1.

Ethics- Motivation based on ideas of right and wrong; being consistent with fundamental
human virtues.
2. Integrity
- Moral Soundness(intactness)
- The practice of being honest and showing a consistent and uncompromising
adherence to strong moral and ethical principles and values.
3. Aptitude
- Natural ability to do something.
- A component of a competence to do a certain kind of work at a certain level.
4. Moral intuition - an instantaneous feeling of approval or disapproval about a social event,
person, or idea. Instead of reasoning, it relies on feelings, thoughts, and attitudes.
5. Moral reasoning - the logical process of determining whether an action is right or wrong.
6. Ethical management refers to the fundamental principles that should be followed by the
corporations.
7. Management of ethics states the ethical treatment of the company towards the employees
and stakeholders.
8. Discrimination - The unfair treatment of a person or group based on attributes like race,
gender, religion, age, etc.
9. Preferential treatment - the giving of special rights or opportunities to a person or group
based on those people's traits.
10. Attitude- A settled way of thinking for feeling about something ( Eg. Religion, religion, Cast,
Sex).
11. Bureaucratic attitude refers to a set of attitudes exhibited by public servants towards their
work that reflect hierarchical discipline, implicit obedience to orders, top-down
instructions, and rule-bound approaches
12. Democratic attitude refers to those attitudes possessed by civil servants who promote the
participation of people in decision making. It is characterized by participatory, humanistic,
and flexible approaches and on bottom-up decision-making.
13. Probity
- Quality of having strong moral principles.
- Honesty, integrity, uprightness.
- Applying public sector value such as -TRANSPARENCY, ACCOUNTABILITY,
IMPARTIALITY.
14. Human Values- Beliefs of a person or social group, in which they have an emotional
investment.
15. Social influence refers to the phenomenon where an individual's behaviors, opinions, or
beliefs change as a result of their network ties, often becoming more similar to those with
whom they are connected.
16. Persuasion- Cause somebody to adopt a certain position or belief or course of action
17. Impartiality- Quality of treating different views or opinions equally and fairly.
18. Non-Partisanship- Not supporting or influenced by any political party or special interest
group.
19. Objectivity- Judgement based on observable phenomena uninfluenced by emotions or
personal prejudice.
20. Sympathy- Human quality of sharing the sufferings of others.
21. Empathy- Human quality not only sharing but also understanding the suffering of others.
22. Compassion- Human quality of understanding others' suffering and wanting to do
something.
23. Tolerance- Willingness to recognise and respect the beliefs of others.
24. Intelligence quotient - a measure of how intelligent somebody is.
25. Emotional Intelligence- Ability to identify, assess, manage and use one’s own and other
emotions.
26. Hatred - a very strong feeling of not liking somebody/something
27. Anger - the strong feeling that you have when something has happened or somebody has
done something that you do not like.
28. Forgiveness - a conscious, deliberate decision to release feelings of resentment or
vengeance toward a person or group who has harmed you, regardless of whether they
actually deserve your forgiveness.
29. Dilemma- State of uncertainty requiring a choice between equality and unfavourable
options.
30. Conscience- Conformity to one’s own ideas of right and wrong.
31. Corruption- Use of position of trust for dishonest gains.

