KING EDWARD MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, LAHORE.

PAKISTAN

FRAMEWORK

OF

DOCTOR OF PHYSIOTHERAPY (DPT) (FIVE YEAR COURSE)

COLLEGE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY.MAYO HOSPITAL

LAHORE
 Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT)
Genesis of the Program:

In keeping with recent growth and advancement of Physical Therapy

professional in the world and especially in the United States of The America, Doctor of
Physical Therapy (DPT) curriculum has been developed to prepare Physical Therapists
for the independent practice in Pakistan, by emphasizing area such as differential
diagnosis, applied pharmacology, diagnostic imaging, health care prevention and practice
manager.
However, with the increased recognition of Physical Therapist’s skills in
diagnosing, treating and preventing illness and injuries has necessitated the profession to
re-evaluate its goals for the future and move toward more autonomy in patient care.
According to America Physical Therapy association (APTA) “the vision for
the future of the Physical Therapy profession is that by year 2020 Physical Therapy,
treatment will be provided by Physical Therapists holding Doctor’s degree in Physical
therapy, recognized by consumer and other health care professions as practitioners of
choice to whom consumer have direct access for the diagnosis of, intervention for, and
prevention of impairment, functional limitation and disabilities related to movement,
function and health.
Since there is general trend of Physical Therapists to seek employment and
admission for further studies in United States of America, it has become necessary to
bring the courses of study in Pakistan at par. The program will also meet the requirement
for non interventional independent practice in home land.

Mrs Saleha Saleem Bukhari

Principal,
School of Physiotherapy
Mayo Hospital, Lahore

2
 Nomenclature and Duration

Nomenclature:

The name of the degree program shall be Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT). The course
shall be of five years duration with structural training in recognized department under an
approved supervisor.

Course title:

DPT (Doctor of Physical Therapy)

Course duration:

Five year structure training in a recognized department under the guidance of an

approved supervisor.

Course scheme:

 The training is spread over five year with specific component for each year.
 During each professional year student would be instructed in various disciplines
of their professional curriculum
 Part of studied content would be tested via professional examination at the end
of the same academic year and part of it would be tested in the following year’s
professional examination.
 Principal College of Physiotherapy would be responsible for scheduling student
in the physiotherapy clinic and other hospital wards or departments for
observation and practice of physiotherapy technique in the pertaining
discipline.

3
College of Physiotherapy Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan is affiliated with King
Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.

The Doctor of Physiotherapy (DPT) is a five year program it comprises of five

Professionals

 FIRST PROFESSIONAL
 SECOND PROFESSIONAL
 THIRD PROFESSONAL
 FOURTH PROFESSONAL
 FINAL PROFESSIONAL

Note: Medium of instruction is English.

FIRST PROFESSIONAL:

First professional examination shall be held at the end of first academic year of training
and shall comprise of following subjects:
1. Anatomy I
2. Physiology I
3. Medical physics
4. Psychology& psychiatry
5. Islamic Studies/Ethics & pak.studies
6. Sociology & Special Education
7. Biostatistics

SECOND PROFESSIONAL:

Second professional examination shall be held at the end of two academic year of training
and shall comprise of following subjects:
1. Anatomy II
2. Physiology II
3. Biochemistry
4. Kinesiology
5. Biomechanics

THIRD PROFESSIONAL:

Third professional examination shall be held at the end of third academic year of training
and shall comprise of following subjects:
1. Pathology
2. Electrotherapy and actinotherapy
3. Therapeutics exercises and technique I
4. Pharmacology

4
5. Genetics and Molecular Biology
6. Laws and Ethics of Physiotherapy and Managements for Physiotherapists

FOURTH PROFESSIONAL:

Fourth professional examination shall be held at the end of fourth academic year of
training and shall comprise of following subjects:
1. Medicine
2. Surgery
3. Community medicine
4. Therapeutics Exercise & techniques II
5. Physiotherapy evaluation and treatment
6. Electrophysiology and Diagnosis

FINAL PROFESSIONAL:

Final professional examination shall be held at the end of fifth academic year of training
and shall comprise of following subjects:
1. Physiotherapy in geriatrics
2. Physiotherapy in pediatrics & Gynecology/Obstratics
3. Physiotherapy in neurology
4. Evidence based physiotherapy
5. Physiotherapy in chest and cardio vascular disorder
6. Research methodology and Report writing
7. Manual Therapy

Credit Accumulation and Transfer System

A Credit accumulation and transfer system is a systematic way of describing of an
educational program by attacking to its components. Credit hour or credit unit is basically
the academic currency of the academic activities.
In DPT The CAT system is defined as
1. Contact hours 1500-1800 hrs/year
2. 25-30 Contact hours = 1 credit point
3. Number of credit points in a year = 55-60

5
 MARKS DISTRIBUTION

FIRST PROFESSIONAL

Sr. no Subject Theory Viva/practical

1. Anatomy I 100 100
2. Physiology I 100 100
3. Medical physics 100 100
4. Psychology& 100
psychiatry
5. Islamic Studies/Ethics & 50+50=100
pak.studies
6. Sociology & Special 50+50=100
Education
7. Biostatistics 100
Total 700 300 1000

SECOND PROFESSIONAL

Sr. no Subject Theory Viva/practical

1. Anatomy II 100 100
2. Physiology II 100 100
3. Biochemistry 100
4. Kinesiology 100 100
5. Biomechanics 100 100
Total 500 400 900

THIRD PROFESSIONAL:

Sr. no Subject Theory Viva/practical

1. Pathology 100 100
2. Electrotherapy and 100 100
actinotherapy
3. Therapeutics exercises 100 100
and technique I
4. Pharmacology 100 100
5. Genetics and Molecular 100
Biology
6. Laws & Ethics for 100
Physiotherapy and
Managements for

6
 Physiotherapists
Total 600 400 1000

FOURTH PROFESSIONAL

Sr. no Subject Theory Viva/practical

1. Medicine 100 100
2. Surgery 100 100
3. Community medicine 100
4. Therapeutics 100 100
Exercise II
5. Physiotherapy 100 100
evaluation and
treatment
Total 500 400 900

FINAL PROFESSIONAL

Sr. no Subject Theory Viva/practical

1. Physiotherapy in 100 50
geriatrics
2. Physiotherapy in 50+50 50
pediatrics and
Gynecology/obstetrics
3. Physiotherapy in 100 100
neurology
4. Evidence based 100
physiotherapy
5. Physiotherapy in chest 100 50
and cardio vascular
disorder
6. Research methodology 100
and Report writing
7. Manual Therapy 100 100
Total 600 450 1050

7
 DIVISION OF STUDY HOURS

Division of curriculum into approximate hours to cover in five year degree program of
Doctor of Physiotherapy. Final examination of each professional comprises complete
year of study and will be held at the end of the year.

FIRST YEAR
Sr. no. Subject Contact hours Credit hours
1. Anatomy I 220+80 11
2. Physiology I 220+60 10.5
3. Medical physics 210+60 10
4. Psychology& psychiatry 200 7.5
5. Islamic Studies/Ethics & pak.studies 70+70 05
6. Sociology & Special Education 80+80 03+03
7. Biostatistics 160 06
Total 1510 56

SECOND YEAR
Sr. no Subject Contact hours Credit hours
1. Anatomy II 220+90 11.5
2. Physiology II 220+60 10.5
3. Biochemistry 160+40 07.5
4. Kinesiology 210+100 11.5
5. Biomechanics 160+80 09
7 Computer literacy program 40+40 03
8 Nursing 80 03
Total 1500 56

THIRD YEAR
Sr. no Subject Contact hours Credit hours
1. Pathology 200+120 12
2. Electrotherapy and actinotherapy 250+110 13
3. Therapeutics exercises and 300 11
technique 1
4. Pharmacology 200+50 09
5. Genetics and Molecular Biology 110 04
6. Laws & Ethics of Physiotherapy and 160 06
Management for Physiotherapists
Total 1500 55

8
FOURTH YEAR

Sr. no Subject Contact hours Credit hours

1. Medicine 250 09
2. Surgery 270 10
3. Community medicine 85 03
4. Therapeutics Exercise II 300 11
5. Physiotherapy evaluation and 215+140 13
treatment
6. Electrophysiology and Diagnosis 80 03
7. Anesthesia 80 03
8. Radiology 80 03
Total 1500 55

FINAL YEAR

Sr. no Subject Contact hours Credit hours

1. Physiotherapy in geriatrics 160 06
2. Physiotherapy in pediatrics & 160 06
gynecology / obstetrics
3. Physiotherapy in neurology 220 08
4. Evidence based physiotherapy 220 08
5. Physiotherapy in chest and 160 06
cardio vascular disorder
6. Research methodology and 160 06
Report writing
7. Manual Therapy 140+120 10

8. Differential Diagnosis and 80+80 06

Clinical decision making
Total 1500 56

9
 BREAK DOWN OF HOURS OF CLINICAL PRACTICE

Year Ward/Clinic Hours Period

Third Year Physiotherapy clinic 550 One Year
Fourth Year Physiotherapy clinic 180 One Year
General Medicine 80 Two Months
Pulmonology & Cardiology 40 One Month
Neurology 80 Two Months
Gynecology & obstetrics 40 One Months
Pediatrics 80 Two Months
Final Year Physiotherapy clinic 260 One Year
Chest Medicine 80 One Month
Burn & Plastic Surgery 80 One Month
General Surgery 120 Two Months
Orthopedics Surgery 120 Two Months
Neuro Surgery 80 One Month
Cardiovascular & thoracic 80 One Month
Surgery
ICU & CCU 80 One Month
Total 1950

Note: Student in forth year and final year are required to attend different for clinical
training in the evening.

10
 FIRST YEAR

first academic year of training shall comprise of following subjects:

1. Anatomy I
2. Physiology I
3. Medical physics
4. Psychology& psychiatry
5. Islamic & pak.studies.
6. Sociology & Special Education
7. Biostatics and Research Methods

1. Anatomy I
Syllabi and course of reading

The paper of Anatomy I contains the following subjects

General anatomy
Histology
Embryology
Upper Limb

Lectures 220 hrs

Practical/demonstration 80 hrs

Total marks = 200

Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Viva/practical marks = 100

Total marks = 200

Pass marks =50%

11
 Details of syllabus

General Anatomy:
Introduction Regarding:

Anatomical Nomenclature
Life span of human beings
Structural and functional organization
Terminology and body plan
Systematic anatomy
Basic organization

Skin:

The structure of hypodermis, dermis and epidermis

Superficial fascia and deep fascia

Bones and Cartilages:

Osteology
Functions of bones
Classification of bones
Parts of developing long bones
Blood supply of bones
Lymphatic vessels
Nerve supply
Rule of direction of nutrient foramen
Gross structure of long bone
Cartilage

Muscles:

Introduction
Classification
Functions of muscles in general
Classification of skeletal muscles
Parts of skeletal muscles
Methods of study of skeletal muscle Acton
Nomenclature of skeletal muscles

12
Structures relating to muscles:

Tendon
Aponeuroisis
Fasciae
Synovial bursae
Tendon synovial sheaths
Raphes
Ligaments

The Joints:

Introduction
Classification of joints
Structures comprising a synovial joint
Movements of joints
Blood supply of synovial joint
Lymph drainage of synovial joint
Nerve supply of synovial joint
Factors stabilizing the synovial joint

Cardiovascular system:

Divisions of circulatory system

Classification of blood vessels
Classification of circulation
Anastomosis

Lymphatic System:

Definition
Circulation of limb
Factors which regulate the flow of lymph
Demonstration of lymphatic for dissection and diagnosis
Certain important features of lymphatic
Lymphoid tissue
Lymphatic follicles
Lymph nodes

The Nervous System:

Outlines of cellular architecture

Classification of nervous system
Functional components of a nerve
Typical spinal nerve
Nerve plexuses and innervations of limbs

13
Reflex circuit
Autonomic nervous system

The Ossification:

Definition
Types of ossification
Steps of ossification
Factors affecting bone growth

MEDICAL HISTOLOGY:

Introduction to histology

Importance of histology
Microscopy

The Cell

Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell junction
Cell division
Cell cycle

Epithelium:

Simple epithelium
Stratified epithelium

Connective tissues:

Classification of connective tissue

Connective tissue cells and fibers

Connective tissues proper:

Loose and dense connective issues

Cartilage and Bone:

Cartilage
Hairline cartilage

14
Fibro cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Bone:
Bone cell and matrix
Development of bones and growth
Microscopic structure of bone tissue

Blood:

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
Hemopoiesis

Muscle Tissues:

Smooth muscles
Skeletal muscles
Cardiac muscles

Nervous system:

Neuron
Nerve fibers
Nerve transmission
Peripheral nerves
Neuroglia
Grey and white matter
Cerebellum and cerebrum
Menninges

Circulatory system:

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Heart
Lymph vascular system

Endocrine System:

Pituitary gland
Adrenal gland
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland

15
Respiratory System:

Nasal cavities
Nasophyranx
Larynx
Trachea
Lungs

Practical of Histology
1. To study the microscope
2. To study the artefacts-1
3. To study the artefacts-2
4. To study the simple squamous ans cuboidal epithelium
5. To study the simple columnar and pseudostratified epithelium
6. To study stratified squamous and striated columnar epithelium
7. To study stratified cuboidal and transitional epithelium
8. To study loose areolar connective tissue
9. To study fibers of connective tissues
10. To study adipose tissues
11. To study dense connective tissues
12. To study dense connective tissues
13. To study the bone
14. To study the muscular tissue
15. To study the nervous tissue
16. To study the peripheral and ganglion
17. To study the blood vessels
18. To study the veins.

EMBRYOLOGY
General Embryology

 Embryology: old and new frontiers and as introduction to molecular regulation

and singling
 Gemotogenesis: Conversion of germ cells into male and female gametes
 First week of development: ovulation to plantation
 Second week of development: bilaminer germ cells
 Third week of development: trilaminer germ cells
 Third to eight weeks: The embryonic period
 Third month to birth: The fetus and placenta
 Birth defects and prenatal diagnosis

System –based Embryology

16
Skeletal System
 Skull
 Viscerocranium
 Limbs
 Vertebrae and vertebral column
 Ribs and sternum

Musculoskeletal System

 Striated skeletal musculature

 Molecular regulation of muscle development
 Patterning of muscles
 Derivatives of precursors muscle cells
 Head musculature
 Limb musculature
 Cardiac muscles
 Smooth muscles

Central Nervous System

 Spinal cord
 Brain
 Muscular regulation of brain development
 Cranial nerves
 Autonomic nervous system

Recommended Books
Langman’s Medical embryology
T.W.Sadler

UPPER LIMB

Bones of upper limb with muscular attachment

Pectoral region

Muscle
Mammary gland

Axilla

17
 Inlet, walls, Floor and contents
Brachial plexus
Axillary artery
Axillary lymph nodes

Back

Muscles and structures undercover of trapezius

Cutaneous nerves

Superficial veins

Lymphatic drainage of upper limb

Dermatomes

Shoulder and scapular region

Intermuscular spaces

Muscles

Axillary nerve

Anastomasis

Arm

Back of arm
Cubital fossa
Radial nerve

Front of arm

Muscles of anterior compartment

Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachial artery
Anastomasis around elbow
Large nerves
Profunda brachi

Forearm and hand

All the muscles
All nerves

18
Retinaculums
Apponeurosis
Arteries and veins

Detailed description of joints of upper limb

Clinical application

Radiology and surface marking

2. PHYSIOLOGY I

Syllabi and course of reading

Lectures 220 hrs

Practical 60 hrs

Total marks = 200

Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Viva/practical marks = 100

Total marks = 200

Pass marks =50%

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

Cell physiology and Homeostasis

Introduction
Basic physiological processes
Control systems of the body
Principles of the cell physiology
Organelles

19
Function of skin in homeostasis
Thermoregulation
Cutaneous circulation

Nerve and Muscle

Introduction
Structure of a typical neuron
Synapse
Neuroglia
Membrane potential
Action potential
Mixed nerves
Injuries to nervous tissue
Synaptic transmission
Skeletal muscle
Neuromuscular junction
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle

Physiology of Blood

Introduction
Blood volume, measurement and regulation
Plasma proteins
Physiology of erythrocytes
Iron metabolism and deficiency anemia
Blood groups
Spleen
Leucocytes
Immune system
Platelets
Mechanism of clotting
Lymph

Cardiovascular System

Introduction
Cardiac muscle
Properties of cardiac muscle
Cardiac cycle
Electrocardiogram
Nervous regulation of CVS
Control of blood vessels
Cardiac output

20
Stroke volume
Heart rate
Circulation
Vascular system
Microcirculation
Auto regulation of blood flow
Endothelium
Blood flow, resistance and pressure
Blood pressure
Arterial pulse
Venous pressure and volume
Circulatory shock
Heart failure
Coronary circulation
Myocardial ischemia and infarction
Cardiovascular reflexes and central control
Assessment of cardiac function

Respiratory system

Introduction
Physiologic anatomy of respiratory tract
Pulmonary circulation
Function of lungs
Physical aspects of ventilation
Mechanics of breathing
Elastic properties of chest wall
Lung volumes and capacities
Exchange of gases
Carriage of oxygen
Carriage of carbon dioxide
Effects of exercise
Regulation of breathing
Respiratory reflexes
Chemical regulation of respiration
Nervous control of respiration
High altitude
Hypoxia
Cyanosis
Decompression sickness
Dyspnoea
Voluntary hyperpnoea
Space travel
Pulmonary function test
Respiration acid-base balance
Artificial respiration.

