Type Drug Mnemonic

Pillars Week 1 makes this country bleed

Salicylates Aspirin (inhibits TXA-2, spares PGI)
Atorvastatin
acebutolol, atenolol,
Beta-Blockers metoprolol Aces Attend Met Ball

Nitrates and Nitrites Nitroglycerin Nitro Go (g for cGMP)

Renal Pharmacology
Acetazolamide OHH DAANG (adverse
Furosemide effects, two(Blocks
Salty Tide H's, two A's)
NaCl
Diuretics Hydrochlorothiazide channels); HyperGLUC
the Enac channels); TRI
Triamterene hard - no time to waste
spironolactONE blocks
Spironolactone aldosterONE
Cardio Sacubitril (with Scooby doo has a brain
Neprilysin Inhibitors valsartan as Entresto) (BNP)

Vasodilators: Fourever Vera Wang; V

Calcium Channel for Ventricle. Class IV
Blocker Verapamil
Amlodipine, antiarrythmic
DIhydropyridine;
Nifedipine Dihydros
Prime Timeaffect
PrilsDa body
(first line
ACE Inhibitors
Angiotensin Lisinopril,
Candesartan;Captopril for hypertension).
"Sartan" = ARB; Sultans
receptor blockers Losartan are
HasArabic
Ren in the name;
Renin inhibitors Aliskiren Alley cats
Present can't
was pee
also a like
Warfarin vKORC1. (quirky)
 Hep hypes up antithrombin
(rapid). the Hep squad

ApiXaban,
Anti-arrythmic RivaroXaban Factor Xa inhibitors
poop can't pee can't(X)spit
Drugs Class Ia - Quinidine can't see!
are heartless. Mexican
Class Ib - Lidocaine Phajitas are Lit (liddy)
If you're strong you don't
Class
Class Ic
II -- Flecainide give
It a FLEC
takes TWO people to
Propranolol
Class III - lololol
alone"
Amiodarone No I'm a QT
Class IV - Verapamil
Adenosine - FOURever Vera Wang
ADditional pacemaker
Others Adenocard (not SA)
Digoxin Strong and Slow Ox

Trop tells you it's an

Atropine
Non-selective anticholinergic
two lungs. PROS block
b-blockers b1,b2: propranolol
atenolol, both
metoprolol
carvediolol, Aces
"CarveAttend Met
out the Ball
alphabet".
labetalol Alpha-beta-lol
a1-blockers Prazosin
Inhibitors - Pray for sympathy
Milrinone Buy a million PHones
 Hydralazine Milk (Ca2+)Minoxidil
potassium. and water (hyd
says
Vasodilators Minoxidil MI-not todaySoda hypes
Big K Soda.
Pillars Drugs Class
Class III
Ia -- Sotalol you
The up (adverse effect)
Queen's
Procainamide Proclamation
Pulm Drugs B2 agonist -
Albuterol
B2 agonist - Al-bu-bu-terol
go to the gym with her
Salmeterol
Glucorticoid - (heart is adverse effect)
Budesonide
Leukotriene Agents Buddy
mountainyou're so sweet
makes you
-Chromones
Montelukast- nervous (adverse)
Google Chrome is
Cromolyn STABLE
Pillars Drugs Prednisone blood; can't see the
Class I Chloroquine colors (adverse)
Pirfenidone
Nintedanib
Pulmonary

Endothelin receptor Epoprostenol PGI2 and thr-ee-p-o

antagonists
Guanylatecyclase Bosentan End stage Bosses are toxic
(SGC) stimulator
CHOLINERGIC Riociguat Rio is guon
AGONISTS
CHOLINERGIC Edrophonium
Physostigmine,
AGONISTS Rivastigmine "Stigmine"
alzheimer's.suffix
also he makes
Donepezil you throw up
Galantamine Nice gals...?
Scopolamine
l-hyoscyamine I"trop".
and Isomer
You've known your
Tiotropium Tio for a LONG time
Ipratropium
Diabetes Drugs
Biguanides Metformin BUBU Beta cell
Sulfonylureas Glyburide, Glipizide depolarization

Repeat it back (same

MEGLITINIDES Repaglinide MoA as glyburide)

