Directorate Of Online Education
ASSIGNMENT
NAME Mohammad Maruf Hossain
ROLL NUMBER 2314104207
PROGRAM BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)
SEMESTER 5
COURSE NAME BCA
COURSE CODE DCA3101
SESSION APRIL 2025
SET- 1
Q.1. Answer : Internet vs. World Wide Web – A Clear and Simple Distinction
In everyday conversation, people often say “Internet” when they actually mean the World Wide
Web—and vice versa. While the two are closely related and work hand-in-hand, they are not the
same thing. Understanding the difference between them isn’t just about using the right terms—
it’s important for anyone working with technology, especially in web development or IT.
The Internet: The Global Network
The Internet is the physical and digital infrastructure that connects computers, servers,
phones, and smart devices around the world. It’s like a giant international highway system where
information travels.
When you send an email, stream music, or download a file, you’re using the Internet. It supports
many different services, not just web browsing. These include:
Emails (Gmail, Outlook)
File transfers
Video and voice calls
Online gaming
IoT (Internet of Things) devices
The Internet is the backbone that makes global digital communication possible. It uses a set of
rules (protocols), primarily TCP/IP, to send data between devices.
The World Wide Web: A Service on the Internet
The World Wide Web, often simply called the Web, is a service built on top of the Internet.
It consists of billions of interlinked documents and websites that you can access using a web
browser like Chrome, Firefox, or Safari.
These websites use technologies like:
HTML (to structure content)
CSS (for design and layout)
JavaScript (to make sites interactive)
And HTTP/HTTPS protocols (to transfer web pages)
Think of the Web as one type of traffic on the Internet’s highway—the websites and pages
you visit are just one way the Internet is used.
How Are Their Technologies Different?
Feature Internet World Wide Web
Type Physical network Online content system
Protocols TCP/IP, DNS HTTP/HTTPS
Services Email, FTP, VoIP, Web Webpages and websites
Accessed Through Various apps (email client, Skype) Web browsers (Chrome, Safari)
Why This Difference Matters
Understanding the difference is more than just technical trivia. It helps in real-world scenarios
like:
Web development: Developers work mainly with web technologies (HTML, CSS,
JavaScript), but need to understand the Internet’s role in hosting and delivering websites.
Troubleshooting: If a site isn’t loading, is it a network (Internet) issue or a web server
(Web) issue? Knowing the distinction helps narrow it down.
Security: The Web needs HTTPS for safe browsing. But overall Internet safety involves
broader tools—firewalls, antivirus, secure connections, and more.
Learning and growth: Whether you're building an app, launching a website, or working
in IT, knowing what happens behind the scenes gives you a stronger foundation.
Conclusion
In short, the Internet is the connection system, and the World Wide Web is one of the
services that runs on it. Understanding this relationship is key for anyone working online or
learning how digital systems operate. So next time you're browsing a website, remember—you're
using the Web, and it's riding on the power of the Internet!
Q.2. Answer :- Three Essential Internet Services and a Common Cybersecurity Threat
The Internet is deeply woven into our daily lives, quietly powering everything from
communication to entertainment and business. Behind the scenes, it offers a variety of services
that help connect people across continents. Here are three essential Internet services that keep the
world linked—and a look at one of the digital threats that users should be aware of.
1. Email – Staying Connected Instantly
Email is one of the most widely used services on the Internet and has been a core part of digital
communication for decades. It allows users to send messages, files, and documents to anyone,
anywhere in the world, within seconds.
Why it’s important: Email has completely changed how we communicate. In personal life, it
keeps us connected with family and friends. In professional settings, it’s the primary method of
exchanging information, official communication, and collaboration. Whether you're sending a
job application, a project update, or simply saying hello—it’s fast, reliable, and accessible from
any internet-connected device.
2. File Sharing – Moving Data Across the Globe
File sharing, through services like Google Drive, Dropbox, or FTP (File Transfer Protocol),
lets people upload, download, and share files with others online.
