NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
Project Report on
eFarming
Submitted to
School of IT ,NSU Jamshedpur
Submitted by
Your name (Registration Number)
Teammate name (Registration
Number)
In a partial fulfillment of Master of Computer Application
Semester IV
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report Entitled E-FARMING
Submitted to Netaji Subhas University in partial Fulfillment of the
Requirement for the award of degree of MCA (Master in Computer
Application )is an Original work carried out by Your Name and Team
mate name.
Signature
(Project Guide) (External Examiner)
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
INDEX
1. Acknowledgement
2. Declaration
2.1 Introduction
2.2 About System
2.3 Client Description
3. System Analysis
3.1 Existing v/s Proposed
4. Project Requirements & Specification
4.1 Product Description
4.2 Problem Statement
4.3 Module Description
5. System Requirement
5.1 Software Requirement
5.2 Hardware Requirement
6. Technologies
7. Testing
8. System Design
6.1 ER Diagram
6.2 use case Diagram
6.2 ```Activity Diagram
9. Conclusion
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Making the following acknowledgement is not a mere formality but a way to
express my sincere thanks to the people who were instrumental in presenting the
project report. Firstly, I express my boundless sense of gratitude to Mr. Lal
Kishore Kumar for allowing me to work in his guidance.
I express my deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Lal Kishore Kumar for his keen
interest and efficient guidance in project work. He is the person who conceived
the idea of the project, and inspire for this task, without which this could not have
seen in the light of the day.
Cordial thanks and heartfelt obligations to faculty members and friends for their
guidance .
I would heartily extend my gratefulness to all the programming team members of
the group who will help me in completing this project.
[Your Name]
[Team Mate Name]
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the work presented in this project titled “eFarming”
submitted towards completion of mini-project in Second Semester of (MCA) at
the “Netaji Subhas University, Jamshedpur ”. It is an authentic record of our
original work pursued under the guidance of Project guide name. We have not
submitted the matter embodied in this project for the award of any other degree.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
INTRODUCTION
Our project is entitle “eFarming” aims of project is to sells and buy the crops
between Farmers and Dealers. eFarming is a web application developed for
farmers. This application gives suppose to the village farmers who want to use
this facility and who want to learn how is it possible and how they can use
eFarming to sell their products.
If the farmers have knowledge of computer then they can directly register in the
site and sell their product otherwise they can contact company’s computer
professional who will schedule classes to teach the basics of computers and
internet. They can know how they can open this site and register with it and sell
their products online etc.
eFarming is a project developed to build a website which will help farmers from to
sell their products to different cities through online. Farmers can use this facility
and can learn how it is possible and how they can use eFarming to sell their
products.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
ABOUT SYSTEM
eFarming is a PHP & MySQL based application which gives an idea to the
farmers how to use e-farming to sell their products. Farmers will get all the new
ideas to improve their productivity and they can buy and sell their products
online.
It was made to give a facility to Farmers and Dealer an online description of the
services without going to the market place .so we can say that it is the best and
the good way of given a comfortable service to the busy farmers and Dealer. we
have develop it in PHP, with the database handling of MySQL, so it offers us
services to make secure, consistent and robust our database in all condition.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
CLIENT DESCRIPTION
Farmer:
The Farmer can fill the registration form and get his credentials. All the details of the
product will be uploaded by the Farmer. Farmer will fix the rates of the products.
The Farmer can view the result page. Farmer will add the details of the item. The
Farmer can update the details of the item.
Dealer:
Dealer will get the username and password by filling the registration form. Dealer
will view all the details of the product. Dealer will see the list of products that he
want to buy. Dealer can view the sales rate details.
Admin:
Admin should be able to see all record from any users. The records shown for
selling should be available in a format of Quantity name, Quantity available,
price. The database should be robust enough to handle all the online
transactions which will be happening parallel
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Existing System:
In the existing system buying and selling a product is done manually. Price of the
product is fixed by the farmer. All the details of the product to be sold or
purchased is maintained manually. Farmers or Dealers not able to get the
complete information about the product.
