Course Teacher

আদিবা মাহজাবীন দনতু

Adiba Mahjabin Nitu
Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
Cell: 01716407820
E-mail: nitu.hstu@gmail.com

CSE 107 1
 Theory Course
Course Code: CSE 107
Course Title: Computer Basics and Programming
Contact Hours/Week: 2.00
Course Details:
Introduction to Computer Basics: Types and Generations of Computers, Basic
Organization and Functional units of Computers, CPU, Motherboards, BIOS, Memory
units, Keyboard, Mouse, OMR, OCR, MICR, CD ROM, DVD, Printers, CRT, Floppy Disk,
Hard Disk, Magnetic tape etc.
Introduction to Computer Programming: Problem solving techniques, algorithm
specification and development, programming style, debugging and testing, documentation,
program design methodologies, structured and modular program design.
Programming Language with C: Data types, operators and conversions, control
structures, array, user defined function, string operation, pointer, structure, union and file
management.

CSE 107 2
 Reference Books
1. Anita Goel, Computer Fundamentals, Pearson, 2010.
2. Timothy O'Leary, Linda O'Leary, Computing Essentials, 2014 Complete Edition, McGraw-3
Hill/Irwi, 2013.
3. K. L. James, Computer Hardware: Installation, Interfacing, Troubleshooting and Maintenance,
Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, 2013.
4. Peter Norton, Introduction to computers, 6th edition, 2006.
5. Michael Price, Computer Basics in Easy Steps, In Easy Steps Limited, 2011.
6. Dr. Mohammad Lutfor Rahman and Dr. M. Alamgir Hossain, Computer Fundamentals.
7. E. Balagurusamy, Programming in ANSI C.

CSE 107 3
 Practical/Sessional Course

Course Code: CSE 108

Course Title: Computer Basics and Programming Sessional
Credit: 1.50
Contact Hours/Week: 3.00
Course Details: Experiments based on Syllabus of CSE 107.

CSE 107 4
 Objective of this Course

• To know about the digital computer.

• To be familiar with the basic concept of programming.
• How to design a program (algorithm and implementation).

Lectures of this course are prepared with the help of books, research articles and other online
source.

CSE 107 5
 Digital Computer
• An Electronic Device to solve real-life problems easily, efficiently, effectively,
and fast.
• An electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form,
according to the instructions given to it in a program.
• A computer is an electronic machine that can store and deal with the large amount
of information/data.
• Analog vs. Digital computer: ??
• Computing: The procedure/act of calculation. The activity that uses computer to
manage, process, and communicate information.
• Uses of computer: ??

CSE 107 6
 Organization of a Computer

• Hardware: The physical devices that make up a computer. Tangible

and visible.
• Software: The logical devices (program/software) that operate the
computer. Intangible and invisible/unseen.

CSE 107 7
 Operating Procedure of a Computer

• A computer accepts information in the forms of data and programs

through an input unit and stores it in the memory.
• Information stored in the memory is fetched into, under program
control, and the arithmetic and logic unit processes it.
• Processed data (result/output) leaves the computer through an output
unit.
• All activities inside the machine are directed by the control unit.

CSE 107 8
 Basic Architecture of a Computer

• A computer consists of five functionally independent main parts:

Input Unit
Output Unit
Memory Unit
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
Control Unit (CU)

CSE 107 9
 Importance of Computer

• Handling large volume of data

• High accuracy
• Repetitiveness
• Performing complex calculations
• High speed
• …………..

CSE 107 10
 Limitation of a Computer
• Can not think normally or have no imagination; completely
preprogrammed.
• Can not do anything without human instructions; user dependent.
• Can not make any adjustment that human being does.
• Can not detect error in logic.

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 Application of a Computer

• Education
• Business
• Entertainment
• Science and engineering
• Sports/Gaming
• Advertising
• Medical technology
• Government
• Home
• …………………..

CSE 107 12
 Types of Computer

• Based on purpose
Special-purpose computer
 Task specific and solves one particular problem. Sometimes called dedicated computer.
 Example: Traffic lights control system, aircraft navigation system, highways tolls system,
automobile industry, appliances and games etc.
General Purpose
 General (Multi) purposes and more versatile
 Example: Personal computer

General Purpose computers are less efficient and slower than special purpose
computers when applied to the same tasks.

CSE 107 13
 Types of Computer
• Based on signal:
 Analog computer
• Old computer system.
• use continuous values rather than discrete values; analog signal.
• Less accuracy.
• Special purpose device.
• Shows the result in terms of voltage signals.
• Example: Automobile speedometer computer.
 Digital computer:
• uses the binary number system, which has two digits: 0 and 1
• performs many computational tasks.
• More accuracy.
• General purpose device.
• Shows the result in computer display screen.
• Example: Personal computer.