Why it’s important: Whether it’s sharing a school assignment, collaborating on a team project,
or transferring large amounts of data, file sharing makes working together possible—no matter
the distance. It has eliminated the need to carry physical storage devices and helps teams work
together in real-time, especially in remote and hybrid work environments.
3. Web Browsing – Access to a World of Information
When you open your web browser to read the news, search for a recipe, or shop online, you’re
using the World Wide Web, another major Internet service.
Why it’s important: Web browsing gives us access to countless websites filled with knowledge,
tools, entertainment, and services. From students researching for assignments to entrepreneurs
managing online stores, web access makes learning, working, and socializing incredibly simple
and powerful.
A Common Cybersecurity Threat: Phishing
As helpful as the Internet is, it's not without risks. One of the most common and dangerous
threats is phishing.
What is phishing? Phishing is a trick used by cybercriminals to fool people into giving up
sensitive information. They often send fake emails or messages that look real—maybe posing as
a bank, delivery service, or even a friend. These messages often contain links to fake websites
that capture your personal data.
Why it’s dangerous: If someone falls for a phishing scam, they might unknowingly share
private details like passwords, bank info, or personal identification. This can lead to identity
theft, financial loss, or unauthorized access to private accounts. Businesses can also suffer
serious damage if employee accounts are compromised.
Conclusion
The Internet brings us incredible services like email, file sharing, and web browsing that keep the
world connected. But as we enjoy these benefits, it’s equally important to be aware of risks like
phishing. By understanding both the possibilities and the dangers, we can make the most of the
Internet—safely and wisely.
Q.3. Answer : What is a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) in HTML?
Whenever you click on a link, open a webpage, or download a file from a site, something
important is quietly doing all the work in the background: the Uniform Resource Identifier, or
URI. It’s like the digital address of any resource on the Internet—be it a webpage, image, video,
or file.
So, What Exactly is a URI?
A URI is a string of text used to identify a specific resource—kind of like how your home
address tells someone where to send a letter. On the web, a URI tells your browser where to find
a piece of content.
It can be as simple as:
https://example.com/index.html
Or something more detailed like:
https://example.com/products/shoes?brand=nike#reviews
Breaking Down the Structure of a URI
Let’s understand the parts of a typical URI:
Protocol (Scheme): https – tells the browser how to connect
Domain: example.com – the server where the resource lives
Path: /products/shoes – the location of the resource on that server
Query (optional): ?brand=nike – extra information sent to the server
Fragment (optional): #reviews – jumps to a specific part of the page
Each part has a job to do, helping the browser understand where to go and what to fetch.
How is URI Used in HTML?
In HTML, we use the URI most often inside the <a> tag to create links. Here's an example:
<a href="https://example.com/about.html">Visit About Page</a>
This tells the browser: “When this link is clicked, go to this exact address.”
Absolute vs. Relative URIs
There are two main types of URIs developers use in web pages:
Absolute URI
This includes the full address—protocol, domain, and path.
Example:
<a href="https://myshop.com/contact.html">Contact Us</a>
Used when linking to external websites or specific full URLs.
Relative URI
This is a shorter version, used when linking to a page within the same site.
Example:
<a href="/about/team.html">Meet Our Team</a>
Perfect for internal links—it keeps things simple and easy to manage, especially during
development.
Why Does It Matter in Web Development?
Understanding URIs helps you:
Create smooth navigation within your site
Avoid broken links
Easily move between local testing and live servers
Make your site more organized and scalable
It also helps when you’re working with search engines, as clean, meaningful URIs contribute to
better SEO and user experience.
Conclusion
Think of a URI as a digital map that guides browsers to the right location. Whether you're
linking to a contact page or embedding a file, it’s the tool that makes the web feel seamless. For
anyone building or managing websites, understanding URIs isn't just helpful—it’s essential for
creating a reliable, user-friendly online experience.
