clotting F

12. DNA replication F

e. requires carrier for absorption
a. is a process of high fidelity T 2. Neurological manifestations occurs in deficiency of
F
b. uses both the strand as template T a. Vitamin C
c. does not involve intron b. thiamine T
T
c. niacin T
d. is a conservative process F
d. vitamin A F
e. occur unidirectionally F
e. folic acid T
13. ECF osmolarity is regulated by
3. Retinoic acid mediates
a. ADH T
T
a. promotion of growth

TF
}
b. aldosterone T
c calcitriol b. differentiation of epithelial tissue. T
F
d. ANP
c. formation of visual pigment.
Τ F
d. calcium deposition of bone
e. growth hormone
e. retinoid specific RNA synthesis T
14. Ascorbic acid
4. Sodium is
a. helps in synthesis of collagen
a. secreted in the distal part of renal tubules F
b. helps in maturation of collagen F
b. the principal cation in ECF T
c. scavenges free radicals T c. involved in regulation of fluid balance T

d. helps in iron absorption T d. regulated by mineralocorticoids T

e. deficiency causes beriberi F e. a parameter for acid base balance F

15. Hypoosmolar hypervolumia occurs in 5. Zinc deficiency may leads to

a. drinking large volume of water F a. growth failure T

b. diuretic therapy F b.delayed wound healing T

c. congestive cardiac failure T c. hypogonadism T

d. cirrhosis of liver d. cretinism F

T
e. ricket F
e. nephrotic syndrome T
16. Zinc 6. Metabolic water is derived from
a. carbohydrate T
a. helps in iron absorption F
T
b. proteins
b. deficiency leads to gum bleeding F
T
c. fat
c. is necessary for wound healing T
F
d. vitamins
d. supplementation is given in children during diar e. minerals F
rhea T

e. is an essential component of transferrin

TFF 7. Metabolic acidosis
a. occurs in chronic renal failure. T
17. Active forms of different vitamins are b. is characterized by increased serum [HCO3-] T
a. cyanocobalamin F
c. is a consequence of anaerobic glycolysis F
b. pyridoxine F
d. is related with loss of gastric contents F
c. nicotinic acid F
e. leads to decrease PCO₂ in compensation T
d. ascorbic acid T Synovial fluid
8.
e. ß-carotene T
a. is a part of ECF. T
18. Post translational modification includes b. acts as lubricant T

a. 5' capping c. is devoid of butter F

FT E
b. trimming Τ d. contain mucopolysaccharide
c. splicing e. is a part of intercellular fluid T
d. hydroxylation Τ 9. Marasmus
e. phosphorylation a. occurs due to deficiency of protein intake F
19. Substances that are secreted by renal tubules are b. is common in post weaning period T
a. creatinine T c. causes distention of abdomen. F
b. glucose F d. causes loss of subcutaneous fat. T
c. amino acid F
e. differs from kwashiorkor by edema T
T
d. potassium 10. Calcium ions are required for
e. hydrogen ion T
a. coagulation of blood T
20. Substances absorbed by the terminal part of b. maintenance of pH of blood F
ileum are c. release of neurotransmitters T
a. fatty acids d. action of some hormones
b. vitamin B₁2 e. water volume regulation F
c. folic acid 11. DNA

d. amino acids a. carries genetic information

e. bile salt b. helps in protein synthesis
238 Biochemistry Paper : II

c. contain nitrogenous base uracil First professional examination of May - 2017

d. is present in mitochondria Subject: Biochemistry (Paper- II)
e. synthesis is a low fidelity process 1. Functions of Ascorbic acid include:
12. Vitamin B12 a. Synthesis of collagen tissue
a. is abundant in vegetables F b. Synthesis of bile acid in the liver
b. can be stored in the liver T c. Synthesis of steroid hormone in adrenal gland T
c. deficiency causes microcytic anemia F d. Takes part in acid base balance F

d. is required for RBC maturation e. Large amount acts as a denaturing T

2. Obesity:
e. is known as extrinsic factor T
a. Is a type of malnutrition T
13. Transcription b. Determined by BMR F
a. is a process of gene expression F
c. Increases insulin sensitivity F
b. is DNA directed RNA synthesis T
d. Leads to atherosclerosis
c. forms tow strand of DNA F
e. Causes gall stone formation T
d. need modification after formation of primary 3. Water balance is Influenced by
T
transcript a. Osmolarity of blood
T
e. occurs within the nucleus b. Volume of blood
14. Ribonucleic acid c. Serum K concentration F
a. has A, G, C & U bases d. Thyroid hormone F

TE T
F e. Environmental temperature
b. is synthesized from DNA in cytoplasm T

c. can act as a template for protein synthesis 4. Polymerase chain reaction

d. carries genetic information to daughter cell F a. Needs vector F

e. needs modification after primary synthesis b. Is a diagnostic procedure

15. The genetic diseases are c. Requires a DNA primer
a. down's syndrome T d. Is slower than cloning F

b. nephrotic syndrome F e. Can produce hormone T

c. turner's syndrome T 5. Biologically important nucleotides are:

d. wernick's encephalopathy F a. ATP T

b. ADP
e. kernicterus F
c. FAD
16. Water balances is influenced by
d. Cyclic
a. osmolarity of blood T
e. Cyclic
b. the hormone ADH T
c. serum K* concentration F
6. Effect of niacin in hyperlipidemia are
a. Decreases HDL- apo A- metabolism T
d. thermic effect of food F
b. Stimulates a key enzyme for TG synthesis F
e. environment temperature T
c. Increase free fatty acid mobilization from adi
17. Vitamins needed for posttranslational modifica
pose tissue F
tion are
d. Inhibits oxidative stress and vascular intensity/
a. vitamin C T T
genes
b. vitamin A F T
e. decreases secretion of VLDL and LDL particles
c. vitamin K T
7. Biological antioxidant is a function of:
d. Vitamin B6 F a. Beta carotene
e. Vitamin E F b. Ascorbic acid
18. Biological cloning c. Cobalamin
a. requires vector DNA and bacteria T
d. Tocopherol
b. requires restriction enzyme e. Calcitriol
c. is a in vitro process of DNA proliferation F
8. Iron absorption is decreases:
d. is a very quick process for DNA amplification a. In achlorhydria

TF T
e. needs thermo stable DNA polymerase b. When intestinal Ferritin is low
19. Restriction endonuclease
c. When plasma transferrin is low
a. cleaves a DNA at its end F
d. When erythropoiesis is more
b. cleaves RNA at its middle F
e. In vitamin C deficiency
c. cleaves a DNA at a specific nuclear sequence T 9. An increase in ECF osmolarity:
d. cleaves a DNA a specific nuclear sequence a. Stimulate osmoreceptor cells T

which is palindrome T
b. Stimulate aldosterone secretion
e. Is named according to the scientist who first dis c. stimulate ADH release
covered it. F
d. Causes dehydration of cerebral cells
20. Nutrients involved in reproduction is e. Increases urinary sodium
a. Vitamin K F
10. The kidney contributes acid base balance by:
b. alpha tocopherol T a. Secretion of ammonia

T FET
c. zinc. T
b. Reabsorb ion of bicarbonate
d. iron c. Excretion of urea
T
e. Vitamin A d. ADH mechanism
e. secretion of hydrogen ion
 239
Biochemistry Paper : II

11. Hyperkalaemia: First Prof. MBBS Exam. of November, 2016

a. is due to acute renal failure T Subject: Biochemistry Paper- II
1. BMR increase in -
b. Follows severe crush injury to limb T
a. hot climate
c. Has no effect on cardiac function F
b. old age
d. Coexist with acidosis T
c. starvation
e. Increases skeletal musicale strength F d. hypothyroidism
12. Genetic code: e. febrile condition
a. Is presented in the mRNA
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Fe) T
2. Retinoic acid mediate:

FT F
b. Consist of A, T, C & U
a.promotion of growth
c. Represents only amino acid b. Differentiation of epithelial tissue
d. varies species to species c. formation of visual pigment
e Is degenerative d. calcium deposition in bone
13. Thiamin:
e. retinoid specific RNA synthesis
Ans. a) T b) T c) T d) Fe) F
a. Helps in oxidation 3. Vitamins needed for of RBC are:maturation

FT F
b. Deficiency increases blood a. Vitamin C
c. Deficiency causes dermatitis b. Vitamin A
c. Folic acid
d. Deficiency affects peripheral nervous system T d. Vitamin B₁2
e Is abundant in refine carbohydrate e. Riboflavin
14. Metabolic acidosis is associated with: Ans. a) F b) F c) T d) Te) F
a. A decrease in serum HCO³ 4. Hormones that are regulating ECF volume and

TF T
b. A decrease in serum K* osmolarity include:
a.Epinephrine
c. Hyperventilation for compensation b. Renin
d. High anion gap always c. Cortisol
e. Diarrhoea T d. Aldosterone
15. Sodium: e. Atrial natriuretic peptide
Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Te) T
a. Maintains 50% osmolarity of blood F
5.
:
F
b. Is reabsorbed in renal tubule by ADH a. usually act as coenzyme
c. Is excreted by the influence of ANP T b. are stored in the liver
d. Is responsible for water balance T c. always plant origin
F d. usually have no toxic effects in excess dose
e Level in blood is influenced by insulin e. are lost from food due to faulty cooking process
16. Body fluid is: Ans. a) T b) F c) Td) Te) T
a. Relatively constant
T
6. Pellagra is charaterized by:
b. varied depending on person to persons body fat T a. dementia
F b. dental caries
c. distributed equally into two compartments
F c. diplopia
d. not essential for homeostasis d. diarrhoea
e Regulated by aldosterone and antidiuretic hor e. dermatitis
mone T Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) T
17. Calcium: 7. Definite evidence of simple acid base disorder are:
a. Exist in serum as ionized form T a. abnormal serum [HCO3"]
T b. abnormal Plasma anion gap
b. Acts as intracellular messenger
c. abnormal pH d. abnormal PCO₂
c. Is characterized by edema e. abnormal serum (K)
T
d. Is common in developed world Ans. a) T b) Fc) Td) Te) F
F
e is increased in chronic renal failure 8. Replication of DNA:
18. Kwashiorkor: a. uses only one standard as template
a. Occurs due to severe caloric deficiency F b. preserves the characteristics of species
b. causes electrolyte and water loss T c. occurs in the S phase of cell cycle
T d. requires post replication modification
c. Is characterized by edema e. occurs in the cell cytoplasm
F
d. Is common in developed world Ans. a) F b) T c) T d) F e) T (in prokaryote)
e. Is presented with enlarged liver and dermatitis T 9. Respiratory alkalosis:
19. Characteristics: a. occurs in obstructive lung disease
a. Carries message from DNA b. commonly seen hysteria
c. has higher PCO₂ than normal

