PETERSON'S
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THOMSON LEARNING
Essential Practice
for Building
Vocabulary
for the TOEFL
MILADA BROUKAL *TOEFL IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF THE EDUCTIONAL
TESTING SERVICE. WHICH DOES NOT ENDORSE THIS BOOK
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TOEFL • WORD RaSh is adapted from TOEFL• Test Assistant: Vocabulaty by Milada Broukal
and published by Heinie & HeiNeiiTP.
Ubrory ot Congre10 ~n-Publlcotlon Do,.
Broukal. Milada.
TOEFL word Hash: the quick way to burld vocabulary power I Milada Broukal
p. em.
lndudes index.
ISBN 0.7689.()626· I
1. Test of Engftsh as a Foreign language-Study guides. 2. Engtish language-
Textbooks !Of loceign speakers. 3. Vocabulary-€xammations-Study guides. I. Title .
PE11 28 .87148 1997
428. 1'07&-«21 97·2401\
CIP
Prinled m Canada
lo 9 a 1 6 s 4 3 2 1 o3 02 01
Eight Keys to Vocabulary Building v
Text Credits vii
CHAPTER 1
Words in Context 1
Test on Words in Context 28
CHAPTER 2
Theme 'Grouping: Living Things 36
Test on Living Things 46
CHAPTER 3
Theme Grouping: Time and Space 48
Test on Time and Space 57
CHAPJER 4
Everyday and Specific Vocabulary 59
T~ston Everyday and Specific Vocabulary 66
CHAPTER 5
Roots 70
Test on Roots 83
CHAPTER 6
Theme Grouping: Thought and Communicat ion 86
Test on Thought and Communicat ion %
CHAPTER 7
Theme Grouping: Feelings and Sensations 98
Test on Feelings and Sensations 107
CHAPTER 8
Idioms and Confusing Words 109
Test for Idioms 124
Test on Confusing Words 133
iv TOEFL WORD FLASH
CHAPTER 9
Prefixes 134
Test on Prefixes 148
CHAPTER 10
Theme Grouping: Places and Movement 150
Test on Places and Movement 159
CHAPTER 11
Theme Grouping: Size 161
Test on Size 170
CHAPTER 12
Sufftxes 172
Test on Sufftxes 181
CHAPTER 13
Phrasal Verbs 183
Test on Phrasal Verbs 195
ANSWER KEY 198
1. Read as much as you can
By reading as many magazines, fiction and non-fiction books, and journals
as you can, you will encounter new words. You can guess the meanings of
many of these words by their context-that is, you will get a clue to the
meaning from the words that surround the new word. If you are still not
sure, you can look up the word in a dictionary to check if you were right.
2. Use a dictionary
Buy a good dictionary, preferably a college-level dictionary. The dictionary
should be all English, not a bilingual one. A good dictionary should include
the following information about a word:
• its pronunciation
• its part of speech (noun, adjective, verb)
• a clear, simple definition
• an example of the word used in a sentence or phrase
• its origin (root, prefix)
You can also use a pocket dictionary if you travel back and forth to classes.
3. Learn roots, prefixes, and sUffixes
Roots and prefixes from lAtin and Greek make up many English words. It
has been estimated that more than half of all English words come from
lAtin and Greek. Prefixes are added to the beginning of a root and suffixes
are added to the end to modify the meaning of words. Learning these will
help you increase your vocabulary.
4. Learn from listening
listening to good programs on the radio and television as well as to people
who speak English well is another way of improving your vocabulary.
Since you cannot always ask the speaker to tell you what a particular word
means, write down the words and look them up later.
5. Use a dictionary of synonyms and antonyms
Synonyms are words that have almost the same meaning; antonyms are
words that have almost the opposite meaning. Knowing the synonyms and
antonyms of a word will expand your vocabulary. Some dictionaries of
synonyms and antonyms explain each synonym and how it differs in
v
vi TOEFL WORD FLASH
meaning for other synonyms. Since no two words have the exact same
meaning, this is very useful for you.
6. Make your own word list
Get a notebook for your vocabulary study and usc it to create your own
word list. Whenever you read and come across a word you don't know,
write it down in your notebook together with the sentence in which you
found it. Try to work out the meaning of the word from its context. Then
look the word up in a dictionary and write the definition in your
notebook. Also, write down any other information such as the root of the
word, and see how it is connected to the meaning. Lastly, write your own
sentence using the word. Writing will help you remember the word and
its meaning. Try to add a new word to your list every day.