21
 REFERENCE BOOKS

Recommended Books:

1. Text Book Of Medical Physiology by Arthur C.Gyton

2. Essential of Medical Physiology:Vol.1 & 11 by Mushtaq Ahamd
3. Basis of Clinical Physiology by Prof. Akram

Reference Books:

1. Physiology and anatomy by E.M.Geisheimer

2. Applied physiology by samsom wright
3. Experimental physiology by Harris, smrat and gilding
4. Anatomy and physiology for physiotherapists by D.B. Moffit R.F. Mottrain

Practical of physiology
1. 1.Microscope
2. Preparation of blood smear
3. Determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( westergens method)
4. Determination of RBC’s count in peripheral blood
5. determination of blood groups
6. Determination of total leukocytes count
7. Determination of platelets count in peripheral blood
8. Determination of bleeding time
9. Determination of clotting time
10. Nerve Muscle preparation.
11. recording of simple muscle twitch
12. To demonstrate the phenomenon of fatigue.
13. To demonstrate state of effect of temperature on simple muscle twitch.
14. To demonstrate the effect of two successive stimuli on Frog’s nerve muscle
preparation.
15. To demonstrate the Phenomenon of Tetanization.

3. MEDICAL PHYSICS

Syllabi and course of reading

Lectures/Tutorials 210 hrs

Practical 60 hrs

Total marks = 200

22
Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Viva/practical marks = 100

Total marks = 200

Pass marks =50%

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

Electricity and Magnetism:

Structure of atom, electron theory, conductors and insulators, conduction and convection,
displacement current.

Static Electricity:

Charging by conduction and induction, electrostatic field, gold leaf electroscope,

Capacitors, types of capacitors, Construction units, Arrangement of capacitors in series
and parallel, Charging and discharging of capacitors, Oscillating discharge of capacitor.

Current Electricity:

Ohm’s law, Electrical components and their units, Resistance, Types of resistance,
Chemical effects of a current, Types of current, Cells and batteries, Simple voltaic cell,
Wet and dry Lachlanhe cell, Combination of cells in series and parallel, Thermal effects
of current, Electrolysis and Electrolytic burn, Ionization of gases and thermionic
emission, Electronic tubes, Diodes and triodes.

Electromagnetism:

Molecular theory of magnetism, Magnetic effect of an electric current, Moving coil,

Voltmeter and Ammeter, Moving iron type, Hot wire type and thermocouple type meter,
Measurement of high frequency and alternate current with meters, Electromagnetic
induction, Faradic law and Lenze’s law, Mutual and self induction, Eddy‘s current,
Transformers, construction and type, Static and autotransformer, Dynamoconstuction,
AC and DC dyanamo.

23
Electro mechanics:

Current for treatment, Rectificaton of AC, Half wave and full wave and rectification,
Valve rectification circuits and metal and rectifier, Surging of current, Lewis surger and
valve surger, Reversor, Metronome interrupter and reverse Jones motor interrupter,
Vibrators and multi-vibrator circuit.

Classification of Currents:

Low Frequency currents:

Sinusoidal current, faradic current, galvanic currents, (constant & interrupted)diadynamic
current, TENS, smart Bristow faradic coil, super imposed current & their graphical
representation.
Medium frequency currents:
Interferential currents
Russian currents

High frequency currents:

Production by: Spark gap, Valves, Transistors
Long wave 10 K Hz______________100 K Hz
Medium wave 100 K Hz_____________10 K Hz
Short wave 10 K Hz______________100 K Hz
Micro wave 100 K Hz_____________1 K Hz

Mechanical Forces:

Composition and resolution of forces, equilibrium of particles and rigid body, moment of
force and torque, center of gravity, work, energy, power and their unit, law of friction and
units of friction and coefficient of friction. Three laws of motion, working principle of
pulley and lever, definition and ideas of momentum inertia and moment of inertia,
vibratory and simple periodic motion, hydraulic pressure, hydrostatic pressure and
specific gravity, Pascal’s law, Archimedes principle of water pump and siphon, elasticity
and Young’s modulus of elasticity, viscosity and process of diffusion and osmosis,
surface tension and liquid capillary.

Sound Waves:

Wave motion in sound, infrasonic and normal hearing band, characteristics of sound
waves and their velocity, ultrasonic, reflection and refraction of sound waves
characteristic of tone, resonance and beats, interference of sound waves.

Heat:

Scales of temperature and conversion from one to another scale, nature of heat energy,
specific heat and three modes of transference of heat energy, effects of pressures and
impurities on melting and boiling points.

24
Electromagnetic Radiations:

Electromagnetic spectrum, relation between frequency and wavelength, laws of

reflection, refraction and absorption, total internal reflection, cosine law and inverse
square law, concave and convex mirror, lenses and prisms, reflectors, radio wave (long
wave, medium wave, short wave, micro wave), infrared rays, visible rays, ultraviolet
rays, X-rays, nuclear radiation’s (alpha, beta and gamma)

Safety in Biomedical Instruments:

Electrical out lets, hot, neutral and ground connections, house wiring, pervasiveness of
electricity and of electricity shocks, causes of electric shock and precautions, effects of
electrical currents on human beings, techniques to reduce electrical shocks, micro shocks
and hazards, earth shocks and precautions against earth shocks.
Introduction to physical aspects of physiotherapy, electrotherapy, radiotherapy and
nuclear medicine equipment.
Electro-diagnostic and therapeutic apparatus, long wave diathermy, short wave
diathermy, micro wave diathermy, ultrasonic diathermy, infrasonic therapy, infra-red
lamps, ultraviolet lamps, radiotherapy apparatus, nuclear medicines, magnetic therapy
apparatus.

Radiation Protection:

Ionization and non-ionization radiation’s quantities and associated units of radiation’s

effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation’s ,internal and external hazards, main
principles to control external hazards by time, distance and shielding.

REFERENCE BOOKS
Recommended books :
1. Clayton’s Electrotherapy and Actinotheapy by P.M Scott
Reference books:
1. Preliminary Electricity for Physiotherapy by P Savage.
2. Basic Electronics by Grob
3. Principle of Bioinstruments by Richard A. Norman.
4. Hand book of Biomedical instrumentation by R.S. Kandpur
5. Basic radiation protection Technology by Gollnic.

25
 PSYCHOLOGY & PSYCHIATRY

Syllabi and course of reading

Lectures/Tutorials 160 hrs

Practical 40 hrs
Total marks = 100
Distribution
Short essay questions = 40 marks
Long essay questions = 60 marks
Total marks =100

Pass marks =50%

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

Definition, Nature and branches Of Psychology:

General Psychology
Abnormal psychology
Social psychology
Child psychology
Developmental psychology
Clinical psychology

Development cycle or stage of human beings

Infancy
Early childhood
Late childhood
Adolescent
Adulthood
Middle age
Old age (from all perspective, physical, psychological and social)

Hereditary and Environment and Their role in building

Personality:

Personality, its components, types, traits etc:

General Information about:

26
Mood

Temperament
Conflict
Frustration
Needs
Motives
Attitudes
Intelligence

How to asses the person by interview method:

Standardized interview
Unstandardized or Informal Interview

Projective Methods:

General information about it:

Thematic Apperception Test
Word Association Test
Hose Tree Person Test
Rotter`s Incomplete Scentence blank etc.

Intelligence:

Defense mechanism:

Projection
Regression
Rationalization
Denial
Suppression
Repression
Substitution

Personality disorders:

Obsessive
Histrionic
Dependent
Borderline

Neurotic disorders:

Anxiety
Depression

27
Psychotic disorders:
Schizophrenia
Mania

SOCIOLOGY
Syllabi and course of reading

Lectures/Tutorials 80 hrs

Total marks = 50
Distribution
Short essay questions = 40 %
Long essay questions = 60 %

Total marks 50

Pass marks =50%

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

1. Introduction:

Definition
Subject matter
Sociology, the science of society

2. Social Action and Interaction:

Social processes; Co-operation, Competition, Conflict and Accommodation.

3. Social Groups:

Primary-Secondary, In and Out Group, Reference group.

4. Culture:

Meanings, Materials, Non-material aspects of culture, Values, Beliefs, Sanctions.

Cultural relativism and Ethnocentrism, Norms, Folk ways, Mores and Laws.
Role and Status, Conflict, Deviancy and Social control.

28
5. Socialization and Personality:

Socialization and personality formation.

6. Social institution:

Meanings, Social stratification, Meanings and Forms (Classes and Castes)

7. Social and Cultural Change:

Factors of promoting and resisting social change

8. The Field of Medical Sociology:

Contribution of sociology to medicine

Social causes of diseases
Aging and its socio-medical implication
Environmental pollution and health
Patient perspective of Illness
Patient, Physiotherapist relationship
Role of Physiotherapists and attendants in the managements of patient

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. David,Tucket An Introduction to Medical Sociology

2. Horton,Paul and Chester Sociology
3 .Moon Graham Society to Medical Sociology

SPECIAL EDUCATION
Syllabi and course of reading

Lectures/Tutorials 80 hrs

Total marks = 50
Distribution
Short essay questions = 40 %
Long essay questions = 60 %

Total marks 50

Pass marks =50%

29
 DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

Basic Knowledge of Special Students, Definition and Characteristics Of :

Physically handicapped children

Speech and hearing impaired children
Mentally retarded children
Blind and partially sighted children
Gifted children
Emotionally disturbed children
Culturally deprived and economically disadvantaged children
Children with learning disabilities
Multiple handicapped

2. Social Trends in Special Education:

Elimination, Rejection, Isolation and Integration

Changing role of social institutions regarding special children
Vocational rehabilitation of special children
Innovative technology and services in special children
Efforts in developing least restrictive environments in schools, job market, social
institutions, public service departments and in accessing secretarial services
Equal opportunities, main-streaming and inclusion for the education of special children
Families under stress and out-reach program
Increasing role of NGOs in the education and rehabilitation of special children

REFERENCE BOOKS
Recommended books:

1. Alln and Becaon,(1992), Introduction to Special Education. A Simon & Superter

Comp.Needham Heights
2. Howard ,W.l.(1988); Exceptional Children , Columbus, Merill.
3. Patton, J.R.(1991); Exceptional Childeren and Adults, Boston Scott Foresmen and
Co.
4. Patton J.R.(1991); Exceptional Children in Focus,New York, Macmillian pub.Co

IMPORTANT NOTE…THE PAPER OF SOCIOLOGY & SPECIAL

EDUCATION WILL BE ON SAME DAY.QUESTION PAPERS WILL BE
SEPARATE.THE DURATION OF EACH PAPER WILL BE ONE HOUR AND
THIRTY MINUTES

30
 BIOSTATISTICS

(Syllabi and Courses of Readings)

The Course of Instruction in Biostatistics and Research Methods shall extend over a
period one academic year.
Minimum hours of instruction will be as follow:

1. Lectures: 100 Hours

2. Practical/Demonstration 60 Hours
__________
Total: 160 Hours
This paper will of 100 marks for written examination

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS:

Objectives:

1. To introduce the need for learning Statistics in Health Sciences and their
application in practice of Medicine/Physiotherapy/ Allied Health Sciences.
2. To introduce such basic concepts of statistical formulae and techniques based
on statistical methodology and practice the statistical procedures by using the
real health situation with the help of lectures, seminars practical and
demonstration.
3. To introduce students such basic concepts of statistical procedures and
drawing inferences from them.
4. To enable the students to review the published research papers particularly
from statistical stand points.
5. To enable the students to initiate, undertake and participate in small scale
study by collecting the data from real world situation and prepare the
Research on its basis.

Contents of the Course:

Introduction of Bio-Statistics
Background and definition of Statistics, descriptive and inferential
statistics, Statistical data, source of data, collection of health related data,
Management of data by tabulation, classification, graph, charts, Histogram,
Pie chart, Scatter diagram and Line chart.
Sampling and Sampling techniques
Concept of population and sample, reasons to use sampling, Random
number and their application, sampling techniques; Random (simple
random sampling, systematic, stratified random sampling, cluster
sampling) and Non-random sampling (judgment sampling/purposive

31
 sampling, convenience, quota and snowball sampling), Determination of
sample size, Error, Bias, sources of error and bias.
Measures of Location and Dispersion
Measure of central tendency and its types, arithmetic mean, median, mode
and Geometric mean, absolute and relative dispersion, Range, mean
deviation, quartile deviation, standard deviation, variance, significance of
standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Symmetry, skewness and its
measure.
Probability and Probability distribution
Introduction of probability and its uses in medical and health sciences,
Venn diagram, concept of random experiment, definition of probability and
its measurement, laws of probability, Bayes theorem and its application,
Survival Analysis, Random variable, mathematical expectation, Binomial
distribution , Poisson distribution, Normal distribution and its application,
Normal curve and its properties.
Statistical Inference
Introduction of inference, its types, Estimation and Testing of Hypothesis,
Sampling distribution of mean, standard error of mean, Point estimation,
confidence interval of population mean, null and alternative hypothesis,
type I & II error, test of significance based on Z, t, F, χ2 distributions, test of
mean for small and large sample, test for independent and paired
observations, inference regarding correlation and regression coefficient,
ANOVA (Analysis of variance)
Regression and Correlation Analysis
Introduction to relationship, scatter diagram, regression analysis, simple
linear regression line, least square method for fitting regression line, simple
concept of multiple regression, correlation analysis, simple linear correlation
and correlation coefficient , coefficient of determination, interpretation of
correlation coefficient, Association , measure of association, contingency
table, goodness of fit, Measurement of Risk in diagnostic process, odd
ratio/hazard ratio.
Introduction to Research
Introduction to Research, Significance of research, Types of Research,
Research process, Research Problem, selection of research problem, Review
of Literature, Research Hypothesis, testing of research hypothesis
Research Design
Basic concept of research design, Experimental and non-experimental
design, Clinical trails, randomized controlled clinical trail, Validity and
reliability of design.
Measurement Scale
Meaning of measurement, measurement scale, different types of scale,
nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scale
Data collection Instruments
Methods of data collection, instruments of data collection, interview,
observation, questionnaire
Data Analysis & Report Writing

32
 Preparation of data for analysis by using computer software SPSS, Minitab,
Epi-info, MS-office, format and style of report, Referencing
Introduction to Epidemiology. and Vital Statistics

PRESCRIBED BOOKS

1. Dawson B, Robbert G: Basic & Clinical Biostatistics. McGraw-

Hill International Edition, 2001
2. Neil J. Salkind: Exploring Research. Prentice-Hall, New-Jersey
3. Park’s: Text Book of preventive and social medicine.
4. Stanton A: Premier of Bio-Statistics. McGraw-Hill International
edition, 2000

PRESCRIBED BOOKS

1. Ibrahim M. Biostatistics & Research Methods. IQRA RESEARCH

CENTRE International Edition, 2007
2. Rauf Ch. Basic Statistics. Polymer Book Publishers
3. Miraj Din, Statistics, Karwan Book Agency, 2005
4. Sher M. Introduction of Statistics Theory.

