Transformation of Sentences

Affirmative to Negative:
Rule 1: Only/ alone/ merely → স্থানে→ None but (ব্যক্তি)/ nothing but (ব্স্তু)/ not
more than or not less than (সংখা)
Aff: Only Allah can help us.
Neg: None but Allah can help us.
Aff: He has only a ball.
Neg: He has nothing but a ball.
Aff: He has only ten taka.
Neg: He has not more than ten taka.
Rule 2: Must/Have to /Has to → স্থানে → Cannot but + মূল verb/ Cannot help +
(v+ing).
Aff: We must obey our parents.
Neg: we cannot but obey our parents/ we cannot help obeying our parents.
Rule 3: Both…..and → স্থানে → not only….. but also.
Aff: Both Dolon and Dola were excited.
Neg: Not only dolon but also Dola were excited
Rule 4: and (যদি িুটি শব্দ যযাগ কনে) →স্থানে → Not only…..but also.
Aff: He was obedient and gentle.
Neg: He was not only obedient but also gentle.
Rule 5: Everyone/ everybody/every person/ (every + common noun)/ all → স্থানে
→ There is no + ( Every এে পনেে word ) + but.
Aff: Every mother loves her child.
Neg: There is no mother but loves her child.
Rule 6: As soon as → স্থানে → No sooner had…..than.
Aff: As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.
Neg: No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away.
Rule 7: The Superlative degree → স্থানে → No other + attached word + verb +
so/as + positive form + as + subject.
Aff: Dhaka is the biggest city in Bangladesh.
Neg: No other city is as big as Dhaka in Bangladesh.
Rule 8: প্রদিশব্দ Not যুি কনে দব্পেীি শব্দ হনব্
Aff: I shall remember you.
Neg: I shall not forget you.
Rule 9: Always → স্থানে → Never প্রদিশব্দ দব্পেীি শব্দ হনব্।
Aff: Raven always attends the class.
Neg: Raven never misses the class.
Rule 10: Too … to → স্থানে → so —that + Present হনল can not/ Past হনল could
not.
Aff: He is too weak to walk.
Neg: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Rule 11: As ….as → স্থানে → Not less ….than.
Aff: Simi was as wise as Rimi.
Neg: Simi was not less wise than Rimi.
Rule 12: Universal truth are change by making them negative interrogative.
Aff: The Sun sets in the west.
Neg: Doesn’t the Sun set in the west.
Rule 13: Sometimes স্থানে → Not + always.
Aff: Raven sometimes visits me.
Neg: Raven doesn’t always visit me.
Rule 14: Many → স্থানে → Not a few.
Aff: I have many friends.
Neg: I donot have few friends.
Rule 15: A few → স্থানে → not many.
Aff: Bangladesh has a few scholars.
Neg: Bangladesh doesn’t have many scholars.
Rule 16: Much → স্থানে → A little.
Aff: He belongs much money.
Neg: He doesn’t belong a little money.
Assertive to Interrogative:
▪ Present Form = Don’t?
▪ Past Form = Didn’t?
▪ Verb + s/ es =Doesn’t?
▪ Auxiliary Verb = Auxiliary Verb + n’t?
▪ Every/ Some/ All/ Body = Who?
Rule 1: যদি sentence টি affirmative হয় িাহনল negative interrogative কেনি হনব্।
আে যদি negative হয় affirmative interrogative কেনি হনব্।
Ass: He was very gentle.
Int: wasn’t he very gentle?
Aff: He is not a good person.
Int: Is he a good person?
Rule 2: যদি auxiliary verb ো থানক →
▪ Present form হনল Do/ Don’t

▪ Past form হনল Did/ Didn’t.

▪ Verb+s,es হনল Does/ Doesn’t
Ass: He plays Football.
Int: Doesn’t he play football?
Ass: They did not play football yesterday.
Int: Did they play football yesterday?
Rule3: Never → স্থানে → Ever.
Ass: I never drink tea.
Int: Do I ever drink tea?
Rule 4: Everybody/everyone/ All → স্থানে → Who + Don’t/ Doesn’t/ Didn’t
Ex: Everybody wishes to be happy.
Int : Who doesn’t wish to be happy?
Rule 5: Every + noun → স্থানে → Is there any + noun+ Who don’t/doesn’t/ didn’t.
Ass: Every man wishes to be happy.
Int: Is there any man who doesn’t wish to be happy?
Rule 6: No body/ no one / None → স্থানে → Who.
Ex: Nobody could count my love for you.
Int: Who could ever count my love for you?
Rule 7: There is no → স্থানে → Is there any/ Who (person)/ What (thing).
Ass: There is no use of this law.
Int: What is the use of this law?
Ass: There is no man happier than Jamil.
Int: Who is Happier than jamil?
Rule 8: It Is no → স্থানে → Is there any/ Why.
Ass: It is no use of taking unfair means in the exam.
Int: Why take unfair means in the exam?
Or, Is there any use of this law?
Rule 9: It doesn’t matter → স্থানে → what though/ does it matter.
Ass: It does not matter if you fail in the exam.
Int: What though if you fail in the exam?