B
b. Contain anti codon
c. Requires modification after synthesis
d. Acts as adapter molecule
e Is a part of gene
TF 10.
d. can not compensated by blood buffer
e. can coexist with respiratory acidosis
Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Te) F
RNA
20. The following can occur in rickets: a. is synthesized by translation
a. Soft tissue calcification
F b. can transfer amino acid to ribosome
T c. contain deoxy ribose sugar
b. Decrease in plasma calcium
c. Demineralization of bone
T d. carries genetic information
d. Decrease in plasma inorganic phosphorus
T e. contain nitrogenous base uracil
e Increased foundation of 1,25(OH,D) F Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Fe) T
 240 Biochemistry Paper : II
11. Zinc deficiency can lead to: First Prof. MBBS Exam. of May, 2016
a. hypogonadism
Subject: Biochemistry Paper- II
b. growth failure 1. Folic acid:
c. impaired taste activity
a. contain a glutamate residue
d. delayed milestone development b. is needed for the integrity of myelin
e. Protruded tongue c. is used to prevent neural tube defect
Ans. a) T b) Tc) T d) Fe) F d. acts as carrier of activated one
12. Plasma Ca levels are:
e. deficiency leads to pernicious anemia
a. regulated by PTH Ans. a) F b) F c) Td) Te) T
b. increased in vitamin D deficiency 2. Kwashiorkor is diagnosed by:
c. related with neural function
a. unilateral pitting oedema
d. decreased in chronic renal failure
b. severe muscle wasting
e. not depend on plasma albumin level
c. enlarged fatty liver
Ans. a) T b) F c) Td) Fe) F d. hypoalbuminaemia
13. Vitamins Bn:
e. depigmented hair
a. contains a corrin ring Ans. a) F b) F c) T d) Te) T
b. known as extrinsic factor
3. Positive nitrogen balance occurs in:
c. can not absorbed without intrinsic factor
a extrenous exercise
d. deficiency leads to microcytic anaemia b. growing children
e. deficiency is common in non vegetarian population c. recovery from illness
Ans. a) ? b) T c) Td) Fe) F
d. pregnant women
14. Transcellular fluids include:
e. advanced cancer
a. Serum
Ans. a) T b) T c) T d) Te) F
b. bile
4. Following hormones are related with Ca
c. CSF
homeostasis
d. synovial fluid
a. parathormone
e. lymph b. calcitriol
Ans. a) F b) F c) T d) Te) F c. cortisol
15. Metabolic acidosis:
d. calcitonine
a. is a consequence of uncontrolled DM
e. catecholamines
b. always related with decreased [HCO3] Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Te) F
c. is more common in vomiting of gastric content 5. Metabolic acidosis causes raises raise of:
d. usually associated with hypokeatamia a. [H]
e. is compensated by hypoventilation. b. arterial blood pH
Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Fe) F
16. Vitamin: c. [HCO3"] in the plasma
d. base excess
a. needs for post translational modification of
Factor-II e. anion gap
b. is synthesized in liver Ans. a) Tb) Fc) F d) Fe) T
c. is synthesized by intestine bacteria
6.
An increase in ECF osmolarity:
a. osmoreceptor cells are inhibited
d. deficiency is common in premature b. ADH secretion is stimulated
e. transmits from mother to baby through placenta c. thirst center is stimulated
Ans. a) ? b) F c) T d) Te) T
17. Body water is excreted out: d. serum [Na+] is decreased
a. by producing metabolic water e. aldosterone activity is increased
b. through inspiration Ans. a) F b) T c) T d) Fe) T
7. Sodium is
c. through perspiration
d. through feaces a. the principal anion in ECF
e. by accumulation in the interstitial space b. involved in regulation of plasma volume
Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) Te) F c. regulated by aldosterone
18. Gene: d. not related with body water volume
a. cannot be copied e. a carrier of glucose absorption
b. is a part of DNA Ans. a) F b) T c) Td) Fe) T
8. Body fluid is:
c. transfers hereditary characteristic
d. is a linear sequence of nucleotide a distributed into two main compartments
b. regulated mainly by antidiuretic hormone
e. has no role for protein synthesis c. not depends on sodium concentration
Ans. a) ? b) T c) T d) Te) F d. not affected by the percentage fat
19. BMI:
e. a good transport media for metabolites
a. indicate basal metabolic index Ans. a) T b) T c) F d) Te) T
b. is used as a marker of nutritional status 9. Regarding mutation:
c. is normal up 35 kg/m² a. itis a reversible change of base Sequence
d. is a ratio of height/weight b. frame shift mutation is disruption of reading
frame
e. is related with morbidity when 40kg/m²
Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Fe) T c. it have an impact on the genotype of an organism
20. High fibre diets: d. it have'an impact on the phenotype of an organism
a. reduce incidence of constipation e. misscence mutation is an example of point
mutation.
b. increase blood cholesterol
Ans. a) F b) T c) Td) Fe) T
c. have no role in diabetes control
10. Following are nucleosides:
d. help to absorption of zinc a. adenosine
e. are chemically non starch polysaccharide b. thy mine
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Fe) T c. uridine
 241
Biochemistry Paper: II
d. guanosine
e. adenine monophosphate
First Professional MBBS Exam. of July. 2015
Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) Te) F
Subject: Biochemistry, Paper-II
11. Functions of DNA are: 1. Vitamin synthesized within the body are:
a. to store genetic information a. vitamin - A
b. protein synthesis b. Vitamin -D
c. transfer of genetic information c. vitamin-K
d. maintain hereditary d. vitamin -B₂
e. stimulate ribosome to synthesis RNA e. vitamin -B12
Ans. a) F b) F c) Td) Te) T
2. Trace elements deficiency disorder are :
12. Nutritional status is can be assessed by: a. iodine deficiency goiter
a. BMI
b. BMR b. iron deficiency anemia
c. DRI c. night blindness
d. skin fold thickness d. nutritional ticker
e. waist hip ratio
e. megaloblastic anemia
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) F
13. Iron: 3. Biological antioxidant is a function of:
a. is absorbed in ferrous form from GIT a. beta carotene

b. is transported in blood bound to albumin b. calcitriol

c. absorption is facilitated by vitamin-C c. tocopherol

d. is stored in the body as ferritin d. retinal
e. excreted through bile
e. ascorbic acid
Ans. a) T b) T c) T d) Te) T
14. Parameters for acid-base evaluation include: 4. High fiber diets :
a. PO₂ a. reduce incidence of constipation
b. serum HCO3" concentration b. increase blood cholesterol
c. urinary pH
c. increase the bulk of stool
d. PCO₂
e. base excess d. increase the incidence of diverticulitis
Ans. a) F b) T c) F d) Te) F e. decrease zinc absorption
15. Unmeasured anions in plasma include: 5. ECF hypotonicity may leads to :
a. phosphate a. cellular over hydration
b. bicarbonate
b. cerebral oedema
c. protein
d. chloride c. crenation of RBC
e. magnesium d. cerebral dehydration
Ans. a) T b) F c) T d) Fe) F e. decrease activity of aldosterone
16. Hypokalemia 6. Synovial fluid is :
a. may occur in diarrhoea a. a part of ECF
b. is a feature of diabetic ketoacidosis b. a part of ICF
c. is a feature of metabolic alkalosis
c. a type of transcellular fluid
d. can occur due to diuretic therapy
e. occur in Addison's disease d. biological lubricant
Ans. a) F b) F c) T d) Te) F e. devoid of buffer
17. End products of pyrimidine catabolism include: 7. Kwashiorkor :
a. p-alanine a. occurs due to sever caloric deficiency
b. carbon monoxide b. is characterized by oedema
c. uric acid
d. ammonia c. occurs due to protein deficiency
e. 3-aminoisbutyrate d. is presented as a old man face
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Fe) T e. is characterize by hair change
18. Polymerase chain reaction: 8. Ascorbic acid :

a. is a method of DNA amplification a. helps in calcium absorption

b. needs no primer b. helps in collagen synthesis
c. is a cell free in vitro method
c. helps in iron absorption
d. is used to produce protein
e. is useful in disputed paternity d. deficiency leads to cretinism
Ans. a) T b) F c) Td) Fe) T e. helps in hydroxylation reaction
19. Transcription: 9. :
a. occurs in cytoplasm
b. both strands of DNA acts as template
Major
a
. Na
intracellular
are cations
b. K
c. is followed by modification
d. is a fully conserved process c. Ca

e. is a highly selective process d.Mg

) F c) Td) Te) T e. Cu
20. Recombination DNA technology requires:
a. restriction enzyme 10. Serum |HCO3] is increased in
b. electrophoresis a. metabolic acidosis
c. chromatography b. metabolic alkalosis
d. cloning vector c. respiratory alkalosis
e. nucleic acid probe d. compensated respiratory acidosis
Ans. a) T b) F c) F d) Te) T e. ketoacidosis
242 Biochemistry Paper : II

11. Metabolic acidosis: First Professional MBBS Exam. of May. 2015

a. occurs in chronic renal failure Subject: Biochemistry, Paper-IÏ
b. is characterized by decreased serum [HCO3] 1. Characteristic-features of mRNA includes:
d. is characterized by increased Pco2; after a. carries message from DNA
b. contain anti codon
compensation
e. is related with anion gap c. requires modification after synthesis
12. Atoms of purine are contributed by : d. acts as an adapter molecule
a. folic acid e. is not a part of gene

b. glutamine
2. ECF hypo-tonicity may lead to :
c. alanine a. cellular over hydration
b. cerebral oedema
d. bicarbonate
c. creation of RBC
e. aspartic acid
d. unconsciousness
13. DNA:

a. carries genetic information e. decrease activity of aldosterone T

3. True statement for Vit-B:
b. helps in protein synthesis
c. contains uracil
a. it can be synthesized in vivo
d. is present in mitochondria b. its source is green leafy vegetables.
e. contains ribose sugar c. its deficiency cause dermatitis
d. it is called extrinsic factor

c
14. Hormone regulating ECF volume and osmolality
. deficiency of it causes microcytic anaemia

:
D
is

for

normal
are:

essential
Vitamin
4.
a. aldosterone
b. Cortisol a. electrolyte balance
c. ANP b. calcium absorption
d. ADH
c. mineralization of bone

c. calcitriol d. nerve conduction

15. Characteristics features of m-RN A include: e. motility of small intestine
5. Compared with intracellular fluid, ECF has:
a. carries message from DNA
b. contains anti codon a. a lower H concentration

c. requires modification after synthesis b. a greater osmotic strength

c. a lower K concentration
d. does not act as adaptor molecule
d. a lower Na* concentration
e. is a part of gene
16. Water soluble vitamin : e. a lower protein concentration
6. Gene:
a. usually acts as a coenzyme
b. absorption needs carries a. cannot be copied
c. dose not show any toxic effect b. is not a part of mRNA
d. always stored in liver c. can be lethal for organism

e. easily excreted from the body d. can not be modified by environment

17. Genetic code: e. has role on cellular activity
a. are not universal in all form life 7. Are these statements about genetic code correct?
b. maintain the integrity of species a. it is degenerative
c. have no punctuation b. it is overlapping
c. it is non
d. is responsible for protein synthesis
e. is made up of four codon d. it is unambiguous

18. Energy expenditure of a person depends on : e. it is composed of four base codon

a. basal metabolic rate 8. Hyponatraemia occurs in the following condition:
b. body mass index a. hyperlipidaemia
b. severe diarrhea
c. physical activity
d. environmental temperature c. congested heart failure
e. immune system ofthe body d. hyperthyroidism
e. hypoglycaemia
19. Nueleotides present in the coenzyme are :
a. NAD 9. Are the following Karyotypes true?
b. FMB a. ovum: 23X
b. ovum; 46XX
c. coenzyme - A
d. coenzyme c. sperm: 23 Y
e. biotin d. sperm: 23X/23Y
20. Zinc deficiency can leads to : e. sperm: 46xy.