SECOND YEAR
Second academic year of training shall comprise of following subjects:

1. Anatomy II
2. Physiology II
3. Biochemistry
4. Kinesiology
5. Biomechanics
6. Computer literacy program
7. Nursing

1. Anatomy II

Syllabi and course of reading

The paper of Anatomy II contains the following subjects

Lower limb
Pelvis

33
Head & Neck
Thorax & Abdomen
Brain

Lectures 220 hrs

Practical/demonstration 90 hrs

Total marks = 200

Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Viva/practical marks = 100

Total marks = 200

Pass marks =50%

Details of Syllabus

Lower limb:
Introduction

Innervations by lumber and sacral spinal nerves

Nerves related to bone
Venous and lymphatic drainage of lower limb
Dermatomes and cutaneous supply of lower limb

Bony Pelvis:

Detailed description of bony pelvis along muscles attachment

Detailed description of proximal femur along muscles attachment
Hip joint
Gateways to lower limb
Lumbosaccral plexus including detailed description of its branches
Arteries
Veins
Lymphatic

34
Deep fascia and saphenous opening
Femoral triangle and femoral sheaths

Gluteal region

(Muscles, nerves, arteries, veins and lymphatic)

Thigh

(Bones, muscles, arteries, veins, nerves, knee joint, tibiofibular joint, popliteal fossa)

Leg

(Bones, joints), Anterior, Posterior and Lateral compartments of leg (muscles, arteries,
veins and nerves)
Foot

(Bones, muscles, arteries, veins, nerves, joints, dorsum and sole of foot, tarsal tunnel,
retinacula and arches of foot)

Detailed Surface anatomy and radiography of lower limb

Detailed clinical application

Thorax:

Bones and joints of thorax in detail along muscular attachment

Wall of thorax
Muscles
Nerves
Arteries
Veins
Azygous venous system
Thoracic cavity and pleura

Lungs

External features
Fissures
Lobe
Structures passing
Arterial and venous drainage
Segments

Mediastinum:

35
Description of
Posterior
Superior
Inferior
Anterior
Middle

Pericardium and heart

Clinical application
Cardiovascular and lymphatic system:
Introduction to vascular structures
The heart
Aortic arch
Thoracic aorta
Abdominal aorta
General description of carotid, subclavian and iliac arterial system
Veins of the upper and lower limb

The systematic, portal and pulmonary circulation will be taught in as much detail as
necessary keeping the practical and applied aspects in view
Stress should be laid on the venous and lymphatic drainage of the important regions of
the body
Respiratory System:
General description of ;
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Pleura
Detailed description of lung and mediastinum

Head, Neck and Back:

Bones of skull
Skull joints
Anatomical position
Exterior and interior of skull
Mandible
Maxilla
Detailed description of all the cervical, Thoracic, Lumber, Sacral and Coccyx Vertebrae
Ossification of Cranial bones and Vertebrae
Facial muscles
Motor and sensory supply of face

36
Blood supply of face
Deep cervical fascia
Triangles of neck
Muscles of mastication
Muscles of vertebral column
Joints of vertebral column
Surface land marking
Radiological findings

Abdomen and Pelvis:

Introduction of Anterior abdominal wall & abdominal planes:

Introduction
Muscles and their actions
Rectus sheath
Fascia transversalis
Inguinal canal

Posterior abdominal wall:

Introduction
Abdominal aorta
Inferior vena cava
Muscles
Thoracolumber fascia
Lumber plexus

Diaphragm

Walls of the Pelvis:

Contents
Internal iliac artery
Nerves of the pelvis
Pelvic fascia and muscles
Joints of the pelvis
Clinical applications

37
 BRAIN

Introduction to Brain

Introduction

Classification of neurons
Parts of nervous system
Part of brain

Meningies of Brain and Cerebrospianl fluid:

Introduction
Dura matter
Arachnoid matter
Pia matter
Subarachnoid space
Cerebrospinal fluid

Spinal Cord:

Introduction
Nuclei of spinal cord
Sensory receptor
Tracts of spinal cord

Brain Stem:

Medulla oblongata
Pons
Midbrain

Nuclei of Cranial Nerves and Reticular formation:

Distribution and function of all cranial nerve

Reticular formation

Cerebellum:

Introduction
Connections

38
Fourth Ventricle:

Communications & detailed description

Cerebrum:

Introduction
External and internal features and functional areas
Diencephalons
Thalamus
Metathalamus
Epithalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus
Basal nuclei and its connections
White matter of cerebrum
Internal capsule

3rd and lateral Ventricles and Limbic System:

Neural Pathways:
Pyramidal tracts
Pathways of pain, temperature, touch, proprioceptive impulses, visual, auditory,
vestibular, olfactory and taste pathways
Extra-pyramidal Tracts

Blood Supply of Spinal cord and Brain:

REFERENCE BOOKS
Recommended books:

1. Grey’s Anatomy
Reference Books:
1. R.J last’s anatomy
2. Clemente, atlas of the anatomy
3. Netters atlas of anatomy

PHYSIOLOGY II
Syllabi and course of reading

39
Lectures 220 hrs
Practical 60 hrs

Total marks = 200

Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Viva/practical marks = 100

Total marks = 200

Pass marks =50%

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

KIDNEY AND BODY FLUIDS

Introduction

Physiologic Anatomy
Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion
Mechanism of urine formation
What are fluids and electrolytes?
Water depletion
Sodium depletion
Tissue fluid formation
How acids are produced in the body
Fate of secreted H+
Pathophysiology of acid-base disorders
Endocrinal and metabolic functions of kidney
Kidney function tests
Urinary bladder and micturation
Renal failure and uraemic syndrome
Artificial kidney

Gastrointestinal system

40
Introduction
Physiologic anatomy of alimentary canal
Saliva
Oesophagus
Deglutition
Stomach
Movements of stomach
Vomiting
Pancreas
Liver: the super chemist
Gall bladder
Liver function tests
Small intestine
Movements of small intestine
Large intestine
Movements of large intestine
Defecation reflex
Endocrinal role of gastrointestinal tract

Nervous system

Introduction to nervous system

Receptors
Reflex activity
Spinal cord

Somatasensory system and Somatomotor system

Physiology of pain
Brain stem
Thalamus
Internal capsule
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Basal ganglia
Cerebral Cortex
Limbic system
Reticular formation
Proprioceptors
Posture and equilibrium
Vestibular apparatus
Electroencephalogram
Epilepsy
Higher intellectual functions
Cerebrospinal fluid
Autonomic Nervous System

41
Endocrinology

Introduction to endocrinology
Hormones
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands and physiology of bone
Endocrine functions of pancreas
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
Endocrine functions of other organs
Local hormone

Sports physiology

The muscles in exercise

Strength, power and endurance of muscles
Muscle metabolic systems in exercise
Nutrients used during muscle activity
Effect of athletic training on muscles and muscle performance
Respiration in exercise
The cardiovascular system in exercise
Body heat in exercise
Body fluids and salt in exercise
Drugs and athletes
Body fitness prolongs life

REFERENCE BOOKS

Recommended Books:
1. Text Book Of Medical Physiology by Arthur C.Gyton
2. Essential of Medical Physiology: Vol.1 & 11 by Mushtaq Ahamd
3. Basis of Clinical Physiology by Prof. Akram

Reference Books:

1. Physiology and anatomy by E.M.Geisheimer

2. Applied physiology by samsom wright
3. Expirmental physiology by Harris, smrat and gilding
4. Anatomy and physiology for physiotherapists by D.B. Moffit R.F. Mottrain

PRACTICAL PHYSIOLOGY
01. Determination of haemoglobin
02. Summation of stimuli

42
03. To determine the conduction velocity of frog’s sciatic nerve
04. Dissection for the exposure of frog’s heart
05. Determination of blood pressure and effect of posture and exercise on blood
pressure
06. Components of normal ECG complex
07. Abnormal ECG
08. Reflex activity
09. To demonstrate superficial and deep tendon reflexes
10. Pulmonary capacities
11. Screening for exercise – tolerance test i.e. cardio-respiratory fitness( CRF)
12. Tests of cranial nerve functions
13. Lumbar puncture

BIOMECHANICS

Lectures/Tutorials 160 hrs

Practical/demonstration 80 hrs

Total marks = 200

Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Viva/practical marks = 100

Total marks = 200

Pass marks = 50%

DETAILS OF SYALLBUS
Introduction to biomechanics

Basic concepts

The System International d’ Units (SI)

Biomechanics of Tissues and Structures of Musculoskeletal System:

43
Biomechanics of Bone:

Introduction
Bone composition and structure
Biomechanical properties of bone
Bone remodeling
Degenerative changes in bone associated with Aging

Biomechanics of Articular Cartilage

Introduction
Composition and structure of articular cartilage
Biomechanical behavior of articular cartilage
Lubrication of articular cartilage
Wear of articular cartilage
Hypothesis on biomechanics of cartilage degeneration

Biomechanics of Tendons and Ligaments:

Introduction
Composition and structure of Tendons and Ligaments
Mechanical behavior of Tendons and Ligaments
Factors that affect the biomechanical properties of Tendons and Ligaments

Biomechanics of Peripheral Nerves and Spinal Nerve Roots

Introduction
Anatomy and physiology Peripheral Nerves
Anatomy and physiology of Spinal Nerve Roots
Biomechanical behavior of Peripheral Nerves
Biomechanical behavior of Spinal Nerve Roots

Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscle:

Introduction
Composition and Structure of Skeletal Muscle
Molecular Basis of Muscle Contraction
Mechanics of Muscle Contraction
Force produced in Muscle
Muscle Fiber Differentiation
Muscle Injuries
Muscle Remodeling

Biomechanics of Joints:
Biomechanics of Knee:

44
Introduction
Kinematics
Kinetics

Biomechanics of Hip:

Introduction
Anatomical considerations
Kinematics
Kinetics

Biomechanics of the Foot and Ankle:

Introduction
Growth of the foot
Kinematics of the foot
Kinetics of the foot
Ankle joint biomechanics
Kinetics of ankle joint
Effects of shoe wear on Foot/Ankle biomechanics

Biomechanics of the Lumber Spine:

Introduction
The Motion segment (The functional unit of the spine)
Kinematics

Kinetics

Biomechanics of the Cervical Spine:

Introduction
Components anatomy and biomechanics
Kinetics
Kinematics
Applied biomechanics
Biomechanics of Cervical Trauma

Introduction
Component anatomy and biomechanics
Kinetics
Kinematics
Applied biomechanics
Biomechanics of cervical trauma

45
Biomechanics of the Shoulder:

Introduction
Kinematics and anatomy
Kinetics

Biomechanics of Elbow:

Introduction
Anatomy
Kinematics
Carrying Angle
Elbow Stability
Kinetics
Electromyography
Elbow joint forces
Articular surface forces
Calculation of joint reaction forces at the elbow

Biomechanics of the Wrist and Hand:

Introduction
Anatomy of the wrist and hand
Control of the wrist and hand
Kinematics
Interaction of wrist and hand motion
Patterns of prehensile hand function

Applied Biomechanics:

Biomechanics of Fracture Fixation:

Introduction
Fracture stability and healing
Fixation devices and methods

Biomechanics of Arthroplasty:

Introductions
Forces at hip joint
Rotational movements about the implant
Reconstructed joint geometry
Stem position within the femoral canal
Periprosthetic bone loss
Forces at knee joint
Medial-lateral load distribution

46
Patellofemoral joint and loads
Joint line heights
Posterior cruciate ligaments
Conformity
Constraint
Polyethylene
Anterior cruciate ligament

Engineering Approaches to Standing, Sitting and Lying:

Biomechanics of standing
Reading
Biomechanics of pelvis
Flat versus Ball and Socket joint
Sitting
Seat
Lying
Decubitus ulcers
Mechanics of Gait:
Introduction
Anatomical consideration
Methods of gait analysis
Gait cycle
Time-distance variables
Angular kinematics
Segmental kinetics
Muscular control

REFERENCE BOOKS

Recommended books:

1. Joint Structure and Function :A comprehensive analysis by Pemela k.

2. Basic Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal Syrstem by Margrate Nordin, Vicor H
3. Basic Biomechanics by Suan J.Hall.

BIOCHEMISTRY

Lectures/Tutorials 200 hrs

Total marks = 100

47
Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Total marks = 100

Pass marks = 50%

DETAILS OF SYALLBUS

Proteins structure and function:

Amino acids
Structure of proteins
Globular and fibrous protein
Enzymes

Intermediary Metabolism:

Bioenergetics and oxidative phosphorylation

Glycolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Citric acid cycle
Hexose monophosphate pathway

Carbohydrate Metabolism:

Structure of carbohydrates
Metabolism of Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
Glycogen Metabolism
Glycosaminoglycans
Glycoproteins

Lipid Metabolism:

Metabolism of Dietary lipids

Fatty acid and Triacylglycerol Metabolism
Phospholipids Metabolism

48
Glycolipid Metabolism
Cholesterol and Steroid Metabolism

Nitrogen Metabolism:

Amino acids: Disposal of nitrogen

Amino acids: Metabolism of carbon skeletons
Conversion of Amino acids to specialized products

Integration of Metabolism:

Metabolic effects of Insulin and Glycogen

Metabolism in Well-Fed State
Metabolism in Starvation, Diabetes Mellitus and Injury
Nutrition
Vitamins

Storage and Expression of Genetic Information:

Nucleotide Metabolism
DNA structure and Replication
Protein Synthesis
Molecular basis of Inherited Diseases

REFERENCE BOOKS
Recommended Books:

1. Text book of Physiology and Biochemistry : by Bell, Devidson and Borrough

2. Essential of Medical Biochemistry Vol.1& 11 Mushtaq Ahamad
3. Liponcorts Biochemistry

KINESIOLOGY

Syllabi and course of reading

Lectures 210 hrs

Tutorials/Demonstrations 100 hrs

Total marks = 200

Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks

49
 Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Viva/practical marks = 100

Total marks = 200

Pass marks =50%

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

Introduction:

Meaning of kinesiology and muscle testing, meaning of rehabilitation,

professional/etiquette, and maintenance records.

Mechanics

Mechanical Principles
Force-force system
Descriptions units
Component of force
Resolution of force
Linear and parallel force system
Newton law of motion

INEAR FORCE SYSTEM

Pressure –application
Parallel force system

Lever
Types-application
First, second and third class order levers
Importance of levers of Physiotherapy
Use of force and leverage

Pulley

Type –application

Torque

Calculation of muscle and joint force

50
Anatomical application of lever system and other pulley system application

Gravity

Equilibrium –balance system, Segmental structure of body –centre of gravity

Friction Lubrication
Elasticity and Plasticity

MECHANICS OF POSITION

Gravity, centre of gravity, level of gravity, equilibrium, fixation and basic starting
position

MECHANICS OF MOVE MENT

Plane classification of motion and force

Special cases
Acrokine matics
Kinematics chains
Velocity, Acceleration , momentum , Inertia , Acceleration and base
Anatomical standing position
Angle of pull
Pulley system
Suspension apparatus
Elasticity

Springs, Elastic, Rubbers

An introduction to movement

MECHANICS OF MOVEMENTS

Axis-plane, speed, velocity, acceleration, momentum, inertia, introduction to muscle

work, joint muscle work, joint motion and ranges, Newton law and three applications on
human body

MOVEMENTS

Normal movement, with anatomical and physiological application

Classification of movement

Active movement

Passive movement

PASSIVE MOVEMENTS

51
Classification of passive movement, relax, forced and accessory passive movement
application of all above movement techniques effect and uses of passive movement,
range of movement joint range limiting factors muscle range.

ACTIVE MOVEMENTS

Classification of active movements

Active free movement

Active assisted movement

Active resisted movement

Active assisted resisted movement

Techniques of performance effects and uses of all the above mention movements must be
taught in detail.

Muscle Action

Muscle contraction, muscle tone, physiological application to potural tone, group action
of muscle details of muscle work manner of muscle work, concentric eccentric

RELAXATION

Definition, methods of obtaining relaxation, effect and uses, principals of giving

relaxation exercise

STARTING POSITION

Fundamental positions, derived positions, muscle work and there effect and uses

POSTURE

Definition, anatomical presentation of correct posture difference between correct and

incorrect posture causes of bade posture maintenance of good posture, posture training
and control

SUSPENSION THERAPY

Suspension application methods, technique of suspension sling, suspension concept of

incline planes and effect on muscle work joint mobility muscle strengthening
coordination relaxation

52
RE-EDUCATION MUSCLES

Flaccid and a tonic muscle voluntary muscle, testing and charting principals of muscle
reeducation localized controlled movement coordinate movement

MATHODS OF RE-EDUCATION

Manual

Sling suspension

Polished suspension

Pool therapy

FURTHER APPLICATION OF ESISTANCE TECHNIQUES

Manual

Mechanical

Weight

Spring

Heavy Resistance Methods

Spastic method, movement pattern, group action of muscle training of functional activity
Mechanical aids for function, uses of braces, splints and appl8cation of some working
machine

Reeducation of walking

Limiting factors, examination

Assessment

Recording of data

Mobilizing Techniques

Passive
Assisted active
Free active
Resistive active
PNF Techniques of joining mobilization

53
MUSCLE STENGHTENING TECHNIQUES

Assessment and recording of muscle power, causes of muscle weakness and techniques
of muscle strengthening.
Auto resisted
Manual
Resisted

CLASS WORK

Group treatment Gymnasium classes principles and classification, word classes, value of
individual and class exercise, indication and contraindication.

RESPIRATORY EXERCISE

General breathing exercise (inspiratory and expiratory) effects and uses, localized and
specialized breathing exercise.