Proposed System:
The proposed system Dealers or farmers can directly register in the site and
sell/buy the product otherwise they can contact with a farmer directly. Dealers
can open the site and register with it and sell their products online. E-Farming is
a project builds a website which will help farmers to sell their products in different
cities online.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
System analysis is conducted for the purpose of studying a system or its parts
in order to identify its objectives. It is a problem solving technique that
improves the system and ensures that all the components of the system work
efficiently to accomplish their purpose.
Analysis specifies what the system should do.
Here are some steps for approaching a system design tutorial:
1. Understand the requirements: Before starting the design process, it is
important to understand the requirements and constraints of the system.
This includes gathering information about the problem space,
performance requirements, scalability needs, and security concerns.
2. Identify the major components: Identify the major components of the
system and how they interact with each other. This includes determining
the relationships between different components and how they contribute
to the overall functionality of the system.
3. Choose appropriate technology: Based on the requirements and
components, choose the appropriate technology to implement the
system. This may involve choosing hardware and software platforms,
databases, programming languages, and tools.
4. Define the interface: Define the interface between different components
of the system, including APIs, protocols, and data formats.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
1. Design the data model: Design the data model for the system, including
the schema for the database, the structure of data files, and the data flow
between components.
2. Consider scalability and performance: Consider scalability and
performance implications of the design, including factors such as load
balancing, caching, and database optimization.
3. Test and validate the design: Validate the design by testing the system with
realistic data and use cases, and make changes as needed to address any
issues that arise.
4. Deploy and maintain the system: Finally, deploy the system and maintain it
over time, including fixing bugs, updating components, and adding new
features as needed.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
Properties of a System
A system has the following properties −
Organization
Organization implies structure and order. It is the arrangement of components that helps to
achieve predetermined objectives.
Interaction
It is defined by the manner in which the components operate with each other.
For example, in an organization, purchasing department must interact with production
department and payroll with personnel department.
Interdependence
Interdependence means how the components of a system depend on one another. For proper
functioning, the components are coordinated and linked together according to a specified
plan. The output of one subsystem is the required by other subsystem as input.
Integration
Integration is concerned with how a system components are connected together. It means
that the parts of the system work together within the system even if each part performs a
unique function.
Central Objective
The objective of system must be central. It may be real or stated. It is not uncommon for an
organization to state an objective and operate to achieve another.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
Types of Systems
The systems can be divided into the following types −
Physical or Abstract Systems
Physical systems are tangible entities. We can touch and feel them.
Physical System may be static or dynamic in nature. For example, desks and
chairs are the physical parts of computer center which are static. A programmed
computer is a dynamic system in which programs, data, and applications can
change according to the user's needs.
Abstract systems are non-physical entities or conceptual that may be formulas,
representation or model of a real system.
Open or Closed Systems
An open system must interact with its environment. It receives inputs from and
delivers outputs to the outside of the system. For example, an information
system which must adapt to the changing environmental conditions.
A closed system does not interact with its environment. It is isolated from
environmental influences. A completely closed system is rare in reality.
Adaptive and Non Adaptive System
Adaptive System responds to the change in the environment in a way to improve
their performance and to survive. For example, human beings, animals.
Non Adaptive System is the system which does not respond to the environment.
For example, machines.
Permanent or Temporary System
Permanent System persists for long time. For example, business policies.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
Temporary System is made for specified time and after that they are demolished.
For example, A DJ system is set up for a program and it is dissembled after the
program.
Natural and Manufactured System
Natural systems are created by the nature. For example, Solar system, seasonal
system.
Manufactured System is the man-made system. For example, Rockets, dams,
trains.
Deterministic or Probabilistic System
Deterministic system operates in a predictable manner and the interaction
between system components is known with certainty. For example, two
molecules of hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen makes water.
Probabilistic System shows uncertain behavior. The exact output is not known.