7. Create your own theme groups
Words are easier to remember and learn when you group words with
similar meanings under a theme. For example,
be fond of
1.---- devoted to
cherish
adore
Then you can make another theme with the opposite.
detest
loathe
abhor
repel
despise
disgust
8. Use your new words
Using your new words whether it be in speaking or writing is an important
step in learning them.
16 TOEFL WORD FLASH
EXERCISE 3
roar rumble rattle crack hum
rustle squeak bang slam murmur
Continuous Sound Stngle Sound
ExERCISE 4
1. a. hum 4. a. crack
b. rumble b. slam
2. a. rustle s. a. murmur
b. rattle b. rumble
3. a. roar 6. a. bang
b. rumble b. squeak
CHAPTER 3 THEME GROUPING: TIME AND SPACE 51
Adverbs of Time
sometimes formerly eventually
occasionally previously henceforth
frequently prior to simultaneously
meanwhile
1. sometimes= not always, now and then.
Example: We sometimes go to the movies on weekends.
2. occasionally= from time to time but not regularly or frequently.
Example: I occasionally see a famous face at the opera.
3. frequently = repeated many times, especially at short intervals.
Example: I must be getting old; I frequently forget where I am.
4. formerly = in earlier times.
Example: The museum was formerly the house of the mayor.
5. previously = coming before (in time or order).
Example: Had you previously taken the test before you came to the
United States?
6. prior to= (formal adv. phrase) before.
Example: No infonnation was available prior to that date.
7. eventually= at last, ultimately, after a long time.
Example: He eventually passed his drivers test after taking it eight
times.
8. henceforth = from this time forward.
Example: The committee has decided that henceforth a special test will
have to be taken by new students.
9. simultaneously= happening at the same time.
Example: The two events that were of interest to me were being shown
simultaneously on television.
10. meanwhile = at the same time.
Example: Some people are dying of hunger; meanwhile, others are
throwing away food they don 't eat.
80 TOEFL WORD FLASH
5. I have to - - - - - - - that 6. T h e - - - - - - for
you know more than astrophys- repairing the engine was very
ics than I do. complicrted.
a. concede a. precedent
b. recede b. procedure
ExERCISE 3
Root Area of Meaning Examples
agr land
amb(u)I walk
anima life, spirit
anthro man, mankind
aster star
auto self
bene well
bib! book
bio life
brev short
cap it head
cam flesh
ced, cess go
cide kill
civ citizen
chrome color
chron time
corp body
cosm world, order
cred believe
cycl wheel, circle
demo people
die, diet say, speak
domin master
http://alijafarnode.ir
CHAPTER 9 PREFIXES 141
3. to protrude = to stick out.
Example: The point of the arrow protruded from out of the back of the
wounded man.
4. profound= (adj) deep; a person with a deep understanding and
knowledge. Especially used for respect, fear, or silence.
Example: Socrates had a profound knowledge and understanding of life.
s. to proclaim = to declare or say in public.
Example: When the party spokesman proclaimed victory, the crowd
cheered.
6. profi.clent = (adj) very skilled in a particular activity.
Example: He is a very proficient administrator.
7. prominent= (adj) standing out as more important than others.
Example: She is a prominent lawyer in this community.
8. profuse = (adj) in abundance or plenty.
Example: The yeUow mimosas were profuse along the mountain road.
9. prospective= (adj) used to describe a person who is going to do
something.
Example: The prospective buyer of the house wanted to know every
detail about it.
ExERCISE 1
proliferate protrude proficient promote proclaim
prominent profuse profound prospective
1. deep 6. expected
2. increase in numbers 7. expert in
3. important 8. announce in public
4. raise in rank 9. plenty
s. project out
CHAPTER 12 SUFFIXES 181
Test on Suffixes
Example
In recent years, chentical pollutants sucked up by the atmospheric fell
A 8 C
back down to earth in forms of precipitation.
D
Choice (C) is the best answer. A noun, atmosphere, should be the object of the
verb "sucked up."
1. Some fishes live at such enormous depths that they are almost complete
A 8 C
blind.
D
2. The reduction of illiteracy is the primary education task in many parts of
A 8 C D
the world.
3. One of the majority causes of tides is the gravitational attraction of the
A 8 C D
moon.
4. For the development of a coral reef, warmth, shallow, and clear sea
A B C D
water without any silts or clays is needed.
5. Many species of lizards change their diets with mature and seasonal
A B C
changes in the availability of food.
D
6. James McNeill Whistler, considered as the greatest genius in the history
A
of American art, was a versatility and industrious artist who was
8 c
proficient in several media.
D
7. Animals that live in cold climates often hibernate throughout the winter
A 8 C
when food is scarcely.
D