a. hypogonadism 10. The recognized association of obesity are:

a. hyperuricaemia
b. growth failure
b. depression
c. impaired test acuity
d. hoarseness of voice
c. gall stone
d. type 1 diabetes mellitus
e. staining of teeth
e. hypolipidaemia
 243
Biochemistry Paper: II
Factors that affect the expenditure of energy are: 16. DNA is denatured by:
a. BMR b. BMI a. heat b. alkali
c. SDA d. climate
c. acid d. pressure
e. RDA e. cold
The PH of: 17. A high blood potassium level:
a. arterial and venous blood are not same a. occurs in acute renal failure
b. blood is directly proportional to H* b. follows severe crush injuries to the limb
c. blood is directly proportional to HCO3+ c. leads to enhanced cardiac function
d. urine is depends on diet d. increased skeletal muscle strength
e. blood is directly proportional to PCO₂ e. may coexist with diabetic ketoacidosis
Folio wings are nucleus ides : 18. Extracellular fluid differs from 1CK in that its:
a. NAD¹ b. NADP a. volume is lesser
c. uridine d. CoA b. pH is lower
e. cytidine c. tonicity is lower
During compensation of respiratory alkalosis, d. anions are mainly inorganic
the following changes take place: e. Na - K* molar ratio is higher
a. Decrased H* secretion by renal tubules 19. Metabolic acidosis is associated with:
b. Increased excretion of Na in urine a. a decrease in serum HCO3"
c. Increased excretion HCO3" in urine b. a decrease in serum K*
d. Increased reclamation of HCO3 c. breath holding during compensation
e. Increased excretion of ammonia in urine d. paradoxical aciduria
Blood biochemistry shows the following changes e. impaired renal function
during compensated respiratory acidosis: 20. Vitamin C is required for the synthesis of:
a. Increased PCO₂ a. hydroxyproline
b. Increased HCO
b. norepinephrine
c. Decreased c. pyrimidine
d. Increased anion gap d. hydroxycalciferol
e. Decreased ed Base excess e. hydroxyllysine
244
Biochemistry Paper : II

TERM FINAL QUESTIONS OF DIFFERENT MEDICAL COLLEGES

Dhaka Medical College
Department of Biochemistry
2nd Term Final Examination (SAQ), Batch K-77
Group A
1. (a) Enumerate different digestive juices with their pH.
(b) Name the end products of carbohydrate digestion. How do they get absorbed in GIT.
2. (a) Name dietary lipids.
(b) Write the role of bile salts on lipid digestion and absorption.
3. (a) What is respiratory chain?
(b) Show the components, arrangements and site of ATP production in respiratory chain.Name three high energy phosphate compounds.
4. (a) Explain-"TCA cycle is an amphibolic pathway."
(b) How blood glucose is regulated? What is gluconcogenesis
5. (a)Define transamination with example. Give its importance.
(b) Write down the sources and fates of ammonia.
6. (a) What is B-oxidation? Write down role of carnitine shuttle mechanism.
(b) Calculate energy production from B-oxidation of a 18-Csaturated fatty acid.
7. (a) Name the ketone bodies. How ketosis is developed in uncontrolled DM?
(b) Give the metabolism of LDL in diagram.
8. Write short notes on: (a) HMP pathway (b) Reverse cholesterol transport.
Group-B
1. (a) Show the distribution of body fluid in different compartments in a 55 kg adult female.
(b) What is water turnover? Write its importance?
2. (a) Classify volume disorders. Write down the causes of isotonic volume contraction.
(b) Briefly describe the regulatory mechanisms of body water balance.
3. (a) Define transport maximum, renal threshold and plasma clearance.
(b) Briefly discuss acidification of urine.
4. (a) Name the classical parameters of acid base status of an individual with reference value.
(b) Write down causes, primary defect, compensation and correction of respiratory acidosis.
5. (a) What are the different forms calcium in plasma?
(b) Write down the regulation of body Ca2+.
6. (a) Define and classify dieresis.
(b) Write down the difference between osmotic diuresis and water diuresis.
7.
(a) What is transmembrane K+ flux? What are the factors affecting it?
(b) State the role of kidney in long term K* regulation.
8. Write short notes on:
(a) Anion gap (b) Hyponatraemia
Department of Biochemistry
2nd Term Final Examination (SAQ), Batch K-76
Group A
1. a) What is Respiratory Chain?
b) Show the components, arrangement & site of ATP synthesis of the chain in a flow chart.
2. a) Enumerate the digestive end products of starch
b) Write on carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption.
3. a) Why TCA cycle is called common metabolic pathway?
b) Briefly describe the amino acid pool
4. a) Define and classify glycolysis the importance of anaerobic glycolysis.
b) Calculate the ATP produ after complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose.
5. a) Name the ketone bodies. Write down the fate of ketone bodies.
b) "Ketosis develops in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus" - explain.
6. a) Briefly describe transamination and deamination with example,
b) Show the urea cycle with diagram.
7. a) Why HDL & LDL are called good & bad lipoprotein?
b) Write on emulsification.

8. Write short notes on: (a) Local hormones of GIT (6) HMP shunt.
Group B
9. a) Make a daily water input and output chart of an adult male.
b) Define & classify diuresis.
10. a) Name the major serum electrolytes with their normal range.
 Biochemistry Paper : II 245

b) State hormonal regulation of serum Ca

11. a) What is osmolar Rap?
b) Briefly describe body fluid regulation in hyperosmolarity of blood.
12. a) Classify volume disorders with one cause of each
b) Briefly describe isotonic contraction?
13. a) Enumerate the parameters to assess the acid base disorders.
b) Write on Plasma anion gap and Base excess.
14. a) What is water turnover and how it can be calculated?
b) Why water turnover is more in children?
15. a) Define GFR, renal threshold and plasma clearance.
b) Why glycosuria occurs in diabetes mellitus?
16. Write short notes on: (a) transcellular fluid (b) Metabolic acidosis.
Department of Biochemistry
1st Term Final Examination (SAQ), Batch K-75
Group A
1. Define pH and Buffer? Give the mechanism of buffer action.
2.
Define and classify carbohydrate with example. Differentiate between starch and glycogen.
Mention the difference between colloid and crystalloid. What is dialysis?
4. What is peptide bond? How it is formed? Give its characteristics.
5. Define and classify fatty acid Mention the importance of phospholipid.
6. What is enzyme? Give TUB classification of enzyme with example
1. Define isotope Mention the importance of isotope.
8. Write short notes on (i) GAG (ii) Coenzyme.
Group B
9. Define BMI and BMR. Mention the factors influencing BMR?
10. Name the hematopoietic vitamins with their coenzyme forms functions and deficiency disorder.
11. Classify PEM Differentiate between Kwashiorkor & Marasmus.
12. What is DRI (Dietary reference intake? Write short on the components of DRI.
13. Define Food and Nutrient. Dietary fiber is an essential nutrient- justify.
14. Define trace elements. State the function and deficiency disorder of iron and iodine.
15. Name endogenously synthesized vitamins. Give the sources, function and deficiency feature vitamin K.
16. Write short note on: (a) Visual cycle (b) Glycemic index of food.
Department of Biochemistry
2nd Term Final Examination (SAQ), Batch K-75
Group A
1. Define intermediary metabolism. Name the catabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism. Write down the
importance of HMP shunt pathway.
2. What is respiratory chain? Show the components, arrangement & site of ATP production of respiratory chain in
a flow chart, Name the inhibitors of the chain.
3. Enumerate the
ancreatic enzymes. Write down the role of bile salt in fat digestion & absorption.
4. Write down the sources and fates of ammonia. How urea is formed from ammonia?
5. Name the lipoproteins with their origin. Briefly describe the metabolism of HDL & its effect on health.
6. Define & classify glycolysis. State the irreversible steps in glycolysis. Write down the importance of anaerobic
glycolysis.
7. Name
the ketone bodies. State in short about formation & fates of ketone bodies.
8. Write short notes on: i) Amino acid pool ii) Local bormones of GIT.
GROUP-B

1. transcellular
Calculate thefluid.
distribution of body fluid in different compartments of a 60 kg adult male. Write in short about
2. Classify simple acid base disorders with their primary detects. Mention the causes and compensation of respira
tory acid base disorders.
3. Name the different forms of calcium in plasma with their percentage values. State in brief how serum calcium is
regulated?

What do you mean by trans-membrane K* influx? Enumerate the causes & consequences of hyperkalemia.
Define tubular load. plasma clearance. Renal threshold transport maximum, and limiting p¹ of urine.
5. Name the major electrolytes in ECF with their reference ranges. Briefly describe the hormonal regulation of
sodium in ECF.
Define & classify diuresis. Write down the differences between water diuresis & osmotic diuresis.
Write short notes on : i) Plasma anion gap ii) Water Turnover
246 Biochemistry Paper : II

DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
1ST TERM FINAL EXAMINATION BATCH-K'73
Group - A
1. Define p¹ and. Name the blood buffers. How buffer acts?
2. Define crystalloid and colloids with example. Mention 5 important differences between colloids and
crystalloids.
3. Classify carbohydrates with example. Give the biomedical importance of glucose.
4. Give the functional classification of protein with one example of each. How peptide bond is formed?
5. Define and classify fatty acid. Name the essential fatty acids & mention their importance.
6. What is isotope? Classify it. Give the biomedical importance of isotope.
7. Define enzyme & co-enzyme with one example of each. Explain the effect of pH & temperature on enzyme
action.

8. Write short notes on; i) Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) ii) Denaturation of protein

Group - B
1. Define diet & food. Calculate the energy requirement of a 60 kg lactating woman.
2. Name the vitamin B complex with their active forms. Mention the function & deficiency features of folic acid.
3. Classify PEM according to WHO. Differentiate kwashiorkor and marasmus.
4. Write the active form, source & functions of vitamin A. What is visual cycle?
5. Enumerate the anti oxidant vitamins. Give the source, functions & deficiency disorders of ascorbic acid.
6. Classify minerals. Mention the functions & deficiency features of zinc & iodine.
7. Write down the synthesis of solar vitamin in a flow chart. Justify- solar vitamin is a hormone.
8. Write short notes on: i) Dietary fiber ii) BMI

Department Of Biochemistry
2nd Term Final Examination Batch-K'73
Group - A
1. Name the Zymogens. Write down the important constituents of pancreatic juice. What is achlorhydria?
2. Name the anabolic & catabolic pathways of carbohydrate. Write down the differences between glucokinase and
hexokinase.

