Department of Computer Engineering
“IoT-Based Radar System Using Arduino and Ultrasonic Sensor”
SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
AISSMS IOIT
T. Y. BTech Engineering
SUBMITTED BY
Roll No Student Name
A-40 Yash S. Garud
A-37 Ashish S. Fatke
A-27 Sushant P. Chavan
A-42 Aditi R. Ghuge
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AISSMS IOIT,DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING 2025-26
Department of Computer Engineering
2024-25
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report
“IoT-Based Radar System Using Arduino and Ultrasonic Sensor”
Is a bonafide student of this institute and the work has been carried out by him/her under the
supervision of Mr. Sugat Pawar and it is approved for the partial fulfillment of the SY course of
Computer Engineering at AISSMS IOIT.
Mr. Sugat Pawar Dr. S. N. Zaware
Guide Head,
Department of Computer Engineering Department of Computer Engineering
Place : Pune Date :
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AISSMS IOIT,DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING 2025-26
Abstract
In today's fast-moving world of technology, radar systems are no longer limited to military or
aerospace applications—they are becoming increasingly important in areas like smart home
security, robotics, and industrial automation. This project explores the design and
implementation of a compact, cost-effective, and user-friendly IoT-based radar system built
using an Arduino microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor, servo motor, and Wi-Fi module. The
main aim of this project is to demonstrate how basic electronic components and open-source
tools can be combined to create a reliable, real-time object detection system that can monitor
surroundings and transmit data wirelessly to the cloud.
At the heart of the system is the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, which emits sound waves and
calculates the distance of nearby objects based on the echo received. Mounted on a servo motor,
the sensor rotates to scan the environment in a sweeping motion—typically covering up to 180
degrees—just like traditional radar systems. The Arduino processes this data and sends it to an
IoT platform such as Blynk or ThingSpeak through an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, enabling users
to view live radar readings remotely on their smartphone or web dashboard.
This radar system doesn't just detect obstacles—it also allows for real-time monitoring, alert
generation, and data visualization, making it highly useful in situations where instant
awareness is crucial. Whether it's for detecting intruders in a room, helping a robot navigate
through obstacles, or monitoring machinery in a factory, the system adapts easily to different
use-cases.
One of the biggest advantages of this project is its affordability and accessibility. It uses widely
available and low-cost components while still delivering dependable performance. Although
ultrasonic sensors have their limitations—like sensitivity to soft or angled surfaces—the system
can be improved further by integrating multiple sensors or adding AI-based object classification
in future versions.
Overall, this project proves that advanced functionality doesn’t always require expensive
technology. With the power of IoT and embedded systems, we can build innovative solutions
that are simple, smart, and scalable. This report details the design, implementation, testing, and
potential applications of the system, highlighting how low-cost technology can address real-
world needs in modern, connected environments.
Keywords: Radar, Arduino, IoT, Ultrasonic Sensor, Object Detection, Real-time Monitoring.
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AISSMS IOIT,DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING 2025-26
INDEX
Sr. Title Of Chapter Page no.
No.
1 ABSTRACT 3
2 INTRODUCTION 5
3 OBJECTIVE 6
4 LITERATURE SURVEY 7
5 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION 8
6 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 9
7 FLOWCHART 10
8 IMPLEMENTATION 11
9 CONCLUSION 15
10 REFERENCES 16
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INTRODUCTION
With the rising demand for intelligent and cost-effective object detection systems, embedded and
IoT technologies have become crucial tools in developing innovative solutions for security,
automation, and surveillance. This project presents an IoT-based radar system built using an
Arduino microcontroller, an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, a servo motor, and an ESP8266 Wi-
Fi module. The system is designed to detect nearby objects and visualize their presence in real
time via an IoT platform.
The design philosophy of this project follows the concept of abstraction, which focuses on
simplifying complex functionalities by assigning clear roles to each hardware and software
component. Each part of the system is modular and purpose-driven:
• The ultrasonic sensor is abstracted as the primary detection unit, responsible for
measuring the distance of objects based on sound wave reflection.
• The servo motor is used to sweep the sensor across a range, enabling the system to scan
its surroundings like a radar.
• The ESP8266 Wi-Fi module serves as the communication interface, transmitting sensor
data to an IoT dashboard for remote monitoring.
• The Arduino microcontroller (ATmega328) acts as the brain of the system, handling
sensor inputs, controlling motor movement, and managing data flow to the cloud.
