Journal of Positive Psychology & Wellbeing http://journalppw.

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2022, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1946 – 1953 ISSN 2587-0130

THE ROLE OF EDUCATION PSYCHOLOGY FOR LEARNING

Suid Saidi
University of Kutai Kartanegara

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the role of educational psychology in learning. This research
uses a qualitative method with a literature study. The result of this research is educational psychology
in the teaching and learning process does not only include improving the quality of student learning in
relation to their psychological development but also studying the development of students in their
interactions with lessons and factors that can affect learning in approaches which can affect learning.
The conclusion of this study is that educational psychology is an important tool to use as a basis for
thinking, acting for educators, counselors, and also other educational professionals in managing the
teaching and learning process. In addition to understanding the characteristics of the soul of a student,
psychology also has the task of creating an effective learning atmosphere, helping educators to be able
to choose the most effective learning method according to the characteristics and problems of students,
helping educators to be able to generate student learning motivation. Therefore, educational psychology
is very important in education and also for future development.

Keywords: educational psychology, role, learning

Introduction experience that can be used as methods and

means in carrying out their duties as teachers.
The purpose of education is a process of change Iris V. Cully states, "Sensitive educators
in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor recognize that the body of knowledge and
aspects of a person or group and efforts to human experience is not the only ingredient for
mature humans through teaching and training raising children. Their work must also include
efforts. Education is a process of interaction and an understanding of the factors in interpersonal
training between two or more people, between relationships. Results of investigations
teachers and students which results in a change psychology show that growth and development
in attitudes and behavior towards the better. include personal integrity in the whole
The problem of education is a problem that environment. Good school teachers, always
involves living together, both in family life and aware of such factors at work in their task"
in society, education is a very important activity (Sakerebau, 2018).
because it is an activity that determines human In addition to teachers, in learning each student
life and culture (Intarti, 2016). is influenced by many factors, which can be
Because education is carried out by today's classified into two factors, namely internal
society, that will determine the life of the nation factors, namely factors that come from within
in the future, so it is very important to pay the students themselves and external factors,
attention to education issues carefully so that the namely factors that come from outside the
weaknesses that exist in the world of education students, namely from parents, from teachers,
can be corrected so that people's lives can be and from society. Internal factors are divided
better in the future. That is why in this case the into three, namely physical factors,
role of education is very important. psychological factors, and fatigue factors.

One of the success factors in education is the In psychological factors, there are at least seven
teacher, for that teacher, therefore, teachers need factors that influence learning, including
to have extensive and complete knowledge and intelligence, attention, interest, talent, motive,

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1947 Journal of Positive Psychology & Wellbeing