3. What is apoprotein? Mention the apoproteins with their functions. Write down the difference between apo B-48
& apo B-100.
4. What do you mean by emulsification of fat? Write in brief about the absorption of fat.
5. Define transamination with two examples. What are the fates of NH3?
6. Define glycogenesis & glycogenolysis. Citric Acid Cycle is called the common metabolic pathway-justify.
7. Name the ketone bodies. How they are synthesized in our body?
8. Write short notes on: i) Importance of HMP shunt b) Respiratory chain
Group - B
1. Write down the water intake and output chart for 24 hours. Children are more prone to dehydration-justify it.
2. Write the major electrolytes in ECF with their normal levels. Enumerate the causes of hyponatremia.
3. Define and classify volume disorders. Write down the causes of hypotonic volume disorders.
4. Name the classical acid base disorders. Enumerate three causes of each. Write the compensation & correction of
metabolic acidosis.
5. Write in brief about calcium homeostasis. What is bone buffer?
6. Define plasma Load, Transport Maximum, Renal Threshold, Plasma Clearance and Free Water Clearance with
examples.
7. How water balance is maintained in our body? What is water intoxication?
8. Write short notes on: a) Trans-membrane K* fluxb) Diuresis.
Department of Biochemistry
1st Term Final Exmination, 2015 (K-71)
Group-A
1.
Define buffer & conjugate base. Deduce the H-H-E with its importance.
2. Define & classify polysaccharide with examples. Write down the properties and importance of GAGS.
3. Define and classify lipid with example. Differentiate among simple complex and derived lipid.
4. Define Enzyme. Enumerate the factors affect enzyme activity. Mention the effect of pH & temperature on it.
5. Define protein. Give the functional classification of protein with one example of each.
6. Define crystalloid & Colloid with examples. Write down the properties of colloid.
7. Define Co-enzyme co-factor Holo-enzyme Apo-enzyme & Iso-enzyme? Give two examples of iso-enzyme
with its importance.
8. Write short notes on (any two) i) Eicosanoids ii) isotopes iii) Enzyme specificity.
Group-B
 Biochemistry Paper: II 247

1. Define nutrition food diet & balance diet. Mention nutritional importance of Carbohydrate.
2. Name the processes by which energy is cconsumed in our body. Calculate energy requirement of a light
working lactating mother having body weight 65 kg.
3. Enumerate the energy yielding vitanins. How vitamin B₁2 is absorbed? Mention the differences between
megaloblastic anaemia & pernicious anaemia.
4. What is DRI? Enumerate different components of DRI & comepare the components.
5. Write down the sources and biological forms of vitamin A. State the role of Vitamin A in dark vision.
6. Vitamin D is ahormone- Justify your answer. Enumerate the deficiency disorders of vitamin D.
1. Write down the sources and biochemical functions of Iron. mention the common causes of Iron deficiency
anaemia.
8. Write short notes on (any two): i) Ascorbic Acid ii) BMI iii) Glycemic Index.

2nd Term Final Exmination, 2015 (K-72

GROUP A

1. List the digestive juices with their pH. Briefly discuss the absorption of the end product of starch digestion.
2. Draw and label respiratory chain with sites of ATP formation. Name the inhibitors of respiratory chain.
3. Define B-oxidation of fatty acid. Calculate how many ATPs are generated from a 16-C saturated fatty acid after
its complete oxidation.
4. What is amino acid pool? Briefly discuss transamination and deamination with example.
5. Name the ketone bodies. How they are synthesized in body? Give their fate?
6. Briefly discuss the metabolism of LDL with diagram. What is apoprotein?
7. State the glucostatic function of liver with its importance.
8. Write short note on:
a) Emulsification of fat
b) Cori cycle
GROUP B
1. Distribute the total body water in a 60 kg healthy adult male. What is transcellular fluid? Give example.
2. Name the major electrolytes of ECF with their normal ranges. Briefly discuss sodium homeostasis.
3. What is water turn over? Why do children get easily dehydrated? Give the water imtake and output chart.
4. Enumerate the simple acid base disorders with their primary defect. Mention four causes of metabolic acidosis.
How metabolic acidosis is compensated?
5. What are the different forms of calcium? Explain the role of calcitriol on calcium homeostasis.
6. List the classical parameters to check the acid base status of an individual with their normal range. What is base
excess? Mention its importance in acid base disorders.
7. Briefly discuss the role of kidney to maintain acid base balance.
8. Write short note on : a) plasma clearance b) Transmembrane k-flux

72)
GROUP-A

1. State the procedure to collect five ml blood sample. What is the difference between plasma & serum?
2. What are the types of laboratory hazard? How biological hazard can be prevented?
3. Enumerate the commonly performed liver function tests with their utility.
4. What do you mean by non-functional plasma enzyme? state the kinetic behavior of cardiac markers following
myocardial infarction.
5. Give the indication procedure & interpretation of OGTT. Mention the importance of IFG & IGT.
6. What is plasma clearance? How renal functions are assessed in the biochemistry lab?
7. Enumerate the thyroid function tests. What are the laboratory findings in hyperthyroidism?
8. Write short notes on :
i) photometry ii) Lipid profile

GROUP-B

1. Draw & label the watson & Crick model of DNA. Give the importance of salvage pathway of purine synthesis.
2. Name the raw materials required for translation. Write about post translational modifications.
3. Define nucleotide nucleoside & nucleic acid How DNA is organized in chromosome?
4. Define gene genome & genetic code. What are the properties of genetic code?
5. What is PCR? Mention the steps & importance of PCR.
6. Define & classify mutation What are the effects of point mutation?
248
Biochemistry Paper : Il
7. Enumerate different types of RNA with their functions. Describe the structure of tRNA.
8. Write short notes on:
i) Cell cycle

ii) Recombinant DNA technology

Department of Biochemistry
1st Term Final Exmination, 2015 (K-71)
Group-A
1.
What is buffer and conjugate base? Name the blood buffers. mention the importance of Henderson-Hasselbalch
Equation.
2.
Define & classify polysaccharide. Write down the name of four important GAGs with their functions.
3. What do mean by sterol & steroid? Write a brief note on cholesterol.
4.
Define Enzyme, co-enzyme and iso-enzyme. Mention the biomedical importance of enzyme.
5.
Enumerate the functional classification of protein with one example of each. What do you mean by denaturation
of protein? Name some protein denaturing agents.
6.
Define crystalloid & colloid with examples. state the important 6 properties of colloid.
7.
What is isotope? Classify it. Enumerate the bio-medical importance of isotopes.
8.
Write short notes on (any two): (i) Dialysis (ii) Eicosanoids (iii) phospholipids
Group-B
1.
Define diet & balanced diet. Calculate the calorie requirements of a 60 kg adult male heavy worker with diet
chart.

2. How vitamin B₁2 is absorbed? Write down the peculiarities of vitamin B12
3. Write the chemical names of antioxidant vitamins. Enumerate the sources, functions and deficiency disorders of
vitamin C.
4.
Define BMR and SDA with their synonsms. Write down the importance of BMI with obesity scale.
5. Name the different forms of vitamin-A. Enumerate the functions of vitamin-A with ocular changes in vitamin-A
deficiency.
6. Write down the synthesis of solar vitamin in a flow chart. wustify-solar vitamin is a hormone.
7. Write short notes on (any two): (i) Folate Tray (ii) DRI (iii) Dietary Fibers
SIR SALIMULLAAH MEDICAL COLLEGE
Department of Biochemistry
1st Term Final MBBS Exam (SAQ) MBBS- 46
Group A
1.
a. Deline PH and Pk. What is alkali reserve?
b.Why bicarbonate buffer is very important in our body?
2.
a. Define and classity isotopes with examples.
3.
b. Mention 3 clinical importance and 3 hazards of radioactive isotopes.
a. Define Colloids and Crystalloids Enumerate some important plasma colloids.
b. Give the properties of colloids.
4. a.Define and classify polysaccharides with examples
b.What are the types of GAGs? Give their functions.
5.
a.Define and draw a peptide bond,
b. Briefly describe protein denaturation
6.
a. Deline and classify fatty acids with example,
b. Why phospholipid is important for us?
7.
a.b. What is lion functional plasma enzyme? Why they are used for diagnosis of diseases
8.
Define isoenzyme coonzyme ind editor with example of each
Write short note on:- a. Ecosanoids b.pH scale
Group - B
9.
a. Name the water soluble vitamins with their active forms.
b. Write down the sources. function and deficiency features of vitamin B.
10. a. Define food. nutrient and DRI.
b. Calculate the daily energy requirement of a pregnant mother.
11. a. Name the vitamins which can be produced inside the human body.
b. Write down the forms sources,functions and deficiency features of vitamin K.
12. a. Classify minerals. Mention the five important trace elements.
b. Write down the sources, functions and deficiency features of iodine and zinc.
13. a. Define and classify malnutrition with examples.
b. What factors will you consider to formulate a balanced diet?
14. a. Name the antioxidant vitamins.
 Biochemistry Paper: II 249

b.Name the forms, functions and deficiency features of vitamin A.

Name the important dietary carbohydrates with their food sources.
b. Write down the role of dietary fibre in health and disease.
Write short notes on:
Thermic effect of food (b) BMI
(a)
Department of Biochemistry
1st Term Final MBBS Exam (SAQ) MBBS- 49th
Group A
a. Define and classify vitamin
b. Write the dietary sources and deficiency features of Vil-B12 and folic acid.
a. Define and mention the essential nutrients.
b. How will you prepare a balanced diet for an adult of Bangladesh?
a. Calculate the daily calorie requirement of a pregnant woman
b. What do you mean by thermogenic effect of food
a. Define and classify malnutrition with examplu.
b. Nane the common nutritional disorders of Bangladesh. How they can be prevented?
a. Write down the RDA and functions of Vit-A.
b. Briefly describe the deficiency features of Vit-A
a. Whut is BMR and BMI?

b. Mention the standard condition to measure BMR

a. What is obesity? Write the consequences of obesity
b. Justify dictary fiber as an essential nutrien
Write short notes on: (a)Folate Trap (b)Trace element
Group - B
a. Name the water soluble vitamins with their active forms.
b. Write down the sources. function and deficien features of vitamin B.
a. Define food. nutrient and DRI.
b. Calculate the daily energy requirement of a pregnant mother.
a. Name the vitamins which can be produced inside the human body.
b. Write down the forms sources,functions and deficiency features of vitamin K.
2 a. Classify minerals. Mention the five important trace elements.
b. Write down the sources, functions and deficiency features of iodine and zinc.
B. a. Define and classify malnutrition with examples.
b. What factors will you consider to formulate a balanced diet?
4. a. Name the antioxidant vitamins.

b. Name the forms, functions and deficiency features of vitamin A.

5. a. Name the important dietary carbohydrates with their food sources.
b. Write down the role of dietary fibre in health and disease.
6. Write short notes on:
(a) Thermic effect of food (b) BMI
Department of Biochemistry
1st Term Final Examination (SAQ)
MBBS Batch-46th, Session-2015-016
Group-A
1 a.
Define pH and buffer. Name the blood buffers.
b. Show how Hcl is buffered in blood.
12
a. Define & classify monosaccharide.
b. Write down the importance of GAGs, starch & ribose.
3a. Define essential fatty acid with example.
b. Write the importance of PUFA & cholesterol in diet.
a. Define enzyme & isoenzyme with one example of each.
b. Write about the effect of temp, PH, enzyme conc. & substrate conc. on enzyme action.
a.
State the functional classification of protein with example of each.
b. Define peptide bond. How peptide bond is formed?
a.
Write down the differences between crystalloids and colloids.
b. Discuss the important properties of colloids.
a. Define and classify isotopes.
b. Write down the uses of isotopes in medicine.
Write short notes on: a) Coenzyme b) Dialysis
 250
Biochemistry Paper: II

Group-B
9. a.
Define & classify vitamins. How fat soluble vitamin differ from water soluble vitamins.
b. Name the proximate principles of food.
10. a. Define diet, nutrient and RDA.
b.
What are the factors you will consider in formulating a balanced diet for an adult women.
11. a. Discuss the role of vitamin C in normal health.
b.
Write down the forms, sources, functions, and deficiency features of vitamin K.
12. a. What is trace element? Name the essential micro & macronutrients.
b. Write down the sources, functions, and deficiency features of iodine.
13. a. Define and classify malnutrition.
b. Lists the hazards of obesity.
14. a. Name the active form of vitamin D. Mention the functions & deficiency features of vitamin D.
b. What is endemic goiter?
15. a. Why night blindness occur in Vit A deficiency? List the ocular & extraocular manifestation of Vit A
deficiency.
b. Write down the role dietary fibre in health and disease.
16. Write short notes on:
a) Nitrogen balance b) BMI

Department of Biochemistry
2nd Term Final Examination (SAQ)
MBBS Batch-46 Session-2015-016

Group-A
1. a. Define intermediary metabolism. Name the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism.
b. write down the differences between glycolytic & HMP pathways.
2. a.
Name the substrates, sites & key enzymes of gluconeogenesis.
b. Write down the importance of gluconeogenesis.
3. a. Define beta oxidation. How fatty acid enter into the mitochondria for beta oxidation.
b. Calculate the ATP if a 18 carbon fatty acid undergone for beta oxidation.
4. a.
Why acetyl COA is called common metabolites? write down the fate of acetyl COA & pyruvate.
b. Write in short about ketogenesis.
5. a. Define transamination & Deamination.
b. Shortly discuss how ammonia is disposed from the its impotence.
6. a. What do u mean by calcium homeostasis? Name the hormones & vitamins that maintain blood calcium
level.

b. Discuss the function of calcium.