Exclamatory to Assertive:
Rule 1: what a/an → স্থানে → a very (before adjective)/ a great (before noun)
Ex: What a beautiful scenery!
Ass: It is a very beautiful scenery.
Ex: What a pity!
Ass: It is a great pity.
Rule2: How → স্থানে → Very (before adjective)/ Great (before noun)
Ex: How fortunate you are!
Ass: You are very fortunate.
Ex: What a fool you are!
Ass: You are a great fool.
Rule 3: Hurrah/ Bravo → স্থানে → I/we rejoice that/ It is a matter of joy that.
Ex: Hurrah! We have own the game.
Ass: It is a matter of joy that we have won the game.
Rule 4: Alas → স্থানে → I/we Mourn that/ It is a matter of sorrow or grief that.
Ex: Alas! He has failed.
Ass: We mourn that he has failed.
Rule 5: Had/ were/ If /Would that (at the out set) → স্থানে → I wish + subject
again + were/ had+ rest part.
Ex: Had I the wings of a bird!
Ass: I wish I had the wings of a bird.
Ex: Were I a bird!
Ass: I wish I were a bird.
Ex: If I were young again!
Ass: I wish I were young again.
Ex: would that I could be a child!
Ass: I wish I could be a child.

Imperative to Assertive:
Rule 1: subject + should + verb.
Ex: Do the work.
Ass: you should do the work.
Rule 2: Please/kindly → স্থানে→ you are requested to + verb.
Ex: Please, help me.
Ass: You are requested to help me.
Rule 3: Do not → স্থানে → You should not.
Ex: Do not run in the sun.
Ass: you should not run in the sun.
Rule 4: Never → স্থানে → you should never.
Ex: Never tell a lie.
Ass: You should never tell a lie.
Rule 5: Let us → স্থানে → We should.
Ex: Let us go out for a walk.
Ass: We should go out for a walk.
Rule 6: Let + noun/pronoun → স্থানে → Subject + might.
Ex: Let him play football.
Ass: He might play football.

• Simple
• Complex
• Compound

No Simple Complex Compound

1 In spite of/Despite + Although/Though But/yet

(possessive) Verb + ing
Ex: Though he worked Ex: He worked hard but
Ex: In spite of (his) hard, he did not pass the he did not pass the exam.
working hard, he did not exam.
pass the exam.
2 Without + Verb + ing Unless…./ If you do not Or
যুক্ত (Negative), Sub +…
Ex: Without reading Ex: Read attentively or
attentively you will fail. Ex: (Unless you/If you do fail.
not) read attentively you
will fail.
3 By + Verb + ing ….. If you do যুক্ত Verb ….. and
(affirmative), Sub +…
Ex: By taking exercise, Ex: Take exercise and
you will be healthy. Ex: If you take exercise, (you will) be healthy.
you will be healthy.
4 Verb + ing ….. When/ As/Since ub ….. and (Subject
একই)
Ex: Being lazy he could Ex: As he was lazy, he Ex: He was lazy and he
not prosper. could not prosper. could not prosper
5 At the time of + When/ As/Since Sub ….. and (Subject
possessive + verb + ing আলাদা)
…., Sub + ….. Ex: When he woke up, it
Ex: At the time of his was raining. Ex: He woke up and it
waking up, it was raining. was raining.
Ex: As the water water
অথবা Sub+ having/ was hot, I could not drink Ex: The water was hot
being + ….. Sub + ….. it and I could not drink it.
Ex: The water being hot, I
could not drink it.
6 Too/enough … to + V1…. So ….. that + Sub + can/ Very ….. and
could + V1
Ex: The sum is too hard Ex: The sum is so hard Ex: The sum is very hard
too hard for me to solve. that I cannot solve it. and I cannot solve it.

Ex: The sum was easy Ex: The sum was so easy Ex: The sum was very
enough for me to solve. that I can solve it. easy and I could solve it.
7 To/in order to + V1 So that/in order that + and he want/ wanted to
can/ could + V1 (any tense)
Ex: The man run fast to Ex: The man run fast so
catch the train. that he could catch the Ex: The man ran fast and
train. wanted to catch the train.
8 Besides + Verb + ing …… Who ….. as well not only …. but also

Ex: Besides being a Ex: She who is a singer is Ex: She is not only a
singer, she is a dancer. a dancer as well. singer but also a dancer.