maturity, and readiness. And these factors must of the students, thus psychological problems that
be considered by every educator in order to play a role in the child's education process can
control and regulate learning so that it can take be answered if the educator can provide
place effectively, directed, and optimally (Umi assistance to students so that they develop
Kulsum, 2021). naturally through guidance and counseling,
providing structured and quality learning
A good teacher is a teacher who can understand materials.
and understand the problems or constraints of a
student and the psychological problems of Therefore a teacher needs to continuously strive
students. Teachers who can understand the to understand those he will lead in the
problems of their students are teachers who do educational process, teachers need to learn the
not impose their will on students, who listen to basic characteristics of students inherited from
complaints and learning problems from parents, the growth of students. And teachers
students, and who also do not impose tasks that also have to prepare the basics of what
exceed the abilities of students (Busiri, 2020). psychology will be used in shaping the character
of students. A teacher needs to know why a
Psychology is something that is very essential in student does certain things and also know what
the "world" of education, this is very essential activities are most important and helpful in the
because in welcoming the era of globalization, educational process.
education plays an important role and becomes
one of the most determining factors for the So it is a must for every educator who is
progress of a nation. If a nation does not advance responsible for carrying out their duties must act
in education then surely that nation cannot in a way that is in accordance with the
compete with other nations and will become a circumstances of the students. Therefore,
backward nation. For this, psychology must be psychological knowledge about students in the
applied in the world of education, so that educational process should be used as a
education can run effectively (Novianti, 2015). necessity for educators to have knowledge about
the mental state of students. Because education
Psychology is a science that studies humans can only run effectively if the education can
from the point of view of human characteristics answer and meet the psychological needs of
and behavior. Psychology comes from the Greek students.
"Psyche" which means soul, spirit, or soul, while
"logy" or "logos" means science or knowledge.
So psychology means the science of the soul or
Theoretical Review
the study of the characteristics and symptoms
experienced by the human soul. So in this case Basic Concept of Educational Psychology
psychology plays an important role in education
because psychology as a science is trying to Psychology in terms of linguistics comes from
understand the circumstances of students who two Greek words, namely psyche which means
are different from one another. Where Java, and the word "logos" which means science
knowledge of psychology is very important for or knowledge. So psychology can mean the
teachers to be able to understand the process and science of Java or psychology for short, and
stages of learning for their students. because the term "psychiatry" is still unclear in
its meaning, psychology is still given an
The benefits and uses of educational psychology independent definition as a scientific discipline
also help to understand the characteristics of that is adapted to the direction of interest and
students, whether they are slow learners or fast currents at that time. So that psychology is
learners. By knowing these characteristics the sometimes defined in relation to the disciplines
teacher can design a learning approach for these of biology, sociology, or even to the disciplines
different students so that learning can be carried of philosophy (Sakerebau, 1994).
out optimally according to the characteristics of
the participants. Sumadi Suryabrata stated that Psychology is constantly evolving in its
"The core problem of educational psychology meaning. This is because the notion of the soul
lies in the students because education is the has never been agreed upon since time
treatment of students whose psychological immemorial. The nature and history of
treatment must be in harmony with the condition psychology can be divided into three periods: (1)

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Suid Saidi 1948

pre-systematic psychology which is as old as From England, a philosopher named George

human history and consists of relatively Berkeley (1685-1753) defined the soul as
disorganized reflections based on religious and perception. According to Berkeley, the soul can
mythological ideas. (2) Systematic psychology be the cause of human ideas. Berkeley tends to
dating back to about 400 BC was started by Plato agree with Descartes' understanding that matter
and contains rationally ordered reflections. (3) is not reality so it is not real, what is real is only
Scientific psychology which began towards the everything that exists in the soul, namely ideas.
end of the 19th century and contains factual An idea is an absolute fact that cannot be denied.
conclusions that can be defined and are a Berkeley's famous motto is "Esse ist Percipe"
separate scientific unit (Ajhuri, 2019). (truth is perception). According to Berkeley,
ideas existed before sensation and experience,
In Greek times, philosophers tried to study the and perception was influenced by ideas, not by
soul. Plato was the first Greek philosopher who their effective form.
began to define the soul, for Plato what appears
in the world is only a shadow of a real, An American pragmatic philosopher named
unchanging world and he calls that world an idea William James became the first person to write
or soul. According to Plato, the idea or soul is the first general psychology book, he
eternal, unchanging. By Plato the soul and the emphasized the function of consciousness, not
body are seen as two realities that must be the components of consciousness. This
distinguished or separated, the soul comes from perspective is known as functionalism which
the world of ideas that have a rational function, emphasizes practical applications in everyday
the will or the courage of desire or lust which is research, and from this work, the milestones of
associated with self-control. Harun Hadiwijono psychology as a separate discipline began to be
stated, "The soul is like a chariot with a race considered.
(rational function) drawn by a winged horse,
namely the horse of truth, which runs up to the At this time psychology is still defined based on
world of ideas, and the horse of desire or lust, its uses, because of the diversity of these views,
which runs downwards, into the world of in a more modern era, experts tend to seek
attraction in the end. it is lust that wins, so the common ground. In 1897 in Leipzig, Wilhelm
chariot falls into the world of symptoms and is Wundt for the first time put forward the idea of
imprisoned by the soul." Plato views the soul as separating psychology as a separate discipline.
a substance that gives true life and knowledge, The object of study of Wundt's psychology is
which allows people to see the world of ideas more directed not to abstract concepts anymore
and seek the true truth. Plato's understanding of but rather to behavior that can be studied
the eternal soul was met with resistance from his objectively.
students, Aristotle, who put forward a sharp Wundt defines psychology as a science that
critique of Plato's opinion about ideas. For investigates experiences that arise from humans,
Aristotle, the soul is not a function of feelings, thoughts, and motivations and does not
remembering, so for Aristotle psychology is a investigate experiences that arise from outside
science that studies the symptoms of life and the humans because experiences from outside
soul is also an element of life. humans are objects of natural science. Carole
In the 17th century, the notion of the soul Wade and Carrol Tavris stated that Psychology
underwent another development. Rene is the scientific study of behavior and mental
Descartes a French philosopher (1596-1650) processes, and how they are affected by an
sparked the definition that psychology is the organism's physical state, mental state, and
science of consciousness. Descartes said that the external environment."
soul is related to "important spirits" and through From the etymological understanding and from
this relationship, there is an interaction between some of the experts above, the writer concludes
soul and body. The soul cannot influence these that psychology is a science that investigates and
spirits, but it can change the direction of motion studies thoroughly, comprehensively, and
of these "important spirits". For Aristotle, there critically about attitudes, behavior, and human
are not three souls in humans, but only one, activities, where the nature, behavior, and
namely the rational soul that humans have (Sri activities are manifestations of mental life.
Esti Wuryani Djiwandono, 2014).
The Scope of Educational Psychology

