Optical Fiber
Principles of Fiber Optics
• An optical fiber (or fibre in British English) is a flexible,
transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or
plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a
human hair. Optical fibers are used most often as a
means to transmit light[a] between the two ends of the
fiber and find wide usage in fiber-optic communications,
where they permit transmission over longer distances
and at higher bandwidths (data transfer rates) than
electrical cables. Fibers are used instead of metal wires
because signals travel along them with less loss; in
addition, fibers are immune to electromagnetic
interference, a problem from which metal wires suffer.
• Fibers are also used for illumination and imaging, and
are often wrapped in bundles so they may be used to
carry light into, or images out of confined spaces, as in
the case of a fiberscope. Specially designed fibers are
also used for a variety of other applications, some of
them being fiber optic sensors and fiber lasers
Principles of Fiber Optics
Principles of Fiber Optics
• In optics, the refractive index (also known as refraction index or index of refraction) of a material is a
dimensionless number that describes how fast light travels through the material. It is defined as
n= c/v
• where c is the speed of light in vacuum and v is the phase velocity of light in the medium. For
example, the refractive index of water is 1.333, meaning that light travels 1.333 times slower in water
than in a vacuum. Increasing the refractive index corresponds to decreasing the speed of light in the
material.
Principles of Fiber Optics
• The refractive index determines how much the path of light is bent, or refracted, when entering a material.
This is described by Snell's law of refraction,
n1 sinθ1 = n2 sinθ2
where θ1 and θ2 are the angles of incidence and refraction
Fiber Basics
Under sea cable laying
Fiber Optics Network
Fiber Optics Layers
Fiber Fabrication
FTTP, FTTH and FTTX
Fiber Types
Fiber Modes
Fiber Modes
Single mode Multi mode
Step Index Graded index
Single Mode
Multi Mode
Multi Mode
Fiber Modes
OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4 and OM5
Fiber Types
Fiber Types
Silica Acrylic Plastic
Fiber Fiber Fiber
Silica fiber
plastic Fiber
Acrylic Fiber
Cable Types
Simple Distribution Cable
Cable Types
Breack out Cable
Cable Types
Loose Tube Cable
Cable Types
Ribbon Cable
Cable Types
Armored Cable
Cable Types
Aerial Cable
Cable Types
Hybrid and Composite Cable
Cable Distribution Types
Coaxial System
Cable Distribution Types
Underground (Ductpic) Cable
Fiber Specification
Attenuation
Factor
Fiber
Specification
Chromatic Modal
Dispersion Dispersion
Fiber Specification
Attenuation Factor
Fiber Specification
Modal Dispersion
Fiber Specification
Chromatic Dispersion
Fiber Optic Links
Fiber Optic Links
Optical Optical Optical
Connectors
Transmitter Fiber Cable Receiver
Fiber Optic Links
Optical Transmitter
Fiber Optic Links
Optical Fiber Cable
Fiber Optic Links
Connectors
Fiber Optic Links
Connectors
Fiber Optic Links
Optical Receiver
Maintenance Hole Plan and Profile Drawing
Safety & Precaution
Termination Procedures
Termination types
Fiber Optic Tools
Jacket Slitter
Fiber Optic Tools
Jacket Stripper
Fiber Optic Tools
Cleaver
Fiber Optic Tools
Polishing Puck
Fiber Optic Tools
Polishing Film
Fiber Optic Tools
Fusion Splicer
Joining
Fiber Optic Splicing
Connector and Splice Loss
Fiber Optic Splicing
Mechanical Splicing
Fiber Optic Splicing
Protecting Splicing
Splicing Hardware
Splice Closures and Covers
Splicing Hardware
Splice Tray
Cable Design Criteria
Pulling Strength
Cable Design Criteria
Bending Limits
Cable Design Criteria
Water Protection
Cable Design Criteria
Crush Loads and Rodent Penetration
Fiber Optic Test Equipment
Optical Power Meter
Fiber Optic Test Equipment
Test source
Fiber Optic Test Equipment
Lose Test Set
Fiber Optic Test Equipment
Reference Test Cables
Fiber Optic Test Equipment
Mating Adapter
Fiber Optic Test Equipment
Fiber Tracer
Fiber Optic Test Equipment
Visual Fault Locator
Fiber Optic Test Equipment
Inspection Microscope
Fiber Optic Testing
Microscope Inspection
Fiber Optic Testing
Visual Tracking
Fiber Optic Test Equipment
Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
Fiber Optic Testing
Loss Inspection
3.8. Fiber Optic Testing
Loss Inspection
Fiber Optic Testing
OTDR Testing
Fiber Optic Testing
OTDR Testing
Fiber Optic losses and link budget
Thank you