ERECT POSTURE

General principles of equilibrium and stability

Stable, unstable and neutral equilibrium
Centre of gravity
Detail description of centre of gravity of the body
Centre of gravity of entire body
Centre of gravity of individual limb segment
Centre of gravity of body mass above the knee joint
Centre of gravity of body mass above the hip joint
Centre of gravity of the head
Body balance when standing on both feet
Balance on the bas of support
Balance at ankle joint
Balance at knee joint
Balance at hip joint
Balance of vertebral column
Pelvic balance
Balance of the head
Comfortable posture
Perpendicular posture
A symmetrical posture
Body balance when standing on one foot
Balance on the surface of support
Balance at hip

LOCOMOTION

54
General characteristics of locomotion
Walking cycle
Variation of walking speed

Kinematics of locomotion

Choronophotography
Interrupted lights
Recording of transverse rotation

Kinetic of locomotion

Ground reaction
Ms. Process
Energy cost in walking
Energy cost in handicapped walking

PRACTICAL

Measurement of joint motion

Muscle testing

MEASUREMENT OF JOINT MOTION

Introduction to Goniometry
Basic concepts
Goniometry
Joint motion
Range of motion
Factors affecting ROM
End-feel
Capsular and non capsular pattern of ROM limitation
Procedures
Positioning
Stabilization
Measurements Instruments
Alignment
Recording
Procedures
Validity and Reliability
Reliability Studies
Mathematical methods of evaluation measurement reliability
Exercise to evaluate reliability

PRACTICAL

55
Measurement of upper extremity
Measurement of lower extremity
Measurement of tempomendibular joint
Measurement of the cervical spine
Measurement of the thoracic spine
Measurement of the lumber joint
Average range of motion
Joint measurement by body position

COMPUTER LITERACY PROGRAM

Syllabi and course of reading

The course of instruction in computer literacy program shall extend over a period of one
academic year and there will be departmental evaluation at the end of completion of the
course
Lectures/illustrations/practical = 40+40

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

Computer concepts:

Fundamentals of computer. I/O devices and data processing. Central processing unit and
its components. Computer system (hardware and software)
Types of software:
System software, Application software
Computer storage devices:
Primary storage devices, Secondary storage devices
Types of secondary storage:
Optical storage devices, Magnetic storage devices
Disc operating system:

Introduction to operating system

1) Single user 2) Multi-user 3) Multi-tasking
Operating system files. Booting system. File name and extension. Types of files. Batch of
files. How to create a file using MS-DOS Editor. Internal and external commands. Parts
of command. Bytes.

MS-Window:

Introduction of windows. Difference between DOS & Windows. Program Manager.

Icons (Group icons & Program icons). Detail about file manager.

Microsoft Office:

56
 1. Microsoft office manager (in detail)
2. Microsoft word (in detail)
3. Microsoft excel (in detail)
4. Microsoft power point (in detail)

Introduction to Database:

How to create a database, Fields (Data type and width), Adding, Editing, Deleting
records, Displaying records using logistic expressions, Printing records, Indexing,
Displaying messages on screen, Calendar/Diary.

Anti-virus Program:

Toolkit 7.73

Internet and Emails:

Internet and internetworking, How to login on internet server, Assessing internet

resources, Searching information about some particular topics, How to chat, Sending and
receiving E-mails, Installation through hardware and software.

Trouble Shooting:

Removing errors during software installations, Internet & E-mail, Installation through
hardware and software, Infection by computer viruses and how to scan and kill viruses.

NURSING

The course of nursing shall extend over a period of one academic year and there will be
departmental evaluation at the end of completion of the course
Lectures/Demonstrations = 80

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

General Care of Patient:

First aid management

Bed making

57
Lifting and transfer of patients

Taking of recording of;

Temperature
Pulse
Respiratory rate
Blood pressure

Intramuscular and intra-articular Injections

Application of Branula

Skin care

Prevention of pressure sores

Uses of bed cradles

Techniques of application of:

Crepe bandage
Tube grip

Techniques of application of fermentation’s compresses lubricants

Aseptic techniques

Dressing sterilization
Sterilization of equipment
Preparation of dressing trolleys

Practical ward experience under supervision, ward etiquette’s

THIRD YEAR
Third academic year of training shall comprise of following subjects:
1. Pathology
2. Electrotherapy and actinotherapy
3. Therapeutics Exercises and Technique 1
4. Pharmacology
5. Genetics & Molecular Biology
6. Laws and Ethics of Physiotherapy and Management for physiotherapist

PATHOLOGY

58
 Syllabi and course of reading

The paper of Pathology contains the following subjects

General pathology
Microbiology
Special pathology
Lectures 200 hrs
Practical/demonstration 120 hrs

Total marks = 200

Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Viva/practical marks = 100

Total marks = 200

Pass marks =50%

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

GENERAL PATHOLOGY

Cell injury adaptation and death

Causes and mechanism of cell injury

Cellular adaptation to injury, apoptosis,cellular injury

Acute and chronic inflammation

Brief description, morphological effects of inflammation

Tissue repair
Cell regeneration and fibrosis

Homodynamic disorders thrombosis and shock

Brief description of edema, haemorrhage,hemostasis and thrombosis, embolism and

shock

Diseases of immunity

59
Cell of autoimmune system, hypersensitivity reactions, autoimmune diseases,
immunodeficiency disease, amyloidosis

Neoplasia

Characteristics of neoplasm,carcinogenesis,carcinogenic agents,tumour immunity and

clinical features of neoplasia

General pathology of infectious diseases

New and immerging infectious diseases, categories of infectious agents, and diagnosis of
infectious agents

SPECIAL PATHOLOGY
SKIN

Effect of radiations on various skin lesions, Simple and malignant tumor of skin, Cyst

Musculoskeletal system

Diseases of bones, congenital and hereditary diseases of bones,

Osteoporosis and acquired metabolic disease
Osteomyelitis
Paget,s disease
Bone tumors
Bone forming tumors
Cartilaginous tumors,
Giant cell tumor
Ewing sarcoma
Fibrous dysplasia
Diseases of joints
Osteoarthritis ,gout, infectious arthritis,
Diseases of musculoskeletal system
Muscle atrophy, myasthenia gravis, inflammatory myopathies and muscular dystrophy

Soft tissue diseases

Tumors of adipose tissues

Lipoma, liposarcoma
Tumors of fibrous tissues
Fibrohistiocytic tumors
Neoplasm of skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle tumors
Synovial sarcoma

60
Nervous system

Introduction
Herniation and hydrocephalous
Vascular diseases,encephalopathy,infarcts ,intracranial haemorrhage,central nervous
system traumas, congenital malformation and perinatal brain injury ,infections of nervous
system, menintigitis,encephalitis,brain abscesses and tuberculosis. neoplasm of central
nervous system, primary diseases of myelin, multiple sclerosis,leuko dystrophies,
degenerative diseases, Alzheimer disease and related disorders ,parkinsonism,
Huntington disease and diseases of motor neurons, diseases of peripheral nervous system

Respiratory system

Atelectasis, obstructive and restrictive lung diseases

Obstructive lung diseases, asthama, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases,
emphysema,chronic bronchitis,bronchioactasis
Restrictive lung diseases,
Acute Restrictive lung diseases
Chronic Restrictive lung diseases
Vascular lung diseases
Pulmonary infections
Types of pneumonias

Tuberculosis, fungal infections, lung abcess,pulmonary disease in HIV infection

Lung tumors
Pleural lesions
Lesions of upper respiratory system

Vascular system

Structure of blood vessels

Diseases of large blood vessels
Homeostasis and thrombosis
Hyperemic vascular diseases, inflamotory diseases of blood vessels, aneurysms, disorders
of the veins, lymphatic disorders
Miscellaneous conditions
Breast cancers, breast abcess, breast carcinoma and breast fibro adenoma.

Microbiology

Basic bacteriology

Structure, growth, genetics and classification of important bacterias,pathogenesis,host

defences,laboratory diagnosis, sterilization and disinfection.

61
Clinical bacteriology

Brief description of medically important bacteria

Basic virology

Structure, replication.genitics and classification of viruses, pathogenesis,host defenses

and laboratory diagnosis.

Clinical virology

Brief description of medically important viruses.

REFERENCE BOOKS

Basics &advanced Human Pathology

Recommended Books:

1. Pathology by Robbins
2. Introduction to Pathology by Weight
3. Lecture notes on Pathology by Thomas and Cotton
4. General Pathology by Florey.

PRACTICALS OF PATHOLOGY
1. To study the microscope
2. To study the calcification
3. To study the osteogenic sarcoma
4. To study the granulation tissue
5. To study the chronic inflammation (cholecystitis)
6. To study the acute inflammation (appendicitis)
7. To Fibroedenoma
8. To study the carcinoma of breast
9. To study the actinomycosis
10. To study the culture media
11. To study the gram staining
12. To study the Z-N staining
13. To study the gaint cell tumor

ELECTROTHERAPY & ACTINOTHERAPY

62
 Syllabi and course of reading

Lectures 250 hrs

Practical/demonstration 110 hrs

Total marks = 200

Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Viva/practical marks = 100

Total marks = 200

Pass marks =50%

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

Introduction & General consideration of electrotherapy

Types of current used

Low frequency current
Medium frequency current
High frequency current

1. Low frequency current

Faradic current
Sinusoidal current
Galvanic current
-constant galvanic current
-modified galvanic current
Superimposed currents
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Dia-dynamic currents

Faradic current

Detailed description of faradic current, treatment techniques and method of application

63
Sinusoidal current

Detailed description of sinusoidal current, treatment and method of application

Galvanic current
1. Constant galvanic current
Detailed description of galvanic current treatment, methods of application, dangers
precautions contraindications

Ionization
-medical ionization
-surgical ionization

Medical ionization

Theory& proof of ionization, effects of various ions,i.e

iodine,salycylate,albucid,copper,zinc,histamine,carbacol,renotinenovocaine,lithium,techn
iques of medical ionization with vasodilator drugs, techniques for special areas

Surgical treatment

Brief description of role of ionization in surgical conditions and its practical applications

2. Modified Galvanic current

Definition,physical effects, therapeutic effects,uses,treatment techniques & methods of

application

Electrical stimulation of nerve & muscle

A nerve supply
Property of accommodation

Electrical Reactions

Normal & abnormal reactions of nerve & muscle to faradism & intruppted direct current
Changes in electrical reaction in
Upper motor neurons
Lower motor neurons
Muscular disease
Methods of electrical test
Faradic & I.D.C test
Strength duration curve
Accomodity test
Electromyography

64
Definition,method,value,uses of E.M.G,Electromygraphy,temperature feed back
technique
Super imposed current
Introduction,definition,effects,uses,technique methods dangers & precautions of
Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS)
Definition, theoretical basis of pain, equipment,selection,electrode placement, and
clinical indications

Dia dynamic current

Basic currents (MF,DF)

Derivative of basic current
Brief description of Dia dynamic and basic currents

2.High frequency current

Definition, production, properties, physiological,therapeutic effects, methods of

application uses, precautions and contraindications of HFC Including
Short wave diathermy
Microwaves diathermy
Long wave diathermy

Short wave diathermy

Definition, Methods of application (Condenser field method & Cable method),

Physiological and Therapeutic effects, Uses, Techniques and methods of application,
Danger, Precautions and Contraindications.

Microwaves diathermy:

Definition, Production, Methods of application, Physiological and Therapeutic effects,

Uses, Techniques and methods of application Dosage, Danger, Precautions and
Contraindications.

Long wave diathermy

Definition, Production, Methods of application, Physiological and Terapeutic effects,

Uses, Techniques and methods of application Dosage, Danger, Precautions and
Contraindications.

3. Medium Frequency Current:

Inferential Current:
Introduction, physical principles, electro-physiological effects, clinical applications,
methods of application, treatment consideration contraindications.

65
Physics of head and Radiation:

Definition of head and temperature, physical effects, transmission of heat, radiant energy
electromagnetic spectrum its production & properties, laws governing radiation.

Infra-Red Rays:

Definition, production, luminous & non-luminous generators, physiological effects,

therapeutics effects, uses, techniques of application, dangers and contraindications.

Ultra Violet Rays:

Production, U.V. rays.

Mercury Vapor Lamp:

Air cooled mercury vapor lamp

Kromayer lamp

Fluorescent Tubes:

Penetration of rays into the skin

Physiological effects (local & general)
Therapeutic effects
Sensitizers
Assessment of doses
Test dose
Techniques of local and general radiation with special techniques of treatment of wounds
Techniques with compression
Dangers & precautions
Contraindications

Heliotherapy:

Introduction, effects, uses, dangers and contraindications.

Ultrasonic Therapy:

Introduction, production, physiological & therapeutic effects.

Uses, dangers, precautions & contraindications.
Techniques and application of treatment

Cryotherapy:

66
Definition, methods, physiological & therapeutic effects, dangers, indications and
precautions.

Hydrotherapy:

Physiological principles of hydrotherapy, application of heat & cool, outline of methods

of applying moist heat.
Medium used, contrast bath, paraffin baths, whirlpool baths, techniques, effects, uses,
dangers, contraindications of each.
The use of water as medium of each, the use of water as a medium of movement pool
therapy.
Demonstration of techniques during practical classes, later on techniques practiced by
students on patients attending the department under supervision of trained
physiotherapists.
Immersion baths, full, plain and medicated, partial baths, packs, general local methods of
application.
Hot air, vapors, the car of patients in hydrological department.
Detailed description of indication of hydrotherapy.

REFERENCE BOOKS
Recommended books:

1. Clatyon’s Electrotherapy and Actinotherapty, 10th edition by PM Scott

2. Electrotherapy:Evidence based Practice,11th edition by Shelia Kitchen
3. Michelle H Camron’s Physical Agent in Rehablitation:From research to Practice

Reference Books:

1. Electrotherapy and Electrodiagnosis by S.Lient

2. Applications of Shortwave Diathermy by P.M.Scott
3. Practical Electrotherapy by Savage.

THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE AND TECHNIQUE I

Syllabi and course of reading

The paper Of Therapeutic Exercise and technique 1 comprises General concepts and
techniques

Lectures 200 hrs

Practical/demonstration 100 hrs

Total marks = 200

Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks

67
 Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Viva/practical marks = 100

Total marks = 200

Pass marks =50%

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

Part-1 General Concepts

1. Therapeutic Exercise: Foundational Concepts
 therapeutic exercise: impact on physical function
 process and models of disablement
 patient management and clinical decision making: an
 interactive relationship:
 strategies for effective exercise and task-specific
 instruction:

2. Prevention, Health, and Wellness

 role of physical therapy in healthy people

 Part-11 Types of ROM exercises

 Indications and goals for ROM
 Limitations of ROM exercises
 Precautions and contraindications to ROM exercises
 Principles and procedures for applying ROM
 Techniques


Applied Science of Exercise and Techniques

3. Range of Motion

 Rom techniques
 Self-assisted ROM
 Continuous passive motion
 Rom through functional patterns

68
4. Stretching for Impaired

Mobility

 Definitions of terms related to mobility and stretching

 Properties of soft tissue–response to immobilization and stretch
 Determinants, types, and effects of stretching interventions
 Procedural guidelines for application of stretching interventions
 Precautions for stretching
 Adjuncts to stretching interventions
 Manual stretching techniques in anatomical planes of motion

5. Peripheral Joint

Mobilization

 Definitions of terms; mobilization/manipulation, self-mobilization (auto-

mobilization), mobilization with movement, physiological movements, accessory
movements, thrust, manipulation under anesthesia, muscle energy
 Basic concepts of joint motion: arthrokinematics
 Indications for joint mobilization
 Limitations of joint mobilization techniques contraindications and precautions
 Procedures for applying passive joint mobilization techniques
 Mobilization with movement: principles of application
 Peripheral joint mobilization techniques; Shoulder Girdle Complex, Elbow and
Forearm Complex, Wrist Complex, Hand and Finger Joints, Hip Joint, Knee and
Leg, Ankle and Foot Joints

6. Resistance Exercise for Impaired Muscle Performance

 Muscle performance and resistance exercise–definitions and guiding principles

 Skeletal muscle function and adaptation to resistance exercise
 Determinants of an exercise program
 Exercise program
 Physiological changes that occur with training
 Determinants of resistance exercise
 Types of resistance exercise
 General Principles Of Resistance Training
 Precautions For Resistance Exercise
 Contraindications to resistance exercise
 Manual resistance exercise; definition and use, guidelines and special
considerations, techniques–general background, upper extremity, lower extremity
 Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation–principles and

69
  Techniques
 Diagonal patterns, basic procedures with PNF patterns, upper extremity diagonal
patterns, lower extremity diagonal patterns, specific techniques with PNF
 Mechanical resistance exercise; use in rehabilitation, use in conditioning
programs, special considerations for children and older adults
 Selected resistance training regimens
 Equipment for resistance training

7. Principles of Aerobic Exercise:

 Key terms and concepts

 Fitness, maximum oxygen consumption, endurance, aerobic exercise training
(conditioning), adaptation, myocardial oxygen consumption, deconditioning,
energy systems, energy expenditure, and efficiency, functional implications,
energy expenditure, efficiency
 Physiological response to aerobic exercise
 Testing as a basis for exercise programs
 Application of principles of an aerobic conditioning program for the patient with
coronary disease; inpatient phase (phase i), outpatient phase (phase ii), outpatient
program (phase iii), special considerations, adaptive changes
 Applications of aerobic training for the deconditioned individual and the patient
with chronic illness
 Age differences; children, young adults, older adults

8. Exercise for Impaired Balance

 Background and concepts

 Impaired balance
 Management of impaired balance

9. Aquatic Exercise

 Background and principles for aquatic exercise

 Definition of aquatic exercise
 Goals and indications for aquatic exercise
 Precautions and contraindications to aquatic exercise
 Properties of water
 Aquatic temperature and therapeutic exercise
 Special equipment for aquatic exercise
 Exercise interventions using an aquatic environment stretching exercises
 Strengthening Exercises
 Aerobic Conditioning