7.
a. Name the end products of TG, protein & starch digestion.
b. How fat is absorbed from GIT.
8. Write short on: a) Urea cycle b) Biological oxidation
Group-B
9. a. Enumerate the functions of water. Name the body fluid compartment with their volumes.
b. Name the serum electrolytes with their normal levels.
10. a. Name the simple acid base disorders with their primary defect.
b. write the causes elevated HCO3 ion.
11. a.
What do u mean by water turnover & water intoxication?
b.
Why a baby is rapidly dehydrated in case of diarrhea.
12. a. Define osmolar gap & anion gap with their normal value.
b. Mention their clinical importance.
13. a. Define polyuria, anuria & obligatory urine volume.
b. State the stimulus for ADH release & mention the role of ADH in fluid volume regulation.
14. a. Classify volume disorders.
b. Difference between a man drowning in pond water from a man drowning in sea water.
15. a. Write down the basic mechanism of acidification of urine.

b. Write down the difference between glomerular filtrate & urine.

16. Write short notes on: a) Transmembrane k+ flux b) Tetany
Department of Biochemistry-2014-15
1st term Final examination (Batch : SS-45)
Group-A
"1. a. Define PH and buffer. How buffers act?
 Biochemistry Paper : II 251

b. deduce the Henderson- Hasselbalch equation and state its importance.

2. a. Differentiate between starch and cellulose.
b.
Write down the biomedical importance of glycosaminogly cans.
3. a. Name the blood lipids with their reference ranges.
b. Describe the biomedical impoteance of phospholipids.
4. a.
Define enzyme, coemzyme and cofactor with one example of each.
b.
Discuss the factors affecting enzyme activety.
5. a. Define protein and classify functionally with one example of each.
b. State different levels of organization of proteins with example.
6. a. Write down the differences between crystalloids and colloids.
b. Discuss the impotant propeties of colloids.
7. a. Define and classify isotopes.
b. Write down the biomedical importence of isotopes.
8. Write shore notes on:
(a) Glycosidic bond (b) Isoelectric pH
Croup-B
9. a. Name the B vitamins with their coenzyme forms.
b. Write down the active forms, functions and deficiency features of vitamin B12.
10. a. Define nutrition, nutrient and RDA.
b. Calculate the daily calorie requirement of a medical student.
11. a. Name the vitamins which can be produced inside the human body.
b. Write down the forms, surces, functions and defiency features of vitamin K.
12. a. Name five important trace elements.
b. Write down the sources, functions, metabolism and deficiency features of iron.
13. a. Define and classify PEM.
b. How can you calculate BMI and interpret BMI value in the assessment of nutritional status?
14. a. Name the antioxidant vitamins.
b. Name the forms and functions of vitamin D. How vitamin D is synthesized in human body?
15. a.
Name the important dietary carbohydrates with their food sources.
b. Write down the role of dietary fibre in health and disease.
16. Write short notes on:
(a) Balanced diet (b) Essential nutrients
2nd term Final examination (Batch : SS-43)
Group-A
1. Name the sources and fates of pyruvate. Describe the rate limiting steps of gluconeogenesis.
2. Define B- oxidation. Why is it called so? Give the steps of B- oxidation.
3. Write down the functions of apolipoproteins. Mention the metabolic fates of
4. Definc transamination with example. Discuss amino acid pool.
5. Name the catabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism Discuss the biochemical importance of hexose
monophosphate shunt.
6. Mention different proteolytic enzymes. How protein is digested and absorbed in intestine.
7. Mention the sources of ammonia in human body. How ammonia is disposed?
8. Write short notes on: a) Carnitine shuttle (b) Cori cycle
Group- B
9. Mention the functions of kidney. State the mechanism of acidification of urine.
10. Write down the daily water intake and output in an adult male of 70kg. What do you mean by water turn over?
Why children are quickly dehydrated than adult?
11. Define and classify acid base disorders. How do you diagnose a case of acid base disorder? Give the laboratory
findings of a case of metabolic acidosis.
12. Name the forms of calcium in plasma. Describe the hormonal control of calcium and phosphate homeostasis.
13. Define plasma clearance., renal threshold and tubular load. Write down the difference between glomerular
filtrate plasma.
14. Give the electrolyte composition of ECF. and ICF. Briefly discuss sodium homeostasis.
15. Name the acids produced normally in our body and write their routes of disposal. State how metabolic acid base
disorders are compensated and corrected.
16. Write short notes on:
(a) Anion gap (b) Transmembrane k+flux
 252
Biochemistry Paper : Il

SHAHEED SUHRAWARDY MEDICAL CLLEGE

Department of Biochemistry
1st term final exam ShSMC-16(Session 2020-2021)
Group - A
1. Deduce & discuss Handerson-Hasselbatch equation with its importance. Define pk& Buffering capacity.
2. Define & classify solution. What do you mean by standard solution? Name the separation technique of colloid
from crystalloids.
3. Define & classify polysaccharide with example. Write down the difference between starch and glycogen.
4. What is reducing sugar? Why is sucrose not a reducing sugar? Write down the bio-medical importance of hexoses.
5. Define peptide bond. How it is formed? Give functional classification of protein.
6. Write about denaturation of protein. Give importance of phospholipid.
7. Define & classify lipid. Give example & source of w3 & W-6 fatty acid.
8. Define enzyme & Co-enzyme. Write down the IUBMB classification of enzyme with example.
9. Write short note on: - a) Lipoprotein b) Dialysis
Group-B
1. Define vitamin & classify it. Write down the difference between fat soluble & water-soluble vitamins.
2. Define DRI (Dietary reference intakes). Name the components of it. Mention the importance of
3. Define balanced diet. Mention factors that are considered during formulating balanced diet for a particular
person. How will you prepare a balanced diet for an adult of Bangladesh?
4. Define nutrient. Classify nutrients with example. Enumerate essential nutrients.
5. Define food and diet. Define dietary fiber and justify it as an essential nutrient. Or give the Importance of dietary fiber.
6. Write down the name of fat-soluble vitamins with their active form. Write down the source of vitamin D. How
vitamin D synthesized in the body.
7. Define macro minerals & micro minerals. Write down the of five important macro minerals & micro minerals.
Write down the sources, functions & deficiency features of iodine.
8. Define malnutrition & write down the name common nutritional disorder in Bangladesh. Differentiate between
marasmus & kwashiorkor.

9. Short notes on:- a) Folate trap b) glycaemic index

3rd term final exam ShSMC-15(Session 2019-2020)
Group - A
1. Name the specimens that are analyzed in biochemistry laboratory. Describe common lab hazards and the safety
measures that are taken to prevent them.
2. Name important anticoagulants used in laboratory. What changes will occur if a blood sample is kept
unseparated for prolong period.
3. Give the basic components of a colorimeter. Give its use in biochemistry lab. What is the difference between
colorimeter and spectrophotometer?
4. Name the thyroid hormones. Enumerate thyroid function tests with their interpretation.
5. Define proteinuria and microalbuminuria. Briefly discuss biochemical tests to assess kidney functions.
6. Define jaundice. Mention the types of jaundice. Differentiate biochemically between hepatocellular &
obstructive jaundice.
7. Describe the indications and interpretation of OGTT. What are the complications of diabetes mellitus?
7899. Name the blood lipids. Give the reference values of lipid profile. Mention the causes of hypercholesterolemia.
Write Short notes on (any two): i. SI units ii. Cardiac markers iii. Hypoglycemia
Group-B
1. What are the building blocks of DNA and RNA? Mention important differences between DNA and RNA.
2. Define genetic code, codon. Write down the properties of genetic code.
3. A Define replication. Name the components required for replication. Replication is a process of high fidelity- justify
4. What do you mean by primary transcript? Define splicing. Write down the post transcriptional modification that
occur in mRNA.

5. Enumerate the raw materials required for translation. Discuss about post translational covalent modification
opoprotein molecule with example.
6. Define genotype and phenotype Describe the structure of a gene.
7.
What is recombinant DNA technology? Enumerate its components and write down its
8. Mention different types of mutation. Write down the effects of point mutations with example.
9. Write short notes on (any two): i. Reverse transcription. ii. Cell cycle iii. RNA.
 Biochemistry Paper: II 253

2nd term final exam ShSMC-15(Session 2019-2020)

Group - A
1. Enumerate the zymogens present in digestive juices. What do you mean by autocatalysis? How amino acids are
being absorbed from intestine?
2. Name the bile salts. Discuss its role in fat digestion and absorption.
3. What is oxidative phosphorylation? Give the organization of respiratory chain. Nare three inhibitors of
respiratory chain.
4. Name the catabolic and anabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism. Why TCA cycle is called common
metabolic pathway? State the fates of acetyl CoA.
5. Detine gluconeogenesis. Name the substrates of gluconeogenesis. How normal blood glucose level is
maintained in fasting state.
6. Define transamination. Mention importance of urea cycle. Discuss the mechanism of ammonia intoxication.
7. Name the metabolic pathways occurring in mitochondria. How fatty acids enter within the mitochondria?
Calculate the ATP generation by complete oxidation of one mole of palmitic acid.
8. Name the plasma lipoproteins. Give a brief overview about HDL metabolism.
9. Write Short notes on (any two): i. Nitrogen balance ii. Anaerobic glycolysis iii.Endopeptidases.

Group-B
1. Enumerate simple acid base disorders with their primary defect. How respiratory acidosis is being compensated
and corrected?