Monopoly + Discretion – Accountability = Corruption

32. Conflict of interests – A situation where a conflict arises between public duty and private
interests.
33. Perseverance – Persistence in doing duty despite difficulty or delay in achieving success.
34. Commitment – Quality of being dedicated to cause or activity.
35. Courage of Conviction – To act in accordance with one’s beliefs, in spite of criticism.
36. Crisis of Conscience- A situation in which it is very difficult to decide what is the right thing
to do.
37. Happiness – State of well being characterised by emotions ranging from contentment to
intense joy.
38. Patriotism – Feeling of love and dedication towards the motherland.
39. Trust deficit – Inverse of trustworthiness.
40. Trustworthiness – A virtue of earning the faith of others in oneself regarding some purpose.
41. Fortitude – Mental and emotional strength in facing difficulty, adversity, danger or
temptation courageously.
42. Public Service – Service provided by the government for its citizens either directly or
indirectly
43. Wisdom – Right application of knowledge.
44. Inequality – Gap in Environment, Affordability, resources available to one in relation to
another.
45. Social Justice – Justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities and privileges
within a society.
46. Accountability – To take responsibility for the outcome of one’s action and address the
issues coming out of it promptly and fairly.
47. Integrity – Consistency of values, principles, expectations actions and outcomes in the
context of the behaviour of an individual.
48. Moral Integrity - doing the right thing when nobody's watching
49. Professional efficiency - Ability to produce the greatest amount of tasks and labour with the
least amount of time and effort.
50. Probity
- Being a person of honesty, integrity and uprightness.
- Applying values of impartiality, accountability and transparency.
- Being incorruptible.
- Respecting humans, compassion for downtrodden and commitment to their welfare.
51. Citizen’s Charter- An undertaking, public organization gives to citizens, to provide a high
level of service, while meeting standards contained in declaration
52. Work Culture- A set of practices, values, and shared beliefs within an organization and in its
employees that arises from generally regarded as appropriate way to think and act.
53. Human capital - Human capital refers to the economic value of a worker's experience and
skills. Human capital includes assets like education, training, intelligence, skills, health, and
other things employers value such as loyalty and punctuality.
54. Soft power - Soft power involves shaping the preferences of others through appeal and
attraction.
55. Public life - The aspects of social life which occur in public, in the open, as opposed to more
private social interaction within families, private clubs, etc.
56. Public servant - A person holding a government office or job by election or appointment
57. Public funds- Money that comes from the government, often through taxes, that's used to
help the public through goods and services.
58. Constitutional morality - adherence to or being faithful to bottom line principles of
constitutional values. It includes commitment to an inclusive and democratic political
process in which both individual and collective interests are satisfied.
59. Public interest - Public interest means any government action directed to protecting and
benefiting citizens at large, whereby essential goods and services are provided for the
welfare of the population.
60. International aid - the assistance from rich and developed states that is given to developing
countries. The donors may be governments, non-governmental organizations, development
banks, or various international organizations.
61. International ethics - an area of international relations theory that, in one way or another,
concerns the extent and scope of ethical obligations between states in an era of globalization
62. Kindness - being selfless, caring, compassionate, and unconditionally kind.
63. Social capital - the networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular
society, enabling that society to function effectively.
 64. Whistleblowing - when a person, often an employee, reveals information about activity
within a private or public organization that is deemed illegal, immoral, illicit, unsafe or
fraudulent.
65. Corporate governance - the system of rules, practices, and processes by which a firm is
directed and controlled. Corporate governance essentially involves balancing the interests of
a company's many stakeholders, such as shareholders, senior management executives,
customers, suppliers, financiers, the government, and the community.
66. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) - a business model that helps a company be socially
accountable to itself, its stakeholders, and the public.
67. Refugee - a person who has been forced to leave his/her country for political or religious
reasons, or because there is a war, not enough food, etc.
68. Social audit - a way of measuring, understanding, reporting and ultimately improving an
organization's social and ethical performance.
69. Citizen’s charter - a document that outlines the service commitment of organizations or
service providers towards providing quality, high-standard services, including mechanisms
for grievance redressal.
70. Code of ethics - broader, providing a set of principles that affect employee mindset and
decision-making.
71. Code of conduct offers principles defining the ethics of a business / governance, but it also
contains specific rules for employee actions and behavior.
72. Right to Information includes the right to: Inspect works, documents, records. Take notes,
extracts or certified copies of documents or records.
73. Intolerance - unwillingness or refusal to tolerate or respect opinions or beliefs contrary to
one's own.
74. Seven Social Sins by Mahatma Gandhi
- Wealth without Work.
- Pleasure without Conscience.
- Knowledge without Character.
- Commerce (Business) Without Morality (Ethics)
- Science without Humanity.
- Religion without Sacrifice.
- Politics without Principle.

Governance Good Governance Ethical Governance

● Refers to all processes of ● Adds a normative or ● Refers to governance that

governing, the institutions, evaluative attribute to the is guided by ethical
processes, and practices process of governing. principles and values.
through which issues of ● It is the responsible ● It involves the adoption of
common concern are conduct of public affairs ethical standards and
decided upon and and management of practices in the conduct
regulated. public resources. of public affairs,
● It is the exercise of ● It implies responsive, management of public
economic, political, and accountable, sustainable,
 administrative authority to and efficient resources, and delivery of
manage a country's affairs. administration at all public services.
● It is also the process levels. ● It implies high standards
through which various ● It promotes transparency, of morality like integrity,
stakeholders articulate accountability, rule of probity, compassion,
their interest, exercise law, principle of impartiality, justice, etc.
their rights, and mediate subsidiarity, and citizen ● It ensures that public
their differences. first. officials act in the public
interest and not for
personal gain.