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Political Science Notes Raghav

The notes provide an overview of key concepts in political science, focusing on the definitions and distinctions between state and government, sovereignty, and the role of law. It outlines the elements and purposes of the state, various theories of its origin, and modern perspectives on its functions. Additionally, it categorizes states into types such as democratic and totalitarian, and discusses important concepts like nation, citizenship, and the relationship between government and state.

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31 views2 pages

Political Science Notes Raghav

The notes provide an overview of key concepts in political science, focusing on the definitions and distinctions between state and government, sovereignty, and the role of law. It outlines the elements and purposes of the state, various theories of its origin, and modern perspectives on its functions. Additionally, it categorizes states into types such as democratic and totalitarian, and discusses important concepts like nation, citizenship, and the relationship between government and state.

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POLITICAL SCIENCE NOTES - By Raghav

**POLITICAL SCIENCE NOTES**

Chapter: Introduction to Political Science and State (Post Page 10)

1. **State and Government:**

- The state is a political organization with sovereignty; the government is its administrative

machinery.

- Government changes, but the state remains permanent.

2. **Sovereignty:**

- Supreme power within a territory.

- Internal (laws and order) and External (independence from foreign control).

3. **Law and State:**

- State formulates laws that are binding.

- Law ensures order, stability, and justice in society.

4. **Difference Between Society and State:**

- Society is older and wider than the state.

- Society includes all human relations; the state is a political institution.

5. **Elements of State:**

- Population, Territory, Government, Sovereignty.


6. **Purpose of the State:**

- Ensures security, welfare, justice, and freedom.

- State may be welfare-oriented or minimal (libertarian).

7. **Theories of Origin of State:**

- Divine Origin: Kings are Gods representatives.

- Social Contract: State formed by mutual agreement.

- Historical/Evolutionary: Gradual development.

8. **Modern Perspective:**

- State is seen as a service provider and regulator.

- Functions include development, rights protection, welfare services.

9. **Types of State:**

- Democratic and Totalitarian.

- Unitary and Federal based on power division.

10. **Key Concepts:**

- Nation vs State, Government vs State, Sovereignty, Citizenship.

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