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1949 Journal of Positive Psychology & Wellbeing

Education is essentially a non-stop process since In the process of growth, there is also a process
humans are born until humans die. In education, of development. This can not be separated
all aspects of life that make up a human life are because growth and development are a matter of
summarized, biological aspects related to brain change. If growth is a process of change in the
activity and the nervous system, physical aspects physical aspects of humans and occurs
related to physical development, cognitive spontaneously, then a person's development
aspects that see and understand human actions occurs because of a learning effort and because
only within the framework of understanding the of psychological adjustments made by a person.
stimulus and also the psychological aspects Development is something that is absolute and
involved is a combination of cognitive, cannot happen again. This development occurs
awareness, perception, and ideas (Sugianto, gradually and is absolute or must occur.
2020). Therefore, growth and development that
generally occur in individuals will continue
All these aspects are interrelated with each other without stopping until the end of life
and cannot be separated in education. The (Fatimaningrum, Paud, Pendidikan, &
essence of education which is the interaction Yogyakarta, n.d.).
between teachers and students can run Growth and development, in general, is very
effectively if each individual can understand the influential in the world of education because in
characteristics and state of each other's soul. The the world of education through growth and
systematic study of processes and factors related development it can be seen the mental, physical
to understanding the characteristics and mental and spiritual changes of students in attending
states of each individual in the world of education.
education is called educational psychology. 2. Child’s Mentality
Witherington further stated, "Educational The second scope studied by educational
psychology is not only considered as a psychology is psychology or the mental state of
psychology that is practiced. Educational the child. Childhood is the most basic period and
psychology is a study or science that has its own is the starting point of growth and development
right, it is true, that certain aspects of in all aspects and functions that exist in a person,
educational psychology are obviously this makes this period a very important and
philosophical in nature but As a science, difficult time.
educational psychology has its own structure It is important in the sense that at this time what
and principles or basic truths, objective facts, is experienced by a person will give very deep
and techniques that are useful for investigation. meaning and so affect the formation of a
As in other sciences, the types of problems faced person's personality in his later life in society,
by educational psychology as science also have and is also a difficult time because at this time it
their own uniqueness and complexity because is difficult to shape the child's personality.
they are caused by the breadth of the problem Psychology in childhood is strongly influenced
and also because of the ongoing investigation of by the environmental conditions in which it is
educational psychology issues. Discusses the located, therefore psychological development at
scope of educational psychology so that the this time should occur regularly and be directed
discussion in this paper is more focused and towards a level of maturity and improvement in
focused (Gojali, 2017). the learning process (Sarnoto, 2012).
In the psychological development of learners,
1. Individual Growth and Development there are four stages, namely, the sensory-motor
Since humans are born, life begins to exist and stage, where an individual performs a reflex
will experience growth and development. Every movement repeatedly to achieve certain goals.
human being will experience this. This is The pre-operational stage is the stage where
undeniable because in the human body there will individuals begin to use symbols and distinguish
be changes, both physical and physical changes. between symbols and objects. The concrete
According to C.P Chalvin as quoted by Desmita, operational stage is the stage where individuals
growth is an increase or increase in the size of begin to use reciprocal relationships. The formal
the body parts or of the organism as a whole. operational stage is the stage where individuals
This means that growth is actually related to the are able to think abstractly and hypothetically.
process of change that occurs in all physical life. Without other people who help the child's
development, the child will experience mental