This approach makes the system highly modular, making it easier to understand, modify, or
expand. Users can interact with the system via a web or mobile dashboard, providing real-time
visual feedback and alerts when an object is detected within a specified range.
By applying abstraction and leveraging IoT capabilities, this project showcases how low-cost
hardware can be transformed into a functional, flexible, and user-friendly radar system
suitable for applications in smart homes, robotics, and automation.
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AISSMS IOIT,DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING 2025-26
OBJECTIVE
• To design and develop a cost-effective radar system: Utilizing Arduino and ultrasonic
sensors, the project aims to build an affordable radar alternative for short-range object
detection.
• To implement real-time object detection and distance measurement: Enable the
system to detect nearby obstacles and measure their distance using ultrasonic waves.
• To integrate Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities: Allow data collected from the radar
system to be transmitted wirelessly to cloud platforms like Blynk or Thingspeak for real-
time monitoring and analysis.
• To provide a 180° to 360° scanning environment: Use a servo motor to rotate the
ultrasonic sensor, enabling full-area coverage and accurate detection in multiple
directions.
• To create a user-friendly dashboard for visualization: Develop a mobile app or web
dashboard that displays live radar readings, distance data, and alerts for user convenience.
• To evaluate system performance in different environments: Test the radar system in
various real-world scenarios to analyze its accuracy, reliability, and limitations.
• To explore future scalability and enhancements: Lay the groundwork for future
improvements such as AI-based object recognition, extended range, and multi-sensor
integration.
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AISSMS IOIT,DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING 2025-26
LITERATURE SURVEY
Paper
No Title of Research Paper Year Of Publications Technical Specifications
"Design and Arduino UNO, HC-SR04
Implementation of ultrasonic sensor, Servo
1. Ultrasonic Radar System motor, LCD Display
using Arduino" March 2020
"IoT Based Smart ESP8266, Ultrasonic
Surveillance System July-2021 Sensor, IoT Cloud
2.
using Ultrasonic Sensor" (ThingSpeak), Buzzer,
NodeMCU
"Development of Low-
3.
Cost Object Detection Arduino Nano, Ultrasonic
System using Arduino Sensor, Servo Motor, Wi-Fi
and IoT" January 2022 Module
"Wireless Radar System Arduino Mega, HC-SR04
4. using IoT for Security Sensor, Servo, ESP8266,
Applications" October 2022 Firebase IoT
"Radar Sensor Based Raspberry Pi, Ultrasonic
5.
Obstacle Detection for Sensors Array, OpenCV, Wi-
Autonomous Vehicles" Feb 2023 Fi, Real-Time Display
6. "Smart Home Security Arduino UNO, HC-SR04,
Using IoT-based Radar Servo Motor, ESP32, Cloud
Detection System" June 2023 Dashboard (Blynk)
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AISSMS IOIT,DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING 2025-26
SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM AND DISCRIPTION
Block diagram:
Block diagram description:
This block diagram illustrates the basic working principle of an IoT-Based Radar System using
Arduino. The system integrates a few key components that work together to detect and visualize
nearby objects:
• PC (Personal Computer): Acts as the interface for programming the Arduino and
visualizing the data. It can display the real-time radar readings in a user-friendly
graphical format.
• Arduino (Microcontroller): Serves as the brain of the system. It receives signals from
the ultrasonic sensor, calculates distances, and sends commands to the servo motor for
rotation. It also sends processed data back to the PC or cloud platform for monitoring.
• Ultrasonic Distance Sensor: This sensor emits ultrasonic waves and calculates the time
taken for the echo to return after hitting an object. It helps in accurately measuring the
distance of objects in its path.
• Servo Motor: Mounted with the ultrasonic sensor, it rotates the sensor at specific angles
to allow area scanning in a sweeping motion, enabling a radar-like visualization of the
environment.
Together, this setup enables real-time object detection and tracking. The rotating sensor collects
distance data, which is processed by the Arduino and sent to the PC for visualization. This makes
it a cost-effective and functional prototype for applications in security, robotics, and automation.
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AISSMS IOIT,DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING 2025-26
Circuit diagram:
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AISSMS IOIT,DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING 2025-26
Flowchart :
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AISSMS IOIT,DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING 2025-26
IMPLEMENTATION
Procedure:
Component Selection: Based on the project goals, the following components were selected
after research on functionality and compatibility:
• Arduino UNO (ATmega328P): Acts as the brain of the system.
• HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor: Measures distance to detect obstacles.
• Servo Motor (SG90): Rotates the ultrasonic sensor for scanning.
• ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module: Enables real-time IoT connectivity.