Pico was drunk (edema,

hepatotoxicity, heart
failure), was PPARtly
THIAZOLIDINEDION Pioglitazone there
a-GLUCOSIDASE Mi glock inhibits
INHIBITORS Miglitol oligosaccharidase
Thank you, Next (GLP-1
GLP-1 AGONISTS Exenatide ifSweetagLIPTON
insulin doesn't work)
(sweet
DPP-4 INHIBITORS
Amylin Peptide Sitagliptin tea)
Analog Pramlintide PrAMYLIN

SGLT-2
INHIBITORS Empagliflozin FLOzin = kidney
PRO baseball tubules
players
Propionic
DNA Acids
Synthesis Ibuprofen/Naproxen block 1st and 2nd base
Inhibitor Trimethoprim Bactrim makes
NOcardia; Big makes
Bactrim Cells
Sulfonamides Sulfamethoxazole Big Cells
DNA Alkylating Drugs Cyclophosphamide
Terazosin,
a1-blockers Tamsulosin 5th (for 5-alpha
Finasteride reductase)
Tras-TWO-zumab for HER-
Trastuzumab 2
atpos breastreceptors
ER(beta) cancer ->
Tamoxifen endometrial cancer)
Reproductive Drugs Ethinyl estradiol
Levonorgestrel congested, MUCUS
(plan B) PLUG
Aromatic Ana (my friend
Anastrazole Ana is smelly)
Clomiphene
Folic acid blood; can't see the
Hydroxychloroquine colors (adverse)
Prednisone
Methylprednisolone M to N
MoA Therapeutic Uses

inflammatory bc inhibits both COX-1 and other thromboembolic disorders

COX-2
LDL recycling; decrease mortality in CAD (blood clots). Kawasaki disease.
patients. DECREASE
juxtaglomerular cells inLDL
the THE MOST
kidney - by
reducing HR, reduce risk of arrythmia Rate control in afib

*Nitrates release nitric oxide (NO) which

preferentially diffuses into venous smooth
muscle activating guanylylcyclase leading to
increased production of cGMP which
increases myosin phosphatase activity and
leads to decreased levels of myosin Angina, acute coronary syndrome,
phosphate and smooth muscle relaxation pulmonary edema.

reabsorption (via a basolateral PT

transporter)
Na+/K+/2Cl- co-transporter in the ascending HAPE/Acute Mountain
with heart failure Sickness
and cirrhosis,
limb of the
Inhibits the loop of Henle.
Na+/Cl-symporter in the early coarctation of the aorta
portion of the distal tubule
blocks Na+channels in the late distal Diuretic
convoluted tubule and the collectingActs
Aldosterone receptor antagonists. ducton Potassium-sparing
Potassium-sparing diuretic
diuretic. Reduce
the collecting duct. mortality in chronic heart failure.

levels of peptides, including natriuretic

peptides Heart failure

Inhibit L-type and P/Q/T (long-lasting,

large channels) Ca2+ channels located
on vascular smooth muscle, cardiac
muscle and the SA and AV nodes → Arrythmias, hypertension,
inhibition of cell depolarization and angina, peripheral arterial
muscle contraction
vascular smooth muscle, reduce muscle disease, rate control
hypertension, angina,inperipheral
Afib
contractility
bradykinin, but you're not able to get to arterial disease
disease) •stroke prevention
that step.
•do not alter bradykinin cleavage and •heart failure heart failure,
hypertension,
destruction.
angiotensin IAngiotensin
→ decreasedII isformation
still around
of diabetic nephropathy,
kidney disease) •strokeproteinuria
angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor)
EXtrinsic pathway and increases PT. prevention •heart placenta).
heparin, crosses failure
Long half-life. Follow PT/INR.
Antithrombin inhibits thrombin (factor IIa) and
factors VIIa, Xa, XIa, XIIa.
Heparin enhances the activity of
antithrombin.
Principal targets of antithrombin: thrombin
(factor IIa) and factor Xa.

