Mary the Queen College (Pampanga), Inc.

JASA, San Matias, Guagua, Pampanga

CONTEMPORARY WORLD

Subject Code: Module No./Title:

Globalization describes how different world cultures, populations, and economies are interdependent from each other. It is a consequence of cross-border business.
Technology, goods, investments, information, and services along with the labor market are the most popular components of such activity. Nations have established worldwide
integration over many centuries by enabling economic, political, and social partnerships.
Objectives:

Appreciate the importance of The Globalization of Religion;

Content:

I. Lesson Proper

Religion plays vital role in the lives of Filipinos for their values are anchored on it. It has affected their attitudes, characters, and perspectives in life. This truth is not
exclusive to Filipinos. It is true to most of the former third world, developing countries, and even the West.

Globalization can refer to the worldwide interconnectedness of all areas of contemporary social life. One of these areas is religion which entails a personal or organized
system of religious beliefs and practices. On one end, globalization has affected religion in various ways. It paved the way for the rise of religious nationalism, the turn of
religion into public life, the proliferation of international tourism, and the increase of individual Religiosity.

First, globalization gives rise to religious and nationalism that came about after the Second World War period nationalism was closely associated with particular religious
beliefs and affiliations. For example,in the Philippines, crafting the law is sometimes anchored on the lawmakers believe in Christianity. In 2018, national Bible day was
cleared as a special working holiday. Islam rules states in the Middle East, similarly, are influenced by practices of Islam.
Next, globalization led to the turn of religion into public life as a reaction to post World War II modernism. The often forceful entrance of religious traditions, such as
the Catholic liberation theology an Islamic fundamentalism, from private sphere into public life (Casanova,2004) is a good example of this. Religion goes beyond the
administration of sacraments for Catholics and focuses more on the social concerns of the poor and the oppressed inside and outside the church.

Then, globalization affected the proliferation of international terrorism. For one, or religious extremism-a type of political violence anchored on the belief that a
supreme being grants violence in the act of glorifying one's faith (Martin,2007)-extremists believe that it is their duty to fulfill God's will through violence. In 2017, the
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), unknown extremist group, trigger the locals of Mindanao to launch the marawi Siege for five months.

Finally, globalization prompted the increase of individual religiosity brought about by the individuals need to rely on his or her beliefs and relationship with the supreme
being. For some, it is reaction based on one's frustration towards institutionalized religions. For others, they just do not want to belong to or engage in any organization.

Global Migration also influences religion. Because of migration, globalization has forced the appearance of “religious traditions in places where these previously had been
largely unknown or considered as minority” (Roudometof,2004). This is called the Deterritorialization of religion. Deterritorialization is a cultural feature that blurs of the
lines between culture and place and thus transcends territorial boundaries. This is highly Characteristic of migration amidst globalization.

Global Migration also resulted in what Campbell (2007) called the Easternization of the West. The West, which is the starting point for the spread of world religions, is
now the recipient of a new system of beliefs from the east. There is also a rise in the number of believers of Asian religions like Zoroastrianism, Confucianism, Buddhism
and Taoism.

The interaction of religion and culture resulted in a global local religion. It is a global religion with a local mix. Roudometof (2014) Developed a model of four distinct
glocalization-indigenization, vernacularization, nationalization, and transnationalization.

Vernacularization refers to the blending of universal religions with local languages. For instance, Arabic is use as Islam’s sacred language even outside the Arab world,
while Greek and Latin remains to be the primary languages of Christianity. This vernacularization of religion also results in the creation of new branches of religion such as of
orthodox Christianity which stems from Christianity.

Indigenization transforms a universal religion to suit the specifics of a particular ethnic group. An example is the practice of Islam by various ethnic groups in the
Zamboanga Peninsula. Another example is the blending of African traditional forms of Religiosity and Christianity in Brazil and the Caribbean.

Nationalization constructs a link between the nation and church. Religious institutions relate to national identities and the realities of that nation. Being part of the nation
means belonging to its national church. The Philippine independent church, an independent Christian denomination, is an example of a national church in the Philippines.
people also tend to add national modifiers to their religious identification (e.g., Greek Orthodox Christianity).

Transnationalization has complemented religious nationalism by focusing groups on identifying specific religious traditions of real or imagined national homelands.
Iglesia ni Cristo is one good example of this. This Christian organization is national in scope but it has an international reach that is easily identified as Filipino in its roots and
central authority. The globalization of religion brought two opposing results. starting from the late 20th century, religion has been a source of global conflict and peace.
 Juergensmeyer (2014) also believes that there are five stages of global religious rebellion against the secular state-

Revolt against secularism, wherein localized uprisings go up against the state less moral authority to govern;
Internationalization of religious rebellion, where in the warfare comes between the religious and secular politics;
Invention of global enemies, wherein anti American anti-European sentiments are growing;
Global War, we are in there is an expansion of range and depth of conflict between the secular and religious forces; and
Religious dimensions of post-Arab Spring, where in the jihadist strategy is proven to be not the way to end the struggle, but with the use of nonviolent means as
demonstrated in the Tahrir Square in Egypt.

As a conclusion, in many ways, religion is affected by globalization. At the same time, it has contributed to the rise of global conflicts and the achievement of World Peace.
Conflicts are caused by different interpretations of the religious secret tax applied in the secular rolled in the guise of economic and political clashes or vice versa. either
individualized or institutionalized, religion is one of the actors of cultural globalization.

Learning Resources:
Slide/PowerPoint Presentation: Introduction of Globalization

References:

Prepared by:

QUEENSBETH C. PAGUIO
Instructor
Social Science and English Department