For example, Weather forecasting, mail delivery.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
PROJECT REQUIREMENTS & SPECIFICATIONS
The Government find’s that farmers not able to sell their product directly
to Dealer. They have to sell their produce to middle man, so that he sell it to main
market or the customers for farmer. But because of that farmers don’t get exact
money for their produce the middle man gets more profit then farmer, they don’t
get enough money from produce. Also sometimes even if they get to sell it to
market some produce will be left for which they don’t get anything and it goes to
wastage. With our web site they can able to sell their produce directly to the
customer or to the big companies. They don’t have to sell it to any middle person
and they get the exact money for their produce, also if any produce is left after
selling into the main market they can sell it on the site. Also not just selling
produce they can also buy any necessary products for farming. Also some
farmers are not able to buy some expensive machines for farming for that any
farmers who has the machine they give it on rent or sell it at beneficiary price for
both sides. Farmer’s canals share their information with each other here.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Online eFarming Store Project is a PHP & MySQL based project that helps the
farmers use the online portal to sell products. They will get all the new ideas to
improve their productivity, and they can buy and sell their products online.
Online eFarming Store Project is a web application for the farmers. This system
gives support to the village farmers who want to use this facility and who want to
learn how it is possible and how they can use eFarming to sell their products. If
the farmers know to operate Mobile or computer, they can directly register on the
site and sell their product.
Online eFarming Store Project is a project developed to build a website that will
help farmers sell their products to different cities online. Farmers can use this
facility and learn how it is possible and how they can use eFarming to sell their
products
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
PROBLEM STATEMENT
India is a developing country, the majority of its population belong to the rural
area, and their primary job is agriculture. But nowadays farmers are facing many
problems in agriculture some major problems are:
Unavailability of good quality of Seeds: Seeds are the basic input or row material
for the farmers to grow crops. But there is a lack of availability of the good quality
of seeds in market. Due of this, Farmers are bound to use the traditional seeds
which less productive and yields fewer crops. Most of the certified seeds
manufactures in India are private companies.
Lack of Modern Equipment: Even in 2020, the majority of Indian farmers use
traditional tools for agriculture such as plough, sickle, etc. This leads to the
wastage of energy and manpower and less yield per capita labor force. Only little
use of the machine is seen in irrigation, harvesting and transportation. There are
two reasons for that first, they are not aware, and second, they can’t afford such
equipment.
Dealing with local traders and middleman: It is a problem a farmer faces at the
end of all agricultural activity. This is why we have also mentioned it in the end.
Due to the absence of mandi house and proper market places, farmers are not
able to sell their crops and get a reasonable price. In this situation, they have to
look for a middleman and local traders for business. These middlemen don’t
provide a reasonable price for their crops, and hence famers are bound to their
sell crops at a lower price or just throw at the road
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
MODULE DESCRIPTION
This eFarming Web based Project has the major modules below:
Admin:
Admin should be able to see all record from any users. The records shown
for selling should be available in a format of Quantity name, Quantity
available, price. The database should be robust enough to handle all the
online transactions which will be happening parallel.
Users:
People can register on the site for some basic e-learning like if some user wants
to learn how to operate a computer, they can go and learn about it from the site.
The site should also be available in local languages as per States.
Farmer:
The farmer can fill the registration form and get his credentials. All the details of
the product will be uploaded by the farmer. Farmer will fix the rates of the
products. The farmer can view the result page. Farmer will add the details of the
item. The farmer can update the details of the item.
Dealer:
Dealer will get the username and password by filling the registration form. Dealer
will view all the details of the product. Dealer will see the list of products that he
want to buy. Dealer can view the sales rate details.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
SYSTEM REQUIREMENT
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
- Operating System: Windows 7/8/8.1/10
- Browser: Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Firefox
- User Interface: HTML, CSS
- Client-Side Scripting: JavaScript
- Server-Side Scripting: PHP, MySQL
- IDE/Workbench: Microsoft Visual Studio Code
- Database: ORACLE
- Server Deployment: Apache Tomcat Server
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
- Hard Disk Drive: 50GB
- Processor: Pentium4
- RAM: 1GB or more
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
TECHNOLOGIES
HTML
• HTML is the standard markup language for creating
Web pages.
• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
• HTML is the standard markup language for creating
Web pages
• HTML describes the structure of a Web page
• HTML consists of a series of elements
• HTML elements tell the browser how to display the
content
• HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is
a heading", "this is a paragraph", "this is a link", etc.