Treatment and prophylaxis for DVT

and PE; stroke prophylaxis in
patients with atrial fibrillation.
Oral agents do not usually require
Bind to
-Anti and directlyactivity
cholinergic inhibit factor
(whichXa.
can coagulation monitoring. following MI
•re-entrant arrhythmias
increase conduction in SA/AV
-Alters ischemic/depolarized cells nodes) (procainamide)
•mexiletine - life threating arrhythmias
(decreased conduction)
phase 0 (the upstroke) •phenytoin - congenital
tachyarrhythmias, prolonged
rhythm control QT syndrome, ventricular tachycardia
Blocks K
occurs in channels but do not
hyperthyroidism) andalter theT3
T4 -> QT Hyperthyroidism,
in afib rate control in
-conversion afib
Increases refractory period and reduces (bretylium, amiodarone, sotolol),
re-entry current.
decreases the conduction velocity rhythm control in afib
through the AV node
hyperpolarization and suppression of rate control in afib
Ca2+ action potentials
rate, increased PR and shortens QT AV Nodal Re-entry
fibrillation, Tachycardia
Wolff-Parkinson-White
interval syndrome, AV block

■ blocks H+ secretion by inhibiting

cholinergic muscarinic receptors on
parietal cells, thereby inhibiting ACh
stimulation of H+ secretion. ALSO inhibits
histamine stimulation of H+ secretion
■ is particularly effective in reducing H+
secretion because it not only blocks the
histamine stimulation of H+ secretion but
also blocks histamine's potentiation of used for nerve agent exposure
ACh effects. and as an adjuvant with
* tertiary amine (readily enter CNS) with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
little nicotinic
*Many in this receptor antagonism
class reduce insulin during
coronaryNMJB reversal•congestive
syndromes
sensitive
secretion and fromworsen diabetes cells in the heart
juxtaglomerular failure•glaucoma
•congestive heart
kidney failure•glaucoma
orthostatic hypotension; also has intrinsic •congestive heart failure
sympathomimetic at b2 and myocardial
heart rate, contractility, •glaucoma
oxygen
SERCA)demands-> increased intracellular Ca2+ PTSD term/intermittent has not been
and contraction shown to be safe or effective
intracellular Ca2+ levels in arteriolar
smooth muscle →vasodilation
electrochemical gradient; this makes it Hypertension, CHF
Hair loss (Rogaine);
harder
INCREASES AP to
for Ca 2+ enter INCREASES
duration, hypertension
(bretylium, amiodarone, sotolol),
ERP, INCREASES
-Anti cholinergic QT interval.
activity (which can rhythm control
•re-entrant in afib,following
arrhythmias ARVD MI
increase conduction in SA/AV nodes) (procainamide)
Short acting B2 agonist - RESCUE •chronic bronchitis
Therapy
increase in intracellular cAMP. Always •emphysema
•chronic bronchitis
given withthe
-Prevent inhaled corticosteroids.
production of arachidonic •emphysema
not to be used for acute
acid by inhibiting phospholipase
contraction and secretions, and promote A2. treatment
the need for glucocorticoids in select
vascular
Believed leakage.
to act as mast cell stabilizers patients
asthma, used topically in rhino-
preventing
reversal of mast cell degranulation
increased capillary conjunctivitis
permeability.
of heme into hemozoin. Heme elsewhere) or artesunate.
accumulates
accumulation ofand is toxic to cells
inflammatory plasmodia.
resulting Hydroxychloroquine for SLE.
from a variety
signaling whichofisstimuli.
crucial for the proliferation, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
migration, and transformation of fibroblasts. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

thrombogenesis and platelet clumping in the

lungs by inhibiting
endothelium platelet smooth
and vascular aggregation
muscle pulmonary artery hypertension
(increases
generation cAMP
of cGMPandwith
decreases Ca2+)
subsequent pulmonary artery hypertension
vasodilation
peripherally acting competitive, non-covalent pulmonary artery hypertension
used for diagnosis of myasthenia
inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase gravis
long (Pyridostigmine, Neostigmine) and short reversal of neuromuscular blockade
t1/2’s
limit peripheral side effects by depot effect in during surgery,
mild-severe and paralytic
Alzheimer’s ileus
disease
brain
centrally acting non-carbamylating agent and dementia Alzheimer’s and
mild-moderate
inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase
tertiary amine (readily penetrates CNS) with dementia
prominent CNS effects
l-isomer of atropine with similar profile and motion sickness
adverse effects
not selective for muscarinic receptors. LONG used for COPD, bronchospasm
acting
quaternary amine; few CNS effects. SHORT prophylaxis, emphysemafrom COPD;
used for bronchospasm
acting rhinorrhea
-> increased peripheral glucose uptake
and insulin insensitivity
depolarization of b-cells, Ca2+ influx and
exocytosis of insulin

