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Projectile Motion in 2d

Projectile motion refers to the motion of a particle moving freely under gravity in a two-dimensional plane, with examples including throwing a ball or jumping off a diving board. The motion is characterized by independent vertical and horizontal components, where vertical motion is affected by gravity while horizontal motion remains constant in the absence of air resistance. Key terms include time of flight, maximum height, and range, which can be calculated using the SUVAT equations.

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18 views36 pages

Projectile Motion in 2d

Projectile motion refers to the motion of a particle moving freely under gravity in a two-dimensional plane, with examples including throwing a ball or jumping off a diving board. The motion is characterized by independent vertical and horizontal components, where vertical motion is affected by gravity while horizontal motion remains constant in the absence of air resistance. Key terms include time of flight, maximum height, and range, which can be calculated using the SUVAT equations.

Uploaded by

diana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PROJECTILE MOTION IN 2D

What is a projectile?
•A projectile is a particle moving freely (non-
powered), under gravity, in a two-
dimensional plane
Examples of projectile motion

jumping off a diving


throwing a ball board

hitting a baseball
with a baseball bat
In these examples, it is assumed that
•Resistance from the air or liquid (known as
fluid resistance) the object is travelling
through is negligible
•Acceleration due to free-fall, g is constant as
the object is moving close to the surface of
the Earth
Motion in two dimensions: projectiles

• After it bounces, the ball is moving more slowly. It slows down, or


decelerates, as it rises – the images get closer and closer together.
• We interpret this picture as follows.
• The vertical motion of the ball is affected by the force of gravity, that is, its
weight.
• When it rises it has a vertical deceleration of magnitude g, which slows it
down, and when it falls it has an acceleration of g, which speeds it up.
• The ball’s horizontal motion is unaffected by gravity. In the absence of air
resistance, the ball has a constant velocity in the horizontal direction. We
can treat the ball’s vertical and horizontal motions separately, because they
are independent of one another.
projectile motion
• An object is sent into a projectile motion trajectory
with a resultant velocity, u at an angle, θ to the
horizontal
• Examples of this include a ball thrown from a height
and a cannonball launched from a cannon
Some key terms to know, and how to calculate
them
•Time of flight (total time)
how long the projectile is in the air
For typical projectile motion, the time to
the maximum height is half of the total
time
Some key terms to know, and how to calculate
them
• Maximum height attained
the height at which the projectile is momentarily at rest
This is when the vertical velocity component = 0
When the projectile is released and lands on the ground
the projectile is at its maximum height when half of its
total time has elapsed
Some key terms to know, and how to calculate
them •Range
the horizontal distance travelled by the
projectile
Horizontal and Vertical Components
• The trajectory of an object undergoing projectile
motion consists of a vertical component and
a horizontal component
• These quantities are independent of each other
• Displacement, velocity and acceleration are all vector
quantities that are different in both components
• They need to be evaluated separately using the SUVAT
Equations
Horizontal and Vertical Components

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