2. Name the body fluid compartments. Discuss the role of ADH in maintaining normal ECF volume and osmolality.
3. Define diuresis. Give important differences between water diuresis and osmotic diuresis. Name three important
substances causing osmotic diuresis.
4. Name the important serum electrolytes with their reference ranges. Discuss about renal regulation of potassium.
5. Give water intake-output chart of a normal adult individual. Why children become rapidly dehydrated in cases
of hypovolumia
6. Classify ECF volume disorders. Write down important causes and consequences of hyponatremia. Write down
the value of normal urinary PH and osmolality. How alkaline glomerular filtrate become acidic urine
8. Define plasma anion gap. How plasma anion gap is calculated? Discuss its clinical importance.
9. Write Short notes (any two):i. Water intoxication ii. limiting PH of urine iii. Plasma clearance.
1st term final exam ShSMC-15(Session 2019-2020)
Group - A
1. Define buffer. Classify blood buffers. How buffer act?
2. Define colloid. Differentiate between crystalloid and colloid.
3. What is pH and pk ? Deduce H-H equation.
4. Classify monosaccharides with example. List the properties of glucose?
5. Draw and label a structure of lipoprotein. Write down the role of HDL cholesterol in health. 2+3
6. What is peptide bond? with a diagram the formation of peptide bond.
7. Define and classify isotopes with example. Write down the clinical uses of isotopes? 2+3
8. Give IUBMB classification of enzyme with example. List the factor effecting enzyme activity. 3+2
9. Write short notes on : (any two) a) GAGS b) Coenzyme c) Isoenzyme
B
Group B
1. Define food, nutrient and nutrition. What are the essential nutrients and why they are named so?3
2. What do you mean by diet? Define balance diet with its criteria.
3. Write short note an obesity.
4. .
5. Mention
Give
the
the tunctions
food sources
,
and deficiency
RDA
, disorder
functions
and of iron, deficiency
zinciron
andfeatures
iodine.
of vit
. Show
C. with a diagram the metabolism of
6. Mention the common nutritional disorder in Bangladesh. Give the differences between kwashiorkor and marasmus
7. Name the water soluble vitamins with their active form. Why megaloblastic anemia occurs in folic acid deticiency?
. Write down the source, RDA and function of vit. B1.
Write short(any
9. notes on:
two) a) BMR b)SDA c) Visual cycle
2nd term final exam ShSMC-13(Session 2017-2018)
Group - A
1. Define & classify buffer. How buffer acts Why HCO3 buffer is called most important?
2. Define normal saline, normal solution molar & molal solution. State the Henderson Hasselbalch Equation.
3. Define and classify isotopes with example. With down the clinical use of isotopes, What is radioactive decay?
4. Define enzyme & isoenzyme with example, Briefly discuss the factors affecting enzyme action.
254 Biochemistry Paper : II

5. Define and classify carbohydrate. Give the biomedical importance of glucose & ribose.
6. What is steroid and sterol? Mention the function of cholesterol and fatty acid.
7. Enumerate the functional protein with example. What are the four levels of organization in a protein?
8. Define lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein Draw and label an ideal structure of lipoprotein.
9. Short notes:

a) Monosaccharide b) Dialysis
Group - B
1. Define BMR. What are the preconditions to measure it? Name the factors affecting it. Calculate the calorie
requirement of a lactating woman.
2. Define diet. Give the criteria of a balanced diet. Give the factures of calorie deficieney of a child.
3. Name the vitamins having antioxidant property. Mention the function of ascorbic acid . What are the features of
scurvy?
4. Name the vitamin B complex With their active from. Mention the function of vitamin B12 & folic acid.
5. Name the active form of vitamin. How is it synthesized in the body? Mention the role of vitamin D in Ca
homeostasis.
6. Define micronutrient with example. Give the function of Floride,lodine & Zinc.
7. Write the source, function and deficiency disorder of iron. Give the mechanism of iron transport after
absorption.
8. What are the sources,functions and deficiency features of vitamin A. Write about the role of vitamin K in blood
coagulation.
9. Short notes: a) visual cycle b Essential nutrients

Department of Biochemistry
1st term final exam ShSMC-13(Session 2017-2018)
Group - A
1. Define & classify buffer. How buffer acts Why HCO3 buffer is called most important?
2. Define normal saline, normal solution molar & molal solution. State the Henderson Hasselbalch Equation.
3. Define and classify isotopes with example. With down the clinical use of isotopes, What is radioactive decay?
4. Define enzyme & isoenzyme with example, Briefly discuss the factors affecting enzyme action.
5. Define and classify carbohydrate. Give the biomedical importance of glucose & ribose.
6. What is steroid and sterol? Mention the function of cholesterol and fatty acid.

6789
7.

8.
9.
Enumerate the functional protein with example. What are the four levels of organization in a protein?
Define lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein Draw and label an ideal structure of lipoprotein.
Short notes:
a) Monosaccharide b) Dialysis
Group - B
1. Define BMR. What are the preconditions to measure it? Name the factors affecting it. Calculate the calorie
requirement of a lactating woman.
2. Define diet. Give the criteria of a balanced diet. Give the factures of calorie deficieney of a child.
3. Name the vitamins having antioxidant property. Mention the function of ascorbic acid . What are the features of
scurvy?

4. Name the vitamin B complex With their active from. Mention the function of vitamin B₁2 & folic acid.
5. Name the active form of vitamin. How is it synthesized in the body? Mention the role of vitamin D in Ca*
homeostasis.

6. Define micronutrient with example. Give the function of Floride,lodine & Zinc.
7. Write the source, function and deficiency disorder of iron. Give the mechanism of iron transport after
absorption.
8.
What are the sources, functions and deficiency features of vitamin A. Write about the role of vitamin K in blood
coagulation.
9. Short notes: a) visual cycle b) Essential nutrients
Department of Biochemistry
2nd Term Final Examination (SAQ), ShSMC-12 (Session : 2017-2018)
Group A
1. Name the four major components of gastric juice with their function. How fat is digested and absorbed in the
body?
2. What is intermediary metabolism? How normal blood glucose is maintained in the body?
 255
Biochemistry Paper: II

Name the metabolic pathways occurring in cytoplasm. How many ATP generated form complete oxidation of 1
molecule of glucose (show in tabulated form)?
Define gluconeogenesis. How glucose is formed from alanine in gluconeogenesis.
State about the B-oxidation of fatty acid. Write on camitine sisuttle mechaniens
State the metabolism of HDL and LDL-eholesterol. State about the adverser effects FLDL-cholesterol on
health.

Name the ketone bodies. Write about the synthesis and utilization of ketone bodim. What is ketosis?
Name the metabolic pathways involved in removal of nitrogen from our body. What are requirements for urea
synthesis? What is ammonia intoxication?
Write short notes on: i) Electron transport chain ii) TCA cycle.
Group-B
1. Name the body water compartments with their value of a 70 kg adult male. What is water turn over? Why does
a child get quickly dehydrated than adult?

2 Name the factors requlating water balance. Classify fluid volume disorders. Mention the mile of ADH in water
balance.

3 A 55-years-old lady with a two days history of diarrhoea and and vumiting. Het return electrolytes and blood
pH results were; Na, 118 mmol/L, k*: 4.97 mmol/L, Cl 87 mmol/L, HCO3: 19mmol/L, PH: 7.3). Mention what
kind of electrolyte & acid-base abnormality it is and how Nat will be regulated by kidney.
4. Mention the causes of metabolic alkalosis. Give the biochemical basis of developing Metabolic alkalosis in
severe vomiting.
5. Define anion gap. Mention the four causes of increased anion gap metabolic acidosis with biochemical basis.
6. Mention the common causes of hyperkalacmia: Shortly discress K* hormeostasis in a normal adult.
1. Define reanal threshold, transport maximum, renal clearance. Defferentiate between .... plasma. What is limiting

.
pH of urine?
& What is diuresis? Differentiate between water diuresis and osmotic dituesis state the importance of
obligatory urinary output.
9. Write short notes on: i) abnormal constituents of urine ii) Acid facation of taino
DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
1st Term Final Examination (Session: 2015-16) SAQ
Group - A
1. Define p¹ and buffer. Name the extracellular buffer systems. How buffer acts?
2. Define crystalloid and colloid and colloid with examples. State the differences between crystalloid and colloid.
3. Define and classify monosaccharide. State the biomedical importance of glucose.
4. Define and classify enzymes according to IUB-MB with one example of each. Mention the effect of pH and
temperature on enzyme activity.
5. Define simple lipid with example. State the importance of cholesterol and eicosanoids.
6. How peptide bond is formed? Name the five important proteins with their function. What do you mean by
protein denaturation?
7. Name the lipoproteins. Draw the structure of a typical lipoprotein. "LDL is bad cholesterol"- explain.
8. Define nucleotide and nucleic acid. down the biomedical importance of nucleotides.
9. Write short notes on: a) Units b)Isotopes
Group - B
10. Enumerate the pancreatic enzymes. Write down the role of bile salt in fat digestion and absorption.
11. Define glycolysis. Calculate the ATP production when one molecule of glucose is completely oxidized. Why
TCA cycle le is called amphibolic pathway?
12. What is electron transport chain? Draw and level electron transport chain (ETC) with site of ATP production.
13. Write down sources & fates of acetyl CoA. How pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA?
14. Define gluconeogenesis. Name the substrates for gluconeogenesis. Mention its importance.
15. What do you mean by transamination and oxidative deamination? Write down the sources and disposal of
ammonia from our body.
16. What is pentose phosphate pathway? Mention its importance.
17. Define glycogenesis and glycogenolysis. Mention the differences between liver glycogen & muscle glycogen.
18. Write short notes on: a) Urea cycle b) isoenzymes
256
Biochemistry Paper : II

DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
2nd Term Final Examination (Suppl.) (Session: 2015-16) SAQ
Group - A
1. Name the plasma lipoproteins. Draw and label an ideal lipoprotein structure. Explain why LDL is bad
cholesterol.
2.
Enumerate the ketone bodies. How they are synthesized?
3.
Mention the sources and active forms of vitamin D. How it regulate blood calcium label?
4. Define macro minerals. Write down the sources, functions and deficiency features of iron.
5. Name the chemical name and active form of the water soluble vitamins. What do you means by pernicious
anemia? What is folate trap?
6.
Write down the common nutritional disorders prevalent in Bangladesh. What is malnutrition?
7. Name endogenously synthesized vitamins. What are the sources, functions and deficiency disorders of vitamin
k?

8. Name the vitamins having antioxidant property. Write down the sources, functions and deficiency features of
ascorbic acid.

9. Write short notes on: a) BMR b) B-oxidation of fatty acid

Group - B
10. Enumerate the body fluid compartment. Show how intake and output of water is maintained.
11. Define water turn over. Discuss how water balance is maintained. Why children get quickly dehydrated?
12. Write down the basic mechanism of urine formation. What limiting pH of normal urine & why? Briefly state
hew urine is acidified?

13. Enumerate the primary acid base disorders with their primary defects. Mention the important causes of
metabolic alkalosis.

14. Classify body fluid volume disorders. Write down two important causes of isotonic volume contraction &
hypotonic volume expansion.
15. Name common serum electrolytes with their reference range. How distal tubule of kidney handles k+?
16. Define & classify diuresis. What are the differences between osmotic diuresis & water diuresis?
17. What is renal threshold and plasma clearance? Why glycosuria occurs in diabetes mellitus?
18. Write short notes on: a)Diabetes insipidus b) Metabolic acidosis

Department of Biochemistry
1st Term Final Examination-2015 (Batch: ShSMC-10)
Group: A
1. Define pH & buffer. Name the blood buffers. State the mechanism of action of buffer system.
2. Define normal solution. Molar solution & normal saline. Deduce the H-H Equation. Mention importance.
3. Define & classify polysaccharide with example. Write down the importance of cellulose.
4. State the IUB classification of enzymes with one example of each. Mention the effect of PH and temperature on
enzyme activity.
5. Define & classify fatty acid with example. State the importance of PUFA and eicosanoids.
6. What is protein? Classify protein according to biological functions? What do you mean by protein denaturation?
7.
Define and classify isotopes with example. Write the clinical uses of isotopes.
8.
Define nucleoside, nuncleotide and nucleic acid with example. Write down the importance of nucleotides.
9.
Write short notes on : (a) GAGs (b) Lipprotein
Group: B
10. Enumerate the pancreatic enzymes. Write down the role of HCL in protein digestion and absorption.
Differentiate hydrolatic and ecbolic secretion of pancreas.
11. Define and classify glycolysis with its importance. Write down the sources and fates of pyruvate.
12. What is electron transport chain (ETC)? Draw and level ETC with site of ATP production.
13. What is intermediany melabofism? Name the Intemediary metabollc pathways of carbohydrate metabolism Why
TCA cycle is called common metabolic pathway?
14. Name the metabolic pathways occuring in mitochondria Define gluconeogenesis. & mention its substrates. state
the importances of gluconeogenesis.
15. What are the soufrces and fate of ammonia? Show the reactions of urea cycle with diagram.
16. Define HMP shunt pathway whyit's called shunt pathway? Mention Its biomedical importance.
17. Define transamination & deamination with example. Give importance of these pathways.
18. Write short notes on: a) Nitrogen balance b) Glycogen storage disease.
 257
Biochemistry Paper: II

Department of Biochemistry
2nd Term Final Examination-2015 (Batch: ShSMC-10)
Group-A
1. Mention the names of atherogenic lipoprotein. Draw & label the structure of lipoprotein. Explain why is
beneficial.