•stimulatesnuclear
•activates insulin hormone
release from b-cells
receptor
like sulfonylureas
PPAR and more effectively
(found in adipocytes)
reduces
=> postprandial
alterations serum glucose
in transcription and
levels
expression of genes
=> ups expression of GLUT4 in insulin-
sensitive tissues (fat, muscle)
=> ups glucose uptake into tissues–
promotes adipocyte differentiation
=> ups insulin sensitivity
=> ups transcription of insulin-responsive
genes (adiponectin)–
=> decreases transcription of insulin-
resistance genes (11βHSD1)
glucose absorption and postprandial
hyperglycemia
growth and proliferation, slows gastric
emptying
decreasesand decreases
glucagon food intake
secretion from
pancreatic a-cells
decreases food intake through central
mechanism

blocks glucose reabsorption in the

proximal convoluted tubule in nephrons
of the kidney => glycosuria and
decreases
(both COX-1blood
and glucose
COX-2).levels
Block
prostaglandin synthesis.
[TMPSMX]), causing sequential block of prophylaxis, toxoplasmosis
folate synthesis.
synthase), decrease uptake, or increase prophylaxis.
Listeria, E. coli, M. catarrhalis, H.
PABA synthesis. influenzae, Proteus, Kledsiella
active form covalently cross links adjacent Solid tumors, leukemia, lymphomas
heart rate, contractility, and myocardial
Guanine residues in DNA blocking DNA
failure, benign prostatic
oxygen
leads todemands
inhibition of conversion of hypertrophy (BPH)
testosterone to dihydrotestosterone BPH, baldness
monoclonal antibody that binds to the
receptors in non-breast tissue (uterine HER-2 ⊕ breast cancer and
epidermal growth factor receptor Her-2 => gastriccancer
cancer (tras2zumab)
endometrium)
leading to inhibition of ovulation by Breast
triggering
creating a feedback inhibitory pathways
“hostile environment” or barrier Contraception
for sperm penetration
androstenediones andactive
for the implantation
site of Contraception
aromatase
inhibition and release of LH and FSH from Breast cancer
pituitary, which stimulates ovulation PCOS
Neural
of tube
heme defects
into hemozoin. Heme elsewhere) or artesunate.
accumulates and is toxic to
reversal of increased capillaryplasmodia. Hydroxychloroquine for SLE.
permeability.
- leukocyte growth related factors (ex. G-
CSF) Optic neuritis
Physiologic Effect

COX-1). Acute interstitial nephritis/acute kidney

injury. Metabolic
used with fibratesacidosis
or (the S in MUDPILES).
niacin)

Reflex tachycardia (treat with β-blockers),

hypotension, flushing, headache, “Monday
disease” in industrial exposure: development of
tolerance for the vasodilating action during the
work week and loss of tolerance over the
weekend -> tachycardia, dizziness, headache
upon reexposure. Contraindicated in right
ventricular infarction, hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy, and with concurrent PDE-5
inhibitor use. Pregnancy category C*.
Nitroprusside affects both arterial and venous
vasodilatation, unlike other nitrates, which affect
only venous vasodilatation.

bases such as amphetamine, psudoephedrine,

and quinidine
vertigo, and hearing deficits (reversible).
Hypomagnesia,
transporter whichhypocalcemia.
secretes diuretic back out into
the tubular fluid.
MOD Update: bradycardia, hypotension, edema,
and CHF
gynecomastia and impotence in men
(Spironolactone)

hypotenstion, hyperkalemia, changes in serum

creatinine levels

Nondihydropyridine; Affect afterload not

preload. Compared to dihydros, suppress AV
and SA node
blockers conduction Adverse:
but Amlodipine! more.
hypotension, edema
chest pain, and palpitations
•Black boxheadache,
tiredness, warning no
for cough
pregnant women!
•Black box warning
Hyperkalemia. for pregnantHypotension.
Angioedema. women
Headache.
due to smallDizziness. Diarrhea. Cough.
vessel microthrombosis. Not for
pregnant women!
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Bleeding. Reverse
antinuclear with (procainamide)
antibody andeXanet alfa.
•syncope (quinidine)
tremor) (lidocaine)
•Cardiovascular
Prolongs QRS.depression
Adverse: arrhythmias
(contraindicated in post-MI)
Prolongsmicrodeposits
corneal PR. Increases TPR
(amiodarone).
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
Prolongs PR interval
•Hyperkalemia •Blurry yellow vision. DRUG
DRUG INTERACTIONS