Ex: Besides giving him When …. Ex: I gave him not only
money, I gave him advice. Ex: When I gave him money but also good
money, I gave him advice. advice.
9 At the time of + As soon as …. / No And
possessive + Verb + ing sooner had …. than/
Ex: At the time of the Hardly …. Ex: The police arrived
police’s arriving/arrival, when/Scarcely …. when and the crowd
the crowd disappeared. Ex: As soon as the police
 arrived, the crowd disappeared.
Verb + ing.. disappeared.
Ex: Hearing the news he Ex: Hardly had he heard Ex: He heard the news
wrote to me. the news when he wrote to and he wrote me.
me.
10 Noun + Relative Noun + Relative …. and ….
Pronoun + Verb + ing Pronoun + Verb
Ex: I have a Ex: I have a brother who Ex: A have a brother and
brother who reading at reads at Chittagong he reads at Chittagong
Chittagong University. University. University.
11 Noun + Relative Noun + Relative …. and ….
Pronoun + be + Pronoun + be +
adj/participle phrase adj/participle Ex: I saw a man and he
was was walking in the
Ex: I saw a man who was field.
Ex: I saw a man who walking in the field. Ex: I want a shirt and it is
was walking in the field. Ex: I want a shirt which black.
Ex: I want a black shirt. is black.
12 At/in/on/ate the age of + When it is/was + time It is/was + time … and
time at (শুধু োি, ঘদ়িে
সময়, উৎসব্, ব্য়স এে Ex: When it was dawn, Ex: It was dawn and the
the man died. man died.
যেনে); in (োি ছা়িা
দিনেে অেযােয ভাগ, মাস,
ব্ছে); on (day যুি সময়);
ব্য়স থাকনলেঃ at the age
of

Ex: The man died at

dawn.
• Positive Degree– (no comparison -যকাে িু লো হনব্ো)
Ex: In this class, this student is intelligent.
• Comparative Degree– (comparison between two persons or objects-
িুইজনেে ব্া িুটি দব্ষনয়ে মনধয িু লো হনব্)
Ex: In this class, this student is more intelligent than Max.
• Superlative Degree– (comparison among several persons or objects-অনেক
ব্যক্তি ব্া ব্স্তুে মনধয িু লো হনব্)
Ex: In this class, this student is the most intelligent.

Positive Degree Comparative Degree Superlative Degree

Strong Stronger Strongest

Great Greater Greatest

Old Older/elder Oldest/eldest

Small Smaller Smallest

Few Fewer Fewest

Weak Weaker Weakest

Hot Hotter Hottest

Big Bigger Biggest

 Large Larger Largest

Wise Wiser Wisest

Easy Easier Easiest

Beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful

Intelligent More Intelligent Most Intelligent

Good/well Better Best

Bad/badly/evil/ill Worse Worst

Many/much More Most

Fore Former Foremost/first

Little Less Least

Late Later/latter Latest/last

Far Farther Farthest

Fore Further Furthest

Out Outer/utter Outmost/outermost

No Positive Comparative Superlative

1 No other/ There is no/ than any other/ than The/ of any

Nothing anything
(একব্চে ব্যক্তি ব্া ব্স্তু)

Ex: No other boy in the

class is as good as John. Ex: John is better than Ex: John is the best boy
any other boy in the class in the class.
2 Very few/ Few than most other/ than all one of the/ of all
(ব্হুব্চে ব্যক্তি ব্া ব্স্তু) other

Ex: Very few cities Ex: New York is more Ex: New York is one of
are as developed developed than most the most
as New York in the other/than all other cities developed cities in the
world. in the world. world.
3 As….as/so….as not….than
(Affirmative-Negative)
(single sentence) Ex: The girl is not
(হাাঁ-যব্াধক=ো-যব্াধক) stronger than the boy.
Ex: The boy is as
strong as the girl. Ex: I do not believe (পদেব্িতে হয়ো)
Ex: You believe him as him more than you.
much as I.
Ex: Your bag is as fine Ex: My bag is not finer
as mine. than yours.
4 As…as(Affirmative) not less…than
As…as (Negative) (Affirmative)
(before a sentence) less…than
(Negative)
Ex: The girl is as ugly Ex: The girl is no less (পদেব্িতে হয়ো)
as you said. ugly than you said.
Ex: The student is not Ex: The student is less
as fool as I think. fool than I think.
5 As soon as….. No sooner had…than (পদেব্িতে হয়ো)
Ex: As soon as the man Ex: No sooner had the
came, I left the room. man come than I left the
room.