SET -2
Q.4. Answer :- Certainly! Here's a plagiarism-free, uniquely written, and naturally explained
version in a friendly, human tone on how to embed images using the <img> tag in HTML, the
importance of attributes like src, alt, width, and height, and the purpose of the
<address> tag in semantic HTML:
How to Embed Images in HTML Using the <img> Tag
When you're building a web page, images help make the content more engaging and visually
appealing. To display an image in HTML, we use the <img> tag. It’s a self-closing tag,
meaning it doesn't require an ending tag like <div> or <p>.
Here’s a simple example:
<img src="photos/sunset.jpg" alt="A peaceful sunset over the
mountains" width="600" height="400">
Let’s walk through what each part does:
Key Attributes of the <img> Tag
src (Source)
This tells the browser where to find the image. It can be a path to a file on your server or a link
to an image hosted elsewhere.
Example:
<img src="images/logo.png">
alt (Alternative Text)
The alt attribute describes the image in words. If the image fails to load, the browser will show
this text instead. It's also read aloud by screen readers for users who are visually impaired.
Example:
<img src="team.jpg" alt="Our development team at the office">
width and height
These set the image’s dimensions in pixels. Specifying them helps browsers load pages more
smoothly by knowing the size of the image ahead of time.
Example:
<img src="banner.jpg" width="800" height="300">
Why Is the alt Attribute So Important?
Accessibility: People using screen readers rely on alt text to understand what the image
is about. If it's missing, they’re left out of the experience.
SEO Benefits: Search engines like Google can’t "see" pictures, but they can read alt text.
Well-written descriptions improve your site’s visibility in search results—especially in
image searches.
So, writing clear and meaningful alt text helps both users and search engines.
What is the <address> Tag in HTML?
The <address> tag is used to mark up contact details related to the content or author of the
page. It’s a semantic tag, which means it gives meaning to the information inside it, not just how
it looks.
Here’s an example:
<address>
Created by Jane Doe<br>
Visit us
<ahref="https://myportfolio.com">myportfolio.com</a><br>
Email:
<ahref="mailto:jane@example.com">jane@example.com</a><br>
456 Code Street, Developer City
</address>
Why Use the <address> Tag?
Clarity and Meaning: It clearly tells search engines and screen readers, “Hey, this is
contact information.” That helps with SEO and accessibility.
Better Organization: It separates contact info from other content, making the page
easier to navigate for all users.
Note: Don’t use <address> to display a location on a map or describe a place unless it’s for
actual contact purposes.
Wrapping It Up
Images and contact information are common features on almost every web page, and using them
properly is important. The <img> tag helps bring life to your site visually, and the alt attribute
makes sure that everyone—including users with disabilities—can understand what’s being
shown. Meanwhile, the <address> tag helps present contact info in a structured, meaningful
way. Together, these tags not only improve usability and design but also make your website
more inclusive and search-engine-friendly.
Q.5. Answer : Understanding the Basic Structure of an HTML Web Page
Creating a website might seem like magic at first, but at the heart of every web page is
something very simple: HTML (HyperText Markup Language). HTML is the foundation of
almost every website you see online. Think of it as the blueprint that tells a browser what to
show and how to organize it.
Let’s break down the essential building blocks of a basic HTML page and understand why each
part matters.
1. <html> – The Main Wrapper
The <html> tag is like the outer shell of your webpage. Everything inside this tag is part of
your HTML document. It tells the browser, “Hey, everything between these tags is HTML
code.”
Example:
<html>
<!-- Everything else goes here -->
</html>
Why it matters: Without the <html> tag, the browser may not correctly recognize your
content. It’s like trying to read a book with no cover or title—it lacks structure and clarity.
2. <head> – The Hidden Info Zone
The <head> tag holds information that isn’t shown directly on the web page, but it’s still very
important. This is where you tell the browser things like the page title, which styles to apply, and
what character set to use.