Adverse effect: tachycardia, anhydriosis (bc

the receptor Sudden
dysfunction, at sweatdiscontinuation
glands is Ach) can
precipitate
dysfunction,a Sudden
withdrawal syndrome can
discontinuation
precipitate
dysfunction,a Sudden
withdrawal syndrome can
discontinuation
precipitate
Orthostatica hypotension
withdrawal syndrome
and first-dose
syncope in patients taking a diuretic.
nausea/vomiting, thrombocytopenia,
ventricular tachycardia/sudden death
peripheral edema, nausea, lupus-like
syndrome
changes, CHF, pericardial effusion*,
pericarditis, pulmonary
blockade, intrinsic edema, hypertrichosis
sympathomimetic activity
SPECIFIC for antibody
antinuclear Sotalol (procainamide)
•syncope (quinidine)
•high doses of inhaled or oral β2 agonists may
cause dysrhythmias
•high doses of inhaled or oral β2 agonists may
cause dysrhythmias
-increase protein breakdown
-activate lipolysis
restlessness, in the
suicidal periphery
thinking and behavior
(including suicide) and tremor.
and anaphylaxis are much more Arrythmia
serious, but
very rare). Arrythmia
avascular necrosis (femoral head),
Hashimoto's
impaired hearing, and cardiac conduction
events are also possible, rarely.

pain, nausea, diarrhea, leg cramps, and pain and

infection at the(necessitates
hepatotoxicity injection site liver function
monitoring)
hypotension, headache, dizziness, edema,
palpitations

Diarrhea, muscle cramps, nausea and vomiting

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

GI (diarrhea, nausea/vomiting), B12

deficiency,
GI lactic
fx, fatigue, acidosis!!
Aplastic Weight
anemia, loss.
hemolytic
anemia, agranulocytosis

Dr Lee: same MoA as sulfonylureas. GI fx,

arthralgia, URIs, Hypersensitivity rxns,
thrombocytopenia, leukopenia. Moderate
risk of hypoglycemia

Take a while to work (8-12 weeks) because

affecting transcription.
Dr Lee note: decreases HbA1c by 0.6% to
0.8%. Edema, URIs, Hepatotoxicity, heart
failure, risk of fractures
Dr. Lee: causes increased gas bc you are
keeping
decrease.allAdverse:
these carbs
GIs,inangioedema,
your intestines
hypersensitivity rxns, pancreatitis
agonists. Angioedema, pancreatitis, URIs
and UTIs
Amylin plays a role in glycemic regulation by slowing gastric emptying and promoting satiety, thereby preventing po

UTIs, bone
trimester fractures,
(can Osmotic
prematurely diuresis
close ductus
arteriosus)
phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. TMP
Treats Marrow
drugs from Poorly.
albumin (eg, warfarin). Displaces
bilirubin from albumin - kernictus in infants.
Myelosuppression; SIADH; Fanconi syndrome
dose effect, orthostatic hypotension, altered
(ifosfamide); hemorrhagic cystitis and bladder
serum lipids
erectile dysfunction, testicular pain, breast
cancer (long-term treatment)
first line agent for ER-postiive breast cancer
due to itshypertension,
disease, effectiveness.hypertriglyceridemia,
Thromboembolism
MIGRAINE***
vaginal bleeding, fever and chills,
headache, tachycardia
Hot flashes,
Hot flashes,ovarian
joint pain
enlargement, multiple
simultaneous pregnancies, visual disturbances
impaired hearing, and cardiac conduction
events arenecrosis
avascular also possible, rarely.
(femoral head),
Hashimoto's
stool, muscle weakness, excessive thirst,
and abnormal heart beats
Notes

draw aspirin out into urine (Baseball BASES loaded). Inhibition

of COX -> makes more leukotrienes (aspirin-induced asthma)

risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism and

skin/tissue necrosis. Metabolized by cytochrome P-450.
Adrenal insufficiency may develop if drug is stopped
abruptly after chronic use

which reduces peripheral adverse effects and increases drug

levels in the CNS
No charge - can cross BBB
hyperkalemia. COX 1-> gastric mucus secretion and
TXA-2.

Adrenal insufficiency may develop if drug is stopped

abruptly after chronic use