REFERENCE BOOKS

70
Theraputics Exercises and Technique:

Recommended books:
1. Therapeutics Exercises and Technique by Carolyn Kisner and Laynn Allen Colby 4th
5th edition

Reference books:

1. Therapeutics Exercises: Techniques for Intervention by Willim D.Banddy

PHARAMACOLOGY
Syllabi and course of reading

Lectures 200 hrs

Practical/demonstration 50 hrs

Total marks = 200

Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Viva/practical marks = 100

Total marks = 200

Pass marks =50%

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

1. General Pharmacology:

 Introduction and Sources of Drugs

 Routes of Drugs administration

71
  Pharmacokinetics
 Pharmacodynamics
 Adverse Drug Reactions and Drug Interactions
 Gene Therapy

2. Autonomic Nervous System:

 Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology

 Cholinergic system
 Anticholinergic Drugs
 Adrenergic Drugs (Sympathomimetics)
 Adrenergic Antagonists

3. Musculoskeletal System:

 Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

 Drugs used in the treatment of Local muscle Spasms
 Drugs used in other Musculoskeletal diseases
 Drugs used in Disorder of Bone, Agents used in Osteoporosis
 Drugs and Exercise

4. Drugs Acting on Kidney:

 Diuretics
 Antidiuretics

5. Cardiovascular System:

 Cardiac glycosides and treatment of Cardiac Failure

 Antiarrhythmic Drugs
 Drugs used in the treatment of Angina Pectoris
 Antihypertensive drugs
 Pharmacotherapy of Shock
 Plasma Expanders

6. Central Nervous System:

 General Anesthetics
 Local Anesthetics
 Sedative hypnotics
 Alcohols
 Antiepileptics
 Drugs used in Parkinsonism
 Opioid analgesics and antagonists
 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
 Drugs used in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Gout

72
  Drugs used in psychiatric disorders-antipsychotics, antidepressants and
antoanxiety agents
 Antidepressants
 CNS stimulants

7. Autocoids:

Histamines and Antohistamines

5-Hydroxytryptamine, ergot alkaloids, angiotensin and kinins
Eicosanoids

8. Respiratory System:

 Drugs used in treatment of Bronchial Asthma

 Drugs used in treatment of Cough

9. Blood:

 Haematinics
 Drugs used in the Disorders of Coagulation
 Hypolipidaemic Drugs

10. Gastrointestinal Tract:

 Drugs used in Peptic Ulcer

 Prokinetic agents
 Emetics and antiemetics
 Drugs for Constipation and Diarrhea

11. Chemotherapy:

 General consideration
 Sulfonamides
 Cotrimoxazole
 Quinolones
 Beta-lactum Antibodies
 Broad spectrum Antibodies
 Aminoglycosides
 Macrolides and other antibacterial agents
 Chemotherapy of Urinary tract Infections
 Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis
 Chemotherapy of Leprosy
 Antifungal agents
 Antiviral agents
 Chemotherapy of Malaria

73
  Antiamoebic drugs
 Drugs used in Leishmaniasis and Trypanosomiasis
 Anthelmintics
 Cancer Chemotherapy
 Immunosuppressants and Immunostimulants
 Vaccines and Antisera

12. Hormones:

 Hypothalamic and Anterior Pituitary Hormones

 Thyroid hormones and Antithyroid drugs
 Insulin and Oral Hypoglycaemics
 Corticosteroids
 Oestrogens, Progestins and oral contraceptives
 Androgens and Anabolic steroids
 Agents affecting bone mineral turnover

REFERENCE BOOKS
Clinical Pharmacology:

Recommended books:
1. Text book for Pharmacology for Physiotherapy by Padmaja Uday Kumar

Molecular Biology & Genetics

Theory/Tutorial/Discussions 110 Hours
Total marks = 100
Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Total marks = 100

Pass marks = 50%

Details of Syllabus

1.Recombinent DNA and Biotechnology

74
2.Molecular biology and medicine
3.Natural defenses against disease
4.Diffential gene expression in development
5.Animal development from genes to organism
6.Development and Evolutionary changes
7.The history of life on earth
8.The mechanisms of evolution
9.Species and their formation
10.Reconstructing and using polygene
11.Molecular and genomic evolution

REFERENCE BOOKS

Life ‘the science of biology’ by Craig Heller

Law & Ethics for Physiotherapy and

Managements for physiotherapists

Theory/Tutorial/Discussions 160 Hours

Total marks = 100
Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Total marks = 100

Pass marks = 50%

Details of Syllabus

Professional Roles & Management

Institutional types/practice environment
Acute Care (short term hospital)
Primary Care
Secondary Care
Tertiary Care
Sub acute Care
Transitional Care
Ambulatory Care (outpatient care)
Skilled Nursing Facility (extended care facility)

75
 Acute Rehabilitation Hospital
Chronic Care Facility
Custodial Care Facility
Hospice Care
Home Health Care
School System
Private Practice
The United State Health Care System
Over View
Health care regulation
Voluntary accreditation
Voluntary accrediting agencies
The accreditation process

Reimbursement/third party payers for healthcare service

Medicare
Medicaid
Worker’s Compensation
Private Health Insurance
Managed Health Care System
Health Saving Accounts Personal Payment and Free Care
Restrucation The Healthcare System
Health Insurance and Portability Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Defensible Documentation
Medical Record
Common Reasons for Payment Denials

Elements of Patient/Client Management

Initial Examination/Evaluation/Diagnosis/Prognosis
Examination
Evaluation
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Plan of care
Intervention
Re-examination
Discharge/Discontinuation of Intervention
Successful Documentation Practices

Departmental/human recourse management

Interview
Job Description
Performance Appraisal

76
 Unions
Policy and Procedure Manual
Staff Motivation
Continuing Education
Meetings
Incident/Occurrence And Sentinel Event Reporting
Healthcare Marketing
Service Management

Budget –Fiscal Management Of Physical Therapy Services

Budget
Expense Budget
Costs
Accounts Payable
Accounts Receivable

Quality Assurance/Quality Improvement

Quality Assurance
Continuous Quality Improvement
Utilization Review (UR)

Professional Standards
Standards

Caregiver definitions/roles
Physical Therapists (PT)
Physical Therapy Director
Physical Therapy Supervisor
Physical Therapists Assistance (PTA)
Physical Therapy Aide
Physical Therapy and Physical Therapists Students
Physical Therapy Volunteer
Home Health Aid
Occupational Therapist
Occupational Therapist Assistance
Speech-Language Pathologist
Certified Orthotist (CO)
Certified Prosthetics (CO)
Respiratory Therapy Technician Certified
Primary Care Physician
Physician’s Assistance (PA)
Physiatrist
Chiropractor (DC)
Registered Nurse (RN)
Rehabilitation Counselor (vocational rehabilitation counselor)
Audiologist

77
 Consultant
Athletic Trainer (ATC)
Social Worker (MSW)
Alternative Support Staff
Team Roles and Principles of Collaboration
Illegal practice and malpractice
Statutory Laws
Goals of Statutory Laws Impacting Physical Therapy
Nondiscrimination Laws
Assuring Patient Safety and Reducing Risk in Health Care Environment
Appendix A: Codes of Ethics
Appendix B: Guide for Professional Conduct
Appendix C: Guide for Conduct of Physical Therapist Assistance
Appendix D: Standards of Practice for Practice for Physical Therapy and Criteria

FOURTH YEAR

Fourth professional examination shall be held at the end of third academic year of
training and shall comprise of following subjects:

1. Medicine
2. Surgery
3. Community medicine
4. Therapeutics II
5. Physiotherapy evaluation and treatment
6. Anesthesia
7. Radiology
8. Electrophysiology and Diagnosis

MEDICINE
Syllabi and course of reading

Lectures/ demonstration/Examinations 250 hrs

Total marks = 200

Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks

78
 Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Viva/practical marks = 100

Total marks = 200

Pass marks =50%

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

Cardiovascular Diseases:
Cardiac Diseases:
Chest pain, Dyspnea, Palpitation, Peripheral edema, Syncope, Cardiac failure, Acute
pulmonary edema, Cardiogenic shock, Systemic hypertension, Ischemic heart disease,
Angina pectoris, Unstable angina, Myocardial infarction, Rheumatic fever, Valvular heart
diseases, Congenital heart diseases, Ventricular septic defect, Atrial septal defect,
pulmonary heart disease, Pericardial disease, Pulmonary hypertension, Cardiac
arrhythmias and heart in pregnancy.
Vascular Diseases:
Arteriosclerosis, Acute & Chronic ischemia of leg, Aortic aneurysm, Buerger’s disease,
Raynaud’s disease, Varicose veins and Venous thrombosis.

Rheumatology and Bone Diseases:

Arthritis:

Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Connective tissue diseases, Arthritis in elderly,

Arthritis in children, Seronegative spondyloarthropathies, Crystals deposition disease,
Arthritis associated with other diseases.

Back Pain:

Back Pain due to serious disease, Inflammatory Back Pain, Disc disease, Mechanical
problems, Soft tissues problems, Psychogenic Back Pain, Nonspecific Back Pain, Neck
pain.

Soft Tissue Rheumatism:

79
Bone diseases:

Paget’s disease, Infections of bones, Neoplastic disease, Skeletal dysplasia, Other

hereditary diseases.

Respiratory Diseases:
Diseases of Upper respiratory tract:
Common cold, Sinusitis, Rhinintis, Pharangitis, Acute laryngeo-trcheobronchitis,
Influenza, Inhalation of the foreign bodies.
Disease of Lower Respiratory tract:
Acute & chronic Bronchitis, Bronchioectasis, Cystic fibrosis, Asthma, Emphysema,
Pneuminias, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary fibrosis, Radiation damage, Common tumors of
the lungs, Respiratory failure, adult distress respiratory syndrome, Disorders of chest wall
and pleura, Chest trauma, Deformities of rib cage, Dry pleurisy, Pleural effusion,
Empyema, Pneumothotax.

Dermatology:
Introduction to disorders and diseases, acne vulgaris, Psoriasis, Boils, Carbuncles,
Alopecia, Myeosis fungoides, Polymorphic light eruptions, Vitilogo, Pityriasis,
Hyperhydrosis.

Diseases of Brain and Spinal Cord:

Common neurological symptoms, Neurological examination, The brain death, Stroke,
types of stroke, Parkinson’s disease, Epilepsy, Multiple Sclerosis, Infective and
Inflammatory diseases, Intracranial tumors, Hydrocephalus, Headache, Migraine, Facial
pain, Head injury, Motor neuron disease, Diseases of spinal cord, Diseases of Cranial
nerves, Peripheral nerve lesions, Diseases of voluntary muscles and of neuromuscular
junction, Sleep, Unconsciousness and Comma.

Renal diseases
Glomerulonephritis, Acute nephritic syndrome, Nephrotic syndrome, urinary tract
infection, Renal hypertension, Uninary tract infection, Renal failure, Benign enlargement
of prostate gland, Prostatic carcinoma.

Diseases of the Blood:

Anaemia, Brief description of types of Anaemia, Brief description of Bleeding and
Coagulation, only Haemophilia and Thrombosis is described in details.

Miscellaneous Diseases:

80
Brief description of Diabetes Mellitus and its complications, detailed description of
Diabetic Neuropathy and Diabetic foot, Steroid induced Myopathy.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
Recommended books

1. Practice of Medicine by Davidson

2. Clinical Medicine by Parveen J Kumar & Michael Clark
3. Short Text book by Medicine by M. Inam Danish

SURGERY

Syllabi and course of reading

Lectures/ demonstration/Examination 270 hrs

Total marks = 200

Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Viva/practical marks = 100

Total marks = 200

Pass marks =50%

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

Orthopedic Surgery:

81
Fractures:

Definition, classification, causes, clinical features, healing of fractures, complications,

principles of general management of;
Fracture of the Upper Extremity
Fracture of the Lower Extremity
Fracture of the vertebral column, thorax and pelvis

Dislocations & Subluxations:

Definition, traumatic dislocation, general description, principles of general description
and management of traumatic dislocation and subluxation.
Shoulder joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Elbow joint
Hip joint
Knee joint

Soft Tissue Injuries:

Introduction, anatomy & physiology, general description and management of injuries of

ligaments, tendons, muscles, fascia and bursae, detailed description of physiotherapy
management of individual tissue injuries around
Shoulder region
Elbow region
Wrist and hand region

Knee region
Ankle region
Muscles and tendons injuries of upper and lower limb
Cervicolumber injuries
Wiplash of the cervical spine
Crush injuries
Spinal pain
Degenerative and Inflammatory Conditions:
Osteo-orthosis, spondylosis, spondylolysis, pyogenic, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis,
juvenile arthritis, tuberculosis arthritis, gouty arthritis, haemophilic arthritis, neuropathic
arthritis, ankyosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis.

General Orthopedic Disorders:

Carpel tunnel syndrome, compartment syndromes, muscular dystrophies, neuropathies,

avascular necrosis of bone in adult and children, ischemic contracture, gangrene, rickets,
osteoporosis and osteomalacia, shoulder pain, neck pain, knee pain, backache, painfull
conditions around elbow and detailed description of othotics, prothatics, splintage,
traction and POP.

82
Tumors:

Classification, principles of general management, general description of benign and

malignent tumors of muskeletal system.

Deformities and Anomilies:

Definition, causes, classification,
Congenital and Acquired deformities
Physical and clinical and radiological features, complications, principles of medical and
surgical management of the deformities, general description of followinf deformities;

Deformities of the spine:

Torticolis, Scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis, flate back

Deformities of the Lower Limb:

CDH, coax vera, coax valga, anteversion, retroversion, genovalgus, genovarum,

genorecurvatum, CDK, talipes calcaneous equines, varus & valgus, talipes
calcaneovarus, talipes calcaneovalgus, talipes equinovarus, pescavus, hallux valgus &
varum, hallux rigidus and hammer toe.

Deformities of Shoulder and Upper limb:

Sprengeal shoulder, cubitus varum, cubitus valgus, Deputryn’s contracture.

GENERAL SURGERY

Introduction , Indications for surgery,

Types of incisions, types of anaesthesia, preoperative assessment & preparation
Post operative treatment, complications and their management
Wounds, types of wounds, factors affecting wounds healing, care of wounds
Bandages and dressing
Trauma and metabolic response to trauma
Detailed description of chest and abdominal trauma
Hemorrhage, hemostasis and blood transfusion
Classification and brief description of shock
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Classification of body fluid changes
Pre, intra and post operative fluid therapy
Surgery and diabetes
Burns and grafts
Neoplasias
Ulcers, sinuses and fistulas
Transplantation

83
Detailed description of operation performed on oesophagus, stomach, intestine gall
bladder, bile duct,spleen, pancreas, liver, abdominal wall, hernias, breast, kidneys,
ureters, prostate, pretonium, mesentery and retropretonial space

Thoracic Surgery

Pulmonary surgery

Introduction, types of incision, types of operation , complications of pulmonary suegery,

drains , tubes, pnemonectomy, lobectomy , thoracoplasty
Operations on pleura
Chest injuries
Brief description of indication for pulmonary surgery i.e
Diseases of chest wall and pleura
Diseases of bronchi
Tumors of lung
Lung abcess
Hydatid disease of lung
Pulmonary embolism
Mediastinal masses
Problems related to diapharm

Cardiac surgery

Introduction,cardiorespiratory resuscitation,special investigation proceduresin cardiac

surgery,basic techniques in cardiac surgery,types of incision,types of
operation,complications of cardiac surgery
Lines,drains and tubes,brief description of indications for cardiac surgery i.e
Congenital heart diseases
Acquired heart diseases
Diseases of the pericardium
Cardiac transplantation

Vascular surgery

Introduction, investigation in vascular disease types of operation, indication for vascular

surgery, complication of vascular surgery
Brief description of arterial occlusion
Gangrene
Detailed description of amputation
Aneurysm
Burgers disease
Raynaud’s disease and syndrome
Varicose veins
Superficial and deep venous thrombosis
Venous hemorrhage

84
Lymph edema
Lymph adenitis and lymphomas

Neurosurgery

Cranial surgery
Introduction,special investigation in brain diseases and traumas
Types of operations, indications and complications of cranial surgery
Head injuries to the brain
Acute intracranial hematomas
Fractures of the skull
Intra cranial abcess
Intracranial tumors
Intra cranial aneurysm and hydrocephlus

Surgery of vertebral column spinal cord and peripheral nerves

Dislocation and management of dislocation of vertebral column

Tumors of vertebral column
Prolapse intervertebral disc
Disc protrusion
Spodylosis and sponylolisthesis
Spinal cord injuries and their management
Tumors of spinal cord types of operations performed on nerves
Nerve injuries and their surgical management
Brief description of lesions of cranial and spinal nerves and their management

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

Recommended books

1. Short practice of surgery by Baily and Love’s

2. Text Book of Surgery by Ijaz Ahsan
3. Out line of Fractures
4. Out line of orthopedics.

COMMUNITY MEDICINE

Syllabi and course of reading

Lectures/ Tutorials 85 hrs

Total marks = 200

Distribution

85
 MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total marks =100

Total marks = 100

Pass marks =50%

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS
Basic definitions
Concept of health and disease
Epidemiology of communicable and non communicable disease
Immunology
Rural health and primary health care
Environment and health
Hospital waste management
Occupational health
Nutrition
Social and behavioral science
Community mental health