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Suid Saidi 1950

disorders later even though the child may still be will arouse his curiosity. And it is his curiosity
able to develop something from himself without that drives him to learn.
outside help, with his small body becoming a big A child has a very great curiosity about things
tall body. But one thing is certain that a child that are considered new and interesting,
who develops without outside help will lose his therefore the most important thing in the
human nature and will experience an imbalance. learning process is full freedom for children to
Parents need to find common threads and express themselves for the sake of increasing
synchronization of some of the main things, their intelligence (Dodi, 2016).
which help children develop the basics in their Increasing the intelligence of a child is very
personality. Just as parents choose schools important because it will be very helpful in
according to their value orientation and increasing the success or failure of a student in
expectations, parents should adopt constructive following the educational process. However,
and positive educational patterns from schools. keep in mind that student learning achievement
At least, between the two, they complement each is solely determined by the level of intellectual
other - and not cancel each other out. For this ability.
reason, communication between parents and Factors such as motivation, attitude, physical
children, and communication between parents health, mental, personality, and perseverance as
and the school, is very important to do. We well as other factors also influence increasing
cannot act "knowingly" both towards children achievement. And all these factors lead to
and the school. Because, when something goes intelligence so as to make intelligence an
wrong, we can't just point to the school as the important integral part of education. William
cause of the problems faced by children. Stern, as quoted by Kartini Kartono, stated that
Problems may start/occur at school, but we must intelligence is an innate ability that is used to
look at it wisely because a child's reaction to properly use all tools and thoughts, in order to
something is greatly influenced by the learning adapt to new demands.
process he goes through and the parenting Intellectual abilities can be achieved by regular
pattern that dominates the formation of his teaching and education. Basically, intelligence
attitude and personality. is actually an act of a very good mindset that is
In the period of mental development, a child manifested in an efficient activity, which is
needs the help and assistance of others and the carried out in a fast, easy, and precise action.
most important role is his parents. Parents are Intelligence can also be referred to as learning
fully responsible for the psychological effectiveness through which the results of
development and existence of their children. learning can be applied in life. Educational
And it does not rule out the role of educators in psychology also studies how to increase the
the formation of child psychology so that an effectiveness of learning with its influence on a
educator must be able to understand these stages person's mental development.
so that through them an educator can provide 4. Motivation
meaning in the learning process so that a child Every action is taken, including the act of
can have a harmonious personality in its learning, is caused by an impulse. The urge
development. comes from within an individual to achieve a
The child in relation to himself can be said to be goal, this drive is called motivation.
a unique creation. Smooth and orderly The motivation of people depends on the
development and getting good help from outside strength of their motives. The motive referred to
the child, both from parents and educators, can in this description is a need, desire, impulse, or
make the child an individual who is responsible impulse within the individual (Hersey,
for his actions (Ahmadi & Supriyono, 1991). Blanchard and Johnson, 1996), in other words,
3. Intelligence something that moves someone to act in a
Every human being has a different intelligence certain way, or at least develop a certain
or intelligence that is brought from birth which (Yuhana & Aminy, 2019).
is caused by mental, cultural, and gene factors. In the world of psychology, the urge that a
Therefore, in educational psychology, the issue person feels to do something is referred to as
of differences in intelligence is considered a motivation. Motivation can come from within or
scope that needs to be studied. from outside a person.
The way a child learns is through playing, when
he plays, the child will find something new and