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language, which
is the most widely used language on Web to develop
web pages. HTML was created by BernersLee in late
1991 but "HTML 2.0" was the first standard HTML
specification which was published in 1995. HTML 4.01
was a major version of HTML and it was published in
late 1999. Though HTML 4.01 version is widely used
but currently we are having HTML-5 version which is an
extension to HTML 4.01, and this version was published
in 2012.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
CSS
Cascading Style Sheets, fondly referred to as CSS, is a simple design
language intended to simplify the process of making web pages
presentable.
CSS handles the look and feel part of a web page. Using CSS, you can
control the color of the text, the style of fonts, the spacing between
paragraphs, how columns are sized and laid out, what background
images or colors are used, layout designs,variations in display for
different devices and screen sizes as well as a variety of other effects.
CSS is easy to learn and understand but it provides powerful control
over the presentation of an HTML document. Most commonly, CSS is
combined with the markup languages HTML or XHTML.
Advantages of CSS
• CSS saves time − You can write CSS once and then reuse same
sheet in multiple HTML pages. You can define a style for each
HTML element and apply it to as many Web pages as you want.
• Pages load faster − If you are using CSS, you do not need to
write HTML tag attributes every time. Just write one CSS rule of
a tag and apply it to all the occurrences of that tag. So less code
means faster download times.
• Easy maintenance − To make a global change, simply change
the style, and all elements in all the web pages will be updated
automatically.
• Superior styles to HTML − CSS has a much wider array of
attributes than HTML, so you can give a far better look to your
HTML page in comparison to HTML attributes
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
Javascript
JavaScript (js) is a light-weight object-oriented programming
language which is used by several websites for scripting the
webpages. It is an interpreted, full-fledged programming language
that enables dynamic interactivity on websites when applied to an
HTML document. It was introduced in the year 1995 for adding
programs to the webpages in the Netscape Navigator browser. Since
then, it has been adopted by all other graphical web browsers. With
JavaScript, users can build modern web applications to interact
directly without reloading the page every time. The traditional
website uses js to provide several forms of interactivity and
simplicity.
Although, JavaScript has no connectivity with Java programming
language. The name was suggested and provided in the times when
Java was gaining popularity in the market. In addition to web
browsers, databases such as CouchDB and MongoDB uses JavaScript
as their scripting and query language.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
PHP
PHP started out as a small open source project that
evolved as more and more people found out how useful it
was. Rasmus Lerdorf unleashed the first version of PHP
way back in 1994.
• PHP is a recursive acronym for "PHP: Hypertext
Preprocessor".
• PHP is a server side scripting language that is
embedded in HTML. It is used to manage dynamic
content, databases, session tracking, even build
entire e-commerce sites.
• It is integrated with a number of popular databases,
including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase,
Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server.
• PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution, especially
when compiled as an Apache module on the Unix
side. The MySQL server, once started, executes even
very complex queries with huge result sets in
record-setting time.
• PHP supports a large number of major protocols such
as POP3, IMAP, and LDAP. PHP4 added support for
Java and distributed object architectures (COM and
CORBA), making n-tier development a possibility for
the first time.
• PHP is forgiving: PHP language tries to be as forgiving
as possible.
• PHP Syntax is C-Like.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
SQL
SQL is a language to operate databases; it includes
Database Creation, Database Deletion, Fetching Data
Rows, Modifying & Deleting Data rows, etc.
SQL stands for Structured Query Language which is a
computer language for storing, manipulating and
retrieving data stored in a relational database. SQL was
developed in the 1970s by IBM Computer Scientists
and became a standard of the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986, and the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in
1987.
Though SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards
Institute) standard language, but there are many
different dialects of the SQL language like MS SQL
Server is using TSQL and Oracle is using PL/SQL.
SQL is the standard language to communicate with
Relational Database Systems. All the Relational
Database Management Systems (RDMS) like MySQL,
MS Access, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, Postgres and SQL
Server use SQL as their Standard Database Language.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
Security Testing
Testing is the process of executing a program to find errors. To make
our software perform well it should be error-free. If testing is done
successfully it will remove all the errors from the software.