THERAPITICS EXESCISES AND TECHNIQUE II

Syllabi and course of reading

The paper Of Therapeutic Exercise and technique 11 comprises. Principles of

Intervention of Therapeutic exercises and technique

Lectures 200 hrs

Practical/demonstration 100 hrs

Total marks = 200

Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks

86
 Total theory marks =100

Viva/practical marks = 100

Total marks = 200

Pass marks =50%

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

Principles of Intervention

Soft Tissue Injury, Repair, and Management

 Soft tissue lesions
 Management during the acute stage
 Management during the sub acute
 Management during the chronic stage
 Cumulative trauma–chronic recurring pain
 Independent learning activities
Joint, Connective Tissue, and Bone Disorders and Management
 Arthritis–arthrosis
 Fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome
 Osteoporosis
 Fractures–post-traumatic immobilization

Surgical Interventions and Postoperative Management

 Indications for surgical intervention
 Guidelines for preoperative and
 Postoperative management; considerations for preoperative management,
considerations for postoperative management, potential postoperative
complications
 Overview of common orthopedic surgeries and postoperative management;
surgical approaches–open, arthroscopic, and arthroscopically assisted procedures,
use of tissue grafts, repair, reattachment, reconstruction, stabilization, or transfer
of soft tissues, release, lengthening, or decompression of
 Soft tissues

Peripheral Nerve Disorders and Management

 Review of peripheral nerve structure; nerve structure, nervous system mobility

characteristics, common sites of injury to peripheral nerves

87
  Impaired nerve function
 Nerve injury and recovery
 Neural tension disorders and their managements
 Musculoskeletal diagnoses involving impaired
 Nerve function thoracic outlet syndrome
 Carpal tunnel syndrome
 Compression in tunnel of
 Complex regional pain syndrome: reflex sympathetic
 Dystrophy and causalgia
 Independent learning activities

Part-11

Exercise Interventions by Body Region

The Spine and Posture: Structure, Function, Postural Impairments, and
Management Guidelines

 Posture and biomechanical influences

 Alignment
 Stability
 Impaired posture
 Etiology of pain
 Common faulty postures: characteristics and
 Impairments
 Management of impaired posture
 General management guidelines
 Tension headache/cervical headache

The Spine: Impairments, Diagnoses, and Management Guidelines

 Review of the structure and function of the spine

 Spinal pathologies and impaired spinal function
 Pathology of the intervertebral disk
 Pathomechanical relationships of the intervertebral disk and facet joints
 Pathology of the zygapophyseal (facet)
 Pathology of muscle and soft tissue injuries: strains, tears, and contusions
 Pathomechanics of spinal instability
 Management guidelines based on impairments
 Principles of management for the
 Management guidelines–non-weight-bearing bias
 Management guidelines–extension

88
  Management guidelines–flexion bias
 Management guidelines–stabilization
 Management guidelines–mobilization
 Management guidelines–soft tissue injuries
 Management Guidelines–Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction

The Spine: Exercise Interventions

Basic concepts of spinal management with exercise

Fundamental interventions
Patient education
General exercise guidelines
Kinesthetic awareness
Elements of kinesthetic training–fundamental techniques
Progression to active and habitual control of
Posture
Mobility/flexibility
Cervical and upper thoracic
Region–stretching techniques
Mid and lower thoracic and lumbar
Regions–stretching techniques
Muscle performance: stabilization, muscle endurance, and strength training
Stabilization training–fundamental techniques and
Progressions
Isometric and dynamic exercises
Cardiopulmonary endurance
Common aerobic exercises and effects on the spine
Functional activities
Early functional training–fundamental techniques
Preparation for functional activities–basic exercise
Techniques
Body mechanics and environmental adaptations
Intermediate to advanced exercise techniques for
Functional training
Education for prevention

The Shoulder and Shoulder Girdle

Structure and function of the shoulder

Girdle
Joints of the shoulder girdle complex
Shoulder girdle function
Referred pain and nerve injury
Management of shoulder disorders and surgeries
Joint hypomobility: nonoperative management
Glenohumeral joint surgery and postoperative management

89
Painful shoulder syndromes (rotator cuff disease, impingement syndromes, shoulder
instabilities):
Nonoperative management
Painful shoulder syndromes: surgery and postoperative management
Shoulder dislocations: nonoperative management
Shoulder instabilities: surgery and postoperative management
Exercise interventions for the shoulder
Girdle Exercise Techniques During Acute And Early Subacute
Stages of tissue healing
Exercise techniques to increase flexibility and range of motion
Exercises to develop and improve muscle performance and functional control

The Elbow and Forearm

Complex
Structure and function of the elbow and forearm
Joints of the elbow and forearm
Muscle function at the elbow and forearm
Referred pain and nerve injury in the elbowregion
Management of elbow and forearm disorders and surgeries
Joint hypomobility: nonoperative management
Joint surgery and postoperative management
Myositis ossificans
Overuse syndromes: repetitive trauma syndromes
Exercise interventions for the elbow and
Forearm
Exercise techniques to increase flexibility and range of
Motion
Exercises to develop and improve muscle performance
And functional

The Wrist and Hand

Structure and function of the wrist and
Hand
Joints of the wrist and hand
Hand
Major nerves subject to pressure and trauma at the
Wrist and hand
Management of wrist and hand disorders
And surgeries
Joint hypomobility: nonoperative management
Joint surgery and postoperative
Repetitive trauma syndromes/overuse
Traumatic lesions in the wrist and hand
Exercise interventions for the wrist and

90
Hand
Techniques for musculotendinous mobility
Exercise techniques to increase flexibility and range
Of motion
Exercises to develop and improve muscle
Performance, neuromuscular control, and coordinate

The Hip
Structure and function of the hip
Anatomical characteristics of the hip region
Functional relationships of the hips and
The hip and gait
Referred pain and nerve injury
Management of hip disorders and surgeries
Joint hypomobility: nonoperative management
Joint surgery and postoperative management
Fractures of the hip–surgical and postoperative management
Painful hip syndromes/overuse syndromes: nonoperative
Exercise interventions for the hip region
Exercise techniques to increase flexibility and range of motion
Exercises to develop and improve muscle performance and functional control

The Knee

Structure and function of the knee 688

Joints of the knee complex
Patellar function
Muscle function
The knee and
Referred pain and nerve injuries
Management of knee disorders and surgeries
Joint hypomobility: nonoperative management
Joint surgery and postoperative management
Patellofemoral dysfunction: nonoperative management
Patellofemoral and extensor mechanism dysfunction:
Surgical and postoperative management
Ligament injuries: nonoperative management
Ligament injuries: surgical and postoperative
Management
Meniscal tears: nonoperative management
Meniscal tears: surgical and postoperative
Exercise interventions for the knee
Exercise techniques to increase flexibility and range of motion
Exercises to develop and improve muscle performance and functional control

91
The Ankle and Foot

Structure and function of the ankle and foot

Structural relationships and motions
Function of the ankle and foot
The ankle/foot complex and gait
Referred pain and nerve injury
Management of foot and ankle disorders and surgeries
Joint hypomobility: nonoperative management
Joint surgery and postoperative management
Overuse (repetitive trauma) syndromes: nonoperative management
Ligamentous injuries: nonoperative management
Traumatic soft tissue injuries: surgical and postoperative management
Exercise interventions for the ankle and foot
Exercise techniques to increase flexibility and range of motion
Exercises to develop and improve muscle performance and functional control

Part-111
Special Areas of Therapeutic Exercise

Women’s Health: Obstetrics and Pelvic Floor

Overview of pregnancy, labor, and related conditions
Characteristics of pregnancy and labor
Anatomical and physiological changes of pregnancy
Overview of pelvic floor anatomy, function and dysfunction
Pregnancy-induced
Exercise interventions for pregnancy, labor, and related conditions physiological effects
of aerobic exercise during pregnancy
Exercise for the uncomplicated pregnancy and postpartum
Cesarean childbirth
High-risk pregnancy

Management of Vascular Disorders of the Extremities

Disorders of the arterial system
Disorders of the venous system
Disorders of the lymphatic system
Breast cancer-related lymphatic
Exercises for the management of lymphedema

Management of Pulmonary Conditions

92
Review of respiratory structure and function
Thorax and chest wall: structure and function
Muscles of ventilation
Mechanics of ventilation
Anatomy and function of the respiratory tracts
The lungs and pleurae
Lung volumes and capacities
Examination
Breathing exercises and ventilatory
Exercises to mobilize the chest
Coughing
Postural drainage
Management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Management of patients with restrictive pulmonary
Disorders

Reference Books
Recommended books:

1. Therapeutics Exercises and Technique by Carolyn Kisner and Laynn Allen Colby 4th
5th edition

Reference books:

1. Therapeutics Exercises: Techniques for Intervention by Willim D.Banddy

PHYSIOTHERAPY EVALUTATION & TREATMENT

Syllabi and course of reading

The paper of Physiotherapy Evaluation and Treatment covers the following topics
Physical Assessment
Physiotherapy Treatment in Orthopedic disorders

Lectures/demonstration 240 hrs

Examination/Assessment/Discussion 115 hrs
Total marks = 200
Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks

93
 Total theory marks =100

Viva/practical marks = 100

Total marks = 200

Pass marks =50%

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

Physical Assessment

Principles and Concepts

Patient history

Observation

Examination

Principle
Vital science

Scanning examination
Examination of specific joints
Functional assessment
Special (diagnostic) test
Reflexes and cutaneous distribution
Joint play movements
Palpation
Diagnostic imaging
Case studies

Conclusion

Head and Face

Applied anatomy

Patient history

Observation

Examination

94
Examination of the head
Examination of the face
Examination of the eye
Examination of the nose
Examination of the teeth
Examination of the ear
Special tests
Reflexes and cutaneous distribution
Joint play movements
Palpations
Diagnostic imaging

Cervical spine
Applied anatomy

Patient history

Observation

Examination

Active movements
Passive movements
Resisted isometric movements
Scanning examination
Functional assessment
Special test
Reflexes and cutaneous distribution
Joint play movements
Palpations
Diagnostic imaging

Temporomendibular joint
Applied anatomy

Patient history

Observation

Examination

Active movements
Passive movements

95
Resisted isometric movements
Functional assessment
Special test
Reflexes and cutaneous distribution
Joint play movements
Palpations
Diagnostic imaging
Joint assessment

Shoulder
Applied anatomy

Patient history

Observation

Examination

Active movements
Passive movements
Resisted isometric movements
Functional assessment
Special test
Reflexes and cutaneous distribution
Joint play movements
Palpations
Diagnostic imaging

Elbow
Applied anatomy

Patient history

Observation

Examination

Active movements
Passive movements
Resisted isometric movements
Functional assessment
Special test
Reflexes and cutaneous distribution

96
Joint play movements
Palpations
Diagnostic imaging

Forearm, Wrist and Hand

Applied anatomy

Patient history

Observation

Common hand and finger deformity

Physical findings

Examination

Active movements
Passive movements
Resisted isometric movements
Functional assessment
Special test
Reflexes and cutaneous distribution
Joint play movements
Palpations
Diagnostic imaging

Thoracic (dorsal) spine

Applied anatomy

Patient history

Observation

Kyphosis
Scoliosis
Breathing
Chest deformities

Examination

Active movements
Passive movements
Resisted isometric movements
Functional assessment

97
Special test
Reflexes and cutaneous distribution
Joint play movements
Palpations
Diagnostic imaging

Lumber spine
Applied anatomy

Patient history

Observation

Examination

Active movements
Passive movements
Resisted isometric movements
Peripheral joints scanning examination
Mayotomes
Functional assessment
Special test
Reflexes and cutaneous distribution

Joint play movements

Palpations
Diagnostic imaging

Pelvis
Applied anatomy

Patient history

Observation

Examination

Active movements
Passive movements
Resisted isometric movements
Functional assessment
Special test
Reflexes and cutaneous distribution
Joint play movements

98
Palpations
Diagnostic imaging

Hip
Applied anatomy

Patient history

Observation

Examination

Active movements
Passive movements
Resisted isometric movements
Functional assessment
Special test
Reflexes and cutaneous distribution
Joint play movements
Palpations
Diagnostic imaging
Knee

Applied anatomy

Patient history

Observation

Examination

Active movements
Passive movements
Resisted isometric movements
Functional assessment
Ligament stability
Special test
Reflexes and cutaneous distribution
Joint play movements
Palpations
Diagnostic imaging

Lower leg ankle and foot

99
Applied anatomy

Hind foot (rear foot)

Mid foot (mid tarsal joint)
Fore foot

Patient history

Observation

Examination

Active movements
Passive movements
Resisted isometric movements
Functional assessment
Special test
Reflexes and cutaneous distribution
Joint play movements
Palpations
Diagnostic imaging

Assessment of gait
Definitions

Gait cycle
Stance phase
Swing phase
Double leg stance
Single leg stance

Normal parameters of gait

Base (step) width

Step length
Stried length
Lateral pelvic shift(pelvic list)
Vertical pelvic shift
Pelvic rotation
Center of gravity
Normal cadence

Normal pattern of gait

Stance phase

100
Swing phase
Joint motion during normal gait

Overview and patient history

Observation

Examination

Compensatory mechanism

Abnormal gait

Antalgic (painful) gait

Arthrogenic (stiff hip or knee) gait
Ataxic gait
Contracture gaits
Equinus gait (toe walking)
Gluteus maximus gait
Gluteus medius(trendelenburg’s) gait
Hemiplegic or hemiparetic gait
Parkinsonian gait
Planter flexor gait
Psoatic limp
Quadriceps avoidance gait
Scissors gait
Short leg gait
Steppage or drop foot gait

Assessment of posture
Postural development

Factor affecting posture

Causes of poor posture

Common spinal deformatis

Lordosis
Kyphosis
Scoliosis

Patient history

Observation

101
Standing
Forward flextion
Sitting
Supine lying
Prone lying

Examination

Assessment of the amputee

Levels of amputation

Patient history

Observation

Examination

Measurements related to amputation

Active monements
Passive movements
Resisted isometric movements
Functional assessment
Sensation testing
Psychological testing
Palpation
Diagnostic imaging
Primary care assessment
Objective of evaluation

Primary care history

Examination

Vital signs
Genral medical problems
Head and face
Neurological examination and convulsive disorders (head injury)
Musculoskeletal examination
Cardiovascular examination
Polmunary examination
Gastrointestinal examination
Urogenital examination
Dermatological examination
Examination for heat (hyperthermic) disorders

102
Examination for cold (hypothermic) disorders

Laboratory test

Diagnostic imaging

Physical fitness profile (functional assessment)

Power

Emergency sports assessments

Pre-event preparation

Primary assessment

Level of consciousness
Establishing the air way
Establishing circulation
Assessment for bleeding, fluid loss, and shock
Pupil check
Assessment for spinal cord injury
Assessment for head injury (neural watch)
Assessment for heat injury
Assessment for movement
Positioning the patient
Injury sevierty
Secondary assessment

Physical Therapy Treatment

Fracture and dislocation

Fractures

Definition
Classification
Causes
Clinical features
Healing of fractures
Complication
Principles of management
Physiotherapy management of
Fractures of upper extremity
Fractures of lower extremity

103
 Fractures of vertebral column ,thorax and pelvis

Dislocations and subluxations

Definition
Traumatic dislocation
Physiotherapy management of traumatic dislocations and subluxations
Shoulder joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Elbow joint
Hip joint
Knee joint
Ankle joint

Soft tissue injuries

Introduction
Anatomy and physiology
Management of in juries
Ligamentous
Tendonous
Muscular
Fascial
Bursal

Physiotherapy management of individual soft tissue injuries around

Shoulder joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Elbow joint
Hip joint
Knee joint
Ankle joint

Muscle and tendon injuries of upper and lower limbs

Cervical and lumber injuries

Whiplash of cervical injuries
Spinal pain

Deformities

Definition
Causes
Pathological changes
Principles of management

104
Physiotherapy management of deformities in
Upper limb
Lower limb
Vertebral column

Degenerative arthropathies

Introduction
Osteoarthritis
Spondylosis
Spondylolisthesis
Joint surgery
Physiotherapy treatment of joint surgery
Pre-operative
Post-operative

Inflammatory arthropathies

Anklylosing spondylitis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Juvenile chronic arthritis
Reiters disease
Psoriatic arthritis
Physiotherapy treatment and planning of all

Metabolic arthropathies

Introduction
General description
Principles of general management
Principles of physiotherapy management
Gout or crystal arthritis
Connective tissue infective arthritis
Hemophilic arthritis
Neuropathies and mayopathies
Prolapse intervertebral disc
Entrapement neuropathies
Thorasic outlet syndrome
Bells palsy
Diabetic neuropathies
Steroids introduce myopathies

Diseases of muscles

Atrophy
Muscular dystrophies

105
Hypertrophies
Diseases of neuromuscular junction

REFERENCE BOOKS:

Physiotherapy Treatment 1&11:

Recommended Books
1. Hertling, D, and Kessler RM, Management of Common Musculoskeletle Disorder:
Physical Therapy Principles and Methods. 3rd ed. Philadelphia.PA: WB Sunders 1995
2. Magee, D.Orthopedic Physical Assessment.4th ed. Phildelphia PA: WB Sunders 1995
3. “Physical Rehablitations Assessments and Treatment”. By Susan B,O’Sullivan
&Thomas J. Schmitz , 4th edition
4. Tidy’s Physiotherapy by Thomas A Skinner & Piercy

Reference Books:
1. Cash’s Textbook of orthopeadic and rheumatology for phsiotherapists by patrica A.
Downie
2. Cashs Text book of Neurology physiotherapist by patrica A. Downie
3. Cash’s Text book of General Medical & Surgical Condition for Physiotherapists by
Patrica A. Downie
4. Cash’s Textbook of chest , heart and vascular condition for physiotherapist by Patrica
A. Downie
5. Shumway Cook A, Woollacoddm.motor control theory and practical application
,second ed. Lippincot /William and wilkin’s 2001
6. Teclin, J Stephen , Pediatric Physical Therapy. 3rd edition. Lippincott-william &
wilkins, 1998
7. Suzann K. Campbell, Robert J,. Palisano, Darl W. Vander Linden, Physical Therapy
for Children .3dr , Elsevier Health Science, 2005
8. Guccione AA, Geriatric Physical Therapy, 2nd edition ,Mosby, 2000
9. Brannon, Foley et al. Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation: Basic Theory and Application
.3rd edition , F.A.Davis 1998
10. Physiotherapy in obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2nd Edition by Jill Mantle, Jeanette
Haslam & Others
11. Essential of Prthopedric gor physiotherapists by John Ebnezer
12. Sports Medicine Secrects, 2nd Edition by Morris B.Mellion ,MD.
13. Textbook of Cervical Spondylosis by P.S Ramani
14. Interloking Nailing, 2nd edition by DD Tanna
15. Orthopesic clinical Examination:An evidence based Approach for Physiotherapists
by Joshua Cliland

ANAESTHESIA & INTENSIVE CARE

106
The course of Anesthesia & Intensive care shall extend over a period of one academic
year and there will be departmental evaluation at the end of completion of the course
Lectures/Demonstrations = 80

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

Application of scientific principles to clinical practice

1. the physiology of sleep

2.hypnotics,sedatives and anti emetics
3.inhelational and intravenous anesthesia
4.the physiology of pain
5.artifial ventilation of the lungs

General Anesthesia

2.pre-operative preparation
3.post-operative recovery and oxygen therapy
4.monitering
5.complication of general anesthesia
6.anaesthesia and respiratory disease
7.anaesthesia and cardiac disease

Local Anesthesia

1.brief description of local anaesthesia

2.brief description of anaesthetic drugs and their mode of action
3.general description .toxicity,and complications of local anaesthesia
4.sub-arachnoid and extradural anaesthesia
5.technique of plexus and peripheral nerve blocks

Acute and chronic pain

1.assessment of pain
2.psychological factors in acute and chronic pain
3.post-operative pain
4.common conditions in pain clinics and their management
5.cancer pain and its management
6.accupuncture,TENS,hypnotics and behavioral therapy

Intensive care

1.principles of intensive care

2.respiratory ,cardiovascular and renal failure
3.head injury

107
4.burned patient
brief description of drugs used in ITU

RADIOLOGY

The course of Radiology shall extend over a period of one academic year and there will
be departmental evaluation at the end of completion of the course
Lectures/Demonstrations = 80

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

Introduction and brief description of technique of radiology

Bones and joint

1.Introduction to skeletal radiology and bone growth

2.traumatic lesions of bones and joints
3.diseases of joints
4.bone tumors and related conditions
5.infection and inflammation of bones and joints

Chest and cardiovascular system

1.normal chest ,methods of investigations

2.the mediastinum
3.the pleura, collapse and consolidation
4.tumors of lungs
5.inflammatory disease of lungs
6.chronic bronchitis and emphysema
7.chest trauma
8.the normal heart ,methods of investigation
9.the pericardium
10.pulmonary circulation
11.arteriography and therapeutic angiography
12.phelography

central nervous system

1.anatomy,physiology and methods of examination

2.the normal skull
3.neuro-radiology of skull
4.angiography in neuro radiology

ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY

108
The course of electrophysiology shall extend over a period of one academic year and
there will be departmental evaluation at the end of completion of the course
Lectures/Demonstrations = 80

Details of Syllabus

Section 1

Neurophysiologic Basis for application of therapeutic Electricity

Principles of neuromuscular excitation

 Properties of electrically excitable cells

 Nerve and muscle excitation induced by externally applied stimulation
 Excitation of Alpha motor neurons
Principles of nociception

 Clinical definition of pain

 Afferent input and dorsal horn cells of the spinal cord
 Spinal cord pathways to higher centers
 The application of electrical stimulation for pain relief

ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRIC

CURRENT
Section 1

Nerve Conduction Study

Part 1
 Introduction
 Techniques: General Consideration
 Technical Procedure
 Temperature effects on nerve conduction velocities and latencies
Part 11
 Cranial Nerves
 Trigeminal nerves
Part 111

Upper Extremity
 Median Nerve
Detailed description of median nerve sensory and motor conduction study
 Ulnar Nerve
Detailed description of ulnar nerve sensory and motor conduction study
 Radial Nerve

109
 Detailed description of radialr nerve sensory and motor conduction study
Part 1V

Lower Extremity
 Common Peroneal Nerve
Detailed description of Commom Peroneal nerve sensory and motor
conduction study
 Tibial Nerve
Detailed description of Tibial nerve sensory and motor conduction study
 Sural Nerve
Detailed description of Sural nerve sensory and motor conduction study
 Lateral,Posterior,Medial Cutaneous Nerve Studies
Part V
Proximal Nerve Conduction Studies in Upper extremity and Cervical Plexus
Part VI
Short Segmental Incremental Study
Part VII
Reflex and Long Latency
Part VIII
Motor Nerve Conduction Studies in Premature Infants, Infants, and Children
Part IX
Repetitive Stimulation

Section 11

ELECTROMYOGRAPHY

Part 1
Introduction
Part II
Segmental Innervations of Muscles
Part III
Electromyography of Different Segments of the body

 The hand (All muscles of the hand)

 The forearm(All muscles of the hand)
 The Arm(All muscles of the hand)
 The Shoulder(All muscles of the hand)
 The Foot(All muscles of the hand)
 The leg(All muscles of the hand)
 The anterior thigh(All muscles of the hand)
 The buttock and Posterior thigh(All muscles of the hand)
 The trunk and pelvis(All muscles of the hand)
 The Head and Neck(All muscles of the hand)

110
 FINAL YEAR
Fifth academic year of training and shall comprise of following subjects:

1. Physiotherapy in geriatrics
2. Physiotherapy in pediatrics & Gynecology/Obstratics
3. Physiotherapy in neurology
4. Evidence based physiotherapy
5. Physiotherapy in chest and cardio vascular disorder
6. Research methodology and Report writing
7. Manual Therapy
8. Differential Diagnosis and Clinical decision making

Evidence Based Physiotherapy

Syllabi and course of reading

Lectures/Tutorials 220 hrs

Total marks = 100

Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total marks =100

Pass marks =50%

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

Part-1

Principle based physical therapy:

Evidence based physical therapy practice:

Introduction, general characteristics of desirable evidence, forms of evidence, hieraries of

evidence, evidence based physical therapy practice.

111
Quest to evidence:

Introduction, formulating clinical questions, searching for evidence, electronic data based
for evidence based physical therapy practice.

Part-11

Elements of evidence:
Questions, theories & hypothesis:

Introduction, background, theories, concepts, constructs and hypothesis.

Research Design:

Introduction, general features of research design and research design for questions about
diagnosis, measurements, prognosis, interventions and outcomes.

Research Subjects:

Introduction, subject identification, selection and managements within the studies.

Variables and their measurements:

Introduction, variables, measurements and its reliability and validity.

Research Validity:

Introduction, research validity, threats to research validity of intervention studies,

diagnosis, prognosis and outcomes studies, solutions to research validity threats.

Unrevealing Statistical Mysteries:

Introduction, descriptive, parametric and non-parametric statistic, tests of differences and
relationships and importance and statistic importance.

Part-111

Appraising the Evidence:

Appraising the Evidence about Diagnostic tests:

Brief description of Appraising the Evidence about diagnostic test, Appraising the
Evidence about prognosis,

Appraising the Evidence about Interventions:

112
Introduction, brief description of Appraising the Evidence about interventions.

Appraising the Evidence about Outcomes:

Introduction, outcome research and detailed description of Appraising the Evidence about
outcomes.

Appraising Systematic reviews and Practice Guidelines:

Introduction, systematic reviews, study credibility and clinical practice guidelines.

Part-1V

Evidence in Practice:
Patient oblique Client preferences and Values:

Introduction, patient-centered care preferences, preferences, expectancies and values

Physiotherapy in Geriatrics
Lectures/Tutorials 160 hrs

Total marks = 150

Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Viva/practical marks = 50

Total marks = 150

Pass marks = 50%

DETAILS OF SYALLBUS

Foundation of geriatric physical therapy

113
Implication of an aging population for rehabilitation
Communication, values and quality of life
Physiological changes associated with aging
Arthrokinesiological consideration in aged adult
Sensorimotor changes and adaptation in older adults

Principles and concepts of assessment

Health status: A conceptual framework and terminology for examination, evaluation and
diagnosis
Functional assessment of elderly
Environmental design that is accommodating sensory changes in elderly
Cognitive impairment
Depression and function in elderly
Clinical evaluation of medical patient
Geriatric pharmacology

Problems and Procedures:

Functional training
Impaired ventilation and respiration in the older adult
Endurance training of older adult
Muscle fatigue and impaired muscle endurance older adult
Posture in older adult
Balance and falls in elderly
Ambulation: A framework of practice applied to functional outcome
Lower extremity orthotics in geriatric rehabilitation
Lower limb prosthetic requirements in older adult
Urinary incontinence and impairment in pelvic floor in older adult
Conservative pain management for the older patients
Chronic dermal wound in older adult
Patient education

Programs for particular populations:

The frail and institutionalized elder:

Introduction, Profiles of residents in long term care, Physical therapy examination ad

interventions

Well Elderly:

Introduction, Need of exercise in well elderly population, Physical therapy Examination

and intervention, Activities of daily living and posture training

Older athletes:

114
Introduction, Defining the population, Musculoskeletal problems and programmatic
considerations

Older Persons with Developmental Disability:

Introduction, Developmental disability, Motor function and functional disability, Gait,

balance and locomotion, Programs, Planning and Implementation

Social Contexts of Geriatric Care:

Brief description of ethical and legal issues in geriatric physical therapy

Physiotherapy in Pediatrics & Gynecology/ Obstetrics

Syllabi and course of reading

The paper of Pediatrics & Gynecology/ Obstetrics contains the following subjects

Physiotherapy in Pediatrics
Lectures/Tutorials 100 hrs

Physiotherapy in Gynecology/ Obstetrics

Lectures/Tutorials 60 hrs

Total marks = 150

Theory marks = 100
Physiotherapy in Pediatrics = 50 marks Distribution
Physiotherapy in Gynecology = 50 marks MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Viva/practical marks = 50

Total marks = 150

Pass marks =50%

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

Physiotherapy in Pediatrics

115
Normal motor movements:

Development of movements
Plane of movements and postural alignment
Reflexes and their relationship to the development of movements

Tests of Infants and Child developments:

Purpose of developmental tests

Basic methods of assessments and Guidelines for selection of tests
Comprehensive developmental scales
Tests of motor function

High Risk Infants:

Neonatal orthopedic problems
Neonatal developmental problems
Developmental interventions
Therapeutic positioning
Feedings
Parent education
Staff training

Physical Therapy for Child for Cerebral Palsy:

assessment of movements, Rightening reflexes, Musculoskeletal assessment, Evaluation

of gait, fine motor skills, Speech and Language, Establish goal for treatment and
therapeutic intervention, Orthosis, Lower extremity orthosis, Guidance for Home
programs.

Spina Bifida:

Management of neonates with spina bifida, Postoperative physiotherapy with spina

bifida, Development difficulties, General principles for orthotics and gait training and
Wheelchair mobility.

Pulmonary Disorders an Infants and Children and their physical managements:

Introduction, Predisposition to respiratory failure, Assessment and physical treatment of

child with respiratory disorders that is Atelectasis, Respiratory muscles weakness,
Asthma, Cystic fibrosis.

Orthopedic Disorders in Children and their Physiotherapy Managements:

116
Congenital hip dislocation, Orthrogryposis multiplex congenital, Osteogenesis
Imperfecta, Legg-calve-perthes disease, Slipped capital femoral epiphysis, Leg length
discrepancy, Scoliosis, Fracture in childhood, Tibia Vara.

Juvenile Arthritis:

Types, Medical management, Musculoskeletal problems and physical managements

strategies.

Physiotherapy with Child with Mental Retardation:

Definition, Description, Incidence, Classification, Physiotherapy assessment and

treatment of mentally retarded children.

Physiotherapy for Child with Myopathy and related Disorders:

Detailed description of Duchenne’s Muscular dystrophy and other muscular disorders.

Adaptive Equipments for Handicapped Children:

Role of adaptive equipments, Selection and precautions when using adaptive equipments,
Commonly used Equipments and activities of daily living.

Physiotherapy in Gynecology/ Obstetrics

Normal anatomical and physiological changes during pregnancy

Ante natal

 Introduction to medical problem

 General description of mental and physical stresses related to labour

Train the students to teach mother about;

 Body position and movements to be able to interpret sensory signals

 Gaining of self control during labour, utilizing position, breathing, relaxation
and simple exercises to make her able to cooperate with staff looking after her.

Participate fully in preparation classes for;

 Education about labor

 Normalizing the pregnancy and labor

117
  Familiarity with current exercises trends and technique and being able to advice
problem arising due to physical stress superimposed upon alternation in body
mechanics due to pregnancy

Post natal

 Brief description of normal and surgical procedure of surgery

 In diction for surgical intervention
 Pre and post operative management

Common complication;

 Stress in continence and pain full per come

 Laxity of abdominal wall
 Persistent backache
 Breast abscess

Develop exercise plan to;

 Restore neuromuscular and musculoskeletal function

 Prevent venous status
 Educate the mother to use her body in the way to minimize the strain
 Prevent diastesis recti

General understanding of long and short term cases with pathology, with clinical
procedure. Surgical procedure;

 Total hysterectomy
 TAH vaginal complication like PID
 Prolapse
 Implants are rings
 Pre and post operative physiotherapy

IMPORTANT NOTE…THE PAPER OF PHYSIOTHERAPY IN

PEADIATRICS AND & PHYSIOTHERAPY IN GYNECOLOGY &

OBSTETRICS WILL BE ON SAME DAY.QUESTION PAPERS WILL BE

SEPARATE.THE DURATION OF EACH PAPER WILL BE ONE HOUR AND

THIRTY MINUTES

118
 Physiotherapy in Neurology
Syllabi and course of reading

Lectures/Tutorials 220 hrs

Total marks = 200

Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Viva/practical marks = 100

Total marks = 200

Pass marks =50%

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

Neurology
 Neurological history and system review
 Test and measure to assess the following
Aerobic capacity and endurance
Anthropometric characteristics
Arousal, attention and cognition
Circulation cranial nerve integrity
Peripheral nerve integrity
Functional performance including
Functional mobility skills
Activities of daily living (BADLS and IADLS)
Environmental assessment (home/work/school)
Assistive and adaptive requirements/devices
Orthotic and prosthetic requirements/devise
Joint integrity and mobility
Integumentary integrity
Neuromuscular development
Range of motion
Sensory integrity
Motor function including
Voluntary vs. stereotypical movement
Reflex integrity

119
 Tone
Posture
Coordination
Gait
Balance
Muscle performance
Strength
Power
Endurance
Pain
Work/community/leisure integration or reintegration
 Theoretical and evidence based rational behind the above mentioned test and
measures
 Synthesis examination data to complete a physical therapy evaluation
Identify patient/client impairments, functional limitations, disabilities and assets.
Identify patient/client problem for which physical therapy is indicated
Identify patient/client problem that require consultation and referral to other
healthcare professional
 Using real client demonstrations actual clinical cases, and hypothetical
clinical cases design an appropriate physical therapy plan of care to maximize
functional outcomes for patient /client with musculoskeletal, neuromuscular,
cardiopulmonary, and integrumantary impairments .
Determine physical therapy diagnosis
Determine physical therapy prognosis
Based on an understanding of the patient/clients and family/caregiver’s emotional,
cognitive, cultural, educational, medical and physical status and needs and in
collaborations with other health care professionals
Design realistic, patient/client focused on long term and short term goals that
address impairments and functional limitations
Design patient client focused outcomes that maximize functional abilities,
prevent disability, and optimize health status patient/family satisfaction
Compare and contrast different interventions and select the most effective ones
based on:
Analysis on constraints of the environments, the task and the patient/client
Analysis of achieving projected goals and out comes
Analysis of legal and ethical practice standard
Analysis of practice environment
Monitor and adjust the plan care in response to projected goals and outcomes and
changes in patient/client status
 Exam the different type of intervention that physical therapist provide
coordination/communication/documentations, patients/client/family/caregiver
related instructions and procedural intervention
 Discuss component of case management including:
Communication between health care team members, including
patients/client/family/caregiver