2. Name the ketone bodies Give the mechanism of developing ketoacidosis in uncontrolled diabetes melffus.
3. Define BMR. What the preconditions to measure BMR? State the factors affecting the BMR?
4. Give the chemical names and active forms of the water soluble vitarnins. What do you mean by penicious
anemia? Give the deficiency disorders of vitamin B1.
5. Mention the sources and functional forms of vitamin A. Write down the deficiency disorders of vitamin AWhat
is provitamin?
6. State the sources and function of calcium. How serum calcium level is maintained.
7. Name the antioxidant vitamins Give the mechanism of action and deficiency disorders of ascorbic acid and folic
acid.

8. Classity minerals. Name the essential trace elements. State the functions and deficiency disorders of iron.
iodine. zinc
9. Short notes on: i) Carnitine shultle mechanism ii) Dietary fibers.
Group-B
1. Enumerate the simple acid base disorders with their primary defects. State the renal aspect of acid base batance.
2. Define body fluid and give its distribution in adult 70 kg male. Write about the transcellular fluid. What do you
mean by water turn over?

3. Name the factors regulating water balance. Classify fluid volume disorders. Mention the role of ADH in
maintaining fluid volume disorders.
4. Name the hormones which act on kidney and released from it, Differentiate filtrate and urine.
5. Name the major serum electrolytes mentioning their reference values. Name the factors regulating Naoalanco.
Give the mechanism of sodium balance by aldosterone.
6. Define anion gap and give its significance. Mention 5 causes of increased anion gap..
7. Define diuresis. & mention its types. Give the difference between water diuresis and osmotic diuresis.
8. What is limiting pH? Briefly state how urine is acidified
9. Short notes on: (i) CCr (ii) Metabolic alkalosis
MUGDA MEDICAL COLLEGE

Department of Biochemistry
1st Term Final Examination-2020-21 (Batch: M-06)
Group - A
1. Name the blood buffers with their components. Explain why buffer capacity is maximum when pH of a solution
is equal to the pk of a buffer acid.
2. Define colloid & crystalloid with one example of each. Mention the principle of dialysis with its importance.
3. A person's HCO3 conc. is 24 mmol/L, HCO3 conc. is 1.2 mmol/L. Calculate of that person. Explain the basic
mechanism of buffer action.

4. Differentiate starch from glycogen. Write down the four important functions of GAGS.
5. Classify protein functionally with one example of eachHaemoglobin is an example of quaternary structure of
protein--- justify it.
6. Define omega-3 & omega-6 fatty acid with sources & examples. Why essential fatty acids are important for us?
7. Draw & label the structure of a lipoprotein. Enumerate six biomedical importance of phospholipid.
8. Write down the IUBMB classification of enzyme with one example of each.Suppose your body temperature
raise from 37°C to 40°c due to fever. Show the effect of raises temperature on enzyme action in your body by a
diagram and explain why?
9. Write short notes on:
a. isotope b. iso-enzyme
Group - B
10. Define BMR anó SDA. Calculate your calorie requirement.
11. Define balanced diet. Dietary fibre inclusion is important for formulating balance diet- why?
12. Name the antioxidant vitamins with their active forms. Hon ascorbic acid helps in collagen maturation?
Mention four important features of scurvy,
13. Name the haemopoetic vitamins with their coenzyme forms. How vit-B₁2 helps in activation of folic acid.
14. Name the sources of vitamin A. Mention the changes that occur in eye due to vitamin A deficiency sequentially.
258 Biochemistry Paper: II

15. Mention the role of vit K in coagulation. Why prophylactic vit K injection is given in neonates?
16. Define trace elements. Mention 4 micro-minerals with their functions and deficiency disorders.
17. Name four common nutritional disorders in Bangladesh. Classify PEM according to WHO. Why muscle
wasting occurs in marasmus?
18. Write short notes on:
a. Obesity b. Glycemic index

Department of Biochemistry
3rd Term Final Examination-2019-2020(Batch: M-05)
Group - A
1. Enumerate the samples commonly analysed in the Biochemistry laboratory.Mention the changes that occur
when blood is kept for a prolonged period without processing.
2. Define laboratory hazards. Name the different types of hazards that occur in the Biochemistry laboratory with their preventions.
3. Define non-functional plasma enzyme. Why is non-functional plasma enzyme important? Mention the kinetic
behaviour of three enzymes related with ischaemic heart disease.
4. Write down the normal plasma level of bilirubin. Mention the important biochemical features in a patient with jaundice.
5. Enumerate the thyroid function tests with their interpretations. Why does mental retardation occur in
hypothyroid babies?
6. Define and classify DM. Differentiate type 1 and type 2 DM.
7. A 40-year-old male presented with the complaints of polyuria and polyphagia. His fasting blood sugar is 7.2 mmol/L and 2 h
after 75 g glucose is 11.9 mmol/L. What is your diagnosis? Write the down the complications of it.
8. Mention the causes and consequences of proteinuria. What will be the effect of serum creatinine when
creatinine clearance rate is 45 mL/min?
9. Write short notes on:

i. Routine biochemical urine analysis ii. Lipid profile

Group - B
10. Define nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid with example. Write down the functions of nucleotides.
11. Draw and label Watson & Crick model of DNA. Differentiate between DNA and RNA.
12. Define replication. Write down the features of replication.
13. What is central dogma? Mention the changes that occur in mRNA after transcription.
14. Define gene and genetic code. Write briefly on the properties of genetic code.
15. Enumerate the covalent types of post-translational modifications with examples. Mention the requirements of translation.
16. Define mutation. Discuss about the types and effects of mutation
17. Define PCR with its clinical importance. What are the differences between PCR and biological cloning?
18. Write short notes on:
i.Cell cycle ii.Restriction endonucleases

Department of Biochemistry
2nd Term Final Examination-2019-2020(Batch : M-05)
Group - A
1.
Mention three important local hormones of GIT with their functions. How is protein absorbed?
2. Enumerate four high-energy and low-energy phosphate compounds. Explain that liver is a glucostatic organ.
3. Mention the sources of pyruvate. Justify that TCA cycle is an amphibolic pathway.
4.
Calculate ATP generation in complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose. Enumerate the sites of anaerobic glycolysis.
5.
Draw the flowchart of B-oxidation State the fate of ketone bodies.
6.

7.
Draw and label the organisation of lipoprotein. Mention the types of lipoproteins with their origin and inherent apoprotein.
Enumerate the source and fate of amino acids of amino acid pool. Define deamination with its importance.
8. A 40-year-old male with a history of liver disease for 2 years suddenly develops slurring of speech, blurring of
vision and ultimately coma.
a. What is the clinical diagnosis of the present condition?
b. Write down its biochemical basis.
9. Write short notes on: i. Carnitine shuttle mechanism ii. Nitrogen balance
Group - B
10. Define renal threshold, plasma clearance and transport maximum. Why do babies get dehydrated early during
diarrhoea vomiting?

11. Distribute the body fluid of an 80-kg adult male. Briefly discuss about the consequences of osmotic
disequilibrium between ECF and ICF.
12. State the major ionic composition of body fluid. How is plasma osmolarity calculated?
13. Prepare a daily water intake/output chart of a 70-kg adult male. Define metabolic water.
 259
Biochemistry Paper : II

14. Enumerate the acid-base parameters. A patient's blood pH is 7.32, HCO, concentration is 15 mmol/L and Pco2 is 40
mm Hg. Name the type of acid-base disorder. Write down the common causes of this disorder. How is it corrected?
15. State the biochemical events of Nat balance following excess NaCl intake. Define aldosterone escape.
16. Define hyperkalaemia. State the causes and consequences of hyperkalaemia.
17. Write down the different forms of plasma calcium. State the role of calcitriol and parathyroid hormone in Ca²+ regulation.
18. Write short notes on:
i. Insensible water loss ii. Diuresis

Department of Biochemistry
3rd Term Final Examination-2019-2020(Batch: M-05)
Group - A
1. Enumerate the blood buffers with their components. How do buffer act?
2. Why is HHE important? Justify that pH is 7.4.
3. Enumerate the radiosensitive tissues. Mention the clinical use of radioactive isotopes.
4. Classify carbohydrates with examples. Why are glycosaminoglycans important biologically?
5. How is phospholipid formed? Why is it called amphipathic lipid? Give the importance of phospholipid.
6. Classify fatty acids with examples. Why is linoleic acid called w6 fatty acid?
Show in a figure how peptide bond is formed. Classify proteins functionally with one example of each.
7. Define enzyme, coenzyme, isoenzyme and cofactor with one example of each. Mention the effects of pH and
temperature on enzyme action.
9. Write short notes on: i. Dialysis ii. Sl unit

Group - B
10. Define diet and balanced diet. State the factors that are to be considered in preparing a balanced diet chart.
11. Name the proximate principles of food. Justify that dietary fibre is an essential nutrient.
12. Mention the components of energy calculation. Calculate your daily energy requirement.
13. Name the coenzymes derived vitamin B complex. Mention the role of vitamin C in maturation of collagen.
14. Name the antioxidant vitamins with their active forms. Mention the source and functions of folic acid. Why
does folic acid deficiency cause megaloblastic anaemia?
15. Name the endogenously-synthesised vitamins. How is vitamin D synthesised in the body?
16. Classify PEM according to WHO, Why does oedema and muscle wasting develop in cases of kwashiorkor and
de
marasmus respectively?
17. Name the trace elements. How is iron absorbed, transported and stored in our body?
18. Write short notes on: i. Folate trap ii. Visual cycle
com
MYENSINGH MEDICAL COLLEGE
Department of Biochemistry
First Term Examination
1. What are the isotonic & iso osmolar solutions? Two solutions may be isotonic but not iso osmolar' explain.
2. What are the blood buffers? Compare bicarbonate buffer & phosphate buffer.
3. Define and classify carbohydrates with examples. What are GAGS?
4. Define & classify lipids with example? What is neutral fat?
5. What are the properties of colloids? What are the differences between colloids & crystalloids?
6. Define & classify enzymes with examples. What are the factors affecting enzyme activity?
7. Deduce the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. What are its importance?
8. What is A & B anomerism of monosaccharides? Why sucrose is a non reducing sugar?
9. Write short short on- (any-two) a) primary structure of protein b) Indicators c) Isotopes

GROUP-B

1. Name the essential nutrients. What are dietary fibers? Name some beneficial & adverse effects of dietary fibers.
2. What are the active forms, sources, functions & deficiency disorders of vitamin B₁ & vitamin C?
3. What are the active forms & functions vitamin A? What is the role of retinal in vision?
4.
What are the common nutritional disorders in Bangladesh? Define
between
PEM. What are the differences
kwashiorkor & marasmus?
5. Define & classify vitamins? What are the differences between water soluble & fat soluble vitamins?
6. What are the RDA, sources & functions of iron? Briefly discuss about iron absorption.
7. How calcitriol is synthesized in human body? What are the deficiency disorders of calcitriol?
8.9.