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1951 Journal of Positive Psychology & Wellbeing

Methods long maturation process from the womb of the

world of education as factories".
In this study, the author uses a qualitative
approach. (Dr. Sandu Siyoto, SKM., M.Kes & So that education must be able to break through
Ali Sodik, 2015) stated that "qualitative research various fields or sectors of national
is a research procedure that produces descriptive development, therefore education must be able
data in the form of written or spoken words from to answer the needs of students. Education must
people and observed behavior" (Sugiyono, be effective and effective in the application of
2017). educational materials.
The data collection techniques used by the The teacher is present in teaching activities as an
authors in this study were adjusted to the focus expert who is competent, authoritative and
and objectives of the research, namely literature masters the intricacies of teaching and masters
study. Literature study is research conducted by the knowledge of the ability or absorption of
researchers by collecting a number of books, students because the communication that occurs
magazines, leaflets relating to the problem and in interactions with students tends to be
research objectives (Raco, 2018). The book is dominated by one-way communication patterns
considered a source of data to be processed and because educators do not have knowledge of the
analyzed as many historians, literature, and ability and absorption of students. Therefore,
language experts do (Achmadi, 2011). The educators must be able to understand the
research he did was by reviewing and comparing abilities of students.
library sources to obtain theoretical data
(Sumanto, 2010). Good education or teaching must always be
relevant to the needs of its students. And so that
educators can become learning partners for
students, communication, the interaction
Results and Discussion between teachers and students must be flexible,
The inclusion of education in development personal, and not limited by the walls of the
efforts in various fields is clearly needed. classroom, so an educator must at least have
Stimulation and inclusion of educational efforts knowledge of the personality of his students so
in developing communities have shown that he can have a pattern a flexible, personal
satisfactory results in overcoming problems, approach so that the lessons he gives can be
whether in the political, social, economic, or flexible for students.
socio-cultural fields. Mastery of the psychological principles of
The position of education is a central and students in terms of learning can help and
universal position that absolutely exists and stimulate the enthusiasm of students to learn
must be paid special attention to, because the more efficiently and be more productive.
spearhead of every policy decision that will be Productivity and efficiency of learning can be
taken by a person or institution must ultimately assessed based on the overall process of
be determined again to the high level of planning, structuring, and utilizing resources to
knowledge that has been obtained by a person, realize educational goals effectively and
and also to the students. Educators where efficiently. And in the process of planning,
educators are required to give maximum structuring, and utilizing these resources, an
attention to the quality of education. Khoron educator must create a process or atmosphere
Rosyadi stated, "Thus there is a functional and enthusiasm for learning that is in accordance
relationship between the world of education and with the psychological state of students.
the needs of development, and this is an intimate Teachers are required not only to transfer
relationship between the world of education and lessons to students but are also required to take
development where both complement each actions and ways of life that are in accordance
other. In the 1945 Constitution, it is clearly with what is being taught. Therefore, an
stated that our success in building this republic educator must be someone who has understood
depends on the quality of the implementers or his own personality as a teacher before he
actors who build... where the implementers or understands the personality of his students.
actors of development will be born through a

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Suid Saidi 1952

Educators view psychology as a source of students to be able to apply the knowledge

knowledge about humans in order to make gained. in daily action.
educational practices and hypotheses or pointers
in educational practices, in this connection Therefore, every educator must be able to
educational psychology can assist educators in understand and understand the mental state of
choosing the right learning method so that each student so that through this understanding,
education can run effectively. educators can measure the ability and level of
understanding of students so that every learning
The task of an educator lies not only in the that takes place can take place effectively. This
preparation of teaching materials and their is supported by Mukhtar Martins Yamin who
presentation but also includes planning and stated that "teachers must meet the size of the
directing the evaluation of learning and teaching ability needed to carry out their duties so that
activities. And in this planning and evaluation, students can achieve a high level of education".
several approaches are needed so that educators This means that an educator must be able to have
measure the progress or failure of students and adequate knowledge and mastery of the
also try to assess other aspects related to psychological state of students.
teaching and learning interactions. The approach
must be based on an understanding of the
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