120
 Coordination or care delegation and supervision of appropriate aspects of treatment
to supportive personal
Discharge planning, including:
Home/environmental adaptation
Follow up care
Referral to community resources
Adaptive and assistive requirements
 Discuss the importance of patient/Clint and family/caregiver education
 Design and implement effective patient and family/caregiver related
instructions responsive to the educational needs, cultural backgrounds,
emotional status, socioeconomic status, congestive status and learning style
of the individual.
 Compose effective documentation to support the delivery of physical therapy
services
 Demonstrate an understanding of the theoretical and evidence based rational
for utilizing the following direct interventions
Therapeutic exercise, including:
Gait training and locomotion training
Aerobic conditioning
Balance training
Motor control and motor learning training
Task oriented/motor learning strategies
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
Neurodevelopment activities training
Rang of motion
Stretching
Neuromuscular education/re-education
Strength training
Functional training in self care, home management, work, community
and leisure activities including:
Bed mobility training
Transfer training
Toileting
Bathing
Dressing
Grooming
Eating
Adaptive and assistive equipment use and training
Injury prevention and reeducation
Barrier modification
Orthoic use and training
Prosthetic use and training
Manual therapy
Prescription, application and fabrication of devices including:
Assistive devices
 Adaptive devices

121
  Orthotics
 Prosthetics
 Supportive devices
Integumentary protection
Electrotherapeutics modalities
Physical agent

Safely and effectively perform the above mentioned physical therapy direct
intervention

While performing the above mentioned direct interventions students will:

 Preparation treatment area properly
 Provide appropriate instruction and assistants
 Practices in a safe manner that minimize the risk to self and others
Demonstrate the abilities to evaluate the response to intervention and modify
accordingly including:
 Monitoring of vital science
 Warning sign of activity/exercise intolerance.
Evaluate peer performance of test and measure and direct intervention
Exhibit understanding of pathology of the following disorders
 Circulatory disorders
 Inflammatory disease
 Congenital malformation
 Demyelinating disease
 Neoplastic
 Trauma
 Metabolic disorder
 Tumors
 Degenerative disease
 Infection disease
 Encephalitis
 Meningitis
 Cerebral abscess
 All pyogenic, tuberculus, lymphocytic
Pattern B-impaired motor function and sensory integrity associated with
progressive disorder of CNS in adulthood
Stroke (CVA)
Intracranial neurosurgical procedure
Pattern c-impaired motor function and sensory integraity associated with
progressive disorder of the CNS in adulthood
Parkinson’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease
Huntington’s disease
Disease of the nervous system
 Introduction
 Anatomy and physiology

122
 Etiology
 Injury
 Disease
 Pathology
 Inflammation
 Degeneration
 Clinical features
 Principal of general management
 Principal of physiotherapy management of:
 Lesion of the brain
 Spinal cord lesion
 Cranial nerve lesion
 Peripheral nerve lesion
 Brain and spinal cord lesion:
 Stroke
 Clinical evaluation
 Physiotherapy management
 Cerebral palsy
 Parkinson’s disease
 Motor neuron disease
 Multiple sclerosis
 Tabes dorsalis
 Syringomyelia
 Cerebellar ataxia
 Frederick’s disease
 Poliomyelitis
 Infections of the brain
 Infections of the spinal cords
 Head injuries
 Traumatic spinal cord injuries
 Neurosurgery
 Intracranial lesion
 Spinal lesion
 Cranial and peripheral nerve lesion
 Cranial nerve lesion
 Description
 Management of all cranial nerves lesions
 Physiotherapy evaluation and management of
 Occulomotor nerve
 Trigeminal nerve
 Facial nerve
 Peripheral nerve lesion
 Anatomical structure of the nerve
 Cause and types of the nerve
 Pathological changes
 Clinical features

123
  Prognosis
 General management
 Physiotherapy evaluation and management of :
 Brachial plexus injuries
 Erb’s paralysis & klumpke’s paralysis
 Median nerve lesion
 Ulnar nerve lesion
 Radial nerve lesion \
 Axillary nerve lesion
 Nerve to serratus anterior
 Femoral nerve lesion
 Lateral popliteal paralysis
 Polyneuropathy

Peripheral nervous system

 Peripheral neuropathies
 Nerve trauma
 Tumors

Reference Books
Recommended Books

1. Tidy’s Physiotherapy by Thomas A Skinner & Piercy

2. Cashs Text book of Neurology physiotherapist by patrica A. Downie
3. “Physical Rehablitations Assessments and Treatment”. By Susan B,O’Sullivan
&Thomas J. Schmitz , 4th edition

Physiotherapy in Chest and Cardiovascular Problems

Lectures/Tutorials 160 hrs

Total marks = 150

Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Viva/practical marks = 50

124
Total marks = 150

Pass marks = 50%

DETAILS OF SYALLBUS
Introduction
Principles of assessment
Methods of assessment
Physiotherapy treatment
Data collection
Data analysis
Problems identification
Goal setting
Treatment planning
-implementation
-treatment outcome
Clinical decision making
Accurate documentation
Effective communication skills
Patients
Family members
Other health care providers

Physical assessment

Principles of assessment

Types of assessment
Objective assessment
Subjective assessment
Classification of assessment
Musculoskeletal
Sensory
Coordination
Motor control
Cardiopulmonary
Integumentary
Gait analysis
Functional
Environmental

Management of vascular disorders of the extremities

Arterial disorders
Venous disorders
Lymphatic disorders

125
Mastectomy
PT Treatment for diseases of the heart
Medical conditions
General description

Physiotherapy treatment and plan of patients with:

Coronary artery disease

Inpatient cardiac rehab
Home exercise program
Community exercise program
Efficacy of cardiac rehab

Surgical conditions

Introduction
Types of incisions
Complications
Lines,tubes,drains
Physiotherapy management
Pre-operative goals for
Post-operative goals for
Coronary artery bypass
Pacemaker insertion
Cardiac arrest
Open heart surgery
Transplant surgery

Endurance training

Diseases of blood and lymph vessels

Anatomical structural
General description of the following disease including
Etiology
Clinical features
Examination
Pathological changes
Complication
General medical management
Surgical management
Physiotherapy management of
Disease of arteries(arteriosclerosis.aneurysm,raynaud s disease and burger
disease
Disease of the veins(phlebitis,deep venous thrombosis.pulmonary embolism and
varicose vain

126
 Disease of lymp vessel(lympedeme)
Ulcers(venous,arterial ischemic pressure sores scar
Respiratory system
Anatomy and physiology
Effects of disease
General clinical features and disorder of respiratory system
Outline of physiotherapy examination
Principles of physiotherapy management of
Medical condtions
Acute&chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Asthma
Bronchiactasis
Cystic fibrosis
Lung abscess
Pneumonia
Pulmonary tubereulosis
bronchial&lung tumers
pneumothorax
haemothorax
Pleurisy
Empyeme
Respiratory failure

surgical conditions

Definition
Types of incision&operations,
indication&complications of pulmonary surgery
pre&post operative physiotherapy management of
lobactomy
segmantectomty
pneumonectomy
pleurrectomty
pleurodesis
Chest trauma.

Reference Books
Recommended Books
1. Tidy’s Physiotherapy by Thomas A Skinner & Piercy
2. Therapeutics Exercises and Technique by Carolyn Kisner and Laynn Allen Colby 4th
5th edition

Reference Books:

127
1. Cash’s Text book of General Medical & Surgical Condition for Physiotherapists by
Patrica A. Downie
2. Cash’s Textbook of chest , heart and vascular condition for physiotherapist by Patrica
A. Downie

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND CLINICAL

DECISION MAKING

The course of Differential Diagnosis and Clinical Decision Making shall extend
over a period of one academic year and there will be departmental evaluation at the end
of completion of the course. Question of 25 marks will be asked in Paper of Evidence
Based Physiotherapy

Lectures/Discussions = 80

Practical/Demonstration = 80

DETAILS OF SYLLABUS
It includes various theories and concepts of clinical decision-making and physical therapy
diagnosis. Clinical reasoning includes hypothesis generation and refinement applied within the
patient/client management model as outlined in The Guide to Physical Therapy Practice. Clinical
cases will be used to explore the diagnostic practice patterns across the lifespan

MANUAL THERAPY

Lectures/ Tutorials 140 hrs

Clinical training/Hands on Manual therapy 120 hrs
Total marks = 200
Theory marks = 100 Distribution
MCQ’s = 30marks
Problem Solving Question = 20marks
Long Essay Question = 20 marks
Two short questions = 20 marks
Internal evaluation =10marks
Total theory marks =100

Viva/practical marks = 100

Total marks = 200

Pass marks = 50%

128
 Details of Syllabus
1. Introduction

2. Principles
1. Movements
2. Evaluation of Patient
3. Treatment Criteria
3. Techniques

Learning specific manual techniques in

1. Pelvis
2. Lumber spine
3. Thorasic spine
4. Cervical spine
5. Upper Cervical spine
6. Wrist and hand
7. Shoulder
8. Knee
9. Elbow
10. Ankle

RESEARCH METHOLOGY AND REPORT

WRITING

(Syllabi and Courses of Readings)

The Course of Instruction in Biostatistics and Research Methods shall extend over a
period one academic year.
Minimum hours of instruction will be as follow:

1. Lectures advanced Biostatistics 60 Hours

2. Project & Report writing 100 Hours
__________
Total: 160 Hours

This paper will of 100 marks for practical/oral viva (the viva will be based on research
project)

129
501 Introduction of Advanced Bio-Statistics
A review on Medical Data Analysis with special context to Physiotherapy
and Software used in medical Data analysis, Survival Analysis, Meta
Analysis, Medical Data Mining Techniques
502 Regression analysis
Multiple Regression analysis, Stepwise Regression, Logistic Regression,
Cox Regression
503 Non-Parametric Tests
Introduction of Non-parametric tests and uses in medical sciences
504 Synopsis Writing
How to write a synopsis and to evaluate it, Methods to evaluate Research
Report

Research Report
A t the end of academic year each student must be completed his research project
under his/her supervisor.

130
 QUALITY ASSURANCE
ACADEMIC STANDAR AND ACADEMIC QUALITY

“Academic standards” are predetermined and explicit levels

of achievements that `must be reached for a qualification to be
awarded. “Academic quality” the effectiveness of procedures and
provisions that enable students to achieve qualification.

The Academic Standards therefore are incorporated into the

followings;
1. Curriculum Design – Content – Organization.
2. Teaching- Learning- Assessment
3. Student progression and achievement
4. Student support and Guidance
5. Learning Resources( State of Practice/ Art)
6. Quality Management and Enhancement.

The measurement of effective of these Academic Standards will determine the level of
the “Academic Quality”.

QUALITY ASSURACE OF THE PROGRAM

The academic standards are developed as predetermined and explicit levels of

achievements that must be reached by the students, the learning facilities and environment
that must be reached arranged by the institution and the procedure these must be
administrated efficiently and effectively by different persons and bodies in the university.
The “Quality Assurance” is therefore carried out in three (3) cycles.

Cycle-1: Monitoring; Continues monitoring by the faculty resulting in “Annual Monitoring

Report”. This produced by the Program Director.

Cycle -2: Internal Review; Peer Review by a “Peer Review Committee” constituted by the
University comprising of two (02) teachers of the same specialty of the program,
Who are not members of program Faculty Committee. These members may be
Preferably from out University if available. The Program Director will assist
Peer review Committee to carry out the review. The cycle-2 is carried out
Every 2 years.

131
CRITERIA FOR PEER REVIEW OF THE ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT
WITH REFERENCE TO ACADEMIC PROGRAM

The “Peer Review Committee” will be appointed by the Vice Chancellor

to review the concerned academic department with relation to the degree program.
Criteria will be based on the following six essentials elements.
1.Curriculum Design – Content- Organization
2.Teaching – Learning - Assessment
3.Student progressing and Achievements
4. Student Support and Guidance
5. Learning Resources (State of Practice / Art)
6. Quality Management and Enhancement.

All elements will evaluate out of 100 points and rated against 4 points as under.
1(1-25) 2(26-50) 3(51-75) 4(76-100)

The final report of “Peer Committee” will be according to Quality Assurance

criteria 6*4=24 points.
Cycle – 3: External Review; Accreditation or External Review” The quality
review is carried out by the external review appointed by an Accreditation Body,
board or Council. This cycle will be repeated every four (04) years, and the
university makes all Accreditation reports available to the public.

FACULTY SATISFACTION LEVEL

As required by Higher Education Commission, The Program Director will

assess the faculty satisfaction level regarding the Postgraduate Diploma
Program according to following criteria.

A: Excellent B: Very Good C: Good D: fair E: Poor

Sr. DESCRIPTION A B C D E
No
1 Cooperation you received from colleagues A B C D E
2 Cooperation you received from program director A B C D E
3 Cooperation you received from Program A B C D E
Examination Committee
4 The monitoring you performed & student A B C D E
response
5 Remuneration / compensation for the program A B C D E
6 Your satisfaction on the over all curriculum. A B C D E
7 Your satisfaction on the overall learning A B C D E
resources.
8 Overall academic environment of the department A B C D E
9 Efforts to meet the time limits. A B C D E

132
 10. Your recommendation to improve the
program.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Name of
Teacher____________________________________________________
Activity involved in module nos:
__________________________________________
Designation:_______________________________________________________
__

Address:__________________________________________________________
__
Date:_____________________
Signature:__________________________________

133
 STUDENT SATISFACTION LEVEL

As required by Higher Education Commission of the Program

Director will assess the Student Satisfaction level regarding the concerned diploma
program according to following criteria .The survey will be conducted after end of the
program.

A: Excellent B: Very good C: Good D: Fair E: Poor

Sr. No DESCRIPTION A B C D E
1 The work in program is too heavy and A B C D E
induces a lot of pressure.
2 The program is effective in enhancing team - A B C D E
working abilities
3 The program administration is effective in A B C D E
supporting learning.
4 The program is effective in developing A B C D E
analytic and problem solving skills.
5 The program is effective in developing A B C D E
independent thinking
6 The program is effective in developing A B C D E
written communication skills.
7 The program is effective in developing A B C D E
planning abilities.
8 The content of the program is adequate for A B C D E
pursing the advanced courses in the program.
9 The training experience is effective in A B C D E
enhancing.
Ability to work in teams independent A B C D E
thinking
Appreciation of ethical values A B C D E
Professional development A B C D E
Time management skills judgment A B C D E
Discipline A B C D E
The link between theory and practice. A B C D E

10. Your recommendation to improve the program.

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

Student Name:_______________________ Date -------------------------

Signature:_________________

134
 ACADEMIC QUALITY:

a) Monitoring
The Program Directory (Course In charge) will submit
following reports to the Dean Faculty of Medicine of
University of the Punjab at the end of each academic
year.

1. Record of the Academic Activities that took place.

2. List of the problems by the students and the teacher.
3. List of the problems that were addressed and solved
during the program
4. List of the problems which require support from the
University.
5. Monitoring of the progress files of the student.
b) Peer Review:
Every three; the Dean Faculty of Medicine of the
University of the Punjab will arrange Review of the
Program by appointing a Committee of the Specialists of
the same field.

T.O.R of Peers Review Committee:

1. Comments on the Monitoring Report produced by the Program Director.

2. Comments on the review of the progress files of the students.
3. Comments on attaining of the Educational Objectives as assessed by the
Committee by Objectives by mailing its observation, interview of the faculty
and students.
4. Recommendations on the Academic Standards.
5. Recommendation to further improve the program

135
 Annexure V
Relevant Web Sites

Higher Education Commission Pakistan:

www.hec.gov.pk

Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education-UK:

www.qaa.ac.uk

Higher Education in Europe;

http://ec.europa.eu/education/policies/educ/higher/higher_en.html

ECTS - European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System:

http://ec.europa.eu/education/programmes/socrates/ects/index_en.html

136
 Date: 05-09-2012
To,
The Medical Superintendent,
Mayo Hospital, Lahore.

Subject: Absent Report of Dr. Altaf Mughal from duty on

Wednesday, 05th Sept., 2012.

Sir,
I have been directed by my Head of Department to
inform you that Dr. Altaf Mughal, Registrar Ortho-Unit-1 is found
absent from duty without prior permission on Wednesday, 05 th
Sept., 2012. This is for you kind information and necessary action.

Sincerely Yours,

Dr. Syed Asif Ali

Assistant Professor,
Dept. Orthopaedice Surgery, Unit-1,
KEMU/Mayo Hospital, Lahore.

137