• Breadboard & Jumper Wires: For prototyping and connections.
System Design: A clear system architecture was created, detailing how each component
communicates with the others. The ultrasonic sensor was mounted on a servo motor to scan
a semi-circular area, and all components were interfaced with the Arduino. The Wi-Fi
module sends data to an IoT platform for monitoring.
Assembly: Hardware components were securely mounted and wired according to the system
design. The servo motor was fixed to allow smooth horizontal rotation, and the ultrasonic
sensor was placed on top of it. The ESP8266 was connected to the Arduino for wireless data
transmission.
Programming: Software development was carried out using the Arduino IDE. The code
controls the servo motor sweep, triggers the ultrasonic sensor, calculates distances, and
sends the data to platforms like Blynk or ThingSpeak via the ESP8266. Threshold values
were defined to detect and alert about nearby obstacles.
Testing and Calibration: Initial tests were performed in a lab environment to check the
system's core functionality. Calibration was done to account for environmental factors like
temperature, reflection, and sensor delay. Real-world tests were conducted to evaluate
detection of both static and moving objects.
Radar Visualization Verification: The output from the radar was checked on a mobile or
web dashboard. It was verified that object distances were accurately plotted, and alerts
were generated if any object came within the critical range. The servo's full rotation ensured
wide-area coverage.
Field Testing:
To validate system reliability, field testing was conducted in indoor and semi-outdoor areas.
The system was evaluated for its responsiveness, real-time updates, and consistency in
detecting obstacles. It successfully transmitted data and visualizations to the cloud platform
with minimal lag.
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AISSMS IOIT,DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING 2025-26
Optimization:
After analyzing test results, slight adjustments were made to the scanning angle, distance
thresholds, and Wi-Fi connectivity routines. This improved detection speed and data
accuracy. Delay handling and signal stability were also refined in the code.
Deployment:
Once optimized, the system was ready for use in real-world applications. It was deployed in
setups like home security zones, school labs, and small industrial spaces where real-time
obstacle detection and area monitoring are beneficial.
WORKING:
• Object Detection with Ultrasonic Sensor and Servo Motor:
The ultrasonic sensor scans the area by rotating on the servo motor. It sends out sound
waves and calculates the time taken for echoes to return, determining the distance of
objects in its path.
• Real-Time Monitoring through IoT:
The ESP8266 sends collected data to the cloud (e.g., Blynk/ThingSpeak). Users can view
live updates through dashboards or mobile apps, making the system ideal for remote
surveillance.
• Alert System for Close-Range Objects:
When an object is detected within a predefined danger zone (e.g., < 30 cm), the system
can trigger a visual alert or log the event for review, depending on the platform settings.
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CONCLUSION
This project successfully demonstrates how a simple yet powerful combination of Arduino,
ultrasonic sensors, and IoT platforms can be used to build a functional and cost-effective radar
system. By integrating these technologies, we created a system capable of detecting objects,
transmitting real-time data to the cloud, and visualizing the scanned environment on a user-
friendly dashboard.
The implementation proved that even with low-cost components, reliable and accurate short-
range object detection is achievable. The system's ability to monitor surroundings remotely
makes it highly applicable in smart home security, automation, and robotic navigation. Despite
challenges like environmental interference and network stability, the overall performance was
consistent and practical.
Looking ahead, the project can be enhanced by incorporating additional sensors for broader
detection, machine learning for object classification, and improved connectivity for real-time
responsiveness. This work lays a strong foundation for future innovations in accessible and smart
sensing technologies.
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AISSMS IOIT,DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING 2025-26
REFERENCES
1. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Datasheet –
https://cdn.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/Proximity/HCSR04.pdf
2. Arduino Uno Technical Specifications – https://store.arduino.cc/products/arduino-uno-
rev3
3. ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module Overview –
https://www.espressif.com/en/products/socs/esp8266
4. Blynk IoT Platform Documentation – https://docs.blynk.io
5. Thingspeak IoT Cloud Platform – https://thingspeak.com
6. Ramesh, A., & Gupta, S. (2021). Low-Cost Obstacle Detection Using Ultrasonic Sensors.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication
Engineering, 10(4), 158–162.
7. Sharma, R., & Verma, T. (2022). IoT-Based Remote Monitoring for Smart Surveillance.
IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(3), 1948–1955.
8. Patel, N., & Bhosale, K. (2023). Ultrasonic vs Electromagnetic Radar: A Cost and
Efficiency Comparison. Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE International Conference on
Sensors and Systems, 121–126.
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