CSE 107 14
 Types of Computer
• Based on capacity/size of the data processed:
Microcomputer
i. Desktop
ii. Laptop/Notebook Personal Computer
iii. Workstation

Minicomputer
Mainframe computer
Supercomputer

CSE 107 15
 Microcomputer
• Microcomputer: It is an electronic device with a microprocessor (CPU).
 Microprocessor is the brain of the computer.
 Microcomputer has CPU, memory, I/O devices, and busses connected with the motherboard.
 Small and relatively inexpensive.
 Generally used by one person at a time (specially designed for individual use).
 Known as personal computer (desktop, laptop, palmtop, workstation, etc.).
 Consumes less power.
 Allows multitasking (such as printing a document while listening to music).
 Most of the microcomputers are portable.
 Use/Application: Entertainment (watching movie, listening music, playing game,
etc.), Business (to handle massive data such as banks, shops use application software
on microcomputer. Other sectors such as graphic design, film studios, architecture
firms, etc. use microcomputers), Medical technology (such as in diagnostic center for
X-ray, MRI, etc.), Teaching, learning, and research, ……………………..

CSE 107 16
 Microcomputer
• Block diagram of a microcomputer

CSE 107 17
 Microcomputer
• Motherboard: The main circuit board of a microcomputer. It holds
and allows communication among the components of the system.
CPU is the main component of a motherboard.
It contains the CPU, BIOS, memory, mass storage interfaces, USB, SATA,
serial and parallel ports, expansion slots, and all controllers required to control
peripheral devices such as display screen, keyboard, disk drive etc.
Also known as main board, system board or logic board.
It is a printed circuit board (PCB).
Intel, ASUS, Gigabyte etc. are popular motherboard manufacture companies.

CSE 107 18
 Microcomputer
 Motherboard provides a single socket for
the CPU.
 For memory, more than one slots are available.
 Provides ports to attach floppy drive, hard drive, via
ribbon cables.
 It has fans and a special port for power supply.
 There is peripheral card slot for video cards, sound
cards, and other expansion cards.
 Motherboard carries a number of ports to connect the
monitor, printer, mouse, keyboard, speaker, and network
cables.
 Also provides USB ports, which allow compatible devices to be
connected in plug-in/plug-out fashion. For example, pen drive, digital cameras, etc.

CSE 107 19
 Mini Computer
• A mini computer is the computer that has all the features and functionality of a large
computer, but is smaller in size.
• It lies in the middle range of computing systems, between the mainframe and microcomputer as it is smaller than
the mainframe and larger than a microcomputer.
• Business applications and services, and also does time-sharing, batch processing, online processing, etc.
• It contains one or more processors.
• Supports multitasking and multiprocessing.
• Supports multi-users system where more than one user can work simultaneously.
• Minicomputers are more powerful than microcomputers.
• Also called a mid-range computer.
• Examples of Minicomputers include AS/400 computers, MV 1500, Motorola 68040.

CSE 107 20
 Micro Computer vs. Mini Computer
Micro Computer Mini Computer
It is a personal computer introduced in 1970 and used for general It is a small computer introduced in 1960 and used for operating
purpose. business and scientific applications.
These computers are used by companies for manufacturing control of
These computers are used by people for education and entertainment.
process.
It is composed of single processing optimization. It is composed of double processing optimization.
It uses single microprocessor for CPU that performs all logic and
It uses multiple processors.
arithmetic operations.
They are primarily used for word processing, managing databases or They are primarily used for process control, performing financial and
spreadsheets, graphics and general office applications. administrative tasks, such as word processing and accounting.
It is more cost effective and easy to use as compared to minicomputer. It is more costly and difficult to use as compared to microcomputers.
It is faster in speed and performance as compared to microcomputers
It is very slower in speed and performance as compared to mini
because it contains multiprocessing system that is capable of handling
computers.
different users simultaneously.
It uses tapes and disks as storage devices. It uses magnetic disks or tapes for secondary storage.

It is less powerful as compared to mini computers. It is more powerful as compared to microcomputers.

CSE 107 21
 Mainframe Computer

• Mainframe computer is a big centralized machine that contains large memory,

huge storage space, multiple high grade processors.
• It has ultra processing power compared to standard computer system.
• Mainframe computers process billions of simple calculations and transactions in
real time; processing speed is very fast.
• Can handle multiple inputs at same time.
• A mainframe computer is large but not as large as a supercomputer and has more
processing power than some other classes of computers, such as minicomputers,
workstations, and personal computers.
• Critical applications such as bulk data processing for censuses, scientific research,
industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large scale
transaction processing.
• Mainframe computers are often used as servers.

CSE 107 22
Mainframe Computer

CSE 107 23
 Super Computer

• The fastest high-performance systems.

• Supercomputers use more than one central processing unit (CPU). These
CPUs are grouped into compute nodes, comprising a processor or a group
of processors, and a memory block. At scale, a supercomputer can contain
tens of thousands of nodes.
• Applications include climate and weather, nuclear weapons, cryptography,
etc. Today they are also routinely employed by the aerospace, petroleum,
and automotive industries.
• Supercomputers have a very large storage capacity, as well as a very fast
input/output capability.
• Most expensive.

CSE 107 24
 Super Computer
• According to Top500https://www.top500.org/lists/top500/2025/06/)
All around the world, as of June 2025 (65th edition), the the El Capitan
System supercomputer, Housed at the Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory, California, USA, is the world’s fastest supercomputer.
El Capitan has 11,039,616 cores and is based on AMD 4th generation
EPYC processors with 24 cores at 1.8 GHz and AMD Instinct MI300A
accelerators.

CSE 107 25