How intrinsic factor helps in absorption of vitamin B₁2? What are the functions of vitamin B₁2?
Write short notes on- (any two) a) RMR b) Food pyramid c) Folate trap
 260
Biochemistry Paper : II

Department of Biochemistry
2nd Term Examination of Batch M-53
GROUP-A

1. Name the biochemical parameters used to detect acid base disorders. Mention the causes of respiratory acidosis.
How respiratory acidosis is compensated?
2.
What are the reference ranges of sodium & potassium in plasma? How serum sodium level is regulated?
3.
State the principle by which body fluid compartments can be directly measured. Which compartments can be
directly measured? Name the indicators that are used to measure ECF & plasma.
4.
Write down a water intake-output chart for a 70 kg adult male in normal condition.
5.
What are the body fluid compartments? Name the major two anions and two cations of ECF With their
reference ranges. What is anion gap?
6. What are the oxidative steps of HMP shunt? What is the importance of this shunt?
7.
What are the major four component of gastric juice? Mention their functions. How pepsinogen is activated?
8.
Define & classify volume disorders. Give examples & effect in ICF of hypertonic volume contraction.
9. Write short notes on (any two): a) Insensible water loss b) Renal clearance c) water intoxication.
GROUP B
1.
Name the anabolic and catabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism. Why citric and cycle is called the
amphibolic pathway.
2. What are the steps of urea cycle? Why urea occurs only in liver?
3. Name the gluconeogenic substrates. How pyruvate is converted to glucose?
4.
What are the steps of cholesterol biosynthesis? What are the primary & secondary bile acids?
5.
What are the differences between aerobic & anaerobic glycolysis?. What are the ATP-producing steps of
ammonia? What is ammonia intoxication?
6. What are the sources & fates of ammonia? What is ammonia intoxication?
7.
What are steps of ß-oxidation? Why it is called 'B' oxidation?
8. Name the ketone bodies. What are the steps of ketogenesis? Why liver cannot use ketone bodies as fuel?
9. Write a short note on (any two)
a) Apolipoprotein
b) Transamination c) Respiratory chain
Department of Biochemistry
Third Term Examination
GROUP A
1.
What do you mean by specimen and sample? What are the common and specialized tests done in the
biochemistry laboratory?
2.
What are the analytic procedures done in the biochemistry laboratory? What do you mean by sensitivity and
specificity of a test?
3.
What are the cardiac biomarkers? What are the types of troponin? Mention the diagnostic interpretation of
serum cardiac enzymes.
4.
What are the liver function tests done in biochemistry laboratory? Why serum albumin' is better diagnostic test
than serum total protein for synthetic function of liver?
5.
What are the steps of bilirubin synthesis? How physiological jaundice develops in neonates?
6.

7.
What are the indications of OGTT? Mention the procedure and diagnostic interpretation of OGTT?
What are the steps of thyroid hormone synthesis? What are the roles of TSH in thyroid hormone synthesis? Why
serum TSH' is the first line diagnostic test detect thyroid status?
8.
Mention different types of primary dyslipidemia what their causes Why serum lipid profile is preferable to
analyze in fasting condition?

9. Write short notes on (any two) a) RIA b) Urinalysis c) CSF study

GROUP B

1. Draw the nucleotides of DNA. What is the role of NADPH in DNA synthesis?
2. What are the components required for DNA replication? What are the differences between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic replication? What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication?
3.
What do you mean by euchromatin and heterochromatin? Briefly discuss the steps of transcription.
4. Discuss about initiation of eukaryotic translation. What are the posttranslational modifications?
 Biochemistry Paper: II 261

5. What are the components required for biological cloning? What are the differences between cloning and PCR?
6. Define and classify genetic disorders. Briefly discuss about mendelian disorders.
7. Name the different types of RNA that participate in the process of protein synthesis. Summarize the properties
and functions of eukaryotic RNAS.

8. What is recombinant DNA technology? Write down its applications.

9. Write Short on (any two)
a) Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
b) DNA repair c) Wobble hypothesis
SHER-E-BANGLA MEDICAL COLLEGE, BARISAL.
1st Term Final Examination SAQ.
Session : 2019-20 (SB - 51th)
Group - A
1. Name the thyroid hormones and thyroid function tests. How can you differentiate a patient of hypothyroidism
from hyperthyroidism?
2. Classify diabetes mellitus. Mention the procedure & interpretation of oral glucose tolerance test.
3. Name the common samples analyzed in a clinical biochemistry laboratory. What do you mean by normal value
and reference range?

4. Mention the steps of blood sample collection. What are changes occurs if whole blood is left for a prolonged
period?
5. Name the cardiac markers. Briefly state about the enzymes studied in myocardial in farction.
6. Name the liver function tests with their interpretation. What is Prothrombin time? What is its importance?
7. Define & classify proteinuria. Name the biochemical renal function tests.
8. What is quality control? What are the criteria's of quality control in a biochemistry lab.
9. Write short notes on:-i) Photometry ii) Lipid profile
Group B
10. Define nucleotide & nucleoside. Classify nucleotide with example. Write down the importance of nucleotides.
11. Give the differences between DNA & RNA. Why replication is called semi-conservative process?
12. Define replication. State the raw materials of replication. Give the post transcriptional modifications of mRNA?
13. Define & classify mutation. What are the structural disorders of gene?
14. List the raw materials of translation. Define & classify post translational modification
15. Define PCR & cloning. Write down the steps cloning with its advantages & disadvantages.
16. What is genetic code?State the properties of genetic code.Name the initiation codon & stop codons with example
17. Define & classify DNA library. What is DNA fingerprinting? Mention its importance.
18. Write short notes on: i) Gene expression ii) Mendel laws of inheritance
1st Term Final Examination SAQ.
Session : 2020-21 (SB - 52th)
Group - A
1. Differentiate between crystalloidal and colloidal solution. What do you mean by dialysis? State the clinical
importance of dialysis.
2. Define p& buffer. Name the body fluid buffer systems. How buffer acts
3. Define and classify isotope. Mention the clinical importance of isotopes.
4. Classify carbohydrate. Write cown the types and importance of glycosaminoglycan(GAGs).
5. Classify protein functionally with example. Name the ordered structure of protein. Name the essential amino acids.
Define & classify fatty acids. Name the different types of phospholipids with their importance.
7. classify enzyme according to IUB & MD with one example of each. Name the factors affecting enzyme activity.
8. What is plasma non-functional enzyme? Mention the types of enzyme inhibitors. Write down the clinical
importance of LDH and CPK.
9. Write short notes on:- a) lipoprotein b) Co-enzyme
Group B
1. What is SDA? Mention the SDA of different types of food with importance. Calculate energy expenditure of a
medical student.
2. What is visual cycle? Mention the functions and deficiency features of vitamin A. 2+3
3. What is dietary fiber? Give some examples. Write down the advantages & disadvantages of dietary fiber
4. Define and classify vitamin. How vitamin D is synthesized encogenously?
What are the antioxidant vitamins and why so called? Write down the biochemical basis of scurvy in vitamin C deficiency.
What do you mean by macromineral and micromineral? Mention the function & deficiency feature of calcium and iron.
 262
Biochemistry Paper : II

7. Define balance diet, BMR and BMI. Name the proximate principles of food. Mention the energy expenditure of
a sedentary person
8. Mention the source and functions of vitamin B9. What is pernicious anemia? Tell the mechanism of pernicious
anemia.

9. Write short notes on: i) Glycemic index (GI) ii) Nitrogen balance
1st Term Final Examination SAQ.
Session 2015-2016 (SB-47th)
Group - A
1.
Define pH & Buffer. Name the body fluid buffer systems. How buffer acts?
2. Define colloids & crystalloids. Write down the properties of colloids. Name some colloids.
3. Classify membrane transport with example. Write the differences between active transport and facilitated
diffusion.

4. Define carbohydrate. Classify carbohydrates. What is optical isomerism?

5. Give the IUB classification of enzymes with one example of each. Write down the effect of substrate
concentration and pH, on enzyme activity.
6. Classify lipids. Name the essential fatty acids with their importance.
7. Classify protein on the basis of their function. Briefly discuss the denaturation of protein.
8. Classify lipoprotein. Draw & label a generalized structure of a lipoprotein. Why HDL is good for our health?
9. Write short notes on:
a) Isotopes.
b) Coenzymes.

10. Classify body fluid compartments. Write down the principle of measurement of body fluid volumes. Write in
tabulated form from the indicators used in measuring the different body fluid volumes.
11. Write down the electrolyte composition of ECF with their normal values. What is water turnover?
12. Write down the daily water intake and output chart of an individual. Briefly discuss water homeostasis.
13. Name the simple acid base disorders with their primary defects. Briefly discuss the acid base parameters.
14. State the forms of calcium present in blood. Write down the functions of ionized calcium. Briefly discuss about
the hormones involved in calcium homeostasis.

15. Define metabolic acidosis with its causes. How is it compensated and corrected?
16. Briefly discuss transport maximum, renal threshold and plasma clearance of a substance. Write down the
criteria of an ideal indicator for measurement of body fluid volumes.
17. Briefly discuss potassium homeostasis. Define hypokalemia with its clinical effects.
18. Write short notes on :
a) Isotonic volume contraction.
b) Anion gap.
2nd Term Final Examination, SAQ.
Session: 2015-2016 (SB - 47th)
Group - A
1.
Name the digestive juices with their pH. Write down the role of bile salt in fat digestion & absorption.
2. Name the metabolic pathways occurring in mitochondria. Calculate the ATP production when I mole of glucose
is completely oxidized.

3. Define & draw the respiratory chain showing four complexes. Write down the inhibitors of respiratory chain &
oxidative phosphorylation with their site of action.
4. Name the pathways of fat metabolism. Mention the end products & an account of ATP generation after B
oxidation of I mole of 16 C fatty acid.
5. Describe briefly amino acid pool. Define transamination & deamination with example.
6. Name the lipoproteins. Draw & level a structure of a lipoprotein. Briefly state the functions of HDL.
7. Define gluconeogenesis & substrates. Mention the importances of HMP shunt pathway.
8. Classify nitrogen balance with example. Write down the sources and fates of ammonia.
9. write short notes on:
a) Acetyl CoA.
b) ketoacidosis.

Group - B
10. Define nutrition, food & diet. Name the essential nutrients. Write the advantages & disadvantages of dietary
fibers.
11. Define BMR and BMI. Write down the daily calorie requirement of a female during pregnancy and lactation.
12. Name the water soluble vitamins with their active forms. Write down the deficiency features thiamine & niacin.
 263
Biochemistry Paper: II

13. Name the common nutritional disorders of Bangladesh. Classify PEM according to WHO. Differentiate
between kwashiorkor and marasmus.
14. Name the vitamins having antioxidant functions. Name the active forms of vitamin-A with their functions.
Describe visual cycle briefly.
15. Briefly discuss photo biogenesis of vitamin D. Write down the functions & deficiency features of vitamin.
16. Define and classify vitamins. Write the sources, functions & deficiency features of vitamin-C.
17. Define macro & micro minerals. Name the micro minerals. Write down the role of iron & iodine in human
health.
18. Write short notes on:
a) Folate trap hypothesis.
b) Dietary fibers.

"There is no god but He: That is the witness of Allah, His angels, and
those endued with knowledge, standing firm on justice. There is no god
but He, the Exalted in Power, the Wise" [Al-Imran-18].
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