You might include:
<title> – to name the page
<meta> – to describe the content
<link> – to connect to a CSS file
<script> – to include JavaScript
Example:
<head>
<title>My First Website</title>
</head>
Why it matters: Everything inside the <head> helps your page function correctly and look
good. It’s like setting the mood before guests arrive—lighting, music, and all the details.
3. <title> – The Name of Your Page
This tag lives inside the <head> and defines what will show in the browser tab or title bar. It's
also what search engines use as the clickable link in search results.
Example:
<title>Welcome to My Portfolio</title>
Why it matters: It gives your page an identity, helps users recognize it in browser tabs, and
plays a big role in SEO (Search Engine Optimization).
4. <body> – The Content Area
This is where all the visible content of your web page goes—text, images, buttons, links, and
everything else a visitor can interact with.
Example:
<body>
<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
<p>This is my very first web page.</p>
</body>
Why it matters: Without a <body>, your page would be empty to visitors. This is where you
bring your site to life and share your message with the world.
Why You Need All These Tags
Each of these components plays a unique role:
<html> keeps everything organized.
<head> prepares the browser and adds helpful info.
<title> gives the page its name and boosts SEO.
<body> is where users actually see and interact with your content.
Without them, your page would either break or look incomplete.
Conclusion
Even though HTML might seem basic, it’s incredibly powerful. The standard structure—
including the <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> tags—sets the stage for everything
else. Understanding these elements gives you the confidence to build clean, well-structured
websites from the ground up.
Q.6. Answer : Why CSS Matters in Web Design
Have you ever opened a web page and thought, “Wow, this looks clean and professional”?
That’s not just HTML at work—that’s the magic of CSS, or Cascading Style Sheets.
CSS is what makes a website look beautiful and function smoothly across different devices.
While HTML gives your page its content and basic structure, CSS handles the presentation, like
fonts, layouts, colors, spacing, and animations. Think of HTML as the skeleton and CSS as the
clothing, makeup, and style.
Let’s take a look at why CSS is such a powerful tool for building websites.
1. Makes Websites Visually Appealing
Without CSS, web pages would look dull—just black text on a white background. CSS brings
design into the picture. It allows you to change:
Font styles and sizes
Background colors and images
Layouts and positioning
Animations and transitions
With just a few lines of CSS, a boring web page can be transformed into something modern,
colorful, and interactive.
For example:
h1 {
color: darkblue;
font-family: 'Verdana';
text-align: center;
}
This small snippet changes the appearance of every <h1> on the site, making it more readable
and visually pleasing.
2. Keeps Design Consistent Across Pages
Imagine you’re working on a site with 20 pages. Without CSS, you’d have to style every page
individually using inline styles—tedious, right?
CSS solves this by allowing you to create a single stylesheet and apply it across your entire
website. This means:
All pages follow the same design rules
If you want to update the look, you only need to change one file
Your site looks uniform and professional
Example:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
By linking just once, every page becomes part of a unified design system.
3. Separates Content from Design
One of the smartest things CSS does is keep your content (HTML) separate from your style
(CSS). This is a best practice in web development and makes everything easier to manage.
HTML focuses on what is on the page (text, images, headings, links)
CSS focuses on how it looks (layout, colors, fonts, spacing)
Why this is helpful:
Your code is cleaner and easier to read
You can change the design without touching the content
Teams can work faster—content writers use HTML while designers work in CSS
It improves SEO and accessibility because search engines and screen readers can easily
read the HTML without style clutter
4. Responsive Design for All Devices
With mobile phones and tablets being so common, websites must look good on every screen
size. CSS makes that possible with tools like media queries, which let your layout adapt based
on the device.
This means:
One website works across phones, tablets, and desktops
No need to create separate versions of the same site
A smoother and more enjoyable user experience
Wrapping It Up
CSS is the reason modern websites look attractive, stay consistent across pages, and adjust
beautifully on different devices. By separating the design from the content, CSS makes your
website easier to maintain and faster to build. It’s not just about making things look nice—it’s
about improving the entire web experience for both developers and users.