Principles of Testing:-
(i) All the tests should meet the customer requirements.
(ii) To make our software testing should be performed by a third
party.
(iii) Exhaustive testing is not possible. As we need the optimal
amount of testing based on the risk assessment of the application.
(iv) All the tests to be conducted should be planned before
implementing it
(v) It follows the Pareto rule(80/20 rule) which states that 80% of
errors come from 20% of program components.
(vi) Start testing with small parts and extend it to large parts.
Types of Testing:-
1. Black-Box Testing
The technique of testing without having any knowledge of the
interior workings of the application is called black-box testing. The
tester is oblivious to the system architecture and does not have
access to the source code. Typically, while performing a black-box
test, a tester will interact with the system's user interface by
providing inputs and examining outputs without knowing how and
where the inputs are worked upon.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
White-Box Testing
White-box testing is the detailed investigation of internal logic and
structure of the code. White-box testing is also called glass
testing or open-box testing. In order to perform white-box testing on
an application, a tester needs to know the internal workings of the
code.
The tester needs to have a look inside the source code and find out
which unit/chunk of the code is behaving inappropriately.
Unit Testing
Unit testing is a method of testing individual units or components of
a software application. It is typically done by developers and is used
to ensure that the individual units of the software are working as
intended. Unit tests are usually automated and are designed to test
specific parts of the code, such as a particular function or method.
Unit testing is done at the lowest level of the software development
process, where individual units of code are tested in isolation.
Integration Testing
Integration testing is a method of testing how different units or
components of a software application interact with each other. It is
used to identify and resolve any issues that may arise when different
units of the software are combined. Integration testing is typically
done after unit testing and before functional testing, and is used to
verify that the different units of the software work together as
intended.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
Regression Testing
Regression testing is a method of testing that is used to ensure that
changes made to the software do not introduce new bugs or cause
existing functionality to break. It is typically done after changes have
been made to the code, such as bug fixes or new features, and is
used to verify that the software still works as intended.
Alpha Testing
This is a type of validation testing. It is a type of acceptance
testing which is done before the product is released to customers. It
is typically done by QA people.
Beta Testing
The beta test is conducted at one or more customer sites by the
end-user of the software. This version is released for a limited
number of users for testing in a real-time environment.
System Testing
System Testing is carried out on the whole system in the context of
either system requirement specifications or functional requirement
specifications or in the context of both. The software is tested such
that it works fine for the different operating systems. It is covered
under the black box testing technique. In this, we just focus on the
required input and output without focusing on internal working.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
ER DIAGRAM
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
SYSTEM DESIGN
USE CASE DIAGRAM
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
ACTIVITY DIAGRAM
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
DATABASE DESIGN
Table: Admin
Table: farmer
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
Table: dealer
Table:crop
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
Table:orderequest
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
SCREENSHOTS OF THE SYSTEM
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
CONCLUSION
Our project will successfully implement the idea of online business.
Farmers and dealers can purchase anything from anywhere. Our project
helps farmers and dealers in saving a lot of time and money.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
Future Scope
E-Farming can be implemented by using satellites. With help
of satellite communication user can observe the climatic
conditions of the farm even by sitting at home.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
Limitation
Although I have put my best efforts to make the software flexible,
easy to operate but limitations cannot be ruled out even by me.
Though the software presents a broad range of options to its users
some intricate options could not be covered into it; partly because of
logistic and partly due to lack of sophistication. Paucity of time was
also major constraint, thus it was not possible to make the software
foolproof and dynamic . Lack of time also compelled me to ignore
some part.
Considerable efforts have made the software easy to operate even
for the people not related to the field of computers but it is
acknowledged that a layman may find it a bit problematic at first
instance. The user is provided help at each step for his convenience
in working with the software.
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NETAJI SUBHAS UNIVERSITY
Pokahri, Near Bhilai Pahadi, Jamshedpur
Bibliography
□ www.youtube.com
□ www.google.com
□ www.w3schools.com
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